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GOOD<br />

ENGLISH<br />

A Class and Homework Course<br />

STUDENT WORKBOOK<br />

REX SADLER<br />

SANDRA SADLER


GOOD<br />

ENGLISH<br />

A Class and Homework Course<br />

STUDENT WORKBOOK<br />

REX SADLER<br />

SANDRA SADLER


<strong>Good</strong> <strong>English</strong><br />

Rex Sadler<br />

Sandra Sadler<br />

Publisher: Melinda Schumann<br />

Editor: Kellyanne Martin<br />

Permissions researcher: Gillian Cardinal<br />

<strong>Book</strong> designer and typesetter: Beau Lowenstern<br />

Proofreader: Kelly Robinson<br />

Typeset in Meta Serif Pro and Fira Sans Pro<br />

Cover image: iStock/Philip Thurston<br />

This edition was published in 2024 by<br />

Matilda Education Australia,<br />

an imprint of Meanwhile Education Pty Ltd<br />

Melbourne, Australia<br />

T: 1300 277 235<br />

E: customersupport@matildaed.com.au<br />

www.matildaeducation.com.au<br />

Published in 2024 by Matilda<br />

Education Australia<br />

Copyright © Rex Sadler, Sandra Sadler, 2024<br />

The moral rights of the authors have been asserted.<br />

All rights reserved. Except under the conditions described<br />

in the Copyright Act 1968 of Australia (the Act) and<br />

subsequent amendments, no part of this publication may<br />

be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without the<br />

prior written permission of the copyright owner.<br />

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Publication data<br />

Author: Rex Sadler, Sandra Sadler<br />

Title: <strong>Good</strong> <strong>English</strong> <strong>Student</strong> Workbook<br />

