Revista Educational Psichology

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INDEXCognitive Process on School… 1Bandura´s Social Cognitive Theory… 1Cognitive Psychology on School… 1We Need to Put attention on School… 1-2We Need Memory For Save Information... 2We Need for a Good Learning Make Concepts… 2-3We Have to Think for Make a Good Concepts… 3When we Think we Can Reasoning… 3What is Critical Thinking? ... 3Creative Thinking … 3Problem Solving… 3We Can Also Have a Critical Thinking... 3We Can Produce a Creative Thinking … 3We Have Different Strategies to Solve a Problem… 4We Can Transfer Our Knowledge … 4We Have to Motivate Our Students... 4-5Motivation Strategy by the Editor… 5-6Teacher Expecattion… 6We Have to Know About Nonverbal communication… 6Cognitive Strategies 5-6Robert Gagne’s Theory…. 7Jerome Brunner’s Theory… 7David Ausubel’s Theory… 8Game… 9Cognitive Process on SchoolBandura’s Social Cognitive TheoryBandura said that when students learn, they can make a cognitively represent ortransform their experiences. It occurs between environmental experiences andbehavior.And also cognitivisthas characteristics between themost important we have:● Behavior influences cognition● Environment influences behavior● Behavior influences environment.●They tend to imitate a model.Example: We can see this when we put our students in a natural environment because they will behave in apositive behavior.Cognitive Psychology on SchoolRobert Siegler made three mechanisms that work together to create changesin children’s cognitive skills:Encoding: Is the process by which we save information in memory.Automaticity: Is the ability to process information with little or no effort.Strategy Construction: Is the creation of new processing information.(256, 2009, Santrock).Example: We can see this when we teach a new topic at our students, if weteach with creativity it will be more comprehensible.We need to put attention on SchoolIs the focusing of mental resources that help us on focus of mental resources. We have different types of attention:1
Selective attention: Is focus on a specific aspect.Divided attention: Involves concentrating on more thanone activity at the same time.Sustained attention: Is the ability to maintain attentionover an extended period of time.Executive attention: Involves make an action planningwhere we can detect our mistakes.Example: We pay attention if the talker use a good strategy for talk, but if we do not have interest we do not putattention.We Need Memory For Save InformationMemory is retention of information over time.We have steps to retain information: Encoding, storage andretrieval. It can be:Short-Term Memory (When we save history information)Long-Term Memory (When we learn the multiplication tables)We Need for a Good Learning Make ConceptsConcepts are a group objects, events, and characteristics aboutsomething. They help us to organize information. For make aclear definition of a concept we have to:1. Define the concept: Is identifying or characteristics of anobject.2. Clarify terms in the definition: Make a clear definition.3. Give examples: Is give examples to define a new concept.4. Provide additional examples. Is when we give moreexamples to clarify something.It involves manipulating and transforming information in memory. (301, 2009, Santrock).When we Think we Can ReasoningIs a type of thinking where we use our logical thinking for make an inductionor deduction to find a conclusion. (302,2009, Santrock). We have two typesof reasoning:Inductive Reasoning: Is from the specific to the general.It consists on make conclusions based on one of similar members.Deductive Reasoning: Is reasoning from the general to the specific.Example: We use reasoning when we think about to choose a good way.We Can Also Have a Critical ThinkingIs evaluate all things that we see, and also promote independent thinking and reasoned judgment to make a rationalanswer for a problem.Critical thinking involves also logic as well as creativity. It may involve inductive anddeductive reasoning, analysis and problem-solving as well as creative, innovativeand complex approaches to the resolution of issues and challenges. ( (Indies, 2004)Example: When we thing about an unknown thing and we make hypothesis.We Can Produce a Creative ThinkingOne of the most important part of thinking is have creativity that means think aboutsomething or make a solution in an unusual way.J. P. Guilford (1967) distinguished between convergent and divergent thinking:Convergent: It refers to make a correct answer.Divergent: Is make different answers.Example: We use our creativity when we make a draw or a craft.32Example: We can teach an unknown concept with examples of something that they know, if we teach what a lionis, we can use a cat for simplify.We Have to Think for Make a Good Concepts
Page 1: References:John, S. (2009). Educati
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Revista Educational Psichology

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