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Contents
Dedication
Chapter 1 The Death of Benito Mussolini 1
Chapter 2 The Weaknesses of Liberal Italy 1870–1915 3
1 The Unification of Italy 1815–70 3
2 Problems Facing Liberal Italy 1870–1915 5
3 Liberal Italy on the Eve of the First World War 9
Study Guide 14
Chapter 3 The Rise of Fascism 1915–22 16
1 Italy at War 17
2 The Economic Legacy of the First World War 19
3 The Socialist ‘Threat’ 20
4 ‘Mutilated Victory’ 21
5 Mussolini and the Birth of Fascism 22
6 The Rise of Fascism 1919–21 25
7 Mussolini Seizes the Initiative: May 1921–October 1922 33
8 The March on Rome 36
9 Key Debate 39
Study Guide 43
Chapter 4 Mussolini: From Prime Minister to Dictator 1922–8 46
1 Mussolini’s Increasing Power 1922–4 47
2 Electoral Reform 50
3 The Creation of the Fascist Dictatorship 1924–8 52
Study Guide 55
Chapter 5 Mussolini and the Fascist Political System 58
1 Mussolini’s Aim: Personal Dictatorship 59
2 Propaganda and the Cult of Personality 59
3 Mussolini and Government 63
4 Mussolini and Powerful Groups in Italian Society 65
5 Mussolini and the Fascist Party 65
6 Relations between Party and State 68
7 Popular Support and Opposition 69
8 Key Debate 72
9 Comparison of Fascism and Nazism 73
Study Guide 80
Chapter 6 Mussolini and the Economy 1922–40 83
1 Mussolini’s Aims 83
2 The Impact of Fascist Policies on Italian Industry 84
3 Agriculture 90
4 Key Debate 93
Study Guide 96
vii