2022/23 Summer Edition

• Special Issue
Interski
Pamporovo Bulgaria
• Reflections From
Australian Demo Team
• Training Tips
Mindset
• 2019 in Review
Australian Professional Snowsport Instructors
Snow
December2019edition

President’s NOTE
Ant Hill
Success in Japan, Bulgaria & at Home.
apsi snowpro December 2019
The APSI has had an outstanding 2019. The year
started in Japan with continued participation in
courses and exams in Niseko, Hakuba and Moyko.
The relationships with these resorts are pivotal in
assisting to offer our members access to courses
and exams during the summer months. The APSI
is continuing to look for further opportunities for
members during this time in Europe and North
America. One of the key reasons the APSI is able
to establish a presence outside of the southern
hemisphere winter is our continued success at
Interski. Our presence in Japan also enabled the
Demonstration Team to conduct its first overseas
training camp prior to heading to Interski.
Interski is an event I encourage every member to
attend. All members are welcome to attend as an
APSI supporter with the same access to on snow
workshops, indoor lectures and other team events.
The knowledge learnt during Interski is unrivalled and
can expand your own skills and ability. A developing
concept from Interski is for an Asia Pacific conference
with the focus on employment and skill progression
between Australia, New Zealand, Korea, Japan and
China. I encourage you to read all the teams reports
both within this SnowPro and on the APSI’s website.
I would like to thank the team for their contributions
over the past three years and especially this year in
presenting the APSI to the world yet again.
With the previous years record snowfall this year had
high expectations, and we delivered yet again with
participation and trainer promotions increasing in all
disciplines. Nordic had the most percentage growth
with an increase of 74% in participation. I would like to
thank the Technical Directors for all their contributions
this year. The APSI is continuing to look at more
benefits for members, one concept is the introduction
of specific skills camps. This year a race camp and
free skiing camp was offered to members. These
products will continue and we thank all the snow
resorts for their assistance.
Australian Demo Team at the Interski congress in Pamporovo, Bulgaria 2019
The APSI is in transition and is evolving to be more
representative of the membership. Over the past
months there is a level of excitement amongst
members and staff that the APSI is moving forward. A
key change is the new constitution which allows more
ordinary members to be on the Board rather than staff
positions. The process of election will be distributed
to all members in the coming weeks. If you have a
passion for snowsports and snowsports instruction I
encourage you to be involved with APSI.
On behalf of the Board I would like to thank Richard
Hocking, Suzanna Brown, Tiffany Ingle and each
Technical Director for their resilient contributions
throughout the whole year. It is this team that has
worked tirelessly to offer exceptional APSI products
and continued growth of the APSI.
II

CONTENTS
December 2019 EDITION
New APSI Constitution................................................ 2
APSI 2019 Notes......................................................... 3
Treasurer’s Report....................................................... 4
Sodergren Scholarship............................................... 5
InterSki......................................................................... 6
Pamporovo Bulgaria........................................ 9
InterSki Experience........................................ 10
Australian Presentations & Workshops......... 16
Country by Country........................................ 20
Poland............................................................ 20
Germany........................................................ 21
Czech Republic............................................. 22
Slovenia.......................................................... 23
Switzerland.................................................... 24
Austria............................................................ 26
New Zealand................................................. 27
KEY DATES 2019/2020
Discounted 2020 Memberships: Now–31 December 2019
Japan.............................................................28
Netherlands...................................................29
Canada..........................................................30
USA................................................................32
Joe Hession Keynote Lecture.......................35
Levi 2023.......................................................37
Training Tips..............................................................38
Technical Reports......................................................46
Alpine.............................................................46
Snowboard....................................................48
Telemark........................................................50
Adaptive.........................................................51
Nordic............................................................52
2019 Exam Results...................................................54
Head Pro Deals.........................................................60
Sponsors...................................................................62
Cover Photo from PSIA-AASI of our supporter Jarrah Obrien waving the flag at the opening ceremony
Office Closed: 21 December 2019 - 5 January 2020 (Merry Christmas!)
Japan Courses: From 3 February 2020
Japan Exams: From 24 February 2020
Demo Team Applications Due: 1 May 2020
Sodergren Scholarship Applications: Now - 30 April 2020
Rookie Trainer Selection: 2 June 2020 @ Perisher
Annual General Meeting: 3 June 2020
Trainer’s Coordination: 4 June 2020 @ Perisher
Keep an eye on the website for exact dates or any changes!
apsi.net.au/store/calendar
apsi snowpro December 2019
1

apsi snowpro December 2019
2
The current Constitution lists around 10 aims, many operational tasks for the office staff.
- Alpine Technical Director
- Snowboard Technical Director
Aims
- Nordic Technical Aims Director
-Telemark Technical Director
New APSI Constitution
- Adaptive Technical Director
The proposed Constitution reduces the aims to 4 focused on the APSI’s core business –
Quality snow-sport instruction. >>
Richard Hocking
- General Manager
Board Composition
Under the current Constitution most Board - Ski members School Representative are APSI Now staff. This structure excludes many
- Resort Representative
Only staff can fill 6 out 10 voting
members and creates serious conflicts of interest such as staff decide their own Richie pay explains rate and
8 positions so staff get 80%
staff can hold 3 of these positions,
members don’t get a say. The proposed Constitution means better Ordinary Member representation on Board.
Now
2019 was a season of change for
Only the APSI, staff can but fill I hope 6 out 10 for voting all the
members it looked like business
as usual.
Complaints
Six out of
&
7 voting
Grievances
- Alpine Technical Director
positions are
- Snowboard Technical Director
- ASAA Rep
- Nordic Technical Director
positions and may hold as many as
open -Telemark Technical to ordinary Director
>> members though
- General Manager
8 positions so staff get 80%
staff can hold 3 of these positions,
Andy Rae (General Manager for 16 years)
- General Manager
and Lexi (Administration of the votes.
- Ski School Representative
for 8 years) moved
or 43% of the votes. - Technical Director
Under the current Constitution most - Resort Representative
The proposed RepresentativeConstitution give
on for greener pastures and I want to thank
them both for their years Board of dedicated members service are APSI staff. The
authority to the new Complaints a
Ordinary Member APSI Staff External Stakeholders Non-Voting Staff
to the APSI. I also want to thank our Member
proposed Constitution will mean
Grievance Management policy
Services Officer Tiffany Ingle and the Technical
- President
- President
Complaints
>>
& Grievances
Directors for stepping better up and Ordinary taking on extra Member representation
on the Board, reduce Under conflicts the current Constitution most which The proposed can Constitution be continuously gives review
- Vice President
- Treasurer
Now
The
Proposed
policy is a living documen
responsibilities this season.
- Treasurer
We have a new Snowboard Technical Director
Board members are APSI staff. The
authority to the new Complaints and
in Kylie Dwyer who - Alpine has of Technical been interest an Director exemplary in decision-making, proposed and Constitution will mean
Grievance to Management reflect policy.
>>
best practice.
better Ordinary Member representation
a on great-
the Board, reduce conflicts
which can be continuously reviewed
The policy is a living document
addition to both - the Snowboard Board of Technical Directors Director and
- ASAA Rep
allow for more diversity and
Snowboarding this - Nordic season. Technical Director
of interest in decision-making, and
to reflect best practice.
>>
The biggest change
-Telemark
to happen
Technical
this
Director er skill set. allow for more diversity and a greater
skill set.
season
was the adoption - Adaptive of a new Technical constitution Director which
has bought in 4 significant - General Manager changes. The board
- Ordinary Member
was mainly composed of positions for staff
Electronic Voting
members. To better represent the membership
The current Constitution does not allow electronic voting. The proposed constitution will allow members to vote on
the new board will have three positions
- General Manager
issues at an Annual General Meeting or Special General Meeting using modern technology. This gives members
- Ski School Representative
who can’t attend meetings greater opportunity
exclusively for members. Details on how to
- Technical to participate Director in decision making.
apply for the board - Resort The will current be Representative released Constitution soon. does not allow electronic voting. The proposed Representative constitution will allow members to
The constitution has issues been amended at an Annual to be General best Meeting or Special General Meeting using modern technology. This gives m
practice for managing workplace complaints
Membership has grown significantly. To make sure isn’t too difficult for members to call a Special General
who can’t attend meetings greater opportunity participate decision making.
and grievances. A petition of less members is Call for Meeting the Special number of signatures required General has been reduced Meeting
from
Ordinary Member APSI Staff External Stakeholders Non-Voting Staff
now required to call a Special General Meeting
10% (about 140 members) 5% (about 70 members).
to make it easier for the membership to be
involved
Complaints their APSI.
Special & Grievances
General Meetings
The APSI may now take advantage of
electronic voting for General Meetings to
make it easier for the membership to be
>>
involved in important Nowdecisions.
Proposed
Membership has grown significantly. To make sure it isn’t too difficult for members to call a Special G
Under the current Constitution most Meeting the number of The signatures proposed required Constitution has been reduced gives from
Board members are APSI staff. The
proposed Constitution will mean
- Treasurer
Now
The APSI Needs a New Constitution
The APSI needs your vote to make important changes to our Constitution.
The current Constitution lists around 10 aims, many operational tasks for the office staff.
The proposed Constitution reduces the aims to 4 focused on the APSI’s core business –
Quality snow-sport instruction.
Board Composition x3
Under the current Constitution most Board members are APSI staff. This structure excludes many
members and creates serious conflicts of interest such as staff decide their own pay rate and
members don’t get a say. The proposed Constitution means better Ordinary Member representation on the Board.
Six out of 7 voting positions are
positions and may hold as many as
open to ordinary members though
Board of the votes. Composition
or 43% of the votes.
x3
Proposed
authority 15 to the new Complaints 30and
10% (about 140 members) 5% (about 70 member
Grievance Management policy.
- Treasurer
- ASAA Rep
- Ordinary Member
- General Manager
- Technical Director
Representative
Ordinary Member APSI Staff External Stakeholders Non-Voting Staff
- President
- Treasurer
- Adaptive Technical Director
x3
Electronic Voting
Special General Meetings
A quorum for a special meeting has been raised from
Proposed
- President
- Vice President
- Treasurer
Proposed
- Ordinary Member

ep
y Member
l Manager
al Director
entative
APSI 2019 NOTES
Richard Jameson
Farewells, Exciting Reboots &
International Exchange at Interski
taff
On a management front, the APSI board continues
to seek ways to better service our members with
educational offerings, better communication
s
strategies and overall a more efficient structure
for the association to continue to stay at the
cutting edge of industries worldwide. With the
recent changes to the APSI constitution, board of
management structure and some long standing staff
members moving on to other roles in the industry,
tion gives
we really find ourselves in a time of change. I’d like
plaints and to again acknowledge and thank Andy and Lexi for
their years of dedicated service to the APSI. Although
nt policy.
their presence will be missed their contributions will
ocument continue to last well into the future.
ly reviewed It’s an exciting time to re-boot for the APSI team
and association as a whole and I can re-assure all
tice. of our members that there are many dedicated and
passionate individuals who picked up the reigns
and got us through this bumpy season of change.
There’s some really positive work being done behind
the scenes on many tangible projects both in the
technical team and management team which will
have a compounding result in the years ahead. I
would really like to commend our new office team
this year of Richard Hocking, Tiff Ingle and Suzanna
Brown for doing an amazing job with very little time
mbers to vote and on guidance in the transition. It was a pleasure to
s gives members
.
gs
Farewell to APSI staff members Andrew
Rae and Alexia Colville and welcome to
our new member services administrator
Tiff Ingle.
work through this time of change with you and look
forward to growing things in the years ahead.
It was not only a huge year for us on a domestic front
but some goals were also being kicked internationally
with our certification products for members in the
international schools of Japan and with the National
Demo Team preparing, training and attending the
Interski congress in Pamporovo, Bulgaria. If you
haven’t had a chance follow some of the team’s
reports online, I hope you find this special “Interski”
edition of the Snowpro thought provoking.
Challenging our ideals and evolving as snow sport
professionals is something we are proud of in the
APSI and I’m happy to report this is still alive and
well in our association today.
apsi snowpro December 2019
pecial General
Australian Demo Team and APSI Supporters at the Interski congress in Pamporovo, Bulgaria
mbers).
3

Treasurer’s Report
Deborah Meehan
Because we have years like this year
apsi snowpro December 2019
Changes put in place to benefit members as well
as office and training staff are not without their
costs. In addition to the unforeseen farewells of core
office staff have also necessitated adjustments to
this years budget allocations. The APSI will make
a paper loss this year due spending of previous
years savings, which is accounted for as a cost this
year. The board will continue to actively manage the
changes to return the organisation to the surplus we
have enjoyed for the last decade.
The board has continued to delay any price
increases for the last five years whilst introducing the
following innovations:
• Each snow-sport discipline allocated some of
the APSI’s net profit for discretionary spending.
• A fairer method of calculating the funds that go
to Interski.
• Trainer and office staff wages increases to reflect
increases in the cost of living as well as the evergrowing
workload.
• Employment of a part-time administrative
assistant
• APSI financials/bookkeeping moved to Xero.
• Trainer meals paid as allowances rather than by
reimbursement.
• Design of an APSI Awards program to recognise
members and trainers for their achievements.
Operations
$444K wages
$144K course costs
$12K rent
$11K bank charges
$16K insurance
Income - $7380
The 2019 payroll bill increased due to a planned
raise of trainer wages and changes to how meal
allowances are paid. Accommodation rates for
travelling trainers continues to increase and has
added significantly to operating costs this winter.
Interski also cost more than anticipated.
The departure of our long-serving General Manager
and Member Services officer also incurred
unexpected extra costs. As required by legislation
the APSI paid departing staff the balance of
their annual and long service. Payroll has been
outsourced adding to this years expense.
On a brighter note, income from APSI operations in
Japan has made a large contribution to net profit
over the last decade. Although we can expect this
income to drop in 2020, our japan endeavours
continue to be a buffer during a year of flux.
This is why the APSI maintain a surplus in the bank,
for years like this.
Other Expenses
$28K app & website
$26K manuals
$73K interski
$10K SnowPro
$11K investigation, promotion
Loss (unaudited) = $81000
4

SODERGREN SCHOLARSHIP
THE APSI OFFERS A SCHOLARSHIP TO RECOGNISE THE FUTURE
TOP SNOWSPORTS INSTRUCTORS WITHIN OUR RESORTS.
In 1997, the APSI Board of Management established the Sodergren Scholarships
in memory of Mike and Mim Sodergren, senior APSI trainers/examiners who where
tragically lost in the Thredbo landslide.
SCHOLARSHIPS ARE OFFERED FOR THE FOLLOWING DISCIPLINES:
• Alpine
• Snowboard
• Other (Nordic, Telemark, Adaptive)
Scholarship recipients have all their course and exam fees covered by APSI for a season.
Once again, we received many outstanding applications for the 2019 scholarships.
However, congratulations must be given to this year’s recipients:
Alpine: Jessica Haslau
Snowboard: Sam Hamilton
Applications for next year’s Sodergren Scholarships are open until
Note from the Drummer
Dr V
30 April 2020. Check out the website for more info or to apply!
apsi.net.au/members/sodergren-scholarship
That’s what I like to call the graphics dude in the
design buis. Here is a sneaky note (see if anyone
notices) to say how much I enjoyed laying out the
narrative of your year. The APSI members look
like a diverse and immersive community that are
embracing their dynamic and fluid cross disciplinary
appeal and international out reach. Athletic, joyous
and keeping the winter wonderland alive.
Merry festivities and whishing Huey bring you lots of
snow!
apsi snowpro December 2019
5

Interski
6apsi snowproDecember 2019
Interski showcases the world’s best
snowsports instructors from all
snowsports areas across the globe.
Interski participation is like Christmas for snowsports
instructors. I have been very fortunate to represent
Australia in Korea, Austria, Argentina and most
recently in Bulgaria. Interski was first held in
1951 in Zurs, Austria and in my experience has
only continued to grow in participation and more
importantly the quality and quantity of information
shared by each country. To provide some insight
I have shared some moments of each Interski to
entice you to be with the Team in Levi 2023.
Korea - Yongpyong This was Australia’s biggest team
sent to an Interski yet and everything was classically
Korean. Sleeping on wooden floors, weird dried fish
everywhere and late night ten pin bowling. Crazy but
in all the good ways. Looking back the best thing
about this Interski was that all the events: the snow;
presentations and lectures were accessed on foot,
in one village which allowed a lot of organic bonding
and no need for transport – a huge plus given the
amount of events that are on during the week. The
highlight was seeing the Koreans in full flight with
Ant Hill
over 40 demonstrators and an amazing night show.
Austria – St. Anton The famous St. Anton. Still one
village approach, however events were slightly more
spread out and much longer on snow workshops (4
hour clinics) which limited the amount you could see.
The atmosphere and night shows were amazing.
We also had a growing number of supporters at
this Interski and it was great to get a few more
cheers after our demonstration runs. A personal
highlight was skiing the slalom hill that I had once
raced a long time ago which was the demonstration
hill. Given the lecture facilities within St. Anton a
number of keynote lectures provided wider industry
insights. A consistent theme was the focus on the
guest and guest experience. I attend the majority of
the Scandinavian countries which also had a large
emphasis on what the APSI would call “soft focus”
aspects of snowsports. Korea was an eye opener
and my experience with Austria and particularly the
soft focus aspects that I learnt from other countries,
assisted my teaching and approach to guests.

