Above ground biomass and carbon stock estimation of Arroceros Forest Park “The Manila’s Last Lung” using geographic information system (GIS) | JBES

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J. Bio. & Env. Sci. 2021IntroductionForest has a massive role in the ecosystem. It iscomposed of trees that function as a sink for thecarbons available in the atmosphere. This is alsoimportant to human beings as it produces oxygen thatis essential to life. Through continuous collection ofcarbons from the atmosphere, without disturbancesthat will compromise the function of trees and forest,average global temperature will slowly decrease.Without forests negative impact such flash floods andsudden increase in the global temperature wouldlikely to occur. Due to industrialization andmodernization, agricultural areas were prioritizedand forested areas were converted, corals weredecolorizing and degrading from the absorption oftoxic liquid wastes found in the oceans and seas(Dam, J.W., et al., 2011). Another threat to theenvironment was the conversion of forest lands toestablishments for the creation of different kinds oftechnologies for efficient production.On the other hand, urbanization leads to productionof different kinds of ways to efficiently workdevelopmental projects and environmental researchsuch field as Geographic Information System andRemote Sensing. This innovation helps the forestryadapt to modern approach of environment. Urbanestablishments also use the green architecture,different recreational parks and ecotourism sites wereformed for controlling the microclimate of theenvironment as well tourist attraction.Carbons formed due to the process of the carboncycle, the interconnected process in the environment,of carbon atoms, with its component; the atmosphere,the terrestrial biosphere, ocean, sediment as well asthe earth's interior (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2019).According to the Royal Society of Chemistry (2020),Carbon, with an atomic number of six (6) had anatomic weight of 12 u, is widely distributed in everypart of the planet. This element was considered to beone of the important elements discovered on theplanet. Also, it is fourth in terms of abundance in theuniverse through mass and was the second mostabundant element to be found in the human body.In spite of pollution from the carbon, Committee onClimate Change performs different activities in orderto demote the use of technologies that harms theenvironment such as United Nations FrameworkConvention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) a forumcomposed of 195 countries in 1992 focuses on areas ofmitigation of greenhouse gas emissions, reporting ofnational emissions, adapting to climate change, andfinancing the developing countries that promoteclimate action. Another activity is the Kyoto Protocol,wherein 37 industrialized countries committed tolowering their greenhouse gas emission to fivepercent, in the same manner, the United Kingdomvoluntarily reduced their greenhouse gas emissions to12.5% from the year 2008 to 2012. In addition, inDecember 2015 the committee continues negotiationsthat lead to the Paris Agreement compose of 160UNFCCC parties including China, the United States,and the European Union. The main goal of theAgreement is to lessen greenhouse gas emissions andreduce the global average temperature from twodegrees and below.Furthermore, through forest biomass, different parts ofthe tree such as the trunk, bark, leaves, branches, andneedles, carbon are easily sequestered and stored trees.In addition, elements such as carbon are very essentialin plants and will be recycled to be used in the processcalled Photosynthesis, which produces glucose andoxygen. The biomass depends on the size of the forestarea Due to this particular reason, forest land conversionis one of the most dangerous things that humans shouldnot have done because without forest lands, there wouldnot be a huge machine that could face the dangeroustyphoons such as Yolanda. Also, this inappropriateaction could lead to a loss of macronutrients of the soil,as well as micronutrients, and infertility of the particularburned area (Buttler, R. 2012).However, carbon stock estimation is the assessmentof the forest biomass in terms of carbon. Also, carbonstock estimation would tell if a certain forest area hasbecome a huge success in carbon sequestering for anenvironment (Vashum, K, T, 2012). The objective ofthe study is to calculate the aboveground biomass andcarbon stock of the Arroceros Forest Park, Manila.18 | Macaraig et al.
J. Bio. & Env. Sci. 2021Materials and methodsStudy AreaThe City of Manila and Winner Foundation signed amemorandum of agreement on leasing a site for NaturePark as a development project of the privateenvironmental group supported by the first ladyAmelita Ramos which was considered as the “Manila’sLast Lung”, the Arroceros Forest Park, developed in1993 was designed Wilfredo Dizon, a landscapearchitect, found in the Central Terminal of Manila, withcoordinates of 14°35′39″North and 120°58′55″East. Itis a riverside park, located at the central district ofErmita in the Antonio Villegas Street of Barangay 659-a (Lopez, A. 2007). This Forest Park has an area of21,428 square meters, 2.2-hectare urban forest. Thisurban forest is the home of the six different avianspecies namely Yellow-Vented Bulbul (Pycnonotusgoiavier), Long-Tailed Shrike or Rufous-Backed Shrike(Lanius schach), Zebra Dove (Geopelia striata), PiedFantail (Rhipidura nigritorquis), Pacific Swallow(Hirundo tahitica), and the Brown Shrike (Laniuscristatus) (Liuag, N. 2003). In addition, this park has41 different kinds of forest tree species, some of whichwere Acacia auriculiformis, Acacia mangium, Agoho,African tulip, Anahaw, Eucalyptus, Fire Tree and such(Roces, A. February 11, 2003).Procedure of Inventory and Data CollectionThe samples of the research will be taken directlyfrom the site, Arroceros Forest Park. The samplingmethod will be a complete sampling of the entireforest park since this park has an area of two (2.2)hectares only. The duration of data collection was onemonth. Trees with ≥ 10 cm DBH were the datagathered from the Arroceros Forest Park.Measurement of diameter at breast height, totalheight, and identification of tree species, and its’ age,must be collected in order to generate abovegroundbiomass for carbon stock estimation. The area to beinventory will be all the standing tree species insidethe whole forest park (Fig. 2). Species must be greaterthan or equal to 10 centimeters diameter at breastheight. The irregular shape of the forest park has fourcorners and its total area in hectares (2.2 ha).Fig. 2. Components of the Arroceros Forest Park.Fig. 1. Location Map of Arroceros Forest Park.Source (GIS Derived).Data AnalysisIn analyzing the data, instead of using the equation fromBrown, the estimated values would be analyze with thehelp of the formula from the studies of Banaticla for herallometric equation, the Power-Fit. Despite theestimation, Brown's general equation (1997) for biomassestimation overestimates the actual value of biomassbecause the formula was used in the local studies 170diverse tree species while using the destructive sample toestimate the three tropical moist forest regions(Ketterings et al., 2001; van Noordwijk et al., 2002 ascited in Labata M. M., et al., 2012).Y (kg) = exp {-2.134 + 2.53 * ln * D}19 | Macaraig et al.
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Above ground biomass and carbon stock estimation of Arroceros Forest Park “The Manila’s Last Lung” using geographic information system (GIS) | JBES