Treasures from the Museum of Aveiro in the History of Ancient Spectacles

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12. Choir of the Convent ofJesusin Aveiro. @ CMA - MAV/SJ13. Refectory of the Conventof Jesus in Aveiro. Fifteenth/sixteenth centuries. P.I. 39.Photo. Jose Rubio, sd. @ CMA- MA/SU11. Leafleft from the inventory.© CMA - MAV/SJ14. Leather spectacles. H. 4,6cm, W.9,2cm No lenses.Inv.Nr.- 55/LIV.Nr.- 55/L.@CMA- MA/SJ14a. Leather spectacles. H: 5cm, W: l O cm. No lenses.Inv Nr. - 56/L. © CMA - MAV/SJ14b. Leather spectacles. H:4,6cm,W.10cm.Lenses.Transparent glass.Inv.Nr. 57/L.@ CMA- MA/SJ55 CM AVEIRO
Available at https://baroqueart.museumwnf.org/databaseitem.php?id=monument;bar,pt,mon1131;ptaccessed l 5 May 2023.·https://www.facebookcom/museuaveiro/posts/pfbid02/JUT6kLg4Pm-6VEFbMJf7J NfxYbJGZtWFfENfFZtwzupxMw628Y-9Vk,oa957Udl accessed15 May 20237John 7:53-8:l l availableat https://bible.oremusorg/?passage=John%207:53%E2%80%938:l 1&version=nrsv accessed 16May, 20238Philadelphia Museum ofArt available at https://philamuseum.org/collection/object/1 02202 accessed 16May, 2023Saint Joana'sceremony of takingthe habitThe Museum houses 477 paintings dating fromc. 1472 to the early twenty-first century, withreligious paintings from the 15th to the 18thcenturies as its central thematic core (Christo,2015, pp. 103-112) A set of baroque paintingsin naive style, from 1729, by the painter EmanuelFerreira e Sousa (dates of birth and deathunknown) from c.1734 commissioned by theMonastery depict scenes from Princess SantaJoana's life, with clothing from the 18th century 5One of these paintings from c.1734 depicts thePrincess Saint taking the habit of the DominicanOrder on January 25, 1475, against the will ofher father and brother, the court and most of thekingdom's people. The prioress, D. Brites Leitao,carried out the ritual of cutting her hair, attendedby D. Micia Alvarenga and the Novices' Mistress.Princess Joana's jewels and the three crownsshe refused are lying on the floor.On the right,a nun is holding a book and wearing spectacles(Fig. 16). The nun looks older than the others.Spectacles are needed to correct presbyopia, acondition that affects all types of eyes in peoplefrom their early forties onwards. It is causedby the loss of elasticity of the eye lens, whichreduces accommodation, resulting in difficultyfocusing on nearby objects (Allen 1972, 365)The frames are black.Christ and the womantaken in adulteryThe Museum of Aveiro also houses a paintingdepicting Christ and the woman taken in adulteryby the Portuguese school of painting from1650 to 1700 (Fig. 17). The Gospel of Saint Johnnarrates the episode. Scribes and the Phariseesbrought to the temple a woman caught inadultery. The topic was recreated before thePortuguese painting by artists as the Flemishpainter Pieter Brueghel the Younger, active inAntwerp) from 1564-1637/38) c. 1600 and hisfather Pieter Bruegel, the Elder (c 1525-1 530)In his encounter with the adulteress(John 8:7), Jesus begins to write, "Diesonder sonde is, die w." ("He that iswithout sin [among you]") on the groundFor this work, Pieter Brueghel theYounger followed the composition of hisfather's (Pieter Bruegel the Elder) 1 565grisaille painting, now in the CourtauldInstitute of Art Gallery in London. 8The Portuguese painting follows the scene butnot in a biblical ambience. The figures wearcourt clothes. The predominance of reds andthe golden embroidery on the tunics and cloaks,contrasting with the delicate white transparencyof the cloak and the pallor of the woman, whilewaiting with her eyes on the ground, her morethan likely sentence to be stoned, cannot helpreminding me of what Reynaldo dos Santos(1880-1970), physician and pioneer of VascularSurgery and Portuguese History of Art, wroteabout the characteristics of Portuguese art,between the 15th and 16th centuries, but whichseems that this painting continues into theseventeenth century: "Our painters loved colourlike a jewel" In the background, doves flying inan overcast sky imbue the scene with dramaand perhaps hope, or what Reynaldo dos Santoscalled "Portuguese sweetness" (Santos, 1957, p.43-46)56 CADERNOS CULT URA HIST6RIA & PATRIMONIO DE AVEIO
Page 4 and 5: Ficha TecnicaTituloCadernos de Cult
Page 6: 60JO0AO AUGUSTOMARQUES GOMESCONTRIB
Page 9 and 10: -~ -urH\'.WIWrftlguur,-,,,.-11 .. -
Page 11 and 12: 2. On the right: Reading Stoneafter
Page 13 and 14: 3. Pinkheimer'sspectacles c. 1520-1
Page 15 and 16: The casket was dated 1 330. The riv
Page 18 and 19: The Museum ofAveiro / SantaJoana9.
Page 22 and 23: 16. Taking habit or haircut. c.1734
Page 24 and 25: ReferencesALLEN, James - Manual GAS

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