Safflower in California - University of California Cooperative Extension

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Photographs x Paul Knowles, UC Davis 4 Two-row planter used for safflower in India in 1965. 8 Minor use of safflower as a vegetable in 1965. 9 Transporting harvested safflower in India in 1965. 13 Threshing and winnowing safflower in India in 1965. 16 Processing safflower for oil in Egypt in 1958. Appendices 23 Appendix 1 Table 1. Count of accessions of cultivated safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) collected in 1958. 25 Appendix 1 Table 2. Count of accessions of wild species of safflower (genus Carthamus) collected in 1958. 26 Appendix 1 Table 3. Count of accessions of cultivated safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) collected in 1964–65. 27 Appendix 1 Table 4. Accessions of wild species of safflower (genus Carthamus) collected in 1964–65. 28 Appendix 1 Table 5. Accessions of Carduncellus species collected in 1964–65. 29 Appendix 1 Table 6. Safflower germplasm selected in China in 1988. 33 Appendix 2. Publications of P.F. Knowles on oilseed crops. 41 Appendix 3. List by species, year, and PI number of 1175 safflower accessions associated with P.F. Knowles in the collection at the USDA-ARS-RPIS, Pullman WA USA. iv
Editors’ summary: P.F. Knowles’ genetic resources legacy At the start of Paul Knowles’ career, safflower was only incidentally grown in California. By virtue of his work, the crop was introduced and improved and production and distribution became a California industry. Central to this progress was germplasm acquisition, evaluation, conservation, and utilization carried out with Knowles’ vision and leadership. His achievements were far reaching. Today, when crop genetic resources are paradoxically both increasingly recognized as highly valuable and yet confronted with ever greater risk of being lost, his story has valuable lessons. • Accessible, wide-ranging genetic diversity is essential for the genetic improvement of a crop. Knowles recognized early on that safflower breeding programs in the US had a narrow genetic base and this lack of germplasm was restricting progress. • Accessibility of genetic diversity requires international exchange and collaboration. Knowles was supported, directly and indirectly, in his efforts by his institution, several US agencies (e.g., USDA, USAID, US Dept. of State), the UN Food and Agriculture Organization, and numerous academic and national researchers and institutions and private growers and sellers in the many countries in which he traveled. He initiated and facilitated exchanges of germplasm, information, and scholars. • Collection of germplasm should be made across all environments and geographic regions in which the target species or crop grows. The mutations he reports and worked with for safflower fatty acid composition arose in very small populations in widely dispersed and unpredictable sites (India, Iran, Israel, Portugal, and Russia) and would never have been found without access to wide-ranging germplasm collections. • Useful genetic diversity can be found in landraces of the crop from regions where it has a long history of cultivation and in wild species closely related to the crop species. He reports useful genes and traits for cultivated safflower from landraces (e.g., the fatty acid composition mutations, flower color variants, growth habit, disease resistances, and male sterility) and from wild species (disease resistances). v
Page 1: Safflower in California The Paulden
Page 4 and 5: Citation: McGuire, P.E., A.B. Daman
Page 8 and 9: • Indigenous germplasm is being r
Page 11 and 12: Preface The history of safflower in
Page 13 and 14: Foreword The story of Paulden F. Kn
Page 15 and 16: Introduction In October of 1947 I j
Page 17 and 18: 4. Promotion: The Pacific Vegetable
Page 19 and 20: Figure 1. Route map of 1964-65 trip
Page 21 and 22: Distribution of cultivated safflowe
Page 23 and 24: spined, and there is an intermediat
Page 25 and 26: Zimmer and Leininger (1965) tested
Page 27 and 28: leaf margins; shattering vs. nonsha
Page 29 and 30: Fatty acid composition of safflower
Page 31 and 32: Already mentioned are the cytoplasm
Page 33 and 34: References Ashri A 1957. Cytogeneti
Page 35: Knowles PF and A mUtwAKil 1963. Inh
Page 38 and 39: Appendix 1. Table 1. Continued.* Co
Page 40 and 41: Appendix 1. Table 3. Count of acces
Page 42 and 43: Appendix 1. Table 5. Accessions of
Page 44 and 45: Appendix 1. Table 6. Continued.* No
Page 47 and 48: Appendix 2. Publications of P.F. Kn
Page 49 and 50: Appendix 2. continued 1964 Knowles,
Page 51 and 52: Appendix 2. continued 1973 Beard, B
Page 53: Appendix 2. continued 1982 Fernánd
Page 56 and 57:
Appendix 3. continued Carthamus tin
Page 58:
Appendix 3. continued Carthamus oxy
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Safflower in California - University of California Cooperative Extension

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