ISBN: 9780655094333<br />

Copyright Agency Limited<br />

Level 11, 66 Goulburn Street<br />

Sydney, NSW 2000<br />

Toll-free phone number (landlines only): 1800066844<br />

Telephone: (02) 9394 7600<br />

Fax (02) 9394 7601.<br />

Email: memberservices@copyright.comau<br />

Website: https://www.copyright.com.au<br />

Printed in Malaysia<br />

by Vivar Printing<br />

July-2024


Contents<br />

Part 1 Grammar 1<br />

Unit 1 What are parts of speech? 2<br />

Unit 2 What are nouns? 5<br />

Unit 3 Singular and plural nouns 9<br />

Unit 4 What are adjectives? 11<br />

Unit 5 Comparison of adjectives 13<br />

Unit 6 What are verbs? 15<br />

Unit 7 Verbs tell time 18<br />

Unit 8 Active and passive verbs 19<br />

Unit 9 Modal verbs 20<br />

Unit 10 What are participles? 22<br />

Unit 11 What are adverbs? 25<br />

Unit 12 What are pronouns? 28<br />

Unit 13 What are prepositions? 31<br />

Unit 14 What are conjunctions? 33<br />

Unit 15 What are sentences? 35<br />

Unit 16 Subject and predicate 37<br />

Unit 17 What are phrases? 39<br />

Unit 18 What are clauses? 42<br />

Part 2 Getting it right 47<br />

Unit 19 Subject–verb agreement 48<br />

Unit 20 Irregular verbs 52<br />

Unit 21 Pronoun rules 54<br />

Unit 22 Distinguishing nouns from verbs 55<br />

Unit 23 Using correct nouns and verbs 56<br />

Unit 24 Problem pairs 57<br />

Unit 25 Eliminating needless repetition 58<br />

Part 3 Words and meanings 59<br />

Unit 26 Increase your word power 60<br />

Unit 27 Shades of meaning 63<br />

Unit 28 Word families 66<br />

Unit 29 Prefixes 68<br />

Unit 30 Suffixes 70<br />

Unit 31 Synonyms 72<br />

Unit 32 Antonyms 74<br />

Unit 33 Homonyms 76<br />

Part 4 Persuasion 79<br />

Unit 34 What is a persuasive text? 80<br />

Unit 35 Speech 81<br />

Unit 36 Pamphlet 82<br />

Unit 37 Movie poster 84<br />

Unit 38 Advertisement 86<br />

Unit 39 Letter 87<br />

Part 5 Viewing movies 89<br />

Unit 40 Close-up 90<br />

Unit 41 Medium shot 91<br />

Unit 42 Long shot 92<br />

Unit 43 Extreme long shot 93<br />

Unit 44 High-angle shot 94<br />

Unit 45 Eye-level shot 95<br />

Unit 46 Low-angle shot 96<br />

Unit 47 Film poster 97<br />

GOOD ENGLISH<br />

iii


Part 6 The techniques of the poet 99<br />

Unit 48 The poet’s purpose 100<br />

Unit 49 Painting word pictures 102<br />

Unit 50 The sounds of poetry 108<br />

Part 7 Write now! 113<br />

Unit 51 I remember when … 114<br />

Unit 52 Persuasive writing 115<br />

Unit 53 Getting the reader’s attention 116<br />

Unit 54 Using details to enliven a description 117<br />

Unit 55 Creating action with verbs 118<br />

Unit 56 Setting 119<br />

Unit 57 Every picture tells a story 120<br />

Unit 58 What it feels like … 121<br />

Unit 59 Conflict 122<br />

Unit 60 Encounters with animals 123<br />

Unit 61 Eyewitness accounts 124<br />

Part 8 Spelling and vocabulary 125<br />

Unit 62 Tricky little words 126<br />

Unit 63 Persuasion 127<br />

Unit 64 It’s freezing outside 128<br />

Unit 65 Feelings and emotions 129<br />

Unit 66 Emergency 130<br />

Unit 67 Future worlds 131<br />

Unit 68 Getaway 132<br />

Unit 69 Fire and flooding rains 133<br />

Unit 70 If the price is right 134<br />

Unit 71 Increase your word power 135<br />

Unit 72 Confusing pairs 136<br />

Part 9<br />

The extraordinary<br />

<strong>English</strong> Language 137<br />

Unit 73 Everyday origins 138<br />

Unit 74 Animal word origins 142<br />

Unit 75 Latin words in <strong>English</strong> 144<br />

Unit 76 Greek words in <strong>English</strong> 147<br />

Unit 77 Words from around the world 149<br />

Unit 78 Aboriginal words in <strong>English</strong> 150<br />

Part 10 Let’s punctuate 151<br />

Unit 79 Capital letters 152<br />

Unit 80 Full stops, question marks and<br />

exclamation marks 154<br />

Unit 81 Commas and pauses 156<br />

Unit 82 Commas and lists 158<br />

Unit 83 Apostrophes to show possession 159<br />

Unit 84 Apostrophes to show contractions 160<br />

Unit 85 Apostrophe confusion 161<br />

Unit 86 Punctuating direct speech 163<br />

Unit 87 Colons introducing lists 165<br />

Unit 88 Punctuation revision 166<br />

Part 11 Enjoying literature 167<br />

Unit 89 Fables 168<br />

Unit 90 Legends 170<br />

Unit 91 Poem 172<br />

Unit 92 Novel 174<br />

Unit 93 Information brochure 176<br />

Unit 94 Novel 178<br />

iv<br />

GOOD ENGLISH


Grammar<br />

1


UNIT 1<br />

Unit 1<br />

What are parts of speech?<br />

Almost all sentences are made up of parts of speech. The simple sentence ‘My dog barks loudly’<br />

begins with the pronoun ‘my’, followed by the noun ‘dog’, the verb ‘barks’ and the adverb ‘loudly’.<br />

You can see that in a sentence, every word has a specific role to convey the meaning of the sentence.<br />

A word’s part of speech identification shows how it will work together with the other words.<br />

You will also notice when using a dictionary that the part of speech of each word is identified.<br />

In The Macquarie Junior Dictionary, the listing for the word ‘apple’ is: ‘apple, noun, a crisp round<br />

fruit with red or green skin’.<br />

Here is a short poem that gives you some idea of how helpful parts of speech can be in giving us<br />

an understanding of the structure of the <strong>English</strong> language.<br />

