May 2019- Mountain Lifestyle-Crestline & Lake Arrowhead editions

The larger of Saturn’s 53 moons are shown here. Saturn can be seen all
night in the month of May 2019. Photo courtesy of NASA.
Observing Saturn—Jewel of the
Solar System
by Steven Peter
If you happen to be outside
in the mountain evening sky during
the summer, Saturn is just above
the horizon at sunset in the southeast
and will be slightly higher in
the sky each following night. Saturn
is currently tipped 90 degrees and
you can see the whole ring structure
with just binoculars on a clear
moonless night. It is located inside
the constellation Scorpius. It’s best
to see it later, after 10PM, as the sky
stays lighter longer in the summer.
Remember that if it isn’t twinkling,
it’s probably a planet as planets reflect
light from our sun and usually
are void of emitting pulses of light
(twinkling).
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Saturn is the second largest
planet in our solar system, laced
with thousands of beautiful ringlets,
it is unique among the planets. It is
not the only planet to have rings
-- made of chunks of ice and rock
-- but none are as spectacular or as
complex as Saturn’s. Like its neighbor
Jupiter, Saturn is a massive ball
of mostly hydrogen and helium.
Surrounding by 53 confirmed
and nine proposed moons,
Saturn is home to some of the most
fascinating landscapes in our solar
system. From the volcanic fountains
of Enceladus to the methane lakes
on hazy Titan, the Saturn system is
a rich source of scientific discovery
and still holds many mysteries.
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The farthest planet from Earth observable
by the unaided human eye,
Saturn has been known since ancient
times and is named for the Roman
god of agriculture and wealth.
The Greek equivalent was Cronos,
the father of Zeus/Jupiter.
It is enveloped by liquid
metallic hydrogen, inside a layer
of liquid hydrogen -- like Jupiter’s
core but considerably smaller. It’s
hard to imagine, but Saturn is the
only planet in our solar system that
is less dense than water. The giant
gas planet could float in a bathtub
-- if one could find on that large. As
a gas giant, Saturn doesn’t have a
true surface. The planet is mostly
swirling gases and liquids. While a
spacecraft would have nowhere to
land on Saturn, it wouldn’t be able
to fly through unscathed either. The
extreme pressures and temperatures
deep inside the planet would crush,
melt and vaporize a metal spacecraft
trying to fly through the planet.
Saturn is blanketed with
clouds, stripes and storms. Overall
the planet is tan and light brown in
color, due to a mixture of yellow
ammonia crystals in the upper atmosphere.
Winds in the upper atmosphere
reach 1,600 feet per second
in the equatorial region. In contrast,
the strongest hurricane-force winds
on Earth top out at about 360 feet
per second. And the pressure -- the
same kind you feel when you dive
deep underwater -- is so powerful
it squeezes gas into liquid. Even a
metal spacecraft would be smashed
in Saturn’s intense atmosphere.
Saturn’s north pole has an interesting
atmospheric feature -- a six-sided
jet stream. There is no weather
feature like it anywhere else in the
solar system.
Saturn’s environment is not
conducive to life as we know it. The
temperatures, pressures, radiation
levels and materials that characterize
this planet are most likely too
extreme and volatile for organisms
to adapt to.
While planet Saturn is an
unlikely place for living things to
take hold, the same is not true of
some of its many moons. Satellites
like Enceladus and Titan, home to
internal oceans, could possibly support
life.
Saturn is home to a vast array
of intriguing and unique worlds.
From the cloud-shrouded surface of
Titan to crater-riddled Phoebe, each
of Saturn’s moons tells another
piece of the story surrounding the
Saturn system.
Saturn’s largest satellite, Titan,
is a bit bigger than the planet
Mercury.
Saturn’s rings are believed
to be pieces of comets, asteroids or
shattered moons that broke up before
they reached the planet, torn
apart by Saturn’s powerful gravity.
They are made of billions of small
chunks of ice and rock. The ring
particles mostly range from tiny,
dust-sized icy grains to chunks as
big as a house, though a few particles
are as large as mountains. The
rings would look mostly white if
you looked at them from the cloud
tops of Saturn. Saturn’s ring system
extends up to 175,000 miles
from the planet, yet the vertical
height is typically about 30 feet
in the main rings. Among the ring
system are “braided” rings, ringlets
and “spokes” -- dark features in the
rings that form and initially circle
the planet at different rates from
that of the surrounding ring material.
Saturn has seven separate rings.
Saturn was the most distant
of the five planets known to the ancients.
In 1610, Italian astronomer
Galileo Galilei was the first to gaze
at Saturn through a telescope. To
his surprise, he saw a pair of objects
on either side of the planet. He
sketched them as separate spheres,
thinking that Saturn was triple-bodied.
The oldest written records
documenting Saturn are attributed
to the Assyrians, described the
ringed planet as a sparkle in the
night and named it “Star of Ninib.”
Around 400 BC Ancient Greek astronomers
named what they thought
was a wandering star in honor of
Kronos, the god of agriculture. The
Romans later change the name to
Saturn, their god of agriculture. In
July 1610, Galileo Galilei spotted
Saturn’s rings through a telescope,
but mistook them for a “triple planet.”
In 1655 Christiaan Huygens
discovered Saturn’s rings and its
largest moon, Titan.
