2021FRIB/NSCL Graduate Brochure

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Bill Lynch Professor of Physics Experimental Nuclear Physics Selected Publications Constraints on the Density Dependence of the Symmetry Energy, M.B. Tsang et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 122701 (2009) Probing the symmetry energy with heavy ions, W.G. Lynch et al., Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 62, 427 (2009) Comparision of Statistical Treatments for the Equations of state for Core-collapse Supernovae, S.R. Souza et al., AP. J., 707 1495 (2009) Determination of the Equation of State of Dense Matter, P. Danielewicz, R. Lacey, W.G. Lynch, Science 298, 1592 (2002) Imaging Sources with Fast and Slow Emission Components, G. Verde, et al., , Phys. Rev. C 65, 054609 (2002) BS, Physics, University of Colorado, 1973 PhD, Nuclear Physics, University of Washington, 1980 Joined NSCL in December 1980 lynch@nscl.msu.edu My research is focused upon understanding nuclear collisions and how the information derived from such collisions can improve the understanding of nuclei, nuclear matter and neutron stars. Surprising as it may seem at first, constraints on the pressures that support a neutron star can be obtained by probing the pressures that are achieved in nuclear collisions or by examining the nuclear forces that bind very neutron-rich nuclei. Such nuclear properties can be related to neutron star properties through their common dependence on the equation of state of nuclear matter, which plays the same role for nuclear systems as the ideal gas law plays for gases. Finding appropriate constraints on the nuclear equation of state requires the development of new experimental devices, new experimental measurements and theoretical developments. One of the largest uncertainties in the nuclear equation of state concerns the symmetry energy, which describes how the energy of nuclei and nuclear matter changes as one replaces protons in a system with neutrons, making the system more and more neutron rich. In some regions in the interiors of neutron stars, matter can be of the order of 95% neutrons. Whether this matter collapses under the gravitational attraction of the neutron star depends on the repulsive pressure from the symmetry energy. Experimental measurements presently do not satisfactorily constrain the pressure from the symmetry energy. Some of our recent experiments have provided constraints on the symmetry pressure; one of our goals is to make such constraints more stringent. Recently, our group combined five detector systems to probe the density dependence of the symmetry energy. This experiment compared the outward flow of neutrons to that of protons to probe the pressures attained by compressing neutron-rich nuclear systems in the laboratory. We have also developed one Time Projection Chambers (TPC) that we use to probe the symmetry energy at densities twice the saturation value typical of the centers of nuclei. We also use another TPC to measure fission of rare isotopes. Students play leading roles in developing such devices. Students also play important roles in the interpretation and theoretical modeling of the data that they measure, providing them with opportunities to also probe theoretical aspects of the phenomena that they are investigating. The picture at left shows 10 former post-docs and graduate students. Five currently hold faculty positions and three are staff members at national laboratories. KEYWORDS Symmetry Energy | HiRA | Fission | Nuclear Collisions 44
Kei Minamisono Research Senior Physicist and Adjunct Professor of Physics Experimental Nuclear Physics Selected Publications Implications of the 36 Ca- 36 S and 38 Ca- 38 Ar difference in mirror charge radii on the neutron matter equation of state, B. A. Brown et al., Phys. Rev. Research 2, 022035(R) (2020). Ground-state electromagnetic moments of 37 Ca, A. Klose et al., Phys. Rev. C 99, 061301(R) (2019). Proton superfluidity and charge radii in proton-rich calcium isotopes, A. J. Miller et al., Nature Physics 15, 432 (2019). First determination of ground state electromagnetic moments of 53 Fe, A. J. Miller et al., Phys. Rev. C 96, 054314 (2017). Charge radii of neutron deficient 52,53 Fe produced by projectile fragmentation, K. Minamisono et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 252501 (2016). MS, Physics, Osaka University, 1996 PhD, Physics, Osaka University, 1999 Joined NSCL in October 2004 minamiso@nscl.msu.edu What is the most fundamental property of a nucleus? Arguably, the size/shape of the nucleus is one of them. My current research interests is to determine the size, shape or radius of a