Parts of speech<br />

Every name is called a noun,<br />

As field and fountain, street and town.<br />

In place of nouns the pronoun stands,<br />

As he and she can clap their hands.<br />

The adjective describes a thing,<br />

As magic wand and bridal ring.<br />

The verb means action, something done—<br />

To read, to write, to jump, to run.<br />

How things are done, the adverbs tell,<br />

As quickly, slowly, badly, well.<br />

The prepositions show relation,<br />

As in the street or at the station.<br />

Conjunctions join in many ways,<br />

Sentences, words, or phrase and phrase.<br />

The interjection cries out, ‘Hark!<br />

I need an exclamation mark!’<br />

Through poetry we learn how each<br />

Of these makes up the Parts of Speech.<br />

2 GOOD ENGLISH


UNIT 1<br />

The eight parts of speech<br />

There are eight main parts of speech.<br />

Nouns Pronouns Adjectives Verbs<br />

Adverbs Prepositions Conjunctions Interjections<br />

Nouns<br />

Nouns name people, places, things, creatures, feelings or qualities.<br />

teenager Jeremy beach Greece computer elephant Olivia love<br />

Pronouns<br />

Pronouns are used in the place of nouns.<br />

I, me, my, mine, we, us, our (first person)<br />

you, your (second person)<br />

he, his, him, she, hers, her, it, its, they, their, them (third person)<br />

Adjectives<br />

Adjectives describe nouns or pronouns.<br />

delicious angry thirsty tired brown thin gigantic intelligent<br />

Verbs<br />

Verbs express all kinds of actions. They are doing, being and having words.<br />

speak investigate jump argue believe swim explain rejoice<br />

Adverbs<br />

Adverbs add extra meaning to verbs, adjectives and other adverbs. Adverbs often end<br />

in ‘-ly’.<br />

happily quickly loudly often tomorrow today very sometimes<br />

Prepositions Prepositions link a noun or pronoun to another word.<br />

by with from onto upon against beside during about for to near<br />

Conjunctions Conjunctions join words, phrases or sentences together.<br />

and but because while if although however since until<br />

Interjections Interjections express an emotion or feeling.<br />

Ah! Ouch! Hey! Oops! Oh, what a feeling!<br />

Identifying parts of speech<br />

What part of speech is each of the following words?<br />

1. happy<br />

2. peaches<br />

3. but<br />

4. eat<br />

5. because<br />

6. sleepily<br />

7. speedily<br />

8. has<br />

9. Ow!<br />

10. our<br />

11. kind<br />

12. under<br />

13. she<br />

14. into<br />

15. generous<br />

16. freedom<br />

17. Hurray!<br />

18. write<br />

GOOD ENGLISH<br />

3


UNIT 1<br />

Using parts of speech to complete sentences<br />

Select from the box the most suitable parts of speech to complete the sentences. The identification<br />

given in the brackets will help you.<br />

happiness after tasty heavily quietly her<br />

stormy zoomed through Rome Hooray! growled<br />

1. The speedboat across the lake. (verb)<br />

2. The burglar crept through the house. (adverb)<br />

3. The crowd cheered we had won the game. (conjunction)<br />

4. The hunters pursued the deer the forest. (preposition)<br />

5. was not built in a day. (noun)<br />

6. I bought a hamburger at the local shopping centre. (adjective)<br />

7. The class shouted, ‘ ’ when school finished for the holidays. (interjection)<br />

8. This morning it rained . (adverb)<br />

9. The sailors are expecting weather. (adjective)<br />

10. This is apple. (pronoun)<br />

11. There was much when the war ended. (noun)<br />

12. The dog as the stranger approached. (verb)<br />

Identifying parts of speech in sentences<br />

Identify, in the order they occur, the parts of speech of the words in heavy type.<br />

1. The bright sun rose slowly above the swimmers.<br />

2. The old horse galloped towards them.<br />

3. Don’t panic! An ambulance will be arriving soon.<br />

4. We went to the oval and watched the soccer match.<br />

5. Oops! I’ve spilled my coffee.<br />

6. The speeding car skidded on the wet road.<br />

7. The surfer ran across the sand.<br />

8. The spectators cheered loudly, but their team lost easily.<br />

9. The audience was very disappointed by the film’s ending.<br />

10. They could see the blue mountains in the distance.<br />

4 GOOD ENGLISH


Unit 2<br />

What are nouns?<br />

Nouns are naming words. They are used to name people, places, things, creatures, feelings or qualities.<br />

