Air Force Doctrine Document 2-1.1

damaged. Redundancy includes dual, contingency, or back-up capabilities
which can assume primary mission functions, in whole or in part, upon
failure or degradation of the primary system.
❇ Detection and Warning Systems. Timely detection and warning of
air and missile threats provide maximum reaction time for friendly forces
to seek shelter or take appropriate action against enemy attacks. Missile
warning is especially vital to friendly forces when considering the
compressed timelines for detection and warning of TMs. Connectivity
of available communications and sensor systems is required to transmit
accurate, real time data to friendly forces. A combination of air-, space-,
and surface-based detection and communication assets is established
to maximize opportunities for missile detection and warning times.
“All clear” procedures are established to notify forces when a warning is
false or the threat has passed.
❇ Dispersal. Dispersal complicates the enemy’s ability to locate and target
friendly assets by spreading them out and bringing them together in concentration
only at the time and place of our choosing. Combined with
mobility and deception, dispersal increases uncertainty as to whether
a location is occupied or will remain occupied. It forces the enemy to
search more locations, requiring more resources and time.
❇ Mobility. Mobility is the capability of easily moving from one location to
another and is facilitated by keeping a small footprint. Frequent movement
of units, inside the enemy’s decision cycle, can be of critical importance.
Mobility reduces vulnerability and increases survivability of
friendly assets by complicating enemy surveillance, reconnaissance, and
targeting.
EXECUTION AND INTEGRATION OF DCA
OPERATIONS
Joint forces practice and employ all levels of defensive measures
to provide maximum protection for friendly forces and assets. Units
defend against air and missile attacks by using organic weapons and passive
measures. The AADC is the central control agent responsible for the
integration of all air defense efforts in the theater of operations. The AADC
develops engagement procedures for all air defense weapons based on
the JFC’s objectives and guidance. Execution of efficient air defense operations
requires a surveillance and reporting system capable of near-
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