Page 2 Organic Pollutants in the Water Cycle Edited by Thorsten ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

son a number of high production volume chemicals are included in this book. The first to mention are surfactants which are used almost everywhere (Chapter 9). The occurrence of poorly degradable surfactants in surface waters and groundwaters made this class of compounds the first, for which a minimum extent of biodegradability was required by regulations in Western Europe and the United States in the early 1960s. Other important groups of polar high production volume chemicals that are covered in this book are herbicides (Chapter 6), complexing agents (Chapter 7) and amines (Chapter 8). Also compounds used and released in substantially less amout can be problematic, if their use profile requires a certain level of stability. Pharmaceuticals are an example for this and the occurrence of such compounds in wastewater discharges and surface waters has received significant attention within the last years. Several chapters of this book deal with this ‘dark side’ of the so benefical development in pharmaceuticals (Chapters 2–5). Finally, polar pollutants may even be generated in wastewater treatment or drinking water production as it is the case for disinfection byproducts (Chapter 10). With improved analytical capabilities (Chapter 1) that allow to detect nanogram per litre concentrations of trace pollutants positive findings in virtually all aquatic compartments are almost inevitable. Thus, the need for proper knowledge how the occurrence of low concentrations of polar pollutants has to be evaluated is becoming more urgent. Chapter 11 deals with such aspects of ecotoxicology. A combined evaluation of physico-chemical and ecotoxicological properties of high production volume chemicals is necessary to avoid contamination and to reduce the risk related with the use of chemicals. This is the basis of the chemicals management (REACH) in the European Union (Chapter 12). Also in the European Union the Water Framework Directive (WFD) has bundled many different regulations concerning the protection of freshwater resources. While the WFD has strengthened biological quality criteria for waters and water bodies, there is growing concern with respect to chemical quality criteria. Inter alia chemicals that may not be harmful to human health or the quality of aquatic ecosystems are not considered pollutants. Thus, the WFD may hamper rather than foster the protection of the water cycle from anthropogenic compounds that are polar and persistent and that may spread in aquatic environment. We would be pleased if this book contributes to increasing the knowledge on and the awareness of the relevancy of polar pollutants for the quality of waters, not at least those being used as drinking waters. We are grateful to all the authors that shared this view on polar pollutants and contributed with their expertise, time and effort in preparing the different chapters of this book. Thorsten Reemtsma Martin Jekel Berlin February 2006 Preface XV