• People: sister, librarian, surgeon,<br />

Jason, Charlotte<br />

• Places: beach, church, school,<br />

Mt Everest, New York<br />

• Things: car, pen, television, umbrella,<br />

rain, tree<br />

• Creatures: leopard, toad, hawk,<br />

lobster, dolphin<br />

• Feelings: joy, sadness, love, anxiety,<br />

disgust, fear<br />

• Qualities: creativity, intelligence,<br />

enthusiasm, loyalty<br />

Nouns that name people<br />

Write the name of the person who:<br />

1. repairs cars<br />

2. cares for people’s teeth<br />

3. studies the stars<br />

4. mends water pipes<br />

5. rides race horses<br />

6. <strong>look</strong>s after sheep<br />

7. flies an aeroplane<br />

8. writes books<br />

9. designs buildings<br />

10. learns a trade<br />

11. sells flowers<br />

12. searches for new lands<br />

Nouns that name animals<br />

Write the names of the animals that make each of the following sounds.<br />

1. the quacking of a<br />

2. the cooing of a<br />

3. the barking of a<br />

4. the neighing of a<br />

5. the hooting of an<br />

6. the grunting of a<br />

7. the croaking of a<br />

8. the gobbling of a<br />

9. the purring of a<br />

10. the braying of a<br />

11. the trumpeting of an<br />

12. the buzzing of a<br />

GOOD ENGLISH<br />

5


UNIT 2<br />

Nouns that name places<br />

Write the nouns for the places where:<br />

1. experiments are conducted<br />

2. fruit trees are grown<br />

3. a dog is housed<br />

4. pupils are educated<br />

5. criminals are detained<br />

6. books are kept<br />

7. films are shown<br />

8. fish are cared for<br />

9. aeroplanes are kept<br />

10. cars are kept<br />

11. plays are performed<br />

12. cows are milked<br />

Nouns that name things<br />

Complete each of these expressions by inserting the name of the missing object.<br />

1. the radius of a<br />

2. the flames of a<br />

3. the mattress of a<br />

4. the spokes of a<br />

5. the rungs of a<br />

6. the petals of a<br />

7. the icing of a<br />

8. the chapter of a<br />

9. the summit of a<br />

10. the yolk of an<br />

Nouns that name qualities<br />

Write the nouns that name these qualities. The first one has been done to help you.<br />

foolishness<br />

1. A foolish man shows his .<br />

2. An honest politician values .<br />

3. A wise person speaks with .<br />

4. A lazy person displays .<br />

5. A determined student has .<br />

6. A famous actor has achieved .<br />

7. A weary traveller feels .<br />

8. A kind person shows .<br />

9. A curious student shows .<br />

10. An obedient dog shows .<br />

6 GOOD ENGLISH


UNIT 2<br />

Types of nouns<br />

There are four types of nouns.<br />

Common nouns<br />

Most nouns are common nouns. A common noun names a person, place, animal, thing, emotion or<br />

quality. Common nouns do not begin with a capital letter unless they start a sentence.<br />

girl train leopard book river orange day<br />

Proper nouns<br />

Proper nouns are used to name a specific person, place, thing or creature. They always begin with a<br />

capital letter.<br />

Jacob France Tuesday Toyota Lassie Ava<br />

Collective nouns<br />

Collective nouns are used to name a collection or group of similar people, things or creatures.<br />

flock of birds bouquet of flowers fleet of ships litter of puppies<br />

Abstract nouns<br />

Abstract nouns are used to name feelings, emotions, qualities or<br />

ideas. They are things you cannot see or touch.<br />

beauty success love bravery<br />

sadness fear anger loyalty<br />

Proper and common nouns match-up<br />

Proper nouns always begin with a capital letter. Match the proper nouns in the box with the<br />

common nouns below.<br />

London Saturn Coca-Cola Cleopatra Nile Apple<br />

Tesla Mozart Superman Vesuvius Shrek Emirates<br />

1. city<br />

2. composer<br />

3. drink<br />

4. car<br />

5. computer<br />

6. ogre<br />

7. river<br />

8. queen<br />

9. airline<br />

10. planet<br />

11. mountain<br />

12. hero<br />

GOOD ENGLISH<br />

7


UNIT 2<br />

Collective nouns in action<br />

Complete the phrases by choosing suitable collective nouns from the list. Use each collective noun<br />