Argentina – Ushuaia The end of the world… what
an experience… this was a challenge however
Australia was coming off an impressive showing
in Austria with strong on snow and off snow
presentations so it felt like we were a target
country to learn from. We had our largest on snow
workshop attendance and continued to move
up the so called ranks. Whilst the event is not a
competition, benchmarking does seem to take
place. There was a lot of travelling both to and
from and during the event, yet the experience and
vastness of the wilderness is not going to be on
your doorstep. Again our supporter number grew
and most took the time to travel before and after
the event seeing the sights of South America.
Bulgaria - Pamporovo From the most southern tip
of the world to Eastern Europe. Bulgaria was back
to a somewhat normal set up, short clinics, short
ride to the hill and central village for lectures. One
of the highlights was meeting a number of the
other nations Presidents as I attended more of the
Interski Pamporovo 2019 voting for Levi
larger general industry focused events. This included
meeting with the Asian and New Zealand Presidents
discussing a potential biannual wider industry
focused congress potentially in Japan.
In April 2020 Japan will host the Associations in what
is being labelled “Asia Pacific Snow Summit”, this is
a first step to collaborative approach between the
nations Associations.
Interski is for any snowsports enthusiasts and I can’t
wait for the next one. More information about Levi
2023 can be found on our website.
apsi snowpro December 2019
7

Dare To Be
Different
A balance of function,
design and performance
makes finding a Karbon
garment to compliment
an active lifestyle the
obvious choice.
PROUD SUPPLIERS
TO THE APSI 2019
INTERSKI TEAM

Interski
Pamporovo
Bulgaria
Interski, 17-22 March 2019
Pamporovo Bulgaria.
Richard Jameson
The kangaroo flag soars to indicate the start of the APSI on
snow clinics at the base of the Snezhanka tower
The international snow sport instructing world comes
together at the Interski congress held once every 4
years and Pamporovo ski resort in southern Bulgaria
was our host this March. Hopefully you were able to
follow the team through some of our social channels
during the event and get the opportunity to catch
up on what was learnt through various articles on
the APSI website and here in this edition of the
Snowpro. It’s immensely important to our Australian
industry to remain involved at Interski, not only to
share with the world our beliefs and methodologies
but also to harness new thoughts, innovations and
trends happening across the globe. The knowledge
gained has a profound effect on keeping our industry
relevant with the ultimate beneficiaries being our
resort guests out there sliding down the Aussie
mountains.
I would like to take this moment to thank the whole
APSI Demo Team for their dedication to this cause.
It takes a lot of motivation and volunteer hours to
commit to this 4 year term and without a doubt they
all represented themselves, our association and the
entire country well.
Our teams took an overarching theme of “Training
Versatile Instructors the Australian way”.
apsi snowpro
9

Demo
Team
Tom Langtry
The Australian Alpine Team doing us all proud in Pamporovo, Bulgaria
apsi snowpro
10
Australian’s Interski Preparation &
Performance
For those that are interested in trying out for the
2020-2023 Demo Team, and for anyone that wants
an insight into our training and preparation leading
into our performance at Interski Bulgaria 2019.
Please also see the video of our Demo runs at -
https://youtu.be/jIMwDwN7p2M
2016 - Demo Team Tryouts The display of skiing and
presenting talent shown by so many APSI members
at the tryouts was very inspiring. It is encouraging to
see what a strong and passionate group we have.
After the skiing and on-snow presentations finished
we had impromptu indoor presentations. Pulling
a question out of the hat, we had two minutes to
prepare, and then present in front of the room of
around 60+ on the topic. What an experience.
2017 - Initial Training in Falls Creek the team got
together in Falls Creek during the winter for our first
full team training.
As Manager and Head Coach, Andy Rae started the
first day’s meeting with all disciplines together, and
then we broke into our disciplines to start getting
ideas together.
Richo (Alpine Team Coach) started by reviewing our
emailed feedback from over summer, asking us what
we thought good performance skiing was, and what
elements we liked in each other’s skiing. We came
up with some common words ‘dynamic’, ‘smooth’
and ‘powerful’.
Then on Scott’s run we skied a variety of skiing tasks.
The weather was tough, with sleet, strong winds and
low visibility. Perfect APSI training weather. Richo
had a few lines of blue dye marked down the run
and we did medium turns between two, and short
turns between another two. The focus was on the
external outcome of skiing dynamically between the
lines rather than the picture. We were only able to get
about two turns on video before we disappeared into
the fog and rain.
2017 - Planning our On-Snow Presentations Andy
got all disciplines together to discuss what we would
like to present on-snow. Formulating a concept from
the strengths of the APSI and points of difference

to other countries. Key ideas where that we train
well-rounded instructors with a balance of good ski
technique and strong teaching methodology. This
then lead to the term ‘Versatile’ instructors. Leading
to our two final on-snow presentation topics – how
we train our instructors in ‘Versatility in Teaching’ &
‘Versatility in Skiing’: We have a strong framework
for our system (New Fundamental Mechanics
& 9 Essentials for teaching) and (the 4 Skills &
Performance Model for skiing). Then we promote
our instructors to use versatility and creativity in their
lessons while using the framework as a base.
2017 - Planning our Demo Runs As an Alpine group
we looked at video of demo teams at previous
Interski events. We talked about which elements of
the different runs we liked, and why. We decided
that simple counts (the no. of short/mediums
before a change) with crossing diamond and snake
formations looked the best, while also being easier
to achieve. We decided it was better to do simple
routines that look good with a higher chance of
getting it right, than more complex routines that are
more likely to have mistakes.
2018 - Practicing our Demo Runs Once we figured
out our 4 different routines it was time to practice.
Quite hilarious at first, and anyone that’s done
formation skiing before will know what I’m talking
about. Even though we’re all good skiers, there were
many a wrong turns, miscounts and what probably
looked like some group free skiing. First quote of the
day was from Chris Allen “Let’s just adjust on the fly.”
After failing dismally on the first few attempts, we got
together at the bottom of the slope. With skis off we
stood and walked through the routine in our boots.
We did it a few times till we got it right. Then on skis
again, it worked much better.
We then worked on our set-up and spacing. Starting
in a straight line with two pole-lengths distance apart,
then measure out sideways with ski lengths until we
were in position. For our routine starting in a straight
line, Michaela Patton was at the rear and would get
us all straight, sighting down past me the lead skier,
to our fall-line at the bottom of the slope. Once we
had all this set, we began to get a feel for the rhythm,
speed and amount of deflection. Chris was on a roll
with the quotes, and so on one formation he was
leading: “So are we stopping on ‘One’ or stopping on
‘Stop’?”
2019 - So how was our performance at Interski?
The snow conditions for our demo runs were very
challenging. We had three performance times:
1. The opening ceremony was super soft and
choppy.
2. The night show was even softer and choppier.
3. Our performance day was very firm/icy with
bumpy grooming lines.
So overall, we performed our runs well. We had a
few mistakes but recovered well. We had some good
comments from other teams about our skiing and
formations.
What were the highlights of our demo runs? For me
it was lining up at the start, with other nations at the
top. The feeling of electricity (and nerves) in the air,
and the noise from the crowd reaching up to us from
the bottom of the slope.
It was also the second run, our night show, where
we did the double-headed snake. It was high speed
down the steep top section of the run, skiing as
tight behind each other as we could, and bouncing
across the very choppy short turn tracks of all the
other teams that had gone down the middle. Not
often feeling in control or on the outside ski but we
managed to hold it together and ski well.
On-Snow Presentations At Interski We presented in
pairs, with Chris & I, and Richo & Michaela running
our ‘Versatility in Teaching’ clinics. Then Paul & Nick,
and Ant & Shauna ran ‘Versatility in Skiing’. We
had a very good turn out from other countries, with
between 20 and 40 at each of our groups. This was
very encouraging, as it is an indication that other
countries are interested in Australian snowsports
training, and that our on-snow performance and
marketing material had all done their job.
By chance all four Aussie groups happened to go
down the same first run, and so our class handling
was put to the test! Our ‘Versatility in Teaching’
included talking about our New Fundamental
Mechanics (NFM), and how we use this as the base
for teaching our guests new turn types. We look at
numerous different ways to teach the NFM to suit the
snow conditions, terrain and abilities of our guests,
promoting variety and creativity in our instructors.
For each example, we presented 2 ways one steep
and the other on flat terrain. Then in pairs we asked
participants to show each other how they would
teach that same mechanic in their home country.
The highlight was undoubtedly getting a round of
applause for a demo of a snowplough wedeln into a
basic short turn. It definitely wasn’t that good.
apsi snowpro December 2019
11

Atmosphere
& Rapport
Paul Lorenz
apsi snowpro December 2019
Observations From My 3rd INTERSKI
Attendance
Each INTERSKI congress has had a unique and
interesting dynamic between countries. The first
INTERSKI that I attended was hosted by St. Anton,
one of the more iconic Austrian resorts and very
close to St. Christoph, the home of ski instruction.
This in itself was a humbling experience. The level of
skiing was incredibly high and everyone was there
to prove to the world that they were the best - a little
scary to a “newby” like myself.
My second INTERSKI, held in Ushuaia, Argentina
the dynamic was a little less intimidating than St.
Anton. The venues were hard to find, the schedule
was incredibly tight and the length of on-snow clinics
(4hours – 1 per day) meant it wasn’t possible to
attend all of the countries originally intended. Team
members from all countries were very fatigued
and came together to vent frustration about the
difficulties. It seemed less about sharing and more
about just being on time to get through the content.
In contrast, this INTERSKI 2019, felt the most
conducive to the sharing of information. When
standing at the top of the demo slope at the opening
ceremony it was clear that teams were there to
make new friends and share as much as possible. It
was a flurry of different coloured uniforms all mixed
together with no separation between teams...with the
exception of Austria. They stood in a circle with their
backs facing outward talking amongst themselves.
This attitude was quickly noted by everyone and I
think the fact that Italy and France did not attend this
Interski (who can also come across rather insular)
helped contribute to the sharing and breaking down
of barriers between countries. This initial opening
ceremony really set the tone for the week and
facilitated a strong camaraderie between teams. The
collaborative environment was very much felt in the
following days during the on-snow workshops. There
seemed to be fewer instances of presenters being
challenged in comparison with previous congresses.
Technical Observation I have always felt that the
major difference between countries has been the way
they transition between turns and Pamporovo was
no different. The more traditional countries (mostly
European) are all about heavy up and forward
movements during the transition/edge change. The
newer or more progressive countries (USA, Canada,
Australia, Korea, Japan, Argentina, Chile, New
Zealand etc.) are using transitions to meet a specific
objective. In some cases this would be considered
a lower, more compact transition with a direct travel
of the Centre of Mass across the skis when the ski
performance is greater. These contrasting transition
types seem to separate many countries and are often
the basis of disagreements when sharing technical
ideas. That said, I was very impressed to hear that
12

Images top to bottom:
• Bulgarian demo team preparing for night
show
• Our friends the demo team San Marino
• Paul Lorenz with one of the Korean Demo
team coach.
Austria, while still promoting an up and forward
transition, did focus less on the up, and more on the
forward direction towards the inside of the next turn
as their performance increases. This small change in
description was my first glimpse of one of the skiing
‘super powers’ being open to technical evolution,
which was great to see.
Personal Takeaway While the congresses will always
differ, I feel that we as individuals change in what we
expect, how we receive information and our purpose
for attending. My first INTERSKI opened a door to a
level of skiing that was new to me. I was in awe of
the skiing and my goal was to learn as much about
detailed technical concepts from the top skiing
nations.
The level of skiing at the 2nd INTERSKI while less
mind blowing, my goal was to dig deeper on how
other countries privatised and communicated the
technical information when teaching guests. New
ideas, concepts, progressions, tactics and exercises
were all very inspiring to me. “WHY” the country
was presenting these as a means to improve skiing
developed my teaching and training incredibly.
I had no specific objective for my 3rd INTERSKI 2019
in Pamporovo Bulgaria and was open minded about
what I might learn - in itself the biggest “take away”
for me. The event facilitated my improvement in
translating what was being delivered (however weird
or wacky it seemed) into words and concepts that
we use in Australia. Finding similarities helped me
understand where the presenter was coming from
and allowed me to be far more open to what was
being presented. I actively learned more from each
country by objectively determine how these different
methods could benefit our organisation, even if it
seemed to contradict our beliefs. Broadening our
understanding of methods are usually the catalyst for
improvement if one is open enough to differences.
Another major takeaway for me was the motivation
and interest from several major countries (USA and
Switzerland) to work out how to capture the market
of skiers that don’t want lessons. It seems that this
market consists of mainly adult, higher level skiers.
USA has always adapted very well to new trends
and changes. In one key note lecture, Joe Hession,
Terrain Based Learning guru, shared his research
into current learning trends - see page 37
All in all I feel this INTERSKI 2019 experience was
the most educational for me. Perhaps as my 3rd
congress gave me the ability to look at the content
more objectively without being overwhelmed. Maybe
due to the organisation and operational efficiency.
Ultimately I encourage any snowsports enthusiast
to attend an INTERSKI congress whether on a team
or not. All attendees have access to all of the events
just like a regular team member! My Mum and Dad
came along and had a blast (and it wasn’t their
first). Levi INTERSKI in 2023 will be one not to miss
and I hope to see you there!
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Go to
Interski
Interski is an incredible week
of meeting the best snowsports
instructors in the world.
Bulgaria was the first conference I attended, and
I took a few gems away. A few months after the
conference I can see the incredible impact it has had
on my career, my understanding of my profession
and the amount of useful knowledge gained. The
utility of the week cannot be understated.
Such utility came from a clinic attended on the first
day of the conference by the BASI Alpine team.
Mark, the presenter, proposed the idea that there
are more relevant things to consider while assessing
and training instructors than just focussing on
the “hard skills.” Mark was referring to what we
in the APSI would call our “Soft focus”, that is,
psychological, physical, equipment and terrain
Adam Rigby
‘We would love to see you at the next Interski event,
location: Levi, Finland 2023’
factors. We discussed at length some of these areas
of development and how something as simple an
error in equipment maintenance or set-up can have
a large hindrance on someone’s ability to perform
the skills. This presentation was a big eye opener
to me as a trainer and examiner because I had to
consider the biggest “soft focus” areas that my
knowledge may be lacking in. Do I have enough of
an understanding around physical attributes and
their affect on the skills? Do I truly understand the
impact that fear and inhibition play on a rider? These
introspective thoughts were the most important part
of this clinic and since then I have been working
hard to develop my knowledge in some of these
blind spots. That’s where Interski really has utility,
it exposes the blind spots in your knowledge, and
helps you think in a different way.
The Bulgarian team showed us a different way to
teach new riders. They introduced the concept
of a freestyle interwoven beginner progression.
Immediately, this concept seemed strange. The
clinic introduced freestyle straight away through
one-foot straight glides, both in switch and regular,
switch J turns and sliding 180s. The idea was that
the feeling of riding southpaw would help to create
a more versatile rider even if the initial progression
was more difficult. This concept was initially a hard
one to swallow, teaching advanced concepts to
riders that were so new to the sport. However, the
concept challenged me, got me thinking: Is our
beginner progression really the most effective and
fool-proof way to create a strong rider? These ideas
are important to have running through your mind,
especially if you have been teaching for a long time.
Constant consideration and evolution are the life of
the snowsports industry. New ideas are presented
every day during the week, some of them don’t stick
Snowboard Demo team members Kylie
& Adam during their on snow workshop
‘Creating versatility in instructors and Riders
but some of them will go on to become the bread
and butter future progressions. Young ideas can only
be implemented when they are heard.
As a young person at Interski there is no limit to

the knowledge you can take away. Having been
in the industry for only 7 years Interski wasn’t just
presenting Australia’s ideas and perspective, it was
learning from other countries and being challenged
on what I think is relevant. Each day was a constant
reminder that I don’t know it all, there is an incredible
amount to learn and there are endless ideas to take
away.
You too can attend Interski, anyone can attend! If
you love snowsports, innovation and seeing what
the world is doing, I would recommend putting this
event in your calendar. There is no greater place
Free
to Lurk
I would rate it as one of my all-time
best life experiences.
I was extremely grateful and honoured to represent
APSI Telemark at Interski Pamporovo.
It all started skiing down a very firm Scott’s run
at Falls Creek back in 2016 during the selection
process. Thankfully, I could tip it and grip it enough
at the required level and performance to be able to
become a team member and participate it some very
memorable runs on the demo slope at Pamporovo!
Preparation for the event over the last few years had
been great with the various team training and Spring
Sessions. The Japan training really helped with last
minute preparation and team bonding.
After all that preparation it was finally time to attend
Interski. Arriving at Pamporovo was where it all finally
became very real. I was very proud and inspired
seeing all these great Telemarkers from all around
the world. Our first day was spent getting familiar
with the terrain and practicing on the demo slope. It
was probably the steepest groomed run I had ever
skied, and my jetlagged legs were shaking at the
top! Luckily the nerves got better after a few runs!
The opening ceremony and demo run by all the
nations was fantastic to be a part of and had me
to test your knowledge and discuss new concepts
with the best of the best. If you want to create better
instructors and see what the world is doing, go to
Interski! If you are not a representative on the next
Australian Demo Team, you can attend Interski as a
supporter of the team. You will attend all the onsnow
workshops and indoor presentations from any
country you wish to see, you will attend all the social
functions, key note lectures and you will be side by
side with the Australian Team throughout the entire
event!
Our supporters in Bulgaria were the backbone of
our team, go to Interski! .
Ben Jackson
See the Lurk or Alpenstock in the Germany report on p.23
pumped for a great week. During the week I was
able to attend many on snow and indoor workshops
from Austria, Poland, New Zealand, Switzerland,
Germany, Canada and the USA. Even better was
presenting Australia’s clinic and lecture. It was so
great presenting to the world about the versatility of
the Australian Telemark Movement and Performance
Model. Watching and performing in the Night Shows
through the week was a huge highlight as well.
Some of the best times were the apres socials and
Tele get-togethers. It was great to be able to chat to
other Telemark instructors, network and make some
great friends. Amazingly most of them teach other
disciplines like us in Australia and are concerned that
more needs to be done to make telemarking more
popular as a fun snowsport. On the last day during
some free time all the telemarkers got together for a
ski to do some technical comparison videos. I was
paired up with Andreas from Austria and had a great
afternoon ripping around doing our best short and
medium turns.
Thanks to our members, supporters and sponsors
that helped us over the last four years. Cheers to
Graham Hammond, Tom Gellie, Richard Hocking,
Andy Rae and Bruce Easton for mentoring and
guiding me over the last decade and getting me to
Interski! Looking forward to Levi in 2023!
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Sharing
Process
Richard JameSon
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how we develop versatile
instructors and skiers
The Alpine team delivered 2 on-snow presentations
and 1 indoor lecture about how we develop versatile
instructors and skiers by adapting to all the variables
we face in such a unique snow sports environment
and industry. The content was well received by
the other nations and carried out with impeccable
professionalism you would expect from our D-team
members. If you would like to read more on what the
team delivered to the world you can find all resources
on our APSI site at:
www.apsi.net.au/demo_team/interski_2019/alpine
I always get asked when visiting the resorts after
such a monumental event, “what changes do you
think we will make/implement after attending”. It’s
always difficult to say, as rather than just adopting
what we saw, the most profound changes come
from digesting this information and coming up with
the way “WE” want to do things moving forward. It
therefore can be more of a subtle evolution over
time on how we want to adapt our already strong
systems/process’s to take on board the elements
we think could complement them. What we can tell
you is that discussions through the season and at
national team training included a focus on some of
the following:
Switzerland was a team all of our alpine members
looked at for a balanced outcome of great strength/
performance with free movements that flowed
really well. The skiing was a great combination of
performance and natural movement.
Team USA and the breaking out of people skills
as a pillar of great instructing. Ultimately defining
one element that can and should be trained and is
arguably the most important component a guest is
looking for when skiing with an instructor.
Japans programs to foster involvement at higher
level lessons and how Australia might be able to
work more closely together on a national program
that could foster this participation in the resorts.
How do we make snowsports addictive to capture
our first time guests turning them into lifelong snow
enthusiasts? Through a combination of different
types of fun, easy, hard, people and social.

