Inspire Student Journal Autumn 2023

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12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.Häuser W, Tolle Tr. Meta-analyses of pain studies: what we have learned.Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2015; 1:131-146.Els C, Jackson T, Kunyk D, Lappi V, Sonnenberg B, Hagtvedt R, et al . Adverseevents associated with medium‐ and long‐term use of opioids for chronicnon‐cancer pain: an overview of Cochrane Reviews. Cochrane Database ofSystematic Reviews. 2017; 10: 1465-1858Huffman KL, Shella ER, Sweis G, Griffith SD, Scheman J, Covington, EC.Nonopioid substance use disorders and opioid dose predict therapeuticopioid addiction.2015; 2:126-134.Kraut A, Shafer LA, Raymond CB. Proportion of opioid use due to compensatedworkers' compensation claims in Manitoba, Canada, Am J Ind Med.2015; 58:33-39.Jani M, Birlie Yimer B, Sheppard T, Lunt M, Dixon WG. Time trends andprescribing patterns of opioid drugs in UK primary care patients withnon-cancer pain: A retrospective cohort study, PLoS Med. 2020; 17Birkinshaw H, Friedrich C, Cole P, Eccleston C, Serfaty M, Stewart G, et al. Antidepressantsfor pain management in adults with chronic pain: a networkmeta‐analysis Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2021; 1Assefi NP, Sherman KJ, Jacobsen C, Goldberg J, Smith WR, Buchwald DArandomized clinical trial of acupuncture compared with sham acupuncturein fibromyalgia, Ann Intern Med. 2005; 1:10-9.NHS. Acupuncture. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/acupuncture/ Accessed:10 February 2023NICE guideline NG193.Chronic pain (primary and secondary) in over 16s:assessment of all chronic pain and management of chronic primary pain[E] Evidence review for exercise for chronic primary pain https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng193/evidence/e-exercise-for-chronic-primary-pain-pdf-9071987010Accessed: 10 February 2023Andrade CP, Zamunér AR, Forti M, Tamburús NY, Silva E. Effects of aquatictraining and detraining on women with fibromyalgia: controlled randomizedclinical trial, Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2019; 55:79-88.Norouzi E, Hosseini F, Vaezmosavi M, Gerber M, Pühse U, Brand S. Zumbadancing and aerobic exercise can improve working memory, motor function,and depressive symptoms in female patients with Fibromyalgia. Eur JSport Sci. 2020; 7:981-991.Borisut S, Vongsirinavarat M, Vachalathiti R, Sakulsriprasert P. Effects ofstrength and endurance training of superficial and deep neck muscles onmuscle activities and pain levels of females with chronic neck pain, J PhysTher Sci. 2013; 25: 1157-1162.NHS. TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/transcutaneous-electrical-nerve-stimulation-tens/ Accessed:10 February 2023)Gibson W, Wand BM, Meads C, Catley MJ, O'Connell NE. Transcutaneouselectrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic pain ‐ an overview ofCochrane Reviews Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2019;2Lucy CounsellI’m Lucy, a second year Medical Student atPlymouth University and a WAMs Committeemember. Outside of University, I play cricketand recently went on a tour to Sri Lanka with ateam from New Zealand.Inspire Student Health Sciences Research Journal | Autumn 202320
ReviewMEDICINEThe increased burden of cardiovasculardisease in South Asian communitiesMalaika MehmoodYear 3, Medicine, University of PlymouthEmail: malaika.mehmood@students.plymouth.ac.ukAbstractThis article highlights the increased burden of cardiovascular disease(CVD) in South Asian communities. South Asians are at a significantlyhigher risk of developing CVD due to a higher prevalence oftraditional risk factors such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol,and obesity. In addition, high levels of insulin resistance andmetabolic dysfunction in this population may contribute to theirhigher risk of developing CVD. Despite the increased burden ofCVD in South Asian communities, there is a lack of research andpublic health interventions targeting this population. The need forculturally tailored public health interventions and education on CVDis emphasised to address the increased burden of CVD in South Asiancommunities. Community-based programs, involving communityleaders and cultural organisations, can educate the communityon the importance of CVD and guide them on the importance ofscreening and risk factor management. The article highlights theimportance of addressing this pressing public health issue in theSouth Asian communityAbbreviationsCVD - cardiovascular diseaseIntroductionCardiovascular disease (CVD) poses a significant public health issueaffecting millions of people worldwide, accounting for a substantialnumber of global deaths in 2019 - with South Asian communitiesbeing particularly vulnerable to this condition. "An estimated 17.9million people died from CVDs." 1 This article aims to review theavailable evidence on the link between South Asian communities andcardiac disease and emphasises the need for targeted public healthinterventions. By doing so, it seeks to shed light on the underlyingmechanisms contributing to the increased burden of CVD in thispopulation and advocate for targeted public health measures.Prevalence of CVD in South Asian communitiesResearch from McKeigue et al (1989) indicates that the South Asiancommunity is at a significantly higher risk of developing cardiacdisease compared to other populations in the UK. Mortality from CVDin South Asians is 1.5 times that of the general population. 2 Prevalencestudies have shown that South Asians exhibit a higher incidenceof traditional risk factors for CVD, such as high blood pressure,high cholesterol and obesity. A cohort study conducted in 2006 byPursnani and Merchant, with a 10-year follow-up, demonstrated thatafter adjusting for traditional risk factors, South Asians are associatedwith an increased risk of coronary heart disease outcomes comparedto other ethnic groups. 3 South Asians suffer up to a 50% higher CVDmortality rate compared to indigenous white Europeans in the UK. 4,5Furthermore, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in peopleaged 55 years and above was found to be highest in Pakistani men(35.1%) and Indian women (14.7%). 6 These findings highlight theincreased burden of CVD in South Asian communities and call for acloser examination of the underlying mechanisms.Possible explanations for the increased burdenA study published in Diabetes Care in 2013 found that South Asianshad a higher prevalence of insulin resistance compared to individualsof European descent. 7 Insulin resistance has been identified as aInspire Student Health Sciences Research Journal | Autumn 202321
Page 2 and 3: Hi! Welcome to the Autumn 2023 issu
Page 4 and 5: ObituaryProfessor Jo TarrThe GW4 IN
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Page 10 and 11: been heavily linked to obesity 22 a
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Page 14 and 15: ReviewMEDICINEFaecal microbiota tra
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Page 44 and 45: InterviewDENTISTRYDr Wayne Nishio A
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Page 48 and 49: Senior Editors,Autumn 2023Moyowa Ar
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Inspire Student Journal Autumn 2023

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