once only.<br />

galaxy fleet troupe choir school battalion plague<br />

staff team crew orchestra flock pack litter<br />

pride anthology bouquet forest hail library herd<br />

1. a of trees<br />

2. an of musicians<br />

3. a of cricketers<br />

4. an of poems<br />

5. a of locusts<br />

6. a of teachers<br />

7. a of stars<br />

8. a of bullets<br />

9. a of singers<br />

10. a of wolves<br />

11. a of flowers<br />

12. a of lions<br />

13. a of sailors<br />

14. a of soldiers<br />

15. a of puppies<br />

16. a of sheep<br />

17. a of ships<br />

18. a of acrobats<br />

19. a of books<br />

20. a of fish<br />

Creating abstract nouns<br />

Change the following words into abstract nouns. For example:<br />

free – freedom<br />

1. admire<br />

2. deceive<br />

3. strong<br />

4. angry<br />

5. absent<br />

6. cruel<br />

7. sad<br />

8. curious<br />

9. proud<br />

10. favourite<br />

prosper – prosperity<br />

11. relieve<br />

12. oppose<br />

13. develop<br />

14. attract<br />

15. beautiful<br />

16. friend<br />

17. imagine<br />

18. encourage<br />

19. confuse<br />

20. superior<br />

21. satisfy<br />

22. punctual<br />

23. persuade<br />

24. moral<br />

25. just<br />

26. know<br />

27. hate<br />

28. please<br />

29. vain<br />

30. various<br />

8 GOOD ENGLISH


Unit 3<br />

Singular and plural nouns<br />

A singular noun indicates one person, place or thing. For example:<br />

boy girl child story thief<br />

A plural noun stands for two or more people, places or things.<br />

boys girls children stories thieves<br />

Rules for forming plurals<br />

1. Nouns form their plurals in a number of ways. The most common way is to simply add ‘-s’ to<br />

the singular form.<br />

poet – poets dog – dogs table – tables<br />

2. For nouns whose singulars end in ‘s’, ‘sh’, ‘ch/tch’, ‘x’ or ‘ss’, the ending ‘-es’ has to be added<br />

to form the plural.<br />

bus – buses clash – clashes match – matches fox – foxes class – classes<br />

3. Nouns that end in ‘y’ preceded by a vowel (e.g. words ending with ‘ay’, ‘ey’ or ‘oy’) form their<br />

plurals by just adding an ‘-s’.<br />

holiday – holidays donkey – donkeys boy – boys<br />

4. Nouns that end with ‘y’ preceded by a consonant form their plurals by changing the ‘y’ into<br />

an ‘i’ and adding ‘-es’.<br />

lady – ladies country – countries family – families puppy – puppies<br />

5. Nouns that end with ‘f’ form their plural either by simply adding ‘-s’ or by changing the ‘f’<br />

into ‘v’ and then adding ‘-es’.<br />

roof – roofs chief – chiefs calf – calves wife – wives<br />

6. Words ending with ‘o’ form their plurals by adding ‘-es’, ‘-s’ or sometimes either.<br />

tomato – tomatoes kilo – kilos volcano – volcanoes/volcanos<br />

7. Some nouns have the same form for the plural as for the singular.<br />

deer – deer sheep – sheep salmon – salmon aircraft – aircraft<br />

8. Some nouns have peculiar plurals that you’ll just have to learn as you meet them.<br />

foot – feet mouse – mice radius – radii child – children<br />

woman – women man – men tooth – teeth stimulus – stimuli<br />

opus – opera bacterium – bacteria crisis – crises quiz – quizzes<br />

GOOD ENGLISH<br />

9


UNIT 3<br />

Forming plurals<br />

Form the plurals of these nouns.<br />

1. brush<br />

2. valley<br />

3. diary<br />

4. piano<br />

5. child<br />

6. party<br />