Melting
Pot
A Collaborative Adaptive Melting-Pot
There was amazing representation of Adaptive
trainers at the 2019 Interski congress in Bulgaria.
Speaking with other nations Demo team members
who had been to several Interski’s for adaptive, they
roundly said that this year representation was by far
the biggest and best ever for the adaptive sector. As
it was my first time at the congress I was so excited
to meet, and ski with the other delegation countries
and share what adaptive snowsports has to offer in
Australia.
The presenters from both the US and British ski
association teamed up on day one to showcase
how they base their Adaptive systems from a solid
base of Alpine and Snowboarding skills. This focus
on fundamentals proved to be a common and
continuing theme for a lot of Adaptive presentations
over the week, with both New Zealand and Canada,
as well as my own on snow workshop bringing in lots
PSIA-AASI/BASI collaborative
workshop in action
Tom Hodges
The ‘International Adaptive Multi-Sport Demo Team’ pose
for a photo after the APSI on snow workshop at Interski
2019 Bulgaria.
of ideas and concepts from mainstream instruction
and how they relate to the adaptive discipline.
Ski Inclusion is a British based ski travel company
that provides services to be people with disabilities
to travel to resorts all around Europe. They came
to Interski with 4 students of mixed abilities. I
spend a little time with each of their guides and
students between workshop events to get to know
their systems and join in on the fun. It was great to
see a company similar in many ways to Disabled
Wintersport Australia getting out there among the
mountains in Bulgaria and having an absolute ball!
The Bulgarian Demo team as the host, was by far
the largest team at Interski and included a young sit
skier named Vlady. While he was still an beginner/
intermediate sit skier, he clearly has potential and his
passion for the sport was clear. I was able to spend
a little bit of time with him and his coaches working
on a synchro pass that he later put into action at
the closing ceremony to raucous support from the
large crowd. See adaptive reports on Poland p.22,
Netherlands p.31 & Canada p.32
I gave two presentations at Interski, one indoor
lecture and an on snow workshop. For the on
snow workshop I utilised a sit ski from Disabled
Wintersport Australia to demonstrate how the
Australian fundamentals of Stance, Rotatory, Edging
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and Pressure control relate to the seated adaptive
skier. I also spoke on our performance system and
how we strive to achieve constant control through
varied terrain with 3 ideal performances, Steered,
Carved and Pure Carved turns. For the indoor
lecture I introduced Adaptive snowsports in Australia
and spoke to the philosophy of APSI adaptive
snowsports being 1, Snowsports are for everybody.
2, Focus on a persons Abilities and their Goals. And
3, to Promote Independence. I introduced the group
to the APSI 9 lessons essentials and dived deeper
into how we can best identify a students goal and
plan for a successful adaptive lesson. Finishing with
an overview of the APSI app.
Overall Interski in Bulgaria from the Adaptive point
of view was an amazing melting pot of different
nations and associations ideas on snowsports,
students and instructing tactics. It was humbling
to see so many amazing coaches, instructors,
trainers, demonstrators, and athletes all working
toward a common goal of the betterment of adaptive
snowsports. While words and phases differed
between countries, there were vastly more similarities
than differences in philosophies and methodology for
teaching adaptive students.
And with the strongest adaptive representation
ever at Interski the future looks bright for Adaptive
Snowsports here in Australia and all over the world.
P
T
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Versatile
Movement
Australian Telemark is fairly
unique in how it utilises a telemark
movement, rather than a lead change.
Exploring how we adapt the telemark movement to
differing conditions, terrain and turn performances
was a perfect fit for the Demo Team theme of
‘Versatility’ for the on snow Presentation.
The workshop began by defining the different ways
we can make the telemark movement and how those
changes impact on the skiers balance, steering,
edging and pressure control. We then explored why
we think certain changes in the telemark movement
are a good way to ski in different situations.
We started with the basic telemark turn which uses a
slow movement and a taller style to take advantage
of leg turning mechanics when we don’t need much
stability. Then we explored carving and pure carving
where the movement became faster and pressure
moved to the front ski for better edging and more
stability.
Finally we moved off piste where I was thankful for
the local knowledge of the Team’s Bulgarian minder
Elka Vasileva who helped me find some classic
terrible Australian snow. It was sticky, rotten boot
deep snow, with the added variable of tree moss
which was very sticky. We skied this with a quick
Richard Hocking
movement, low style and as much weight as possible
on the back ski for stability.
You can see a video of the workshop by Canadian
Demo Team Member Yas Kawasaki
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FcsD0bZaIoI&t=2s
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Push
Train
First time the APSI had two Nordic
delegates participating in an
Interski
Interski 2019 Pamporovo presented a series of firsts.
My first time representing the APSI as one of the
Nordic delegates on the Australian Demo Team. I
was super excited and honoured to be chosen to
represent APSI Nordic, along with Zac Zaharias,
and I found the experience to be more than I had
expected. To be able to ski, mingle and have in
depth discussions centred around technical and
teaching theories with the Worlds’ best Trainers was
an uplifting and motivating experience.
It was the first time that APSI Nordic had participated
in the Closing Demonstration Show! Participating in a
short Syncro during the Closing night’s Show was an
absolute buzz!
Our On-snow Workshop was on Approaches of
Teaching Basic Skate. Zac and I presented two
approaches (1) The Push-Train and (2) Half- Skate/
Marathon Skate. We had an open discussion with
the participants about what they thought of the drill
and their experience doing them. We received great
feedback on improvements and other drills countries
use.
The Push Train drill for correct V position and
edging: The Czech delegate suggested we use
poles to increase the distance between the two
skiers, so the pusher doesn’t stand on the “train’s”
skis. The USA use a similar drill but they pull a skier
along using poles. This also reinforces edging to
push-off to be able to pull someone along.
Speed Skater low stance,compression, power, flat
ski: the Swiss suggested to use the swinging arms
with flat hands facing up to reinforce a flat ski. Whilst
the Hungarian contingent, suggested flat hands
Jane Scheer
facing down, representing the base of our ski, was
better for this.
Cossack: the Canadian participant suggested that
we add a hand-clap at the same time as the heel
click to teach correct rhythm and timing. He also
suggested we click in-step of the push-off leg to
the heel of the gliding leg to teach forward body
position. I added that here the instructor should
watch carefully that the Guest still steps forward into
the glide.
Smurf Lines drawn in dilute blue food colouring on
snow: We had some great suggestions here for this
drill. Canada suggested we draw two parallel lines
about 2m wide and the skier must glide to each line.
The USA suggested the same two parallel lines but
the skier must glide to the opposite line and cross it.
These are similar to a drill the APSI Nordic already
employs, where you glide from one side of the
groomed trail to the other. These drills develop longer
glide.
These were all great suggestions and variations on
Zac & Jane all geared up to attend the Nordic
clinics by Swiss Snowdemo Team and Demo
Team Norway on a sunny day at Pamporovo
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our drills which we can utilise during future training
and refresher sessions.
See the Country by Country reports on the following
pages for the summaries of the best lectures and
workshops that the Nordic delegates from the USA
and Europe presented, and what I took away with
me to share with you.
Country
by Country
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S nowsports
extracting the best information
possible
Nick Rankin
Interski 2019 in Pamporovo Bulgaria was an exciting
and full on experience.
We were there to find out how we can provide better
snowsports instruction in Australia by extracting the
best information possible from the resources which
all of the other nations had to present.
It was exciting in that it was a festival of snowsports
instruction, with some of the best skiers from all over
the world attending. It was hard not to get caught up
in the excitement!
It was full on in that at the end of the day, we were
there to work amongst all of that excitement, with
extremely long days and an exhausting amount of
information to take in.
The experience from Interski has provided me a with
deeper insight into the wider industry, how we can
improve as instructors, and most importantly how
we can provide a better guest experience. Better
guest experience leads to return guests resulting in
continued growth of the industry. The passion for
promoting our sport and increasing the demographic
of who participate in it was impressive.
It is a great reminder that as much as we love
snowsports, if we are not giving great experiences
to our guests then we will not be able to do what
we love doing .
Poland
A daptive
Feedback in Motion
Tom Hodges
The team from Poland introduced a few different
techniques to help students feel feedback from
their skiing while in motion. These included the use
of long elastic bands in various configurations as
well as custom made hand held short poles, made
from old racing gates cut down to approximately
50cm with tennis balls at ether end. They had lots of
games and drills to help the student gain information
on their technique without verbal cues from the
instructor. The indoor lecture titled, ‘Skiing in the
Silent Zone’ was focused on teaching Deaf students.
The presenter had coached the Polish Deaflympics
team and spoke at length about the challenges and
strategies for teach hearing impaired skiers.

Germany
Telemark
the Alpenstock - A multipurpose
methodical and marketing tool.
Ben Jackson
Generally, most telemarkers have a great interest
in the sport’s history. Germany presented the
Alpenstock or lurk as a tool for telemark skiing. The
Alpenstock can be marketed to get back into the
sport’s roots and to use it to improve technical skills.
They really sold this to get people more interested in
telemark and a fun way to ski.
high level which is not surprising given their links to
Tele world cup. They adapted well to all conditions
and create amazing angles! It was fun to present
their ideas at trainers’ coordination and spring
sessions with great results from our members with
their own skiing. Many members of the public were
interested in what we were doing, so we were clearly
marketing Tele!
So get out there and start Alpenstocking!!
The clinic focused on how the Alpenstock can be
used for beginners, intermediate and advanced
skiers.
Beginners A great tool for instructors to use to aid
balance and trust in the guests. You can coach
guests while you both hold the Alpenstock. Use the
Alpenstock to aid in core stability, stance and a quiet
upper body.
Intermediates Using the Alpenstock to balance on
the inside of turn to promote inclination and balance
on the outside of the turn to promote angulation.
Advanced Using the Alpenstock for timing
coordination and in pairs or groups for fun.
This was a fun clinic that most were very interested
in. There was great discussion and idea exchange
between countries on how they use the Alpenstock.
The Germans are very strong skiers and ski at a very
Using the Lurk in the Australian
Progression
Richard Hocking
We have begun using the Lurk (or Alpenstock)
when training beginner telemark instructors and
have had great success. Skiing side by side whilst
the trainer and the candidate holds the lurk has
sped up learning how to make the movement while
running and the Lurk is a fantastic balance aid up to
advanced level. The third point of contact with the
snow helps beginner and intermediate telemarkers
maintain rear ski pressure and seems to accelerate
learning.
We’re so impressed, the Lurk is going to be
introduced into the Level 2 course in Niseko this
March.
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N ordic
How to Practise the Cross-Country
Skiing Technique and to Train the
Cross-Country Skiing Performance.
Jane Scheer
Indoor Lecture by Martina Chrastkova, PhD. This was
a technical presentation of the mechanics underlying
Classic (CT) and Skate technique (ST). Comparisons
were made between the two styles. Martina showed
how similar the body angles during the kick phase
were and illustrated the angles of the lower legs are
the same as and parallel to the angles of the upper
body. She stressed the important closed or “sharp”
angle at the ankle, as well as the knee. If there’s a
sharp angle at the knee only the centre of gravity
(COG) will be too far back. If sharp angle is in knee
and ankle, then the knee is over toe and bottom over
heel.
Kick is an extension of all 3 joints of the leg, like a
spring.
Skating “It seems easier than CT- the feeling of
skiing comes despite a bad technique before weight
shifting versus CT.”
Czech Republic
Shoulder Rotation “The axis of the arm is
perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the gliding
Czech Kick Illustration
Ankle is working
ski ALWAYS.” In Off-set skate there is a big V angle
and therefore a big shoulder rotation. Eyes watch in
the direction of gliding ski.
Weight Shift in CT Martina emphasised to step over
the front of the foot as the foot swings forward and
the weight of the foot is on the first third of the foot,
during the gliding phase. Then the kick is with the
whole foot with the ankle flexed or “working”.
Arms Swing Flex elbow gently with elbows “locked”
in the angle and the arms’ movement comes out
from the shoulders. The wrists lead the angle of the
poles for the pole plant.
Movement Rhythm Martina suggests rhythm may
be the most important part of all movements. She
stressed the movement should be smooth and
natural. When the movement is missing the rhythm,
there will be a mistake in the movement.
Technique Training Martina talked about technique
training without skis. It is easier for the Guest to
balance because there is no glide and easy for the
Instructor to correct the position. She showed an
example of Hill-bounding for ST (Dry-land training).
General Skiing Training Balance exercises such as
skiing on 1 ski, direction changing, slaloms, downhill
skiing on XC skis. Dry-land training exercises
suggested were: vertical changing of COG position
using: squats, jumps, telemark position (1-leg
squats).
Something that I already do with my Masters and
Interschools groups, and could relate to, was the
emphasis on how important freeride and “adventure
skiing” (eg. Spring Off-piste skiing) is. Also jumps
over a bump and games, such as “Ice-Man” or as
I know it, Stuck in the Mud, soccer, handball and
hockey etc.
Off-season Training methods include XC skiing,
roller-skiing, running, biking (road and MTB),
swimming, games, strength training. Training should
be from general to specific; from slow to fast, that
is, from endurance to speed and high intensity. And
Martina also emphasised “Regeneration” or rest.
She quoted: “Everybody can train a lot, but only the
Masters are able to rest.”
From this presentation, I now have some clear
visuals in my head of the angles to be achieved
in the kick in both CT and ST, the ankle and knee
angles and the shoulder rotation in Off-set skate.
The Dry-land training content has also got me
thinking about adding a chapter on this in our
Technical Manual.

Czech Republic showing off their
custom made ski prosthetics
A daptive
Prosthetic Technician, Student &
Instructor
Tom Hodges
The team from the Czech Republic included 3
athletes with lower leg amputations that skied on
specialist prosthetics. Their two presentations started
indoors, with a detailed explanation of how they have
developed a teaching system and methodology that
utilises 3 key players; the student, a professional
prosthetics technician and the instructor. The
following day we set out on snow to see these
theories in action and watch the demonstration
athletes ski.
While they were all at different stages of learning
the sport, and each with a different level of limb
use, they all were extremely impressive skiers and
their specialised prosthetics were put though their
paces.
N ordic
Teaching Classic Technique
Jane Scheer
The On-snow Workshop by Martina Chrastkova,
PhD ran through the exercises/drills to teach Classic
technique (CT). Martina started with static drills
of diagonal stride without skis or poles and then
progressed to with skis and poles. She manually
corrected our static technique. Then we progressed
to Double Pole and Diagonal Stride. All of these
drills were performed on a slight downhill because
beginner Classic skiers are not able to get grip.
The afternoon workshop consisted of several games
to play such as “Ice-Man” and “Tree, Rock & Log”.
I could see a place for demonstrating static drills in
our Instructors’ courses and I will use more static
drills when teaching CT (as I already use them
when teaching ST) as well. Static drills could also
be added to our manual.
Slovenia
T elemark
Surviving on the Edge
Richard Hocking
Surviving on the Edge
Slovenia is one of the big four Telemark racing
nations along with Switzerland, France and Norway.
This racing heritage was put front and centre in their
workshop on the Slovenian Technique.
The Slovenians emphasised weight on the front
ski, a quick lead change, some counter, an active
crossover and angulation. We used some racer style
drills with the newest one to me being twirling our
poles out in front of ourselves while skiing.
The Slovenians also included an extra step between
learning a static telemark stance and a running
telemark stance of taking such a high traverse that
the student needs to push across the slope.
The Slovenians didn’t cover any tactics for skiing
bumps or off piste.Since has a lot of groomers and
not much off piste skiing their technique seems just
right for them.
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Instruction Method” which you can find on page 58
of the Snowboard Teaching Manual.
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Switzerland
S nowboard
Stop thinking – Start Learning
how to individualise teaching
Kylie Dwyer
Switzerland’s on-snow workshop and indoor lecture
focused on their approach to teaching as ensuring
lessons are personalised and individualised to the
student;
“Personalised instruction oriented toward individual
needs has a great value for
guests and lets them make
more rapid learning progress,
as well as take home lasting
experiences.” (from the Swiss
Snowsports handout, Interski
2019).
Here I will focus on two of the
model’s presented and compare
them to our APSI system. My
vlog post shows how the Swiss
Team put these theories and
methods into practice during
their on-snow workshop.
Model 1: Learning pathways
and methods
There are different learning
pathways an instructor can use
when teaching a student skills or movements “target
form”. Some students will need to learn via the
“Partial Method”, whereby the instructor will build a
progression step by step beginning from the basics
of that skill. Some students will learn best via an
“open learning pathway”, whereby the skill may be
demonstrated first, then learnt and mastered through
problem solving and experimentation. By knowing
our students and which method they will respond to
best, the instructor is able to create individualised
learning. We can parallel these learning pathways
to the APSI’s “Whole Instruction Method” and “Part
See my vlog on the Swiss workshop.
This vlog is a narration of the Swiss
Demo Team’s on-snow workshop
and will model how the theories and
methods explored in this article can
be applied by an instructor to any
Snowsports lesson.
https://youtu.be/KPHB6JSgG50
In the vlog, you will see how the Swiss Team begin
their on-snow session using an “Open Learning
Pathway”, similar to that of the “Whole Instruction
Method” in the APSI models; before moving into a
“Structured Learning Pathway”, similar to that of the
“Part Instruction Method” in the APSI models. The
Open Learning Pathway will be very beneficial for
those students who are visual learners as it shows
them the “target form” immediately. This method
also works well for those students who may need
to be challenged, for example, you will be able to
give them a “target form” to attempt and learn while
other students are still learning previous skills. The
Structured Learning Pathway may work well for
those students who like to think or feel what they are
learning and piece it together
into steps. In most cases,
as instructors, we will use a
combination of these methods to
suit each student.
Model 2: Principal of variation
By varying the practice of a skill
or movement, our students will
have the perception that they
are always practicing something
new. Variations ensure students
remain interested and challenged
in what they are learning as
the goal of the instructor is to
personalise the variation to suit
each student. In the vlog, you will
see an example of each of these
variations applied. Knowing which type of variation
students respond to best allows the instructor to
create individualised learning. In the APSI system, we
can parallel these Variations to using a combination
of our “Learning Styles”, “Teaching Styles” and
Teaching Tactics” of which all can be found from
page 53 of the Snowboard Teaching Manual.
Both workshops showed models for achieving this
personalised approach to teaching. and how to put a
variation on a task. So that the perception of what our
students are learning is different but in fact they are
still working on the same skill.
Thank you for reading and see you on the snow!