rare nucleus that occurs around the existence limit of the nuclei. The size of a nucleus tells us how nucleons are distributed inside a nucleus. It is essential to gain critical insights into the driving nuclear forces of structural changes compared to stable nuclei surrounding us. Here is one example: the radii of very light mass, proton-rich calcium isotopes, which is shown in the figure. Experimental charge radii show a very intricate pattern as more neutrons are added. The 48 Ca nucleus, for example has almost the same radius as 40 Ca with eight more neutrons are added! Nuclear scientists consider the chain of Ca radii as a “text book” example of how the nuclear structure effect emerges in the radii, and is challenging nuclear theories. For such system, we determined radii of proton-rich Ca isotopes. They turned out to be very compact and surprisingly small compared with the previous theory, adding a new puzzle. An improved theory had to be developed, correctly taking into account the weak binding of protons, that is the coupling with the proton continuum. The improved theory now successfully explains the general trend of radii from proton-rich 36 Ca to neutron-rich 52 Ca isotopes. We perform experiments at the BEam COoling and LAser spectroscopy (BECOLA) facility at NSCL/FRIB. We illuminate laser light on a fast atom beam and detect fluorescence from the perturbed atom due to the interplay between the orbital electron and nucleus. The fluorescence contains information about the size of a nucleus. Technical development is another essential aspect of our group to get to rarest isotopes for the radius measurements. For example, developments of laser techniques and production of stable isotopes are critical. Among others, the Collinear Resonance laser Ionization Spectroscopy (CRIS) is planned to be developed. Multiple laser light will be illuminated to an atom beam to selectively ionize the atom, which is detected as a resonance signal. Highly sensitive measurements will be enabled to address the rarest isotopes. Students in my group will have training opportunities to gain hands-on experience in running laser spectroscopy experiments for nuclear structure studies. We run laser spectroscopy experiment online (with radioactive beams) as well as offline (with stable beams produced locally). The experimental system includes but not limited to operation of various laser systems (CW and pulsed, and lots of alignment), the ion beam production (operation) from offline ion sources, the ion-beam transport, the data acquisition system, and the analysis/interpretation of obtained data. Charge radii of calcium isotopes. Our data is shown in solid red circles. Previous and improved theories are shown in solid gray and yellow lines, respectively. KEYWORDS Nuclear Structure | Charge Radius | Electromagnetic Moments | Laser Spectroscopy | BECOLA 45
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 TABLE OF CONTEN
Page 5 and 6: As a campus-based national user fac
Page 7 and 8: NUCLEAR SCIENCE AT MSU Nuclear scie
Page 9 and 10: On March 19, 2020, FRIB accelerated
Page 11 and 12: MSU CRYOGENIC INITIATIVE The demand
Page 13 and 14: FRIB THEORY ALLIANCE The FRIB Theor
Page 15 and 16: GRADUATE STUDENT LIFE When you are
Page 17 and 18: CAREERS Your success as a graduate
Page 19 and 20: ANIA KWIATKOWSKI PhD IN PHYSICS, 20
Page 21 and 22: THE LANSING AREA Capital city Lansi
Page 23 and 24: Recreation Many recreational activi
Page 25 and 26: Daniel Bazin Research Senior Physic
Page 27 and 28: Georg Bollen University Distinguish
Page 29 and 30: Edward Brown Professor of Physics T
Page 31 and 32: Kaitlin Cook Assistant Professor of
Page 33 and 34: Pawel Danielewicz Professor of Phys
Page 35 and 36: Venkatarao Ganni Director of the MS
Page 37 and 38: Yue Hao Associate Professor of Phys
Page 39 and 40: Morten Hjorth-Jensen Professor of P
Page 41 and 42: Pete Knudsen Senior Cryogenic Proce
Page 43 and 44: Steven Lidia Senior Physicist and A
Page 45: Steven Lund Professor of Physics Ac
Page 49 and 50: Fernando Montes Research Staff Phys
Page 51 and 52: Filomena Nunes Professor of Physics
Page 53 and 54: Peter Ostroumov Professor of Physic
Page 55 and 56: Ryan Ringle Research Senior Physici
Page 57 and 58: Hendrik Schatz University Distingui
Page 59 and 60: Bradley Sherrill University Disting
Page 61 and 62: Artemis Spyrou Professor of Physics
Page 63 and 64: Betty Tsang Professor (FRIB/NSCL) E
Page 65 and 66: Christopher Wrede Associate Profess
Page 67 and 68: Remco Zegers Professor of Physics E
Page 69 and 70: HOW TO APPLY Now that you’ve read

2021FRIB/NSCL Graduate Brochure

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