The Manual on Viruses

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The Spanish flu,the “Mother of all Flu pandemics”The Spanish flu pandemic of 1918, after the world war 1 and the deadliestin history, infected an estimated 500 million people worldwide—about one-third of the planet’s population—and killed an estimated 20million to 50 million victims. The 1918 flu was first observed in Europe,the United States and parts of Asia before swiftly spreading around theworld. At the time, there were no effective drugs or vaccines to treat thiskiller flu strain. Citizens were ordered to wear masks, schools, theatersand businesses were shuttered and bodies piled up in makeshiftmorgues before the virus ended its deadly global march.It’s unknown exactly where the particular strain of influenza that caused thepandemic came from; however, the 1918 flu was first observed in Europe,America and areas of Asia before spreading to almost every other part of theplanet within a matter of months. One unusual aspect of the 1918 flu wasthat it struck down many previously healthy, young people—a group normallyresistant to this type of infectious illness—including a number of World WarI servicemen. The first known case was reported at Camp Funston in FortRiley, Kansas, on March 11, 1918.In fact, more U.S. soldiers died from the 1918 flu than were killed in battleduring the war. Forty percent of the U.S. Navy was hit with the flu, while36 percent of the Army became ill, and troops moving around the world incrowded ships and trains helped to spread the killer virus.Is often estimated at 20 million to 50 million victims worldwide, other estimatesrun as high as 100 million victims—around 3 percent of the world’spopulation. The exact numbers are impossible to know due to a lack ofmedical record-keeping in many places.When the 1918 flu hit, doctors and scientists were unsure what caused itor how to treat it. Unlike today, there were no effective vaccines or antivirals,drugs that treat the flu. Complicating matters was the fact that World WarI had left parts of America with a shortage of physicians and other healthworkers. And of the available medical personnel in the U.S., many camedown with the flu themselves.Virus Killed the Young, Old and In-Between76 // PANDEMIC / INFLUENZA: THE CRISIS OF THE LAST CENTURY
Hospitals in some areas were so overloaded with flupatients that schools, private homes and other buildingshad to be converted into makeshift hospitals, some ofwhich were staffed by medical students.Influenza victims crowd into an emergency hospital nearFort Riley, Kansas in 1918.National Museum of HealthInfluenza victims crowd into an emergency hospital nearFort Riley, Kansas in 1918.National Museum of HealthTHE MANUAL ON VIRUSES// 77
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WarningWarningWarningWarningProtect
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Nature is really complex and I don
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ContentVIRUSESHow viruses are build
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VirusesVirusesVirusesVirusesViruses
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My interpretation for Viruses:total
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What is a Viral Infection?In everyd
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CHAIN OF INFECTION:From person to P
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ReservoirsThe reservoir of an infec
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ZOONOSISHumans coexist in a complex
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WET MARKETSA wet market (also calle
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JUST A SMALL PRICK INTHE ASS AND IT
Page 28 and 29: A quick but importantreminder: Anti
Page 31 and 32: Viruses in the Modern WorldViruses
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Page 35 and 36: Ebolavirus - em photoEbolavirus - e
Page 37 and 38: EVD:Ebola virus diseasViral outbrea
Page 39 and 40: Tracing a hostFollowing the discove
Page 41 and 42: 2014-2016 Biggest ebola outbreakThe
Page 43 and 44: Zairian nurse prepered to enter in
Page 45: There is currently NOantiviral drug
Page 49 and 50: HIV: human immunodeficiencyvirusAID
Page 51 and 52: The AIDS Epidemic ArisesCDC: Center
Page 53 and 54: The fight against HIV/AIDs (1980s)S
Page 55 and 56: The GMHC (formerly Gay Men’s Heal
Page 57 and 58: Gay ACT UP members carrying huge ba
Page 59 and 60: A man marches in a candlelight vigi
Page 61 and 62: HIV does not survive long outside t
Page 63 and 64: SAVE SEX, SAVE LOVECONDOMS : PROTEC
Page 65 and 66: Image modified from “Exploring th
Page 67 and 68: HAART drug resistanceIf HIV can evo
Page 70: 3D computer-generatedrendering of a
Page 73 and 74: When we look back, we never remembe
Page 75 and 76: The “flu season”Lasts typically
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Page 83 and 84: A typist wears her influenza mask i
Page 85 and 86: Japanese school girls wear protecti
Page 87 and 88: People in England wear different -
Page 90 and 91: Coronaviruses: A virus in modern ti
Page 92 and 93: Although we may not believe it and
Page 94 and 95: Scientists have grown the virus fro
Page 96 and 97: The COVID-19 pandemic, also known a
Page 98 and 99: Map of confirmed cases per capita a
Page 100 and 101: What we didn´t see comingWhat we d
Page 102 and 103: 100 // PANDEMIC / CORONAVIRUS: A VI
Page 104 and 105: A globalized WorldAn outbreak of su
Page 106 and 107: Crowded people fighting for their l
Page 108 and 109: Every country in the world is facin
Page 110 and 111: Absurd PoliticsAbsurd PoliticsAbsur
Page 112 and 113: Still at the beginning of the Coron
Page 114 and 115: No doubt Trump, the president of th
Page 116 and 117: We could list a lot of cases of dis
Page 120 and 121: Toilet paper,the new goldThe face m
Page 122 and 123: Lets practice social distancingTher
Page 124 and 125: The importance of scienceCamila is
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References:World Health Organisatio
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CREDITSFree University of Bozen-Bol
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