N ordic
Experience-Oriented Hospitality
in Swiss Ski Schools
Jane Scheer
The indoor lecture by Michael Brugger & Marcel
Homberger outlined the Swiss Ski Schools’ project,
“Experience-Oriented Hospitality”. This project was
launched in the Spring of 2017. The aim is to improve
the Guests’ snow-sports experience by creating
“Magic Moments” for the Guests, so they will return
to the ski-school for another lesson.
A “Magic Moment” is an experience that is
unexpected and creates a “Wow” effect. These
experiences involve several of the Guests’ senses.
They can happen anywhere along the chain of
experiences, not just in the lesson. It can occur
during the initial gaining of awareness of ski lesson
products, to: in the booking office/at the time of
booking, at the meeting place, during the lesson,
during any supporting programmes/special events
or afterwards during the follow-up/customer care/
complaint management. An example in the Nordic
realm might be: after teaching ski-technique
fundamentals, taking the Guest for a ski-tour and
enjoying a sit with a view and a snack. I already
incorporate such activities into my longer lessons but
it reinforces how important an experience could be
to create lasting memories for the Guest, which may
encourage the Guest to return for another lesson.
I found this an interesting perspective on what we
teach our Instructors, within the APSI’s Professional
Skills manual. I like the term “Magic Moments”, as I
think it is easy to remember. This terminology could
be used in our training too.
Teaching in Connection with
Experience-Oriented Hospitality
The on-snow Workshop by Jurg Marugg introduced
the above-mentioned concept of Experience-
Oriented Hospitality utilising the teaching of
Double pole technique. It asked the question of the
Instructor: In which areas can I improve my teaching
to give Guests a lasting experience? The 4 areas
identified where improvements can be made and
which are important to produce a good lesson, were:
1. External environment- sunny, windy, snow
conditions etc. Eg. If it’s snowing, make sure Guests
stay warm by keeping them moving (obvious? Yes,
but sometimes we forget when planning a lesson).
2. Setting “S.M.A.R.T” targets- that are achievable
for the Guests.
3. Planned tasks- appropriate drills/exercises; never
do the same drill twice, always vary it slightly.
4. Group Management- social interaction, working
alone/in pairs/in a group as a whole.
Useful concepts that will lead to a more successful
lesson with the Guest returning for another lesson.
I will also think more about varying the same drill,
so that Guests don’t repeat the same drill twice.
With variations, the same fundamental movements
can be practised without the risk of boredom.
T elemark
A Typology
Ben Jackson
“People have a deep-rooted motivation that make
them practice a sport, so the experience that
underlies and encompasses the activity itself is
important. What is your motivation? What type of
telemarker are you?”
The Swiss created a survey for the telemarkers that
attended Interski. They are using the results to define
the types of telemarkers, how to structure teaching
experiences to the different types of telemarker, and
what are the main techniques and styles different
telemarkers aspire to. The main reasoning behind
this is to give guests an experience rather than a
series of drills or exercises.
The clinic identified 4 general types of telemarker
1. The old traditionalist that likes skiing with the
lurk/Alpenstock
2. The young hipster types.
3. The freeride/park skier
4. The Racer/competition type.
By tailoring the lesson to the different telemark
types, students get a much more guest centred and
individual experience that is much more likely to get
guests coming and returning to lessons. The clinic
was very enjoyable and helped me get a few more
ideas on making lessons for fun for the types I don’t
have much experience in. They really got us moving
and skiing a lot.
The Swiss are very strong playful skiers that ski with
a lot of inclination and performance which really
impressed me.
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A lpine
On Snow – Ski teaching concept
Ant Hill
I have been fortunate to attend a number of Austrian
technical workshops at Interski and their presentation
in Bulgaria was a real highlight again.
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T elemark
Cross Functional Engagement
Richard Hocking
The Austrians were great skiers with a strong on
piste focus to their skiing. Telemark Austria were
committed to representing Austrian Telemarking,
firstly but convincing ÖSSV to let them attend and
also by paying their own way individually.
I’m not sure what Cross Functional Engagement
means, but the workshop was on developing new
telemarkers from skiers in race programs and had
developed an interesting progression:
• Make short radius parallel turns on telemark
equipment.
• Practice quickly raising both heels by pulling the
feet back under the body.
• Make short radius parallel turns with the
same heel raising motion for a moment in the
transition.
• Progress until the student can keep both heels
up for half the turn
• Only raise the inside heel to start making
telemark turns with a quick movement.
• Pressure inside to with some hip counter.
• Start the turn on the front ski and finish on the
back to help teach for aft movement when
paralleling
Austria
See CANSI Demo Team Member, Yas Kawasaki’s
video of the Austrian on
snow workshop
https://www.youtube.
com/watch?v=CKDRy7-
hKhk
I still haven’t had a
chance to try this
progression out on an
accomplished alpine
skier who hasn’t tried
telemarking before.
If you want to be a
guinea pig get in
touch!
The Austrian Ski Progression has four levels:
Green > Blue > Red > Black
Within the Red level, there are two key performances:
1. Basic Steered Parallel (APSI steering)
2. Dynamic Steered Parallel (APSI carving)
Their workshop focused on the second, including an
insight into their short and long radius turns. By way
of comparison I have bracketed APSI terms that are
similar to some of the Austrian concepts.
Dynamic Steered Parallel – Short Radius
• Rhythmical transferring of the edges results
in dynamic steered parallel skiing with a short
radius
• Active weighting, turning and edging
• Faster tempo, increased steering pressure,
dynamic movement and precision in steering.
(carving)
Short Radius Exercises:
1. Dynamic steered parallel with long radius -
shortening the radius - skiing in track, then alone
(funnel)
2. One-and-a-half turn (? turn)
3. Linked short radius, find the rhythm with a pole
plant
4. Vary radius, speed and terrain
5. Use formation skiing to assist rhythm: ski in pairs
(ski next to each other, one behind the other
in partner's track, shadowing), ski as a group
holding the same rhythm
Austria OnSnow Telemark Workshop. Photo - Gregory Dixon

Dynamic Steered Parallel – Long Radius
• Basis for sporty, confident skiing
• Steering over the edges and side cut through the
entire turn via steering pressure and angulation,
result in skiers experiencing a dynamic
movement.
• The dynamic movement results from the steering
pressure built up through edging angulation -
Alpine Basic Position, as well as an appropriate
forward, upward and inward movement in the
new turn (skiing into a BP).
• This modern, elegant method of changing
direction whilst skiing is the goal for many
guests”
Long Radius Exercises:
1. Review steered parallel skiing - basic level - long
radius, increase tempo
2. Approach in a parallel position - higher centred
position - fan progression to the fall-line improve
edge grip. (fan progression)
3. One-and-a-half turn (? Turn)
4. Linked dynamic steered parallel skiing, complete
steering to control speed
5. Vary terrain, radius and speed
Within the Austrian terminology there are some terms
that can get lost in translation however there are
some parallels between our systems. For example
the focus on Dynamic Steering at the Red Level is
similar to focusing on carving within the APSI.
It was evident from the provided material and the
content presented at Interski, that Austria recognise
and are placing emphasis on the majority of their
guests striving for the Red Level tasks. This shift
from focusing on the Black Level and pursuit of
performance to one focused on an elegant modern
style of skiing was a realistic take on the riding of
guests within our resorts today.
Put simply the hero short turn run on blue to black
terrain seems to be something the majority strive
for as this terrain is often the first skied and most
frequented.
Austria along with the Swiss was in my top two
countries at this Interski.
Austrian Alpiner - Photo from PSIA-AASI
T elemark
The Four Cs
Richard Hocking
New Zealand
The Kiwi’s presented a learning framework rather
than on skiing technique. They call their framework
the “Four Cs’: Concentration, Confidence, Control
and Commitment.
1st C, help your guest concentrate when they first
learn a new skill. Anything new is difficult so the
Kiwi’s use another framework called ‘Stationary,
Situational, Simple’. The APSI generally uses this
framework in our progressions,where we introduce a
new skill without gliding, then choose the appropriate
terrain and offer the guest only the information they
need to complete the new task, but I like the clarity
and simplicity of this framework.. The skiing task was
kept simple and we were only asked to focus on the
skier in front. Then we were asked to mix it up a bit
and the lead skier was switched to change the speed
and turn shape of the group.
2nd C, a guest needs confidence, which can be
built by increasing the guests skills and knowledge
in tandem with their arousal level. The skiing task
was made more difficult by playing chinese whispers
while following each others tracks.
3rd C, guests also need to learn control, to become
more precise and determined in their movements.
The skiing task was made more difficult again by
playing chinese whispers while skiing as close
together as possible and in each others tracks.
4th C, the Kiwi framework ends with commitment.
As instructors we need to find ways to motivate our
guests to keep trying despite small gains or even
small steps back in their skiing. This idea was not as
well fleshed out, but I agree with its importance.
These ideas were tied together on snow in a really
interesting way. We skied in each others tracks in
groups of four attempting more difficult tasks as we
progressed through the four Cs.
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Japan
A lpine
Short turn evolution
Chris Allen
Japan was a must-see country at Interski, with large
numbers showing up to their on-snow presentations.
My interest in Japan comes from running APSI
courses and exams in Japan, as well as a
connection with many members working in Japanese
ski resorts. My biggest motivation was wanting to ski
with Takao Maruyama, a phenomenal skier who is
somewhat of a rockstar in Japan due to his success
in the Japanese technical championships.
Right from the beginning of this presentation Takao
made mention of the Technical Championships
in Japan run by Ski Association Japan (SAJ
is the national body that runs the technical
championships). He said their high-end technique
has evolved over the years by competitors pushing
the limits of high-end skiing at these events.
Short turn evolution developed at the technical
championship makes its way to the national demo
team which falls under the SAJ and their Ski
Instructor Association (SIA).
There are four points Takao highlighted to get the
‘high technique’ of pure carving the short turn. You
could draw a similarity to our belief in new mechanics
Japan’s High Technique
that we use when building a certain type of turn. The
ski performance they aspire to in this turn is pure
carving or two lines with speed control.
• Ankle joint and hip position
• Rolling in the initiation
• Maximum bending of ski in apex
• Release
Takao showed how the ankle and the hip worked
together to get the early rolling of the ski and
pointed out that the skis should not swing or pivot,
but instead the hip combined with the flexed ankle
position is used to roll the ski onto the edge. It is
important to point out that the pelvis is inside the turn
above the fall line and the pelvis stays square to the
skis and is not a rotary force.
I found this hip movement interesting, as it looked
like the pelvis was rotating. Having the ankle and
the pelvis move together is how they achieve the
pure carved ski above the fall line. This connection
is very important to achieve maximum edge angle.
Takao said it was crucial for the hip to stop following
the skis in the apex “will allow you to capture the
energy from the ski”. Bending the ski through the
apex, loads the ski with energy and this is achieved
because of high edge angle and pressure.
The last point is the release. Takao highlighted that
collapsing with the feet and legs too early through
the release is not desirable as the energy will be lost.
Instead they resist the energy pushing against them,
so the ski stays in contact with the snow. Sending
the skis across the slope helps control speed as well
Takao Demonstrating
28

Takao Maruyama
with Paul Lorenz
as giving a solid platform to move off, enabling them
to roll the new outside ski early. Compared to other
countries like Switzerland and Austria who use a lot
of muscle to power the ski to where they want it to
go, the Japanese use the energy from the ski to get
the same result.
Overall, the Japanese presented a very methodical
approach to high performance short turns, it is clear
that the Japanese are evolving their technique.
Not that long ago it appeared to be a system that
was going for a look without the emphasis on ski
performance, but now is a complete package that
would be a great influence on anyone looking to
take their short turns to the next level.
Japan Teaching Workshop
Richard Jameson
One of the more different and thought provoking
on-snow clinics I attended at this Interski was the
teaching workshop by the Japanese Team. The
premise was that they are having to teach many
first time guests at the resorts who do not speak
Japanese. In particular the Tawanese and mainland
Chinese market who are taking snow holidays to
Japan and wanting to learn how to ski. With this in
mind, they are developing a method for teaching a
beginner student without having to speak the same
language. It involved a series of carpets and visual
aids including blue dye to help facilitate the skills a
first time student requires to get moving in a safe
environment.
To check out some video from this clinic and the
ideas on progression steps and teaching aids used
head to the following link on the APSI website:
https://www.apsi.net.au/demo-team/interski-2019/
alpine
Japan’s teaching clinic using carpets
to cross language barriers
Netherlands
A daptive
Sit-Snowboard
Tom Hodges
The Dutch demo team presented their sitsnowboard,
a highlight for many at Interski. The
new equipment mounted to a regular snowboard
supported the uses legs and waist, while providing
handles which controlled torsional flex of the
snowboard. This enabled the user to be seated, and
ride sideways as a sit-snowboarder.
The equipment is aimed at paraplegic students
with some core, good coordination and mobile
upper bodies. It is totally unlike any other adaptive
equipment available on the market and opens a
new discipline to the adaptive world. The presenter
allowed everybody to give the sit-snowboard a try,
with help from everyone in the group. There were
many counties in attendance with a huge host
of Snowboard Demo team members, including
Australia and New Zealand.
Some managed a few independent linked turns,
others didn’t. While the Dutch presenter made it look
all too easy with smooth symmetrical linked turns in
the slushy Bulgaria snow.
Gina reports having over 70 students try the sitsnowboard,
most gaining independence after only
a few lessons.
Gina from the Dutch Demo
Team giving the New-Zealand
demo member a lesson in sitsnowboarding
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Canada
A daptive
Student Identification Tactics
Tom Hodges
The Canadian team hosted a great workshop on
student identification tactics, getting everybody
engaged in role play and assessment. They outlined
their Ask-Observe-Test methodology and explained
how it has been beneficial to their instructors in
real world teaching. While in the indoor lecture, as
well as a general overview of their adaptive system.
The Canadians presented ideas for understanding
anxiety in student, especially those with cognitive
impairments. They have worked with a group called
Canucks Autism Network to build a 6 step plan for
working through a students anxiety.
This was; Observe, Stop, Assist self regulation,
Evaluate, Validate, Plan.
A lpine
Student Centred Teaching Method
Shauna Rigby
I was lucky enough to participate in one of Canada's
on-snow workshops led by Tracey Fraser. This
workshop focused on student-centred method of
teaching. Boken down into the following 4 elements.
1. Decision making method (while teaching) In this
method it is important to create a learning contract
with two-way communication. We should get to
know our students. Who are they? Why are they
here? Do they have any injuries you might need to
take into consideration? You are then able to plan a
lesson based around this information. It’s all about
engaging with your student so they feel comfortable
to learn.
2. Choosing the situation. When you, as the
instructor, choose the situation you are using the
environment to the best of your ability to aid your
student’s learning. For example, if your student finds
it difficult to ski in low light conditions perhaps get
them to ski right behind you or next to the tree line
on the run. Maybe they want to get better at skiing
bumps, would you take them into the iciest moguls
on the mountain to practice? The environment
we choose for our guests is critical in aiding their
learning.
3. Skiing objective (a part of reflective learning)
This refers to what our guests want to achieve in
the lesson. Reflective learning is a great way to
think about what the skiing objective might be for
a specific task. For example, Tracey gave us a
task of making rhythmical short turns. She asked
us to reflect on what our skiing objective might be
while making these short turns. Do we want to go
faster, slower or maybe just maintain our speed?
Do we struggle to grip the snow? What about our
pressure control through the slushy conditions, will
it be even or will it be hit and miss? These questions
gave our group its skiing objectives. Once the task
was completed Tracey made sure she define the
outcome. Once you know the desired outcome, you
can start to give a motor pattern to your student. This
is a part of the turn we look at and a movement in
that part of the turn we want to develop to help our
students’ skiing objective.
Tracey Demonstrating the
Canadian Student-Centred
Methods

