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Tech TIP: Setting up IFB MIX MINUS Sports Remotes What is a Mix-Minus? A mix-minus is a broadcast term used to describe the feed sent from the studio to a remote site, so that the remote site can hear the output of the studio, without the remote site hearing itself back. The feed from the studio will often include a full mix of the studio master mix output (master mix bus), minus incoming audio from the remote outside broadcast. Why is a Mix-Minus Required? Typically, a mix-minus has been used by electronic news gathering crews, radio and television news reporters and remote outside broadcast trucks to facilitate live audio crosses that require bidirectional communications. Sending a mix-minus feed from the studio allows the remote site to hear studio broadcast audio without hearing the audio from the remote site back on delay. Audio sent via satellite or IP technologies from a remote site invariably has inherent delay on both the transmit and return paths, and it would be a significant distraction to hear this audio back at the remote site on delay. As an example, if the IP audio latency between the remote site and the studio is 250ms, and the latency back from the studio is also 250ms, then the round-trip delay is 500ms or half a second. If a mix minus was not created and remote site announcers heard the full mix back from the studio, including their own audio, they would hear themselves on a half second delay. This would create an ‘echo effect’ and make it very difficult to maintain broadcasting. In the early days a mix-minus was often fed via a telephone hybrid, but increasingly these days it is fed over IP using devices like smartphone apps and audio codecs. 16 www.tieline.com
Setting up IFB Mix Minus Tech Tip Multiple Live Crosses Require Multiple Mix-Minuses If multiple simultaneous live crosses occur, it is necessary to create a separate mixminus for each remote location using the studio mixing console. Typically, a separate mix bus will used to send an auxiliary mix-minus feed to each location, and this can be tailored for each destination. Real-World Applications Using Tieline Codecs Every single day thousands of Tieline customers use mix-minus to facilitate live remotes. The Tieline ViA codec supports a bidirectional stereo connection for program, plus a separate mono connection for sending IFB mix-minus communications from the studio. The touchscreen makes it easy to configure routing of signal paths onsite. Configuring Multiple Mix-Minus Feeds Following is an example of how mix-minus configuration can be implemented for up to six remote sites using Tieline codecs and the Report-IT Enterprise smartphone app. Tieline: The Codec Company 17
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