1816894 Nurin Aqilah Assignment 1

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INTRODUCTIONNanoparticle is submicronic colloidal systems with average diameter ranges from 1 to200nm (Mura et al., 2019) and usually in spherical shape, and knowing as “nanospheres” or“nanocapsules” (Mura et al., 2019). Nanospheres usually makes drug adsorbed or dispersedonto their surface as they are matrix system meanwhile nanocapsules have drug in liquid cavityreservoir surrounded by polymeric shell and they are vesicular system (Mura et al., 2019). Inthis assignment, nanocapsules will be focusing on. In nanocapsules, the water-containing oroil-containing core has shown as the limiting factor to load the drug inside (Mura et al., 2019).Thus, the properties of the drugs need to be determined first for drug encapsulation, so that thedrug remains intact in the nanocapsules and the carrier does not degraded before reaching thetarget site.Poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) (PACA) is one of the functional polymer that has been usedas a nanocapsule for many types of drugs (cited in ). PACA nanoparticles (NP) are also thepromising carriers to across blood-brain barrier (cited in Sulheim et al., 2016) and to cellslocated in solid tumours (cited in Sulheim et al., 2016). In this assignment, the functional designof the PACA polymer as the nanocapsules and the mechanism of PACA nanocapsules releasewill be focusing on.1
FUNCTIONAL DESIGN OF PACAIn article by Vauthier et al., (2007), the authors mentioned that PACA nanoparticles hasversatile properties and compatibility with many pharmaceutical applications, and can cargomany types of drugs. Almost all kind of drugs with different types of molecules such assparingly soluble compounds (e.g.: Indomethacin drug), small water-soluble compounds (e.g.:nucleoside tri phosphates; antiviral drug), the sophisticated drugs of peptides (e.g.: insulin) andoligonucleotides (e.g.: Antisense Anti EWS Fli 1; anticancer drug), have shown successassociation with the PACA nanoparticles (cited in Vauthier et al., 2007) The two lattersophisticated drugs are more considered in nanocapsules than nanospheres (Vauthier et al.,2007).The encapsulation of these types of molecules greatly depends on the solubility of thenanocapsules core materials, such as, poor hydrosoluble compounds in oil-containingnanocapsules, and hydrosoluble compounds in water-containing nanocapsules (cited inVauthier et al., 2007).However, these rules are not applicable for peptides in oil-containing solutions becausesmall peptide (such as glutathione) could not be encapsulated in the system, but big peptide(such as insulin) could be retain in the oil droplets of the nanocapsules core during thesurrounding polymer wall rapid formation (cited in Vauthier et al., 2007). Molecular weightplay important role (cited in Vauthier et al., 2007). Due to the rapid polymerisation ofalkylcyanoacrylate at the oil droplets surface, the big peptide are limited from diffusing out tothe aqueous phase, thus noting the drug efficiency entrapment and remains biologically activeafter the encapsulation (cited in Vauthier et al., 2007). Not only that, ethanol used in preparingnanocapsules seemed to prevent side reaction between monomer and peptide’s risk (cited inVauthier et al., 2007).Water-containing nanocapsules are designed with diameters ranging from 250 to 350nm (cited in Mura et al., 2019) to encapsulate hydrophilic molecules such as oligonucleotidesand small interfering RNA (cited in Mura et al., 2019). The nucleic acids internal localisationinduced better protection against nucleases enzyme compared to the PACA nanospheric simpleadsorption (Mura et al., 2019). The encapsulation of nucleoside was achieved by polycationscoencapsulation that forming ion pair with phosphate nucleosides (cited in Mura et al., 2019).2
Page 1 and 2: SCH 4636DRUG DELIVERY AND APPLICATI
Page 3: GRAPHICAL OVERVIEWNanoparticleNanos
Page 7 and 8: CONCLUSIONIn conclusion, nanopartic

1816894 Nurin Aqilah Assignment 1

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