4. Technique (correct movements made while
skiing) Part of this reflective learning philosophy is
to give our students the appropriate drills/exercises/
tasks to really reinforce the motor pattern. This allows
your student to know when they’re doing it correctly
or when they’re not. However, it’s important to give
your student cues, to help them understand what
feeling is right or wrong. For example, if you’re trying
to get your student to try an edge roll, let them know
when they’re doing it correctly they will maintain their
speed. If their skis don’t have enough edge their
speed will decrease.
Tracey also touched on three extra points
i) Retention of women in the sport. Tracey has
helped form a ‘Women In Skiing’ committee with the
aim of engaging more women to stay in the sport,
whether they’re ski instructors or skiers in the public.
To help retain women in the industry, the committee
firstly needed to ask each other a few questions:
• Do women think differently to men and do we, as
instructors, need to cater for that?
• Are women built differently to men and does this
need to be taken into consideration?
The answers are yes and no. It’s impossible to
classify all women into one group because we’re
simply not the same. With this in mind the committee
came up with a two-part module: Psychological and
Biomechanical considerations in skiing. Rather than
putting women in a separate skiing category to men,
they decided to group everyone together. We all think
differently to each other and everyone is built in their
own unique way.
ii) Psychological and Biomechanical considerations
in skiing. In ski lessons, the psychological mindset
can refer to the ‘get goers’ and the ‘planners’. Some
people like to try things first and discuss the aim of
the task afterwards, while others like to hear more
information about the task before giving it a go. This
can also change depending on how comfortable the
group is or how many runs they’ve skied together
during the day. Tracey introduced this concept by
giving us the option to try a task or stay with her to
learn more. The task was to make turns and pick
up one ski. A few of us jumped in straight away with
a variety of interpretations. Some were doing white
pass turns, others were simply skiing on one ski the
whole way down. As a whole, most of the group
stayed to get a better understanding of the task.
It was an interesting way to split our group and it
definitely was not divided by gender!
Biomechanically, we are all built differently. This
means the way we move will differ. It’s important
to stop trying to make all our guests look alike but
rather look at what happens with their ski on the
snow and make sure that every skier has the best
alignment for the most efficient skiing possible.
Women have a natural Q-angle which means we can
balance differently to men. Women are also 6-10
times more likely to have an ACL injury then men.
We must place our guests in the strongest stance
possible to help with their movements into the right
technique.
iii) The difference between engaging with kids
versus seniors. What exactly is it about teaching a
child that is so different to teaching an adult? What
do you have to do or how do you have to think
differently to engage with a child? Firstly we need
to 'talk less and ski more'. Kids are here to have
fun, therefore we need to be fun! Tuning into your
inner child, changing your tone of voice and body
language to suit the age you're interacting with.
Even though we are teaching and having fun, we still
need to implement a decision-making process and
create a safe environment in which our students can
learn. To determine a skiing objective for kids, the
motor pattern development needs to be appropriate
for the specific age group.
Alternately, what considerations are needed for
teaching older groups? Do they have any injuries,
eyesight or hearing issues? The risk of injury is higher
and a senior's motor pattern development must take
ability, strength and coordination into consideration,
as well as teaching correct technique, to ensure the
students get the most out of their lesson.
I thoroughly enjoyed Tracey's on-snow workshop
for Canada. It was really interesting to think in depth
about what we do as instructors to provide the
ultimate lesson based around our guests' age, ability,
build and mindset.
Remember, it's up to us to set our students up for
success in order for them to ski well, ski all day
long and end the day with a smile!
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Nordic
Learning Connection Framework &
Agility Drills
Jane Scheer
apsi snowpro December 2019
USA
Telemark
Skiing Fundamentals
Ben Jackson
The Americans Telemark Skiing Fundamentals. are
broken up into skills similar to ours, with emphasis
placed on blending the skills to create a high level of
performance and using the lead change to connect
all the skills.
Lead Change: Control the size, intensity and timing
of the lead change.
Rotational Control: Control the turning of the skis
with rotation of the feet and legs in conjunction with
discipline in the upper body.
Edge Control: Control edge angles through a
combination of inclination and angulation.
Pressure Control: Control the fore/after relationship of
the centre of mass to the base of support to manage
pressure along the length of the skis. Controlling the
lateral relationship of the COM to the BOS to manage
pressure from ski to ski. Regulate the amount of
pressure created through ski/snow interaction.
The Americans showed great versatility in their skiing
and both indoor and on snow presentations were
done well. They were strong all mountain skiers
and showed great skiing in the variable conditions
throughout the week.
Their teaching is very student centred with diverse
technique for different situations and performances.
US Team member Grant Bishop - Photo from PSIA-AASI
The Indoor Lecture by David Lawrence & Greg
Rhodes explained the PSIA-AASI’s framework for
great teaching called “The Learning Connection”,
depicted in the diagram below. This was first
introduced in Ushuaia and they have been using this
framework in the four years since. As shown in the
diagram below, it depicts the student in the centre
of a triangle composed of 3 corner triangles (in red).
Illustrating that the student, their needs and goals are
the central focus for determining the lesson plan. The
3 red corner triangles denote Technical Skills, People
Skills and Teaching Skills. Meaning a blend of these
3 types of skills are utilised by the instructor during
the lesson. The outer light blue circle represents the
instructors’ decisions and behaviour which influence
and impact upon the lesson and it’s outcomes.
From this lecture and the discussions with all the
Nordic delegates during the week, snow-sports
instruction and indeed all teaching, is not about
being a “good instructor” but being an instructor
who can provide effective and enjoyable lessons, by
blending teaching, technical and people skills. An
instructor needs to be proficient in all of these three
areas.
With this in mind, I will be asking myself and my
future trainees to think about which of these three
areas they are good at and which one might they
need to improve.
Cross Country Skiing Fundamentals &
Motor Learning
The On-Snow Workshop by Emily Lovett, David
Lawrence & Greg Rhodes presented a series
of agility drills and applied this to their Learning
Connection Framework in order to demonstrate how
to teach some fundamental cross country skills. They
introduced two concepts:
1. Closed environment the area where the drills are
located, marked by cones. This provides a safe and
secure environment for people to learn new skills.
2. Open environment beyond each end of their
closed environment, they marked a section of about
three times the distance of the closed environment,
where the Guest could ski freely experimenting and
applying the new skill learnt.
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The agility drills utilised were common basic skills
of side-stepping which teaches weight transfer and
a method of moving on the skis. At a cone in the
middle of the closed environment, we had to utilise
edge-push off to change direction of the side-step.
We then progressed to faster side stepping and then
also to side-stepping with our eyes closed. This was
to increase the difficulty, increase the enjoyment and
prevent boredom. The eyes closed drill allowed us to
use other senses of balance and feel to improve our
weight transfer over the centre of mass over the skis.
We then progressed to doing a slalom around cones
and then slalom races to increase the enjoyment and
group social interaction.
In between the different drills we had the opportunity
to ski beyond the closed environment out to the
far cones of the open environment to test how our
weight transfer transferred to the skating technique.
I thought this was a fun way to introduce basic
skills to the beginner skier and also to warm-up
intermediate skiers. It provided variation of drills,
encouraged the Guests to use other senses (having
eyes closed) to reinforce the skill of weight transfer. It
also facilitated group interaction.
The closed and open environments were a great
concept. I could see this being useful when you
have a group of slightly varying abilities where
you can keep the nervous Guests in the closed
environment while being able to encourage the
Guests with better abilities to ski in the open
environment and to experiment with their newly
acquired skills. It also addresses the needs of the
experiential learner.
“The Learning Connection” Diagram is PSIA-AASI’s
teaching and learning framework. It applies across
the disciplines as referred to in each of these articles
A lpine
technical, teaching and people.
Ant Hill
Based on the Learning Connections framework (see
diagram below) the US on-snow workshop focused
on two overlaying concepts of:
1. Applying a Teaching/Learning Cycle to create an
experiential learning environment
2. How instructors’ decisions and behaviours help
to facilitate learning.
The workshop placed participants in groups of 4 with
a short term goal of working on each other’s skiing
and a longer term goal of skiing in a formation.
We first skied as group following each other whilst
viewed from the clinicians (Assess Students).
Given we were at Interski the goal was to ski in a
formation (Determine Goals and Plan Experiences).
The clinicians then set different tasks over different
terrain, changing the skier at the front within each
group (Create Experiences for Learning). The clinics
help by asking questions of each participant and
thereby facilitating conversations with the goal that
we would each learn from each other. They also
asked more target questions with the long term goal
of skiing in a formation, for example, the first run we
discussed if we saw a different turn shape between
each other? What movements may we need to
change so we are able to ski in a formation? Then on
the chairlift we discussed what we each saw in each
other’s skiing and continued the discussion (and
thereby learning) from the feedback of the clinicians
(Guide Practice).
The Teaching/Learning cycle is similar to the APSIs 9
lesson essentials, particularly the cyclical nature of:
Teaching Skills summarised from the mock teaching
scenario:
• Create an environment that promotes
exploration, experimentation, and play while
pursuing desired outcomes.
• Collaborate on short-term objectives and longterm
goals.
• Facilitate the learner’s ability to recognize, reflect
upon, and assess experiences and sensations.
• Manage terrain selection, pacing, information,
and activities.
• Reinforce effort and learning, and adapt the
learning environment to accommodate the
changing needs of the learner.
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Manage emotional and physical risk within the
learning environment.
There are a number of similarities again with the
bolded words and the APSIs teaching philosophies.
I would like to thank Dusty and Eric for a great
clinic. The key takeaway for me was the focus on
facilitating the learning using a number of skills
rather than forcing the learning in an environment
that was overly controlled.
A lpine
Insight into PSIA: Technical Skills
Michaela Patton
In the afternoon of the final day of Interski 2019
in Bulgaria, I was fortunate enough to attend the
Professional Skiers’ Association of America’s (PSIA)
presentation on Technical Skills. The workshop was
run by Brenna Kelleher and Heidi Ettlinger, and we
were also joined by their team captain and coach,
Michael Rogan.
The PSIA has three areas of instructor development
based on the diagram above:
People Skills: The way we teach people, not
skiing. People skills encompass anything related
to emotional intelligence, relationship building and
ultimately how an instructor connects with a student
or students.
Teaching Skills: How an instructor nurtures a learning
environment to connect the student to a learning
segment.
Technical Skills: The fundamentals and constants
that govern the way we ski and teach skiing.
People and Teaching Skills are the same across all
of the disciplines, including skiing, snowboarding,
telemark nordic and adaptive instructing, whereas
each discipline has their own set of Technical Skills.
Alpine Technical Skills are made up of two
components:
1. Three constants or skills:
• Rotational control
• Edge control
• Pressure control
The PSIA trains these as a customisable technique
that can suit any given student or situation.
When I asked if these skills relate to a movement
analysis system, the presenters responded that they
were never designed to qualify or judge movements,
but they were originally a set of constants that could
be performed on any equipment, in any style, by any
student, in any turn shape, at any speed and on any
terrain with any intention.
Another participant questioned why stance was
absent from these skills. The response was that
the PSIA does not believe that balance isn’t a skill,
because it is not related to how they manipulate
their skis, but rather is considered a source or an
outcome. For example, “if I am balanced, I can do
this well”, or, “if I can do this well, I have a good
chance at being in balance”.
2. Five Fundamentals:
• Control the relationship of the centre of mass to
the base of support to direct pressure along the
length of the skis
• Control pressure from ski to ski and direct
pressure towards the outside ski
• Control edge angles through a combination of
inclination and angulation
• Control the skis’ rotation with leg rotation,
separate from the upper body
• Regulate the magnitude of pressure created
through ski/snow interaction.
These fundamentals are principles, movements or
concepts that the PSIA believes to be true for all
great skiing, no matter if you are referring to carving,
big mountain, freestyle, technical skiing, children,
etc.
In the on-snow presentation, Brenna and Heidi
revealed these fundamentals by running us through
a series of exercises and drills, asking us what
we believed the tasks were trying to achieve. For
example, a group of us did Whitepass Turns, and
some shared that it helped us to incline and then
angulate at the end of the turn. Some said it helped
them with pressure control, while others said it
assisted with the crossover.
Brenna and Heidi then started to reveal these
fundamentals, and how a single task can be used
to assist a skier with a number of these underlying
principles. Ultimately, in the PSIA’s system, no
matter what technique they are teaching in the
lesson, it always has to come back to one of these
fundamentals, and the exercises are the teaching
tool that allows us to achieve them.
Using the example of synchronised skiing, which
is a very big part of a team’s Interski journey, the
presenters said that they don’t talk about a certain
technique or performance when they synchro. Why?
“Because we don’t have a technique. We have
fundamentals and we have skills. So we couldn’t say

‘let’s do our race turn’, so we decided what sort of
outcome we wanted, and how we would apply the
different fundamentals to come up with an outcome
in order to create a technique for ourselves for that
specific time.”
Instead of looking at the synchro result as “you were
doing a carve turn and I was doing a pure carve
turn, so we were out of sync”, the team looks at
the way in they applied the fundamentals and then
adjusts these so that their turn shape, speed and
performance matches one another.
So why have fundamentals and not a technique?
1. To create a “home base” for all PSIA techniques
This accounts for the wide variety of mountains
in the USA, the size of the mountains, how much
grooming/off-piste/bumps at each resort, snow
coverage, snow quality, what the guests are like,
what they want to learn, equipment, etc.
2. Balance the dichotomy of flexibility and clarity
Clarity for a consistent message among
instructors, the perception of expertise and a
definitive answer to the question, “what is good
skiing?”.
Flexibility for a willingness to adapt for the future,
to students and to environmental factors.
3. To position the PSIA for changes in the future of
snowsports
If I were to summarise the Technical Skills of the
APSI, I would say that we are focused primarily on
implementing four skills, and blending them to create
five performances. In order to teach these skills
and performances, we ground our lessons in the
New Fundamental Mechanics that are necessary to
perform a new turn type or performance.
After the PSIA’s presentation, I began to wonder
what our fundamentals would look like if we had
overarching statements that governed Australian
ski technique. If I had to state what we as the APSI
believes are the core technical values that can be
seen across all of our turn types in our desired
performances, I would include:
• Balance on or against the outside ski
• Using active or passive leg turning to guide the
ski on an arc
• Edging the ski progressively throughout the turn
• An active and proportional movement to cross
over the ski at the end of the turn.
The difficulty here is that we are involved in
performing and teaching such a technical sport,
so in some ways simplifying it into just a few short
US Alpine Team members - Photo from PSIA-AASI
sentences can downplay all of the components that
make up good skiing.
However, I really do like the idea of every one of our
members being able to answer the question, “What
do we, the APSI, believe is good skiing?”.
M ulti-Disciplinary
Joe Hession Keynote Lecture
Growing Snow-sports in a Changing Market
The keynote speaker on the first day of the congress
was the American Joe Hession, CEO of Snow
Operating, a company which looks at how to better
the guest snow sports experience within snow
resorts. His keynote lecture presented some ideas
to address the declining numbers of new Guests
in Snow-sports schools world-wide in a changing
snow-sports market.
Nick Rankin - Alpine perspective
This presentation emphasised that the Snowsports
industry isn’t retaining those guests who don’t have
a lesson because they want to experiment and just
give things a go, but after they do this they hit a road
block in their progress and don’t return.
Hession explained the different types of fun:
Easy Fun – no skills needed and anyone can do it
Hard Fun – becomes a life style and is addictive
People Fun – includes social interaction
Serious Fun – fun which is life changing
Skiers and snowboarders need to experience all of
these types of fun. There needs to be a balance of
easy and hard fun so that there is challenge, but the
challenge is not impossible.
Hession implements free terrain based learning with
instructors working on the terrain who give free tips
to help balance out easy and hard fun, resulting in
retaining the people who just ‘want to give it a go’.
As an instructor or trainer, we can’t just create a park
for terrain based learning can we? So how can we
use what Hession presented?
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This winter, I have tried to use different teaching
styles, whether it be in teaching or training, more
than ever. Rather than getting into a routine of
teaching only with command and task styles, I have
been working with problem solving, guided discovery
and reciprocal learning far more. Allowing the type
of guest who doesn’t really want a lesson, to be able
to move freely and experiment. They don’t want to
stand there and be spoken to for the duration of the
lesson or just be told what to do.
When I ski around all of the resorts in Australia, it
is common to see people in lessons who are not
moving. We can all fall into this trap some times.
We need to get our guests or candidates moving as
much as possible no matter what level they are at.
Then easy fun can be incorporated at any level very
simply. This is sometimes what is lacking in lessons.
If the easy fun is missing, the initial enjoyment and
interests is not present in our sessions. Imagine a
group of first timers standing stationary for twenty
minutes. They miss out on the easy fun decreasing
their desire to learn.
Skiing is hard fun. It is a challenge which we are
all addicted to. We however are equipped for the
challenges and setbacks. Our guests sometimes are
not equipped and need the easy fun to get going.
Their needs to be a cycle of easy and hard fun, to
get the participants moving, and then throw in a
challenge, and then back to something simple.
I have found using different teaching styles to be my
implementable version of Hession’s terrain based
learning parks. It gives the guest or candidate a
chance to experiment, which can be easy fun, and
then just like in Hession’s parks, the instructor or
trainer is there to help out when the task becomes
challenging (hard fun).
The type of guest that Hession was talking about
really fits the profile of Australian guests – people
who want to get moving and just give it a go. I have
found this to be very successful at all levels, not just
higher levels where many can associate problem
solving, guided discovery and reciprocal learning.
We all are trained to understand how the different
teaching styles work and what the benefits of each
are, but putting them into practice will benefit our
guests and help to retain our guests through a better
learning experience.
I believe it also gives us as instructors and trainers
a more rewarding and developmental experience
ourselves.
Paul Lorenz - Alpine perspective
Joe talked about us being in a “Google How-To” era
where people are less likely to seek formal tuition
and resort to google searching YouTube videos. They
have been experimenting with free video “how-to’s”
scattered around the resort. They are displayed on
screens in rental shops, booking offices, and also
through QR codes found on the mountain linked to
the resort APP. The US Demo team have prepared
how-to video guides that are free to resort guests.
The thought behind this was that despite these
guests not booking ski school, they are spending
big on accommodation, restaurants, ski hire etc. and
why not make these guests’ experience as positive
as possible?
What was also discovered was that while these
free video “how-to’s” were available, lesson sales
increased due to this type of guest engaging with
the lesson experience through the videos and
realising how much their was to learn and improve.
Nordic Perspective - Jane Scheer
As Nick outlined above, Joe introduced the concept
of “easy fun” and “hard fun”, where easy fun is an
activity that requires no skill such as, tubing. While
Hard Fun is all the snow-sports such as, skiing,
snow-boarding, Nordic skiing etc. which all require
many skills. He explained that what the Snow-sports
instructor should do is turn the snow-sports’ lesson
into Easy fun first, so that the Guests can progress
to Hard fun. He illustrated that movement equals fun,
by having the audience stand up and watch a video
while he played very loud music. Then he asked
the audience, which one of your neighbours had
the most fun while watching? And of course, we all
pointed to the one who was dancing to the music.
Movement=fun!
He also talked about improving the overall
experience for the Guests. He suggested perhaps
the experience of riding the lifts could be improved.
To explain this further he gave the example of Disney
Land where there are long queues. The queues wind
through areas where the customers are entertained
while waiting in the queue.
He also introduced his “Ice-cream Theory” where
different flavours represent the different types of
lessons people choose. Vanilla flavour represents
the group lesson; strawberry is the individual lesson;
and chocolate is the “do not want a lesson”. His
message here was that we need to let Guests be

able to choose any of these flavours or experiences.
For those that do not want a lesson he suggested
Terrain Based and Self-guided Learning. He talked
about the Terrain Based learning stations that he
has designed and built in his Company’s own resort
which have Self-guided learning tools. These are a
series of differing terrains such as, rolling bumps
which can teach people how to speed up and slow
down. There are large signs which explain what
the objective of each of the areas are, and the
signs have QR codes which people can scan with
their mobile phones to access a video or further
explanations of the mechanics that are being taught
at each of the areas.
I liked the concept of ensuring that instructors
provide Guests with “easy fun” and slowly progress
to “hard fun” to ensure the Guests have a great and
memorable experience and return for more lessons.
The simple idea that movement=fun is also a good
concept for instructors to keep in the back of their
minds to minimise the amount of talking they do
during a lesson.
And I think the concept of the Terrain Based Learning
and the self-guided lessons are an interesting idea
and one we may see in our resorts in the future.
It has reinforced my own wishes to have a semipermanent
Cross Country Skier-X type course at the
Perisher XC trails or similar Terrain Based Learning
Stations.
Looking Forward to Levi 2023
Richard Jameson
As the information and work done from the 2016-
2019 team settles we look forward to the evolution
and changes ahead that will ultimately sink into
our association over the coming years. If you
have ever considered going to Interski as an APSI
member I would highly recommend you to think
about attending the next congress in Levi Finland
in 2023. It will for sure be one of the highlights of
your snow sports career as it has been for many of
our supporters over the years. A big thank you to all
those who were a part of our Bulgarian journey this
year, it was great to have you all there as part of the
Aussie Team.
Get Involved
and Help Shape the Future
For those wishing to help shape the future of the
APSI and the way we do things by being a member
of the APSI National Demonstration Team, the 2020-
2023 teams will be selected next Australian winter.
All information regarding the selection criteria, teams
function and member attributes will be advertised to
all members in the new year, 2020.
Good luck and feel free to drop us a line if you
would like to know more.
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Training
Tips
Processing feedback to create
meaningful results
Scott Birrell
Feedback is the information received about the
performance of a skill. Feedback can be external,
from an outside source, or internal, from an
individual’s sensory system. This sounds simple.
Yet it is a constant challenge to use feedback
to fuel insight and growth for ourselves and our
students.
This article explores simple strategies to help you
receive and process feedback, leading to better
outcomes for your own training and lessons for
your students.
Getting started A great starting point for any
training session or lesson is to share current goals
and any feedback you have received related to
these goals. Having a two-way discussion allows
the trainer and trainee (or instructor and student)
to understand a suitable starting point, formulate a
plan, and work together effectively. Discuss what is
working and what needs clarification.
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Once a skill or task is performed, you will receive
feedback either externally, internally, or both. Here
are a few options for processing that feedback:
Apply If you understand the feedback received,
start by applying it. Often we want to understand
the big picture, but by applying the feedback first
we can gather additional useful feedback through
our senses, or by achieving success or failure.
Ignore We swim in an ocean of feedback.
Sometimes it is too much and we are better off
focusing on the one thing that is helping us, rather
than adding further distractions. As the saying
goes, by chasing two rabbits you catch none.
Ignoring feedback just prior attempting an exam is
one example- it may be best to stick with what you
know, then revisit the new feedback when you have
more time to process it.
Ignoring or excluding feedback in your lessons
is equally important. What you don’t say is often
more important than what you do say. Picking
the one piece of feedback which will deliver the
greatest result enables your student to understand
and apply, without getting lost in too many pieces
of information.
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Photo by James Crompton

