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The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI): A Multidimensional Self ...

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204<br />

R. Rosen et al.<br />

for subjects who have had some level of sexual activity during the measurement<br />

period. Also, a score of zero in a domain total indicates that no sexual<br />

activity has been reported, but conveys no further meaningful information<br />

about the specific domain.<br />

Dependence on sexual activity did affect the original items relating to<br />

psychological distress, which were not included in the final questionnaire<br />

due to ambiguity in their interpretation. However, it should be noted, that<br />

while distress is an important component in the diagnosis of female sexual<br />

dysfunction, the evaluation of pharmaceutical agents will focus on perceptions<br />

of sexual responsiveness (e.g., level of arousal and lubrication) and<br />

global satisfaction as the clinical outcomes. <strong>The</strong> specific issue of distress in<br />

the diagnosis of female sexual dysfunction is currently being examined by a<br />

consensus panel of the American Foundation of Urological Diseases, and<br />

will be the subject of a future publication.<br />

CONCLUSIONS<br />

<strong>The</strong> <strong>FSFI</strong>, a 19-item questionnaire, has been developed as a brief, multidimensional<br />

self-report instrument for assessing the key dimensions of sexual<br />

function in women. It is psychometrically sound, easy to administer, and has<br />

demonstrated ability to discriminate between clinical and nonclinical populations.<br />

<strong>The</strong> questionnaire described was designed and validated for assessment<br />

of female sexual function and quality of life in clinical trials or epidemiological<br />

studies. Its further use in these areas remains to be investigated.<br />

REFERENCES<br />

American Psychiatric Association. (1994). DSM-IV: Diagnostic and statistical manual<br />

of mental disorders (4th ed., pp. 493–518). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric<br />

Association.<br />

Derogatis, L. R., & Melisaratos, N. (1979). <strong>The</strong> DSFI: a multidimensional measure of<br />

sexual functioning. J. Sex Marital <strong>The</strong>r. 5: 244–281.<br />

Hoon, E. F., Hoon, P. W., & Wincze, J. P. (1976). An inventory for the measurement<br />

of female sexual arousability. Arch. Sex. Behav. 5: 291–300.<br />

International Consensus Development Conference on <strong>Female</strong> <strong>Sexual</strong> Dysfunctions:<br />

Definitions and Classifications (in press). Boston, MA 1998. J. Urology.<br />

Laumann, E. O., Paik, A., & Rosen, R. C. (1999). <strong>Sexual</strong> dysfunction in the United<br />

States. JAMA 281: 537–544.<br />

Laumann, E. O., Gagnon, J. H., Michael, R. T., & Michaels, S. (1994). <strong>The</strong> Social<br />

Organization of <strong>Sexual</strong>ity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.<br />

Masters, W. H., & Johnson, V. E. (1966). Human sexual response. Boston: Little<br />

Brown.<br />

Rosen, R. C., Riley, A., Wagner, G., Osterloh, I. H., Kirkpatrick, J., & Mishra, A.<br />

(1997). <strong>The</strong> International <strong>Index</strong> of Erectile <strong>Function</strong> (IIEF): a multidimensional<br />

scale for assessment of erectile dysfunction. Urology 49: 822–830.

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