7. echo<br />

8. domino<br />

9. library<br />

10. chief<br />

11. supply<br />

12. leaf<br />

13. tomato<br />

14. paper<br />

15. bus<br />

16. bicycle<br />

17. thief<br />

18. difficulty<br />

19. country<br />

20. woman<br />

21. monkey<br />

22. church<br />

23. jockey<br />

24. wolf<br />

Forming singulars<br />

Write down the singular form of these plural nouns.<br />

1. geese<br />

2. women<br />

3. cargoes<br />

4. cities<br />

5. potatoes<br />

6. princesses<br />

7. mice<br />

8. babies<br />

9. sheep<br />

10. loaves<br />

11. dresses<br />

12. tragedies<br />

13. journeys<br />

14. teeth<br />

15. peaches<br />

16. pianos<br />

17. oxen<br />

18. oases<br />

19. foxes<br />

20. volcanoes<br />

21. dictionaries<br />

22. studios<br />

23. curricula<br />

24. stimuli<br />

10 GOOD ENGLISH


Unit 4<br />

What are adjectives?<br />

Adjectives are words that add meaning to nouns. They describe people, places, things, creatures<br />

and feelings. Their main purpose is to give the audience a more graphic picture of nouns. This is<br />

shown in the following examples.<br />

• size: huge boulders<br />

• colour: a pink carnation<br />

• number: three hours<br />

• taste: an appetising dessert<br />

• place: a sandy beach<br />

• origin: a Spanish galleon<br />

• appearance: pointed ears<br />

• shape: a wide road<br />

• sound: jingling coins<br />

• direction: a westerly wind<br />

• emotion: angry words<br />

• touch: cold steel<br />

Identifying adjectives<br />

Identify all the adjectives in the following sentences.<br />

1. The pop star was driving a flash, new car.<br />

2. Among the bright coral swam little fish with quivering tails.<br />

3. The dilapidated castle appeared eerie and menacing in the mist.<br />

4. A cruel and evil witch lived in the enchanted forest.<br />

5. In the haunted house, ghostly figures vanished into thin air.<br />

6. After an arduous journey, the two exhausted explorers reached civilisation.<br />

7. A dozen porpoises, skimming through the waves, chased the old ferry across the harbour.<br />

GOOD ENGLISH<br />

11


UNIT 4<br />

Forming adjectives from the names of countries<br />

Change into adjectives the name of the countries in brackets. The first one has been done to help you.<br />

Indian<br />

1. curry (India)<br />

2. choir (Wales)<br />

3. flags (Tibet)<br />

4. cars (Japan)<br />

5. cuisine (France)<br />

6. beer (Germany)<br />

7. silk (China)<br />

8. soldiers (America)<br />

9. music (Cuba)<br />

10. butter (Denmark)<br />

11. monarch (England)<br />

12. guitars (Spain)<br />

Forming adjectives<br />

Form adjectives from the words in brackets to complete the phrases below. The first one has been<br />

done to help you.<br />

comfortable<br />

1. a chair (comfort)<br />

2. a fire (destroy)<br />

3. an athlete (energy)<br />

4. an moment (anxiety)<br />

5. a army (victory)<br />

6. an car (expense)<br />

7. a rescuer (courage)<br />

8. a sunset (gold)<br />

9. a decision (disaster)<br />

10. a flower (beauty)<br />

11. a saw (circle)<br />

12. a decision (fortune)<br />

13. a eruption (volcano)<br />

14. a child (mischief)<br />

15. a parent (pride)<br />

16. a parrot (talk)<br />

Matching up adjectives and nouns<br />

Choose the most suitable adjective from the list for each noun below. Use each adjective once only.<br />