Seek clarification If you don’t understand something,
ask for clarification. Often you know what your trainer
said, but you really want to know what they meant.
The same applies in lessons with your students.
Explain your interpretation of what was said, ask for
a different analogy or cue- anything to help achieve
two-way understanding.
Bringing feedback together to create meaningful
results. The goal of feedback is to improve
understanding, performance, or ideally both. We
want feedback to be positive, simple and accurate
to have the greatest effect. However, delivering,
receiving and processing feedback well is not always
easy. The good news is that it can be developed
with practice. Start by being deliberate- set clear
goals and communicate clearly. Work to develop
your internal feedback mechanisms, and make a
conscious decision whether to apply, ignore, or
clarify the external feedback you are receiving.
A well-timed, relevant piece of feedback can
provide the light-bulb moments that make
instructing and training such a rewarding
experience for everyone involved.
Becoming a Tactile Learner and the
Importance of Feeling
Jack Percy
Being able to feel what our skis are doing under
our feet and the input we are having on the ski is
incredibly important in performing and progressing.
We see the effects of not being able to feel what we
are doing in most of the lessons we teach. This can
range from guests not being able to recognise how
much they are flexing particular joints, or struggling
to feel which ski they are balanced on throughout a
turn. For guest and instructor, the result of not being
able to recognise feelings results in a reliance on
others for verbal feedback, post-skiing visual analysis
and an inability to self-regulate movements whilst
skiing. However, even if you are not a tactile learner,
you can still improve your ability to recognise and
translate feelings.
To help yourself more accurately understand
movements you first need to slow down and begin to
recognise feelings. It is incredibly difficult to pinpoint
how various movements feel when we are thinking
about too many things. For example, have a go at
figuring out where you are balanced on your foot in
a basic parallel turn, then a basic christie and even a
snowplough stop. Slow down as much as you need
in order to be able to focus on a feeling.
Once you begin to recognise feelings it is important
that you find out if you are accurately translating
them. For example, it is not uncommon for a guest to
say they feel they are balancing on their whole foot,
only for them to later recognise that they are actually
much further back than first thought. You can ask
your trainer to help confirm or translate feelings or
get someone to film you and do this yourself.
After you begin to both recognise and accurately
translate these feelings it is time to experiment with
various interpretations of movements. For example,
for some people the feeling of an active cross over
can feel as if they are moving down the hill and away
from their feet while for others it can feel as if they are
moving across the hill and over their feet. Whilst both
of these are an accurate translation of a movement,
they are both a very different interpretation of a
feeling.
Level 4 Alpine Exam - Photo by James Crompton
Overall, teaching yourself to become a better tactile
skier will fistly, greatly improve your all-round skiing.
Secondly, it will give you the ability to help your
students to more accurately understand what they
are doing and thirdly it will give you the ability to
better explain movements to different people.
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Self-Awareness in Skill Acquisition
James Crompton
Australian winters are short and structuring our
training time is crucial to results. We’re trained to
recognise our guest’s stages of learning, but how
often do we apply it to ourselves?
Ask yourself, “In which phase of skill acquisition am I
right now?” and let the answer guide your training…
“I don’t understand” - Cognitive Phase You need to
know what it is that you’re trying to do, why and how
to do it. Some of these may help you:
• Verbal explanations
• Written explanations
• Drawings/diagrams
• Demonstrations
• Sensations or feelings
It’s quite likely that you’ll need some external
input - whether that’s from a trainer, book, video
or colleague. Once you have that, experiment, try
different ranges, rates and timings of the movements
you’re trying to learn. Be open to making mistakes.
“I know what I need to do, I just struggle to do it” -
Associative Phase Once we understand, we need
time to practice. Repetition of the correct movement
patterns will lead to consistency, whilst variety helps
avoid boredom.
Paul Lorenz at the September 2018 Demo Team Training - Photo by James Crompton
Feedback helps us know when we’re doing things
correctly and may come from:
• Trainers
• Video analysis
• Tracks in the snow
• Sounds that our equipment makes
• Feelings in muscles or against our equipment
As we move through this phase of learning we
should try to move from extrinsic sources of
feedback to intrinsic ones, to take more responsibility
and ownership of our performance, to move towards
self-coaching.
“I can do it all the time, with consistency” -
Autonomous Phase If you can do it automatically
and without thinking about it, you’ve now acquired
the skill. Awesome! But development doesn’t end
there. Now it’s time to increase the challenge,
develop creativity and flair:
• Go faster, steeper
• Change the line, rhythm, speed or terrain
You have the extra capacity to think about other
things, so adjust the task to challenge your ability
to adapt. Blend the skills differently to change the
outcome.
Be aware of where you are in these phases and
what you need - it will help you decide where and
how to spend your training time.
References / Further Reading:
APSI Inc 2017, Alpine Teaching Manual - Chapters 2.4.1-2.4.7, Contact & Clarendon Printing, Sydney, AU.
Fitts, P.M., & Posner, M.I. 1967. Human Performance, Brooks/Cole, Oxford, UK.

Trust yourself and the process
Sam Smith Roberson
Interpreting your Feedback This is important to your
Focus on yourself, not others Focusing on yourself
ongoing development. Stay positive and don’t be
ties in closely with having confidence in your
afraid to keep asking for clarification and examples.
existing skills. Others have their focus, and you
Understanding needs to come before applying; don’t
have yours. If your feedback is different from others
forget this important step. Change in your movement
that doesn’t mean it’s a negative thing. Take your
doesn’t always come quickly, so be patient and
peers’ comments about your skiing lightly, and don’t
ensure you take time understanding and practicing
let any jokes within your training group effect your
your feedback to reach your desired performance.
performance, development or confidence.
However, also be careful not to turn into a tip junkie.
Most importantly, in the lead up to exams, ensure
Don’t fall into the trap of wanting tips from your
you know what your focus is for particular tasks
trainer all the time. This can hinder your ability to
and components. There are many tasks within each
fully take control of your learning. A huge part of
component, and everyone goes about performing
interpreting feedback is being able to spend time
these differently. Keep your composure and don’t
assessing your own ski performance.
let yourself get distracted by what others are doing.
on
Have Self-Confidence in your existing skills and
ability to ski
It’s easy to allow yourself to become self-conscious
of your skiing, especially in an environment where
your peers, trainers and management can frequently
assess your skiing. Try to remember we all started
somewhere and the best way forward is to keep
challenging yourself and to trust you can develop
your existing set of skills.
Whether it’s Stance, Rotary, Edging or Pressure
control, everyone focuses on something to try to
blend the skills for their desired performance. Turn
those judging stares as you are skiing next to a
chairlift into motivation to show everyone what you
are working on. Later on, you might even be able to
ask how you went.
Have faith in your training; ski and teach honestly, in
the long term it’s better for development.
Don’t talk yourself out of the process The APSI has
one of the most affordable and quality driven ski
association in the world. If you’re passionate about
improving your skiing participating in any course or
exams is a fantastic opportunity to challenge yourself
and receive feedback from the best in the industry.
If you’re hesitating to participate in the next step of
training due to finance, self-confidence, motivation
or any other reason, don’t forget that regardless
of your results every attempt and effort is seen as
professional development in the eyes of our industry
and many others.
When weighing up your choice, whether to
challenge yourself to participate in courses and
exams or not, ask yourself what you really have to
benefit from delaying your growth.
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Rookie Trainer Bobby Kelly - Photo by James Crompton
41

apsi snowpro December 2019
42
for the injured skier or
snowboarder
Michaela Patton
On August 22, I was injured while training on a
Trainer Development Day at Falls Creek. I ruptured
my ACL and dislocated my kneecap, and have spent
the past eight weeks rehabilitating for my surgery.
It’s been a long wait between my injury and the
upcoming surgery, but staying active has definitely
helped me during this time, and I am looking forward
to getting on the road to recovery.
For anyone who has ever been injured, there are a
number of factors that affect the way people recover
from injury – physical, mental, emotional, social and
financial, just to name a few. While I could spend
a long time covering all facets of recovery from
injury, this article just focuses on training, and tips to
continue staying active while injured.
I want to point out that every injury scenario is
different, so what has worked for me in my situation
may not be suitable for you. Be sure to check with
your doctor, surgeon or physio before starting any
form of physical activity while injured.
Do as the medics say There’s a reason why people
take ski lessons from you – because you are more
knowledgeable and experienced than your average
skier, and most of you would expect clients to follow
your advice. Now put the shoe on the other foot,
and when a medical professional gives you advice,
appreciate that they will know more than you about
their area of expertise! Following the guidelines of
your medical team will mean you know exactly what
to do and what not to do, so that you are training
safely and avoiding further injury.
Consult a personal trainer I’ve been creating my
own fitness regime for a while now, having a fair bit
of experience in the gym and a Cert III in Fitness
under my belt. So while I was able to create a training
routine to perform at home, going to the gym was
also incredibly helpful. But if you don’t have a good
understanding of what kind of training routine you
need, a few PT sessions will definitely help. For me,
working with a trainer meant that he could assist
me with retrieving and returning the heavier weights
that I wasn’t able to lift on my feet, and he also had
a few extra ideas to keep my workouts creative and
safe. Having an appointment with the trainer once or
twice a week also gave me a sense of purpose and
motivation to be somewhere at a certain time, which
is a big help if you’re off work and missing your
routine.
Don’t neglect your physio Sometimes when you’re
given the all-clear to start doing other training, you
tend to neglect the fundamental exercises that the
physio has prescribed to prepare for or recover
from surgery. I found I was far more motivated to be
at the gym doing bench presses and seated rows,
because my upper body was uninjured and I was
able to train like I normally would. Practising bending
and straightening my leg like I was instructed to do
by the physio, however, was frustrating and painful.
Something I’ve learned is that it’s much easier to
skip working on something that reminds you just how
injured you are. Give yourself a hall pass every now
and again, but remember that regaining functional
movement is far more important than training the
uninjured parts of your body.
Working on straightening the injured
leg with resistance
Set yourself goals and guidelines I aimed to workout
5 times per week, which was attainable and a good
way of making it part of my routine. Having single
days off meant that I didn’t get in the habit of being
sedentary, but I didn’t beat myself up for missing
a day here or there. I used an app called “Strong”
which let me create and save routines, record my
workouts and keep track of my sets and reps. I made
sure that each session was 45-60 minutes long, so
downloading hour-long podcasts was really helpful to
pass the time when fast beats weren’t exactly fitting
the speed of my workout! And of course I needed to
follow the guidelines set out to me my the physio. For

Upper body and back exercise
- Bent over high pull
example, I wasn’t allowed to use any weights while
standing, but it was okay to do them seated so long
as someone else helped out carrying them. I used
resistance bands for any at-home workouts, and had
a few thicknesses of these to try and increase the
difficulty of each of the exercises. If you’re anything
like me, giving yourself goals and parameters will
make you more likely to keep up your fitness while
keeping workouts safe and efficient.
Respect your body The fatigue that I have
experienced over the past eight weeks has been
overwhelming. For someone who very rarely takes
naps, I found myself exhausted and needing to rest
most afternoons. I’ve definitely learned to listen to
my body, and made sure I took appropriate rest
days and didn’t overload my body. I never thought
that walking 400m to the shops and back for the
first time with a walking stick and not crutches would
lead to my knee’s most painful night. You’ve got to
accept that there’s a new normal, and that overdoing
it can be just as detrimental as doing nothing at all.
So while I haven’t turned off the step counter on
my watch altogether, I now rejoice at a 3,000 step
day! As I become more mobile in the lead-up to my
surgery, I’m practising walking with no brace, starting
to do more strength sessions with the physio, and
am icing my knee every day.
I want to wish all the best to our members for the
northern hemisphere winter or the Australian summer
- enjoy the change of scenery and a bit of a break.
Do your best to stay injury-free, but if things do go
wrong, stay active within your limits and on track to
a safe and speedy recovery!
Enlightenment
Crossing Over to the Dark Side
^
Jarrah Obrien
For the duration of my snowsports life, I’ve always
been a skier - from a long line of skiers. I tried
snowboarding a couple of times but it didn’t seem
logical for me to learn when I could go everywhere
on the mountain more easily on skis.
The last couple of years, I seem to have reached a
point where I’m more interested in branching out into
other methods of sliding around on snow, partly to
understand how to teach skiing more effectively. I
started with adaptive last season, then in June this
year I decided to challenge myself with a Snowboard
Level 1 course. My initial motivation largely hinged
on gaining a pay rise from my northern hemisphere
employer for being dual cert. But from day two of
the course, that thought moved to the back of my
head, as I started to thoroughly enjoy learning to
snowboard better. Having strapped a board to my
feet less than a dozen times before, I found the tasks
a real challenge, and my body was sore.
When I received my certificate on day four, I started
to process what I had learned. Not only did I
feel I would actually enjoy teaching someone to
snowboard for the first time, but I realised I had
learned a skill that could also help me improve my
skiing!
In order to maintain balance on the heel edge of
a snowboard, one must lift the balls of the feet,
contracting the muscles in the ankle (dorsi-flexion).
Sustaining this flexion for more than a few seconds
caused my shins and ankles to ache, suggesting
I don’t use those muscles very much! This got me
thinking – How am I flexing my ankles when I’m
skiing?
Getting back on my skis the next day, starting to
play around with the movements, I discovered I had
mostly been relying on good body alignment over my
foot in order to maintain front boot cuff pressure to
bend the boot. By adding active flexion of my ankle,
as I had done on the board, I was able to more easily
maintain an effective stance and better balance on
my skis! This ankle flex seems obvious, but I hadn’t
quite figured it out, until I learned some of the basic
movements of snowboarding!
So next time you catch yourself thinking your
preferred way of sliding is the best and only way,
consider taking the challenge and you might be
surprised at the benefits of crossing over.
apsi snowpro December 2019
43

On patience.
Tom Hodges
apsi snowpro December 2019
44
Its something I hear all the time from onlookers to
many of my adaptive lessons. An assumption made
about teaching students use specialist equipment to
overcome some physical or intellectual hurdle. But I
also hear it from parents and friends of mainstream
students in general. I can hear it coming from the
first syllable. I actively have to restrain myself from an
exaggerated eye roll. Yep, here it comes..…
Them: “You must have soooo much patience!”
Me: “haha, yes thanks, I love my job”
Internal monologue: “ARGGGHHH, WHY DO PEOPLE
ALWAYS SAY THIS!”
Truth is, yes ok, I probably have some patience. And
yes, working in the adaptive snowsports industry
does build both empathy and resilience. But
honestly, patience is not part of my personal 9 lesson
essentials, its not a tool I rely on and you shouldn’t
either.
‘Patience is not part of my personal 9 lesson essentials,
its not a tool I rely on and you shouldn’t either’
To me, the most valuable thing about having
patience is knowing that when I start to use that
as a tool, its a cue to me that my lesson is running
off the rails. It means something is going wrong, I
have set my student up to fail and now instead of
‘its a cue... it means something is going
wrong, I have set my student up to fail and
now instead of frustration, I reach into my
bag of tricks and dig out some patience’
frustration, I reach into my bag of tricks and dig out
some patience. It might also mean that I’m dealing
with boredom, which again is a terrible sign that
my lesson is failing. Hopefully it was a small speed
bump, not a total de-rail and my lesson is back on
track quickly. Because honestly my patience reserves
aren’t that large, and of course no-bodies patience is
endless.
The funny thing is my student almost never comment
on my levels of patience. They see that we are a
team, both working to achieve common a goal.
They understand that I am as invested as they are in
their development and if some marks are deducted,
because it means I’m failing them as must as they
are failing me. After which, we can move on together
knowing to avoid mistakes of the past.
To me, the patience problem is easily broken with
one key ideal. Relationships. The relationship
between you and your guest is key. If we can build
an honest, open and truthful relationship with your
guests then we can build goals together, we can plan
out a progression, understand what challenges to
reach for, we understand what level of risk we hare
happy to be exposed to. We can be understanding
when small things go wrong and we can plan
to avoid further sticky situations. Though strong
relationships we build understanding and empathy
and a shared new set of values. With this in our back
pocket together boredom and frustrations should
melt away and...
...our reserves of patience can be used elsewhere:
Like when trying to buy a quick lunch
in a busy resort centre on a weekend in school
holidays….. ARGH!!! Now THAT required a great
deal of patience!!!

