Identification and pharmacological properties of coastal plants from Barangay Diguisit, Baler, Aurora | JBES-Vol

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J. Bio. & Env. Sci. 2021IntroductionHigher plants have been described as chemicalfactories that are capable of synthesizing unlimitednumber of highly complex and unusual chemicalsubstances. The World Health Organization (2004)estimated that 80% of the people in developingcountries of the world rely on traditional medicine fortheir primary health care needs, and about 85% oftraditional medicine involves the use of plant extracts.This means that about 3.5 to 4 billion people in theworld rely on plants as sources of drugs.Pharmacology, by definition, is the branchof biology concerned with the study of drug actionwhich exerts a biochemical or physiological effect onthe cell, tissue, organ, or organism (Vallance & Smart,2006). If substances have medicinal properties, theyare considered pharmaceuticals (Finkel et al., 2009).leaf parts of the plants were collected by handpickingbefore assaying. The leaves were rinsed with waterand placed in a clean, separate, and sealed plasticbags until extraction process.For the samples needed for authentication, vegetativeand reproductive part of the plants were collected andinstantly washed with ethyl alcohol before placing inclean plastic bags.Plant ExtractionPlant samples were cut into small pieces for air-dryingand were powderized. Ethanolic extraction andconcentration using rotary evaporation was done in theRice Chemistry and Food Science Division, PhilippineRice Research Institute, Nueva Ecija. The extractsobtained were stored in a refrigerator until use.The Philippines is high in terms of plant diversity thatan estimated 30-40% of these plants is endemic to thecountry and found nowhere else in the world(Amoroso, 2012). The municipality of Baler in Aurorais present with coastal areas. Beaches in Baler, Aurorawere abundantly rearing with different coastal plantsgrowing along the shore and rock formations.The Philippine Government RA No. 8423 or the“Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act (TAMA) of1997” was declared and stated to improve the qualityand delivery of health care services to the Filipinopeople. One of the objectives is to promote andadvocate the use of traditional, alternative, preventiveand curative health care modalities that have beenproven safe, effective, cost effective and consistentwith government standards on medical practice. Thisstudy of the different coastal plants located along thebeaches of Barangay Diguisit, Baler, Aurora wasevaluated for its pharmacological properties throughantibacterial properties and antioxidant analysis.Materials and methodsPlant MaterialsDifferent coastal plants from Diguisit, Baler, Aurorawere collected and authenticated. For the samplesneeded for extraction, the healthy and undamagedEvaluation of Antibacterial PropertyTest MicroorganismsThe pure culture of the gram positive Staphylococcusaureus and the gram negative Escherichia colibacteria were provided by the Department ofBiological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences,Central Luzon State University.Preparation of Bacterial SuspensionTen milliliters of nutrient broth (NB) was preparedand dispensed into test tubes and sterilized on anautoclave at 121°C, 15 psi for 15 mins. A loopful of thetwo bacteria was inoculated on the prepared nutrientbroth. The suspension was then incubated at sanitizeroom temperature for 6 hours before adjusting theturbidity using 0.5mcFarland Turbidity Standard.Preparation of Culture MediaThe Mueller-Hinton Agar (MHA) was prepared basedon the instruction given. The MH agar powder wasboiled in distilled water until totally dissolved in aflask. It was sterilized in an autoclave at 121°C, 15 psifor 15 mins, then cooled in a water bath at 45-50°C.Twenty milliliters of the prepared medium wasaseptically pour plated into sterilized petri plates in aclean and sanitize chamber.19 | Ventura et al.
J. Bio. & Env. Sci. 2021Antibacterial Activity AssayAntibacterial activity was tested by disc diffusionmethod in which sterilized 6mm filter paper disc wasused. About 100 µL of the bacteria was pipetted intothe media and swabbed with sterile cotton swabs.Furthermore, the filter paper discs were soaked with0.01mL of the streptomycin, ethanol, and thedifferent ethanol plant extracts. Streptomycin and theethanol solvent were used as the positive and negativecontrol, respectively. Plates were incubated at roomtemperature (37ºC) for 24 and 48 hours.Table 1. Collection site of the collected coastal plants.TreatmentsCollection Sites1 2 3 4 5TotalDracaena✓ 2✓fragransPueraria montana✓ ✓ 3✓var. lobataSphagneticola1✓trilobataUrticaceae ✓ ✓ 2Nephrolepis✓ 1cordifoliaPandanaceae ✓ 1Antioxidant Activity AssayThe plant extract samples were analyzed in RiceChemistry and Food Science Division, Philippine RiceResearch Institute, Science City of Muñoz, NuevaEcija, Philippines for the determination of theirantioxidant properties in terms of DPPH RadicalScavenging Assay in trolox equivalent.Results and discussionCoastal Plant Collection SitesFig. 1 showed the map of the coordinates of thecollection sites of the coastal plants. Five 10 x 10 mquadrat were laid in the area in the coast of BarangayDiguisit, Baler, Aurora. Table 1 showed the coastalplants and the collection sites where they can befound growing. Some of the plants can also be foundgrowing in other collection sites (Fig. 2).Fig. 2. Collection sites of the coastal plants; (A)Collection site 1, (B) Collection site 2, (C) Collectionsite 3, (D) Collection site 4, and (E) Collection site 5.Collection site 2 has a sandy-soil substratum whereinS. trilobata invades most of the area along with theUrticaceae that grows in the area.The 3 rd collection site was an area of sand substratumwith vastly growing Pandanaceae along with palmsand trees.Fig. 1. Map of the coordinates of the collection sitesof coastal plants; (A) Collection site 1, (B) Collectionsite 2, (C) Collection site 3, (D) Collection site 4, (E)Collection site 5.The 4 th collection site was located near a waterfallwith large boulders of rocks. P. montana var. lobatawas found creeping in this area. It was a soil-rockysubstratum and located about 3 m from the water atthe coast.Collection site 1 was an area of a rocky-soil and sandsubstratum located about 4 m from the water. D.fragrans, P. montana var. lobata and Urticaceaewere collected in this area.Collection site 5 was located in a more elevated area.The plants collected in this area were N. cordifolia, D.fragrans, Pandanaceae, P. montana var. lobata, andsome trees.20 | Ventura et al.
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Identification and pharmacological properties of coastal plants from Barangay Diguisit, Baler, Aurora | JBES-Vol

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