sandy sparkling delicious fatal woollen poisonous<br />

meowing torrential villainous sharp stationary screeching<br />

1. a meal<br />

2. a coat<br />

3. a pirate<br />

4. a snake<br />

5. a knife<br />

6. a beach<br />

7. a seagull<br />

8. a car<br />

9. diamonds<br />

10. rain<br />

11. a accident<br />

12. a cat<br />

12 GOOD ENGLISH


Unit 5<br />

Comparison of adjectives<br />

Look at these three sentences:<br />

Andrew is tall.<br />

Andrew is taller than Ali.<br />

Andrew is the tallest boy in the class.<br />

The first sentence is a simple statement about one person.<br />

The second sentence makes a comparison between two<br />

people. The third sentence compares more than two<br />

people.<br />

Thus, adjectives have three degrees of comparison:<br />

• positive (one) tall<br />

• comparative (two) taller<br />

• superlative (more than two) tallest<br />

Rules for forming comparatives and superlatives<br />

1. The comparative is formed by adding ‘er’ or ‘r’.<br />

2. The superlative is formed by adding ‘est’ or ‘st’.<br />

old – older – oldest<br />

late – later – latest<br />

great – greater – greatest<br />

large – larger – largest<br />

3. When the positive form ends with ‘y’ preceded by a consonant, the ‘y’ is changed to ‘i’ before<br />

adding ‘er’ or ‘est’.<br />

angry – angrier – angriest<br />

lonely – lonelier – loneliest<br />

4. When the positive form has only one syllable, and that syllable ends with a consonant<br />

preceded by a singular vowel, the consonant is doubled before the ‘er’ or ‘est’ is added.<br />

sad – sadder – saddest<br />

slim – slimmer – slimmest<br />

5. When adjectives have more than two syllables, their comparative and superlative degrees are<br />

usually formed by the addition of the words ‘more’ or ‘most’.<br />

dangerous – more dangerous – most dangerous<br />

comfortable – more comfortable – most comfortable<br />

Some adjectives do not follow these rules. You should learn the exceptions shown in the<br />

following table.<br />

GOOD ENGLISH<br />

13


UNIT 5<br />

Positive Comparative Superlative<br />

good better best<br />

many more most<br />

little less least<br />

bad worse worst<br />

much more most<br />

Table of comparisons<br />

Complete the following table. The first row has been done to help you.<br />

Positive Comparative Superlative<br />

sweet sweeter sweetest<br />

easy<br />

beautiful<br />

good<br />

pretty<br />

efficient<br />

bad<br />

noisy<br />

thin<br />

cautious<br />

angry<br />

Completing the comparisons<br />

Correctly insert the positive, comparative or superlative forms of each of the missing adjectives.<br />

1. Big is to as is to smaller.<br />

2. is to funniest as happier is to .<br />

3. <strong>Good</strong> is to as is to worse.<br />

4. Rich is to as is to poorer.<br />

5. is to sweet as most sour is to .<br />

6. Faster is to as is to slowest.<br />

7. is to easiest as lucky is to .<br />

8. is to drier as wet is to .<br />

14 GOOD ENGLISH


Unit 6<br />

What are verbs?<br />

Verbs express action. They are doing, being, feeling and having words. Verbs can tell us what is<br />

happening or what has happened. Every sentence must contain at least one verb. A verb can be just<br />

one word or it can be a number of words (a compound verb). Here are some of the types of verbs you<br />

regularly encounter:<br />

• Action verbs: run, jump, eat, build, dance, arrive, swim, study<br />

Liam is working. They enjoy movies. We have returned.<br />

• Saying verbs: speak, announce, scream, laugh, cry, argue, moan, cheer<br />

We cheered. Emma is whispering. I will announce the winner.<br />

• Thinking and feeling verbs: believe, wonder, imagine, suffer, love, remember<br />

Noah knew the answer. I was thinking. We all had agreed.<br />

• Being and having verbs: am, is, are, was, be, being, been, has, had, have<br />

I am a student. Mia has the books. You are late.<br />

Verbs are very important in sentences. Look at the verbs the author Mary Shelley has used to create<br />

action in this scene in her novel Frankenstein. They are shown in heavy type.<br />

Frankenstein’s monster<br />

I <strong>look</strong>ed at the wretch. The monster I had created glared back at me. His jaws opened.<br />

Vague sounds came forth. He lifted a withered hand. Horrified, I rushed away. Now I am<br />

trembling downstairs.<br />

Identifying verbs<br />

from Frankenstein by Mary Shelley<br />

Write the verbs from each of the following sentences. The first one has been done to help you.<br />