MINDSET is everything
Emma Christansen
Something extremely important to facilitate
productive training that is often overlooked or even
forgotten is a candidate’s mindset. Being in the
right head space and having the right mentality is
extremely important for someone to progress, make
changes and eventually achieve their goals.
A mindset refers to whether you believe qualities
such as intelligence and talent are fixed or
changeable traits. Mindsets are broken down into 2
main categories: Growth and Fixed.
Fixed Mindset?
Belief that intelligence and talent
are fixed traits.
“I already know how to make a short turn.
Practice won’t make it any better.”
Characteristics: Avoids challenges, gives
up easily, sees effort as temporary, gets
frustrated and ignores feedback and
correction, feels threatened by
others’ success.
A Growth mindset is extremely important for
effective training. This mindset will encourage a
hardworking, open minded Snowsports instructor
who is coachable and will be able to reach their full
potential.
We are all human and at times a fixed mindset will
happen and if it does, here are a few points to think
about, that really relate to us in our Snowsports
training.
Photo by James Crompton
These will help if you feel like you are stuck in a fixed
mindset:
Embrace your imperfections. If you hide from your
weaknesses, you will never be able to overcome
them.
Try different learning styles and tactics. Everyone is
different, what works for your training buddies may
not necessarily work for you. There’s no learning
style that fits everyone. Get to know yourself and
what styles suit you.
Replace the word failing with the word learning.
When falling short of a component or you haven’t
quite achieved your goal. You have been through
such a process of learning to where you are now.
Don’t forget this.
Be realistic about time and effort. Learning doesn’t
Growth Mindset?
Belief that intelligence and talent
are changeable traits.
“Anyone can be good at short turns. Skill
comes from practice.”
Characteristics: Embraces challenges,
pushes through setbacks, believes effort is
most important, takes on feedback and
correction, is inspired and learns
by others’ success.
happen with the click of your fingers. It takes time.
So, don’t expect to master every concept, exercise or
movement in one session.
Value the process over the end result. Try to enjoy
the process of training and learning even if at times it
takes longer than anticipated.
Although everyone is different, and each person will
take an individual path during their instructing career.
A growth mindset will encourage the best learning
environment throughout and steer you in the right
direction, whatever you choose that to be.
apsi snowpro December 2019
45

Technical
Reports
apsi snowpro December 2019
46
Photo by James Crompton
ALPINE
Richard Jameson
2019 will certainly go down in the
books as a successful year not
without its challenges faced along
the way.
APSI Alpine had one of its largest participation rates
on record and the highest exam attendance we have
seen across all of our certification levels this decade.
It’s fantastic to see that our APSI members and
colleagues are finding such value in the certification
courses and exams to drive this volume. Attributed
I’m sure in part to having access to ski and train
with our extremely talented staff who are working for
the APSI out in the mountains. Some of our alpine
trainers not only spent a chunk of their time running
alpine products this season but also taking part in
some multi-skilling by participated in other discipline
courses themselves. Likewise for us, we all found
such great value in being a participant during the
level 1 and 2 courses with our colleagues from the
various disciplines APSI has under our one banner.
There have been some changes on a management
front, which I have outlined on page 3

See if you can spot some of our Alpine trainers in these
pics for Snowboard, Nordic and Adaptive level 1’s.
A Mt. Buller Level 1 course candidate delivers a
great snowplough demonstration during a practice
teaching session at one of our many level 1 courses
that happens across the country each year.
The participation at all levels this year was inspirational
to see. Falls Creek turned on some great weather for the
Level 3 VIC state exam this season.
I hope you have enjoyed this Interski special issue
there have been many great experiences included
from the alpine team in this edition and I have added
my thoughts on pages 9, 18, 31 and 39
It’s been a privilege to help guide our APSI alpine
products again this season and watching the
talent pool grow within our organisation both in the
Level 4 candidate Chris Wright lays them over
during the level 4 GS Speed Test.
Alpine trainer Scott Birrell takes a level 3 pre-course
through a teaching segment on jumping and basic tricks.
certification courses and through our staff trainer
ranks is definitely a highlight for me. With the skills
and knowledge continually being passed on and
built on, the APSI and Australian ski teaching in
general looks strong for many years to come.
Good luck to those of you heading overseas this
northern winter to continue the journey and I hope
to see all of you back safely in the Aussie mountains
next year.
apsi snowpro December 2019
47

SNOWBAORD
Kylie Dwyer
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48
I would like to share my great pride to be able to
represent the APSI and the membership as the
new Snowboard Technical Director. I have been in
the Snowsports Industry for 22 years, a certified
instructor for 18 years and an APSI examiner for 14
years. This season my focus was ensuring courses
and exams continued to run smoothly. I was able
to find out where strengths and opportunities lie for
snowboard. I am looking forward to working with the
talented Snowboarding trainers, and other teams in
the APSI.
In training team news, we welcomed three new
Snowboard Trainers to the APSI this year, Scott
Cairney, Sarah Beynsberger and Matt Dannenberg.
Congratulations and thank you for your hard work
and enthusiasm this season.
Snowfall came late this season but the resorts did
a fantastic job snowmaking, which was needed
for some of the early Level One courses. Snow
conditions in September were great which allowed us
to conduct some late season Level One courses and
exams successfully.
Adam Federico, Oscar Alston, Adam Rigby and I,
represented Australia at and during the lead up to
Interski 2019 which was held in Pamporovo, Bulgaria.
We had the opportunity to showcase Australian
Snowboarding to the world and during the weeklong
event we attended of on-snow workshops,
indoor presentations, networked, and shared ideas.
Our presentations were well received and we’re
working to integrate what we learnt into the Australian
System.Remember, you too can attend the next
Interski in Levi, Finland, as an official supporter! This
means you can attend all workshops, presentations,
shows, networking and social events. You can read
more about Interski2019 on the APSI website at
https://www.apsi.net.au/interski19.
We had excellent participation in courses and exams
this year. We had a 51% increase in participation at
Level One, 100% increase in participation at Level
Two and a 67% increase in participation at Level
Four. The Resit Exams at Hotham with pass rates
being well above national averages for all levels.
The first staff Level One exam at Mt Baw Baw was
held this year with 8 successful candidates. Thank
you Mt. Baw Baw for hosting this event. Perisher
hosted the largest in APSI snowboarding to date
with 43 participants, thank you to Perisher for
accommodating us.
Thredbo was the best performing resort in the Level
2 exam with 83% of their candidates passing. If
you would like to attend a Level Two course and for
any reason cannot make the dates your resort has
set, please reach out to us and we can see how we
may assist you in attending a course. I would like to
congratulate James LaSalle from Mt. Buller, Chris
Bush from Hotham and Damien James from Thredbo
for attaining their Level 4 qualification!
The Snowboard Team have several projects in the
works. The ideas that are developing are exciting and
I look forward to working with this team in creating
and updating our educational material that will serve
all our members. We have advanced on the content
in the APSI App, so watch for updates regarding that
as well.
To all our members who participated in a course or
exam this year, thank you! As always in any career,
there may be speed bumps on your journey as
you move through your career as a Snowsports
Instructor, whether this be in your teaching goals,
personal riding goals, certification goals or perhaps
what you wish to provide to your customers or
how you strive to succeed in regards to your
job. Remember, we are a close community in
the Snowsports Industry and even closer in the

1.
2.
3.
4.
6.
5.
7.
Snowboard world. There is much support, talent and
experience among all our members, whether actively
working in the industry or not, and that support is
always there for you, through your trainers and other
APSI staff, to tap into whenever needed.
I would like to formally thank Richard Jameson,
Adam Federico, Richard Hocking, Tiffany Ingle,
Suzanna Brown, all the Snowsports School Directors,
APSI Resort Representatives and resort Training
Managers. Without you all my season as Technical
Images:
• 1,2 & 7: 2019 Spring Sessions
• 3: Freestyle fun at the Level 3 course in Mt. Buller.
• 4: Trainer Jon Steel with his (and Kylie Dwyer) groups,
August Level 1, Hotham
• 5: Jasmina, Heidi, Stephanie and Geoff from Mt. Buller at
the Level 3 exam - Photo by Rusty Lin
• 6. Trainer Damien James with his group, September Level 1,
Perisher
Director would not have run so smoothly. I would
also like to thank Andy Rae, Alexia Colville, Jason
Clauscen and Tim Stuart for all you have done for
the APSI in previous years and for your constant
openness in giving support.
I hope you have enjoyed this Interski edition. The
snowboard team have been working on collating
the information gained from this event and will be
distributing it via the APSI website in addition to our
articles on pages 16 & 26
apsi snowpro December 2019
49

TELEMARK
Richard Hocking
apsi snowpro December 2019
2019 was another great season with plenty of snow
and for a change some sunny weather. Telemark
had another great season plenty of courses running
and a record number of both Level 2 candidates in
both courses and attempting exams. My goal of a
trainer in each resort continues to progress and the
Telemark Demo Team has continued to engage the
broader skiing community.
Course attendance grew by 5% with 45 candidates
attempting courses. There were three level 1
courses, three level 2 courses and the new Nordic
Backcountry course outlined below. The big growth
in 2018 was the number of candidates taking exams
with 15 candidates attaining their Level 2 certification,
up 100% on last year. Congratulations to you all.
APSI Telemark was also at the BC Festival at Mt
Hotham. I would like to thank Mt Hotham for allowing
me to run a day of workshops raising money for
the Interski Team. I had planned on taking out three
sessions of 8 people, but extra people kept turning
up and in the end there were 32 participants instead
of my planned 24. There is a genuine appetite for
telemark training and events in the community and
organising something in NSW to compliment the BC
Impromptu waxing
festival is a personal focus for next season.
A trial Nordic Backcountry Ski Instructor Course
designed to train military trainers for their Cold
Weather Unit was a success. The course is aimed at
efficient Backcountry Travel in heavy touring or light
telemark equipment and involves a day of Nordic
techniques, a day of alpine techniques and a day
of telemark techniques with a final assessment day.
The course was designed as a feeder course and 4
candidates went onto attaining their Telemark Level 2
as well last season. Zac describes the opportunities
to grow this course in his Nordic Report
See our report on page 23 about the Lurk or as the
Germans call it Alpenstock and details on how we
are now using it in our Telemark Progression
Level 2 course in Neseko
Congratulations Keith and Rohan
50

ADAPTIVE
Tom Hodges
APSI Adaptive had another fantastic year in 2019.
First and foremost, congratulations to the 19 new
Adaptive instructors who achieved the Adaptive
certification this season! Everyone who sat exams,
regardless of outcome should be extremely proud
of their achievements. The exam process can
highlight areas where people feel strong, but also
shines a light on areas where they might a little extra
training. This is part of a process of learning that for
some may take seasons. Certainly everyone came
away from the exam days both proud of what they
achieved on the day, but also picking up tips and
tricks to throw in to their teaching toolbox.
The feedback on in house training from candidates
was overwhelmingly positive. The passion and
commitment of the Adaptive training team is only
matched by their skill in the field. We have excellent
trainers across the country and I am proud to work
with such talented and experienced colleagues.
With this team the APSI was able to hold more NTC
training days across more resorts allowing already
certified instructors to renew or refresh their training
to continue there education in the industry. It was
Thredbo adaptive NTC day
great to see people open and excited to continue
their learning.
As always, the nothing is 100% perfect, and there
are areas for improvement. It was disappointing to
see some resorts not able to find adequate training
hours to complete training and qualify for the exams.
Likewise the reach of our training staff fell short
to find gaps in the calendar to reach every resort.
The seasons get busier and busier and often times
instructors have to prioritise work over training,
or a day-off over work, travel for Interschools or
diversifying to a second discipline. The challenges
for training career instructors are many to be sure,
and getting in those hours of adaptive training cant
always be top of the list, but I assure you that if you
can build a strong training group, and dedicate the
time to your education, the benefits will be many.
To this end, the APSI is always trying to offer training
opportunities to its members to better their teaching
skill and broaden their industry knowledge and
experience. To this the Adaptive team is looking at
new approaches for the 2020 season and changes
are in the works.
So keep an eye out for more info, have an amazing
summer wherever it takes you and get excited for
another amazing season in 2020!
apsi snowpro December 2019
Falls Creek, Perisher & Hotham
2019 Adaptive exams
51

NORDIC
Zac Zaharias
apsi snowpro December 2019
52
2019 was a very successful year for Nordic, with
a 74 % increase in course participants from 2018.
Of particular note was the running of a Level 1
Course at Lake Mountain from 30-31 May with 8
participants. This is the first time APSI has run a
course specifically for Lake Mountain Ski School
and with snow making facilities now installed at Lake
Mountain this will enable training and professional
development to occur prior to the season start each
year.
A combined Level 1 and 2 course was conducted
at Mt Hotham from 23-26 September with many
Hotham Alpine and Snowboard Instructors taking
the opportunity to become qualified in another
discipline. With the Lake Mountain Course in May
and the Hotham course late September, Nordic was
able to boast the first and last APSI courses for the
Australian winter.
Unfortunately, courses scheduled for Falls Creek
were not conducted due to low numbers. However,
the disappointing numbers at Falls Creek were offset
by growth at Mt Hotham and Lake Mountain.
Total participation on courses in 2019 is shown
below:
• 43 Level 1,
• 15 Level 2,
• 1 Level 3, and
• 2 Level 4 (continuing)
Combined Level 1 and 2 Course
Curriculum
The combined Level 1 and 2 course at Mt Hotham
was the second time this product was offered. It is
tailored towards candidates who have a higher level
of skiing skill and who can progress to teaching
skating technique which is first offered on the Level
2 course. The curriculum was refined after the initial
trial conducted at Mt Buller in 2018 and will now be
incorporated into the Nordic Redbook.
Trial Nordic Back Country Ski
Instructor Course
Telemark, with Nordic trainer support conducted a
trial Level 1 nordic backcountry Instructors course
tailored to a military audience (badged as Military
Telemark Instructors). Based on some initial market
analysis, a hybrid course covering nordic and
telemark skills could appeal to the outdoor education
and backcountry sector using telemark and/or alpine
touring equipment. I would appreciate feedback from
APSI Instructors who are employed in the outdoor
education sector to gain an understanding of what
could be included in the curriculum and what the
trade-off would be. For example, if participants used
telemark skis, how would we be able to effectively
teach diagonal stride?
Recalls and Instructor Professional
Development
Two “free” recalls run as professional development
days were run at Perisher and Dinner Plain. Both
were successful and well received. This product will
continue to be offered to all ski schools and regions
in 2020.
Framework for Nordic progression
There has been some discussion amongst Nordic
trainers about the need to develop a different
framework for Nordic instruction. Currently our
manual describes the Nordic progression in terms of
a logical sequence of building blocks or skill clusters,
taught from basic to more advanced. While this
approach is effective and is a simple (and traditional)
way to provide both the instructor and learner a
logical pathway for skill development, it has some
limitations. For example, we are seeing more and
more skiers coming into Nordic from alpine skiing

Images Top to Bottom:
• Road Closed
- Lake Mountain 30 May
Level 1 Nordic
• Kerrie Raymond
demonstrating classic
- Lake Mountain Level 1
• Level 1 Perisher
• It’s Snowing!
Warm up games - Level 1
Lake Mountain
and who do not want to do classical skiing. This can
be challenging trying to determine a realistic pathway
for progressing into skating. Do you encourage them
to do classical first? Where do you start your first
skating lesson?
As well, out nordic progression is somewhat linear,
and by definition it constrains our thinking. The more
we look at both classical and skating technique while
there are obvious differences (ie grip zone versus
glide) there are also many similarities. An alternate
framework is to look at foundation skills that such as
stance, rotary, edging, pressure, timing and rhythm.
Such a framework enables us to teach and conduct
more effective movement analysis that can be
agnostic of technique (e.g. stance is fundamentally
the same for both techniques). This framework is
more prevalent in alpine and telemark and there is
merit in adding this framework to our Nordic manual.
Richard Hocking, a Level 4 nordic candidate and
Noel Mungovan will be taking a closer look at this
framework over the summer and I also welcome your
input.
Re-write of the Nordic Manual Sections
1, 2 and Level 1 and 2 Workbooks
I have received considerable feedback on the
strength and limitations of our Manual and
Workbooks. I have taken this on-board and a big
job will be to rewrite these in time for the 2020 winter
season. In time, I would like to have the Level 1 and
2 Workbooks available on-line in a simplified, easier
to answer format which will make it quicker to work
through and easier for the Trainer to mark. The timely
completion of workbooks has been a perennial
problem for Nordic courses.
INTERSKI
Jane Scheer and I attended Interski team in
Pamporovo Bulgaria from 17-22 Mar 2019. Much
was learned at Interski with some of the key learnings
having already been incorporated into our courses.
Further work will be done over the summer to revise
the Nordic skills and Teaching theory Manuals.
Enjoy your summer. I will be Nordic racing in Japan
and Europe for 5 weeks. I look forward to working
closely with you in the 2020 ski season.
apsi snowpro December 2019
53

2019 results
a warm welcome to:
LEVEL 4
ALPINE
Stuart Mclean
Sam Smith Roberson
Thomas Ward
Dizzi Stern
Jamie Stevens
Tom Gilmour
Jessica Haslau
Lisa Mccomb
apsi snowpro December 2019
Timothy Brown
Chloe Gerasimou
Christopher Harris
Eliza Larard
Stephanie Morgan
Jack Rogers
Eric Spargo
Michael Teakle
Juliane Garland
Kathryn Keane
James La Salle
Chris Bush
Diana Rivera Garcia
Nikita Mcbryde
Thomas Mcgilp
Atsunori Okahashi
Kailey Young
Joseph King
Harinat Siriwan
Gregory Bird
Zhaokun Chang
Kaela Glasbrenner
Elsa Roberts
SNOWBOARD
TELEMARK
LEVEL 3
ALPINE
Amy Stirling
Phoebe Stuart
Anoop Tanda
Rebecca Viney
Lauren Wakefield
Jo Dee Yeoh
Michael Carroll
Thomas Cherny
Matilda Coates
Tyson Fitzgerald
Damien James
Chris Lewczynski
Melissa Ford
Amy Ireland
Ryan Kerr
Gabrielle Lacaze
Chia Chen Li
Jonathan Minto
David Odonnell
Nicole Parks
Abbey Stewart
Sam Taylor
SNOWBOARD
Rex Gillian
James Grebert
Joshua Burrough
Matt Davey
Cameron Hardy
Lewis Kostjasyn
Joey Orme
Diana Rivera Garcia
54