More recently, the Saturn
system has been visited by passing
spacecraft, the Cassini orbiter and
the Huygens probe. Pioneer 11 was
the first spacecraft to reach Saturn
on September 1, 1979. In its 1979
flyby of Saturn, Voyager 1 revealed
the intricate structure of the ring
system, consisting of thousands of
bands. Flying even close to Saturn
in 1981, Voyager 2 provided more
detailed images and documented
the thinness of some of the rings.
And on July 1, 2004 NASA’s Cassini
spacecraft became the first to orbit
Saturn, beginning a decade-long
mission that revealed many secrets
and surprises about Saturn and its
system of rings and moons.
Even the Europeans got in
on the adventure with the European
Space Agency’s Huygens probe
being the first spacecraft to make
a soft landing on the surface of another
planet’s moon - Saturn’s giant
moon Titan. The probe provided a
detailed study Titan’s atmosphere
during a 2 hour and 27-minute descent
and relayed data and images
from Titan’s muddy surface for another
hour and 10 minutes.
Nine Health Benefits Of Drinking
Tea
by Lynette Eastwood
You may already know that
tea can improve your skin and help
keep you fit and trim, but many of
us may not know that it also does
amazing things for your health.
Discover what being a tea connoisseur
can do and improve your
health life, after all it has been
around for millennia. During that
time, the Chinese have drunk it for
everything from hangover prevention,
to weight control and also for
common cold relief. Now, our modern
scientific research has given us
a much better insight into how tea
improves health and to what benefi
t .
True tea, or that from the
Camellia synesis plant, includes
white, green, oolong, black and Puerh.
All of these teas contain antioxidants,
catechins, and polyphenols,
which have a positive impact
our bodies.
Research has shown that tea has:
1. Lowered Cholesterol
One popular and favorite healthy
tea is green tea and it has been
found to help lower cholesterol,
both total serum cholesterol and
LDL, according to a study in the
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
It is suggested that five cups
per day will provide results, but
multiple studies have shown that
higher consumption leads to the
biggest drop in cholesterol.
Tea is believed to work by inhibiting
the absorption of cholesterol
from the large intestine. Among
the Chinese, Pu-erh tea is the most
known for its ability to lower cholesterol,
although only minimal research
has investigated this belief.
2. Blindness Prevention
Since tea contains high levels of
antioxidants, it is not surprising
that studies have found them in
eye tissues. Drinking tea can help
to prevent the blindness caused by
cataracts (the clouding of the lens
inside the eye).
3. Reduced Cortisol Levels
Cortisol is the stress hormone that
contributes to belly fat and makes
your skin age quicker. One recent
study suggested four cups of tea per
day may make your cortisol levels
spike less.
If you’re looking to have cortisol
levels drop back down to normal
faster after a stressful event, a study
suggested daily consumption of tea
for six weeks will do just that (as
compared to placebo).
The less cortisol your body produces
the more slowing of the aging
process and thus helping in the
prevention of the widening of your
mid-section.
4. Anti-inflammatory
Active compounds in tea can help
to lower levels of inflammation and
inflammatory reactions. According
to specialists, inflammation is connected
to almost every modern ailment,
including arthritis, metabolic
syndrome, and depression. Inflammation
can also cause you to retain
water and look puffy, so a few cups
of tea can help you look and feel
thinner.
Other studies indicated the lower
inflammation levels resulting from
green tea consumption may help to
protect against cardiovascular disease,
just another added benefit of
tea consumption.
5. Increased memory - Focus &
Concentration
Extensive research has shown that
the combinations of caffeine and
L-Theanine (a naturally occurring
amino acid found in tea) improves
reaction time and memory, while at
the same time increases focus and
concentration (think of monks meditating
as an example).
It is suggested to have a cup of tea
— perhaps white tea — before a
meeting when you need to be sharp
or drink it during a test for increased
concentration and focus.
6. Anti-allergen
With spring here, now is time to
start searching for your favorite tea.
A Japanese study found that the tea
polyphenol, EGCG, may be helpful
for reducing pollen allergies. Tea
Lynette Eastwood
may also reduce allergic response
through quercetin, a flavanol naturally-occurring
in tea, which is
known to alienate histamine response.
By adding honey to your
tea, you will double-up the anti-allergy
power.
7. Decreased Risk of Stroke
Drinking at least three cups of
green or black tea per day results
in a 21% reduction in the risk of
ischemic stroke, according to 2009
study. Start your tea habit now,
to begin protecting yourself earlier
and improve your chances
of living longer.
8. Reduced Risk of Dementia
To stay sharp, even as you age,
drink tea, as it is thought to lower
the risk of dementia by acting
through multiple ways, including
those of nerve synapses and
blood sugar regulation. A study in
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2009 found that tea acts on brain
theta waves to improve memory
and increase attention span — this
is another reason to start drinking
tea early in life.
9. Improved Overall Health
Markers
Tea drinkers tend to be healthier,
which proves true, as tea drinking
research also correlates with better
health outcomes.
You can help support your health,
which includes your skin and body
composition, with as few as 2-3
cups per day of this calorie-free,
sugar-free drink. This is a growing
health movement and you can start
today exploring the novelty of and
many flavors of tea.
There are countless types, blends,
styles, countries of origins and
more, all for you to try. There must
be a tea to suit any taste and preference.
So, go try, discover. Most of
all, enjoy a cup of tea. Be a healthy
tea connoisseur.
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