List of Authors Radka Alexy Institute of Environmental Medicine and Hospital Epidemiology Hugstetter Str. 55 79106 Freiburg Germany Hilmar Börnick Institute of Water Chemistry Dresden University of Technology Zellescher Weg 40 01217 Dresden Germany Heinz-Jürgen Brauch DVGW-Water Technology Center (TZW) Chemical Analysis Department Karlsruher Straße 84 76139 Karlsruhe Germany Daniel R. Dietrich Environmental Toxicology University of Konstanz Fach X 918 78457 Konstanz Germany Organic Pollutants in the Water Cycle. T. Reemtsma and M. Jekel (Eds.). Copyright © 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim ISBN: 3-527-31297-8 Peter Eichhorn The State University of New York at Buffalo Chemistry Department 608 Natural Science Complex Buffalo NY, 14226 United States of America Rita Fobbe ISAS-Institute for Analytical Sciences Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11 44139 Dortmund Germany Gerd Hamscher Centre for Food Science Institute for Food Toxicology University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation Bischofsholer Damm 15 30173 Hannover Germany Thomas Heberer Federal Institute for Risk Assessment Thielallee 88–92 14195 Berlin Germany XVII
Page 2 and 3: Organic Pollutants in the Water Cyc
Page 4 and 5: Organic Pollutants in the Water Cyc
Page 6 and 7: Contents Preface XIII 1 Analytical
Page 8 and 9: 4 Iodinated X-ray Contrast Media 87
Page 10 and 11: 8 Amines 181 Hilmar Börnick and To
Page 12 and 13: 10.4.3 Inorganic Disinfection By-pr
Page 14 and 15: Preface The perspective on contamin
Page 18 and 19: XVIII List of Authors Bettina C. Hi
Page 20 and 21: 1 Analytical Methods for Polar Poll
Page 22 and 23: are very straightforward, but if th
Page 24 and 25: e.g., PAHs [35, 36]. Hence, the pol
Page 26 and 27: 1.3 Sample Pretreatment and Analyte
Page 34 and 35: 1.4 Gas Chromatographic Methods 1.4
Page 36 and 37: provides a complete derivatization
Page 38 and 39: detection. Thus GC-ITD-MS/MS has be
Page 40 and 41: Fig. 1.10 Principle of ion-pair chr
Page 42 and 43: 1.5 Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spec
Page 46 and 47: ations use normal-phase chromatogra
Page 48 and 49: Fig. 1.15 ESI-MS spectra and sugges
Page 52 and 53: If matrix effects cannot be reduced
Page 54 and 55: 28 R. U. Halden, D. H. Paull, Envir
Page 56 and 57: 104 A. Zapf, H. J. Stan, J. High Re
Page 58 and 59: 186 F. Bruno, R. Curini, A. Di Corc
Page 60 and 61: 2 Residues of Pharmaceuticals from
Page 62 and 63: have already been reported to occur
Page 64 and 65: 2.3 Wastewater ples contained up to
Page 66 and 67:
2.3 Wastewater moval is found for t
Page 68 and 69:
2.3 Wastewater process. Membrane bi
Page 70 and 71:
2.4 Surface Water duction in 139 ri
Page 72 and 73:
These K OC values were in good agre
Page 74 and 75:
2.5 Groundwater and Underground Pas
Page 76 and 77:
2.6 Drinking Water Treatment moval
Page 78 and 79:
maceutical residues ranged from 90
Page 80 and 81:
36 J. Drewes, Th. Heberer, T. Rauch
Page 82 and 83:
Haist-Gulde, G. Preuss, U.,Wilme, N
Page 84 and 85:
66 3 Antibiotics for Human Use imat
Page 86 and 87:
68 3 Antibiotics for Human Use The
Page 88 and 89:
70 3 Antibiotics for Human Use Fig.
Page 90 and 91:
72 3 Antibiotics for Human Use Tabl
Page 92 and 93:
74 3 Antibiotics for Human Use In a
Page 94 and 95:
76 3 Antibiotics for Human Use of t
Page 96 and 97:
78 3 Antibiotics for Human Use Fig.
Page 98 and 99:
80 3 Antibiotics for Human Use were
Page 100 and 101:
82 3 Antibiotics for Human Use anti
Page 102 and 103:
84 3 Antibiotics for Human Use 12 U
Page 104 and 105:
86 3 Antibiotics for Human Use Phar
Page 106 and 107:
88 4 Iodinated X-ray Contrast Media
Page 108 and 109:
Page 110 and 111:
Page 112 and 113:
Page 114 and 115:
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
100 5 Veterinary Pharmaceuticals ab
Page 120 and 121:
102 5 Veterinary Pharmaceuticals Fi
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
106 5 Veterinary Pharmaceuticals hu
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
110 5 Veterinary Pharmaceuticals 5.