1. The iPhone that I purchased online has arrived.<br />

purchased, has arrived<br />

2. The travellers believed that they would reach their destination before nightfall.<br />

3. It was raining so heavily that the golfers decided that they should abandon their game.<br />

4. Many students are arriving late to school because their buses were delayed by heavy traffic.<br />

GOOD ENGLISH<br />

15


UNIT 6<br />

5. After a series of victories in Britain, Julius Caesar said, ‘I came, I saw, I conquered’.<br />

6. When it was launched, the rocket soared through space towards the moon.<br />

7. The river overflowed its banks and most of the townspeople were evacuated.<br />

8. Before the storm came, the lightning flashed and the thunder rumbled loudly.<br />

9. In the farmyard, the hens were cackling and the chickens were cheeping.<br />

10. The two kookaburras laughed loudly while they perched in the old gum tree.<br />

11. It was snowing as the mountaineers reached the summit.<br />

Forming verbs<br />

Change the words in brackets to form past tense verbs to complete these sentences. The first one has<br />

been done to help you.<br />

simplified<br />

1. Our maths teacher the equation. (simple)<br />

2. The council to widen the old road. (decision)<br />

3. The engineers the bridge with steel girders. (strong)<br />

4. A gas container during the fire. (explosion)<br />

5. The students a very interesting novel to read. (choice)<br />

6. The farmer the fields. (fertile)<br />

7. The carpenter his tools. (sharp)<br />

8. The poet the beautiful scene. (description)<br />

9. The politician to a noisy audience. (speech)<br />

10. The pupils for their exam. (study)<br />

11. The economist the rising rate of inflation. (criticism)<br />

16 GOOD ENGLISH


UNIT 6<br />

12. The guests to leave the hotel. (decision)<br />

13. The builders the playground during the holidays. (large)<br />

14. The new lights up the classroom. (bright)<br />

15. The suspect he had not committed the crime. (proof)<br />

Using better verbs<br />

In your writing, try to use the best verbs you can. From the list below, select a better verb to replace<br />

‘walk’, ‘walks’ or ‘walked’ in each of the following sentences and write it in the space provided. The<br />

first letter has been given to help you.<br />

trudges limps shuffled strides waddle<br />

prowled plod paces toddled march<br />

1. The lion walked through the forest. It p .<br />

2. The ducks walk down to the pond. They w .<br />

3. The horses walk slowly uphill. They p .<br />

4. The tiger walks to and fro in its cage. It p .<br />

5. The weary labourer walks home. He t .<br />

6. The soldiers walk in time to the band. They m .<br />

7. The baby walked to its mother. She t .<br />

8. The principal walks up to the microphone. She s .<br />

9. The injured runner walks from the field. She l .<br />

10. The old man walked around in slippers. He s .<br />

GOOD ENGLISH<br />

17


UNIT 7<br />

Unit 7<br />

Verbs tell time<br />

Verbs not only create the action in a sentence, they also tell the time when the action occurred. This<br />

is known as the ‘tense’ of a verb. Look at the following sentences that show how verbs are used to<br />

indicate time.<br />

• Present tense The lesson begins. The teacher is speaking. The students are listening.<br />

• Future tense The whales will surface soon. The tourists will be taking photos.<br />

• Past tense The runner crossed the line. She had won. The crowd was cheering.<br />

There are three tenses a verb can have. They can be present, future or past tense.<br />

• Present tense I talk. I am talking.<br />

• Future tense I will/shall talk. I will/shall be talking.<br />

• Past tense I talked. I have talked. I have been talking.<br />

I was talking. I had talked. I had been talking.<br />

Choosing the correct tense<br />

Select verbs from the box to complete each of the following sentences. The tense indicated in the<br />

brackets at the end of each sentence will help to guide you.<br />

will screen raced am learning is being adopted predicts landed<br />

are watching will be replaced attended will arrive was speeding will be sailing<br />

1. At the moment, I Japanese. (present tense)<br />

2. The bushfire towards the old house. (past tense)<br />

3. The weather forecast rain for tomorrow. (present tense)<br />

4. A large number of young people the concert yesterday. (past tense)<br />

5. The stray dog by our neighbour. (present tense)<br />

6. Their old car soon. (future tense)<br />

7. The ambulance towards the hospital. (past tense)<br />

8. Tomorrow their relatives from overseas.<br />

(future tense)<br />

9. We a documentary about scientific discoveries.<br />

(present tense)<br />

10. Humans first on the moon in 1969. (past tense)<br />

11. Next week, cinemas a new Star Wars movie. (future tense)<br />

12. The new super yacht into the harbour tomorrow. (future tense)<br />

18 GOOD ENGLISH

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