LEVEL 2
ALPINE
Ella Belfanti
William Bottrell
George Carrie
Madeline Carroll
Lanhowe Chen
Connor Evans
John Forrest
Lucien Garner Davis
Alex Greene
Annemarie Guhl
Caitlin Halsted
Benjamin Keys
Rohan Knox
Adam Lowe
Laura Lund
Melanja Mattig
Ted O’connell
Emma Pham
Sara Pierce
Enric Pintado
Julia Schwarcz
Francesca Smee
Lani Trevena
Dylan White
Natalia Velo
Danielle Steer
Kieran Brown
Rudker Elliot
Erik Flekander
Jamie Harris
Nick Lamb
Jiakai Le
Blair Mclean
Rory Power
Lauren Wakefield
Kevin Adcock
Laine Glasson
Amy Griffiths
Graeme Lee
Thomas Lo
Calum Murdoch
Zoe Romero
Adelaide Thompson
Laura Anderson
Alexander Clark
Matthew Hallen
Catherine Heathcote-Smith
Philippa Hehir
Daniela Heller
Shih Hsuan Huang
Emma Hubball
Jimmy Kuo
Dane Martin Endres
Louis Mcgowan-Brown
Karni Miller
Polly Moloney
Charles Osmond
Ben Peterson
Tsung-An Shen
Henry Sheppard
Lachlan Short
Siena Stockdale
Harrison Unsworth
Georgia Von Einem
Manon Webber
Dylan Lewin-Vanyi
Alexandre Pascoe
Isabeau Adamek
Francesca Baird
Genevieve Baird
Alexandria Corso
Joe Draper
Alex Jereb
Cameron Lawrence
Yu Dan (Doris) Leung
Cloudia Lewis
Sophie Mcwilliam-Kerry
Bridget Moore
Charlotte Prichard
Jen Xinyu Qin
Jack Reid
John Russell
Charlie Sheppard
Miriam Stewart
Ethan Topalovic
Margaret Traill
Charlotte Trent
Adam Van Zuylen
Kwan To Wong
SNOWBOARD
Daniel Atherton
Ebony Axford
Elijah Canning
Maxence Chiappini
Larissa Davies
Jason De Jonge
Daniel Langford
Sharni Lock
James Long
Cajun Magennis
Sophie Studd
Chao Wang
Danielle Brooke
Michael Burghart
Thomas Bentzon
Callum Anton
Alvaro Enriquez
Zengming Huang
Benjamin Johnston
Anastasia Perceval
Jen Xinyu Qin
Kerri-Anne Regan
Edward Tickner
Kai Wang
Vittawat Fuangsakorn
TELEMARK
Eureka Hak Wing Woo
Dan Towers
Jack Parkinson
Nicholas Sweeney
Darren Pope
Jacob Guirguis
Jack Harrison
Dewansh Basnet
Kin Yan Chow
Ariane Compagnin
Jon Heddou
Katja Kurten
Oliver Murphy
Jacob Wright
Dean Lester
Keith Jeffers
Rohan Warnock
Photo by James Crompton
apsi snowpro December 2019
55

LEVEL 1
ALPINE
apsi snowpro December 2019
56
Laura Anderson
Ruby Belfanti
Tom Clegg
Eden Constantine
Nadia Edwards
Jeremy Flanagan
Richard Green
Damien Guichard
Matthew Hallen
Chiara Hill
Shih Hsuan Huang
Harrison Jones
Emelia Lithgow
Sharni Lock
Randy Renardi Madja
Dane Martin Endres
Karni Miller
Ema Newton
Ben Peterson
Andrew Rushton
Ella Simson
Samanta Torchio
Kahra Trower
Harrison Unsworth
Andrew Archibald
Lachie Beckett
Rachel Coutin
Fatima Ellis Estrada
Carlos Garcia
Lachlan Green
Cloudia Lewis
Lara May
Louis Mcgowan-Brown
Georgia Elizabeth Milford
Polly Moloney
Glenn Porter
Sarah Shannon
Julian Armstrong
Angelique Atkinson
Angus Backwell
Amberley Bartle
Elliot Blundell
Phillip Burns
Sam Calvert-Jones
Lily Harrison
Chloe Kfouri
Ed Mackinnon
Katherine May
Charlie Mckay
Lachlan Morley
Jessica Roberts
Alex Shergold
Ayden Silva
Siena Stockdale
Cheryl Wilby
Charlotte Williams
Harriet Wise
Oscar Bracken
Chloe Davey
Amelia Evans
Elise Kenny
Sadie Michell
Ella Sayers
Nadia Scorgie
Daniel Smith
Matthew Sprague
Nikolas Sugden
Marcus Antippa
Phillip Antippa
Madelyn Bennett
Margaux Bonnet
Alistair Brown
Keeley Flynn
Bella Green
Simon Hills
Tracey Huntley
Xuelin Li
Emilia Palka
Viktoria Palka
Rebecca Ryan
Ella Sheppard
Hamish Young
Nicholas Allan
Eve Claydon
Kiana Townsend
Angela Van Dyk
Daniel Bogle
Sam Chadwick
Isaac Chase
Matthew Dawson
Matthew Duncan
Maddison Eickenloff
Joseph Hadassin
Lily Josephine Howell
Carter Nicklin
Jane Perrett
Marcus Podgornik
Margaret Scott
Robbie Zeilic
Sally Carlin
Reanna Craig
Mark Doran
Jacob Fanning
Lisa Ingegneri
Kellie Meehan
Bridget Moore
Jack Reid
Rebecca Titterton
Sam Casalaz
Jake Cudworth
Billie Deschamps
Nina Fischer
Jacob Garthon
Tom Hartley
Olivia Harwood
Lauren Hasse
Daniela Heller
Alexandra Henry
Chin Ming Hoon
Kara Horsfield
Madisson Kerr
Ryan Lelliott
Rhiannon Morgan
Charlotte Nelson
William Newby
Nathan Organ
Timothy Pace
James Prichard
Zoe Pritchett
Rhianna Schutz
Santhi Scott
Miriam Stewart
Ethan Topalovic
Holly Wilson
Hayden Armstrong
Ellie-Mae Broomhead
Sasha Crothers
Georgie Dole
Lipo Dunlop
Jordan Fuller
Henry Gleeson
Kiara Goldsmith
Angus Jones
Tom Lempriere
Milly Mccarthy
Hamish Nicol
Joe Nossal
Accalia Paine
Harry Thom
Mitch Watkins
Alice West
Ethan Yap
Eloise Browne
Allegra De Gleria Clark
Leo Flaherty
Jonathon Leggo
Daisy Pilking
Tom Pilkington
Tali Walker
Natalie Alafaci
Gian Luca Cesamolo
Stefano Cesamolo
Jack Clarke
John Hung
Joshua Merchant
Elliot Young
Megan Holding
Jasmin Kemper
Max Model
Grace Parker
Sophie Randall
Adam Scott
Louise Scott-Wilson
Melanie Judd
Nathan O’brien
Henry Page
Cooper Pennell
Thomas Pennell
Jonathan Rose
Noah Savarirayan
Christopher Carter
Jackie Coppin
Stuart Greenlees
Braden Mcgrath
Michaela Mcgrath
Lori Nelson
Marni Shaw
Andrew Baird
Francesca Blundell
Ignacio Borque
Georgia Brown
Chia-Chun Chuang
Katie Fawcett Hanlon
Jemima Gee
Audrey Gray
Danielle Green
Jasper Harris
Thijs Jaarsma
Nina Kanat
Harriet Koch
Michael Lehmann
Cooper Logan
Natasha Logan
Tarek Nahas
Ash Spencer
Kahra Trower
Kaitlyn Ward
Yinyin Wu
Yunxin Xiao
Alex Benson
John Coghlan
Sienna Davies
Samuel Flood
Richie Jenkins
Liam Johnston
Tamasin Jonker
Erin Keogh
Maisie Phillips
Jessica Roach
Edward Tickner
Chi-Che Tsai
Michael Winram
Nicholas Archibald
Rhianna Burke
Chun Ho Victor Chan
Hung-Chun Chiu
Max Clark
Ishaan Dasgupta

Photo by James Crompton
Saskia Fawcett
Jack Fitzpatrick
Mason French
Laurance Garner
Jon Heddou
Art Hodder
Imogen Hosie
Pei-Wen Hsieh
Chris (Chun Yen) Hsu
Sarah Hunter
Ignacio Iglesias
Thea Johnson
Michael Kasumagic
Kaichi Lee
Xuelin Li
Yan Li
Hsinlei Lien
Sam Lowbridge
Sophie Marriott
Jack Morrow
Francisco Agustin Pagano
Christen Richardson
Wenyu Shih
Sarah Stevenson
Sean Sunley
Archibald Sweeney
Zoe Taylor
Rani Thomas
Dakotah Tosh
Joseph Tregilgas
Lai Ping Tsui
Dylan Vorreiter
Anna Waters
Ethan Wilson
Braiden Zappia
Anette Du Plessis
Jacqueline Kohn
Alicia Little
Shuangyi Tao
Nathan Wells
James Colak
Mason Dodds
James Mckay
Craig Richards
Pharlane Teautama
Damon White
SNOWBOARD
Lachlan Ferguson
Lisa Gale
Ryan Jones
Joshua Mahoney
Jo Dee Yeoh
Kevin Archbold
Matthew Bolton
Connor Hookway
Kyle Lamprey
Jarrah O’brien
Bree Saul
James Brodie
Peter Brose
Grace Burgess
Kevin Tien Dinh
Max Forbes
Rowan Jones
Peisha Liang
Brett Meehan
Christina Taylor
Sam Chi-Chen Tsai
Prue Tysoe
Xin Yuan
Maxence Chiappini
Rachel Coutin
Ella Gould
Cain Halpern-Hodge
Daniel Langford
Alison Lewis
Calum Murdoch
Michaela Patton
Tsung-An Shen
Jordan Wong
Jacob Garthon
Benjamin Johnston
Cooper Born
Taratip Chantawat
Madelane Cowan
Ruby Ritchie-Bonifazi
Vishnu Saralertsophon
Kitti Sattathara
Bartholomew Stolarek
Sirinit Wijaithum
Daniel Yang
Karleen Findlay
Bevy John
Jackson Piper
Adam Scott
Sarah Joyce
Reyne Perry
Zachary Skinner
Toa Steiner
Bryce Thompson
Kiana Townsend
Charlotte Trent
Timothy Trent
Michael Woolley
Bill Bolte
Huon Brosnan
Indiana Castro
Marley Castro
Jacob Gelly
Richard May
Seth O’halloran
Scott Richardson
Campbell Shepherd
Meagan Wagner
Luke Wilson
Aquino Calma
Hua Du
Tim Goerner
Bo-Cong Huang
Sheng Yuan Lai
Wei-Cheng Liau
Anna Luong
Su-Man Pai
Drew Powell
Jack Ritchard
Yi-Yuan Su
Nick Wills
Ruijing Zhu
Hugh Bullock
Declan Butler
Chun Ying Ho
Man Chun June Ho
Lisa Ingegneri
Kylie Lovegrove
Bradley Lyons
Katrina Miller-Little
Thomas Parsons
Brendan Ring
Virginia Ring
Hon Chiu Tang
Blake Witham
Shuang Wu
Braiden Zappia
Dave Boyle
Anthony Brooks
Stephen Dela Merced
Scott Eastburn
Morgan Klasén
Zechen Li
Tianqi Liu
Fabio Lucato
Amy Ohehir
Liyuan Peng
Stuart Primrose
Holly Sullivan-Novello
Justin Torpy
Josephine Wruck
Yohan Yue
Joshua Agnew
Nakai Booth-Hargreaves
Lucas Canavan
Hsin Chieh Chen
Shin Chen
Fengjen Chueh
Chad Cornick
Lucinda Cveticanin
Andy Deans
Alison Howes
Wei_Chun Hsiao
Aimei Hsin
Shih Ju Hsu
Ting-Wei Hsu
Po Hsiang Huang
Garrick Hughes-Sparrow
Blake Jenkins
Sebastian Jones
Tingyun (Janel) Kuo
Weiting Lee
Sung -Heng (Prosy) Liao
Yingchen Liu
Andrew Meads
Yiwen Shao
Yuanzhang Song
Hsiu-Ping Tang
Alex Tilley
Hannah Torres Zulueta
Charles Van Vliet
Lachlan Wegener
James Whatman
Ehlana Wright
Chien-Hui Wu
Shiyang Yu
Jing Tian Zhang
Zhe Zhang
Polin Chou
Adrian Clarkson
Jac Eaton
Sam French
Jonathan Howe
Stephanie Ireland
Jordan Knight
Neil Navarro
Aaron Carpenter
Ryan Kerr
Paul Lorenz
Sam Taylor
apsi snowpro December 2019
57

LEVEL 1 cont.
TELEMARK
Filip Likar
Attila Kovacs
Sean Mcgrath
Adam Steer
Richard Snowdon
Susan Donoghoe
Angela Pope
Adrian Laing
Graham Hills
Alexandra Wilson
Violeta Lasalvia
David Suarez Fusalba
Patrick Poelsma
Tetje Wassenaar
Sophie Studd
Mark Watson
Michael Burghart
Enrique De La Sierra
Alexander Jak
Jo Dee Yeoh
Michael Holland
Lani Trevena
NORDIC
Kahra Trower
Matthew Guggisberg
Emma Christiansen
Jon Steel
Nicola Smith
Phoebe Stuart
Richard Jameson
Rachel Mckay
Toscha Stopar
James Long
Kristopher Wheatley
Jarrah O’brien
Jeremy O’sullivan
Malin Colliander
Michael Forrest
Hamish Greenwood
Sam Bylett
Renee Connor
Hannah Price
Peter Lambert
Rohan Essex
Maria Mccrohon
Murray Alleway
Filip Likar
Kathy Ismail
Trevor Paul
Charmaine Beggs
Kim Raymond
Alex Turner
Michael Yarovoy
Katherine Du Guesclin
C
M
ADAPTIVE
Y
apsi snowpro December 2019
Calum Murdoch
Pier-Olivier Desmarais
Louis Mcgowan-Brown
Polly Moloney
Isaac Howard
Daniel Langford
Samanta Torchio
Kate Austin
Emma Christiansen
Laura Anderson
Ryan Carter
Damien Guichard
Ben Peterson
Meghan Welch
Benje Munce
Xiao Tong Lin
Catherine Gliddon
Niall Bluer
Kwan To Wong
Holly Wilson
Ross Saunders
Amy Griffiths
Mary Grace Stocker
Freezing Adaptive Examiners Tom Hodges and Ursina Kradolfer
CM
MY
CY
CMY
K
58

THE BACK COUNTRY & ADVENTURE SPECIALISTS
ALPINE TOURING
TELEMARK
X COUNTRY
SKI HIRE & RETAIL
2 CONVENIENT LOCATIONS
ON Snow @ Perisher opposite the XC trail head
NPWS Building, Perisher Valley
P / 02 6457 5966
E / perisher@wildernesssports.com.au
WWW.WILDERNESSSPORTS.COM.AU
@wildernesssports
Shop 1B Nuggets Crossing
JINDABYNE NSW 2627
P/ 02 6456 2966
E / jindabyne@wildernesssports.com.au
/OZwildernesssports

20/21 RACE
RETAIL RACING
Model Sizes Binding Sidecut Radius Pro Price
PERFORMANCE RACING
WC Rebels eSL RP Evo 14 150 / 155 / 160 / 165 / 170 FF14 125-68 -109 R@165=12.2m $1149
FF11 $1049
20/21 RACE
RETAIL RACING
20/21 RACE
HEAD WINTER SPORTS TASKFORCE 2020/2021 121
WC Rebels RETAIL eSPEED RACING RP Evo 14 165 / 170 / 175 / 180 / 185 FF14 119-68-99 R@180=18.8 $1149
FF11 $1049
20/21 PERFORMANCE
SUPERSHAPE
WC Rebels eRACE RP Evo 14 160 / 165 / 170 / 175 / 180 FF14 122-68-102 R@170=15.7m $1149
FF11 $1049
20/21 PERFORMANCE
SUPERSHAPE
SUPERSHAPE
Supershape e.Titan 156 /163 / 170 / 177/ 184 PRX12 133-84-115
HEAD WINTER SPORTS TASKFORCE 2020/2021
R@170=14.1m $969
121
HEAD WINTER SPORTS TASKFORCE 2020/2021
121
20/21 PERFORMANCE
SUPERSHAPE
Supershape e.Rally 156 / 163 / 170 / 177 PRX12 132-78-114 R@170=14m $969
Supershape e.Magnum 149 / 156 / 163 / 170 / 177 PRX12 129-72-111 R@170=13.1m $969
20/21 PERFORMANCE
SUPERSHAPE
Supershape e.Original 156 / 163 / 170 PRX12 129-66-107 R@170=12.1m $969
Please see your on mountain representative or contact your on mountain retailer for any requirements.
Alternatively orders can be emailed through to rosbert@rosbert.com.au.

Model Sizes Binding Sidecut Radius Pro Price
20/21 FREERIDE
KORE
BIG MOUNTAIN W/Binding Ski Only
Kore 99 162 / 171 / 180 / 189 ATTACK 13 134 - 99- 120 R@170=17m $959 $809
Kore 93 153 / 162 / 171./.180 / 189 ATTACK 13 133-93-115 R@180=16.4m $959 $809
20/21 FREERIDE
20/21 FREERIDE
KORE W
KORE
HEAD WINTER SPORTS TASKFORCE 2020/2021 241
Kore 87 153 / 162 / 171./.180 / 189 ATTACK 11 127-87-112 R@180=16m $929 $809
WOMENS
Kore 93 W 153 / 162 / 171 ATTACK 12 133 - 93- 115 R@180=16.4m $959 $809
20/21 WOMEN FREERIDE
JOY
KORE W
Kore 87 W 153 / 162 / 171 ATTACK 11 125-85-112 R@171=14m
WINTER SPORTS TASKFORCE
$929
2020/2021 241
$809
HEAD
Super Joy SLR 143/148/153/158/163/168 JOY 11 SLR 129 / 75 / 108 R@163=12.2m $839
MT BULLER
Your Locker Room Rep is:
Geoff Walker
0448 791 591
geoff@snowpro.com.au
Your Pro Deal Store is:
Pension Grimus
224 Breathtaker Road
Mt Buller, Victoria,
3723
Full range of boots also available
Your Mountain Contact Details:
FALLS CREEK
Your Locker Room Rep is:
Michaela Patton
0423 877 748
michaela.j.patton@gmail.com
Your Pro Deal Store is:
Central Snowsports
Slalom Street, Lot 7
Falls Creek, Victoria,
3699
HOTHAM
Your Locker Room Rep is:
Sean McCarron
0468 846 638
globalwinterman@hotmail.com
Your Pro Deal Store is:
Zirky’s Sports Store
Great Alpine Road
Hotham Heights, Victoria,
3741
Orders can be placed and collected at our resort retailers or through your
locker room rep. Mounting, pre-tuning and other services can be arranged
directly through the retailer
ALPINE DESIGN OVERVIEW 20/21 | 2019-04-30 | V24
PRO DEALS Pricing courtesy of: Rosbert International, 53 Latitude Blvd, Thomastown, Victoria, 3074
Phone: (03) 9095 7711 | Email: rosbert@rosbert.com.au
Please contact us for any special pricing & availability on any gear outside this offer.
HEAD WINTER SPORTS TASKFORCE 2020/2021
HEAD WINTER SPORTS TASKFORCE 2020/2021
242
241
THREDBO
Your Locker Room Rep is:
Ryan Kerr
0430 338 032
ryanjkerr123@gmail.com
PERISHER
Your Locker Room Rep is:
Nichole Masland
0424 485 693
HEAD WINTER SPORTS TASKFORCE 2020/2021 242
nicholemasland@gmail.com
Your Thredbo/Perisher
Pro Deal Store is:
Harro’s Snowsports, Lake
Crackenback Resort,
Alpine Way, Jindabyne,
NSW, 2627

APSI PARTNERS:
DEMO TEAM MAJOR SPONSORS
APPROVED SNOWSPORTS SCHOOLS
AFFILIATED PROGRAMS