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
116 5 Veterinary Pharmaceuticals re
Page 136 and 137:
118 5 Veterinary Pharmaceuticals sh
Page 138 and 139:
120 5 Veterinary Pharmaceuticals 64
Page 140 and 141:
122 6 Polar Herbicides and Metaboli
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
7 Aminopolycarboxylate Complexing A
Page 174 and 175:
trial utilization, but on the other
Page 176 and 177:
7.2 Applications and Consumption bo
Page 178 and 179:
chelated metal ions cannot be fixed
Page 180 and 181:
Fig. 7.3 Biochemistry of microbial
Page 182 and 183:
7.3 Occurrence and Fate in Wastewat
Page 184 and 185:
partial wastewater streams is meanw
Page 186 and 187:
In the EU risk assessment, an estim
Page 188 and 189:
Fig. 7.5 Photochemical degradation
Page 190 and 191:
7.5 Occurrence and Fate in Groundwa
Page 192 and 193:
7.6 Behavior during Drinking Water
Page 194 and 195:
6 K. Wolf, P. Gilbert in The Handbo
Page 196 and 197:
ivers and at sewage treatment works
Page 198 and 199:
8 Amines Hilmar Börnick and Torste
Page 200 and 201:
8.1 Introduction pending on the pH
Page 202 and 203:
8.2 Production The production and u
Page 204 and 205:
8.3 Emission the result will be a m
Page 206 and 207:
8.4 Wastewater and Wastewater Treat
Page 208 and 209:
Aromatic amines containing sulfo su
Page 210 and 211:
In the river Elbe and its tributari
Page 212 and 213:
Fig. 8.3 Elimination pathways of am
Page 214 and 215:
Fig. 8.4 Proposed mechanism of the
Page 216 and 217:
Fig. 8.7 Influence of substituent t
Page 218 and 219:
intermediates of nitroaromatic expl
Page 220 and 221:
intensively studied by the research
Page 222 and 223:
Investigations into degradation rat
Page 224 and 225:
41 M. Isik, D. T. Sponza, J. Hazard
Page 226 and 227:
120 S. Paul, PhD thesis, Dresden Un
Page 228 and 229:
212 9 Surfactant Metabolites Fig. 9
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
216 9 Surfactant Metabolites 9.2.2
Page 234 and 235:
218 9 Surfactant Metabolites der to
Page 236 and 237:
220 9 Surfactant Metabolites cessor
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
226 9 Surfactant Metabolites and th
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
230 9 Surfactant Metabolites and th
Page 248 and 249:
232 9 Surfactant Metabolites 9.4 Su
Page 250 and 251:
234 9 Surfactant Metabolites degrad
Page 252 and 253:
236 9 Surfactant Metabolites sults
Page 254 and 255:
238 9 Surfactant Metabolites 50-156
Page 256 and 257:
240 9 Surfactant Metabolites proxim
Page 258 and 259:
Page 260 and 261:
Page 262 and 263:
246 9 Surfactant Metabolites 17 A.
Page 264 and 265:
248 9 Surfactant Metabolites D. Vet
Page 266 and 267:
250 9 Surfactant Metabolites 155 T.
Page 268 and 269:
252 10 Trihalomethanes (THMs), Halo
Page 270 and 271:
Page 272 and 273:
Page 274 and 275:
Page 276 and 277:
Page 278 and 279:
Page 280 and 281:
Page 282 and 283:
Page 284 and 285:
Page 286 and 287:
Page 288 and 289:
Page 290 and 291:
Page 292 and 293:
Page 294 and 295:
Page 296 and 297:
Page 298 and 299:
Page 300 and 301:
Page 302 and 303:
Page 304 and 305:
288 11 Toxicology and Risk Assessme
Page 306 and 307:
Page 308 and 309:
Page 310 and 311:
Page 312 and 313:
Page 314 and 315:
Page 316 and 317:
Page 318 and 319:
Page 320 and 321:
Page 322 and 323:
Page 324 and 325:
Page 326 and 327:
12 Assessment and Management of Che
Page 328 and 329:
Tab. 12.1 Requirements for notifica
Page 330 and 331:
• For the environmental effect as
Page 332 and 333:
12.1 Chemicals Assessment and Manag
Page 334 and 335:
Page 336 and 337:
12.1.4 Management of Specific Chemi
Page 338 and 339:
Page 340 and 341:
• In most cases, exposure of the
Page 342 and 343:
Page 344 and 345:
son may be the separation of enviro
Page 346 and 347:
12.2 Future Chemicals Management in
Page 348 and 349:
12.3 Persistent Organic Pollutants
Page 350 and 351:
For PPPs, persistence, irreversibil
Page 352 and 353:
assessment, US Environmental Protec
Page 354 and 355:
55 UN - United Nations (2002): Repo
Page 356 and 357:
342 Subject Index - drinking water
Page 358 and 359:
344 Subject Index - DBPFP (disinfec
Page 360 and 361:
346 Subject Index - groundwater 142
Page 362 and 363:
348 Subject Index - regulation 290,
Page 364:
350 Subject Index - use 126 tributy
show all

Page 2 Organic Pollutants in the Water Cycle Edited by Thorsten ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?