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10.6.5 Standard of Care vs.
Corticosteroid for Retinal
Vein Occlusion Study ...... 154
10.6.6 Intravitreal Anti-VEGF
Therapy .................. 155
10.7 Surgical Treatments ....... 156
10.7.1 BRVO ..................... 156
10.7.2 CRVO .................... 156
10.7.2.1 Laser-Induced Venous
Chorioretinal Anastomosis . 156
10.7.2.2 Recombinant Tissue
Plasminogen Activator ..... 156
10.7.2.3 Radial Optic Neurotomy ... 157
10.7.2.4 Intravitreal Triamcinolone:
As Adjunctive Therapy ..... 158
10.8 Prevention—Systemic
Factor Control ............. 158
10.9 Conclusion ............... 158
Chapter 11
New Perspectives in Stargardt’s Disease
Noemi Lois
11.1 Introduction .............. 166
11.2 Epidemiology and Clinical
Findings .................. 166
11.3 Imaging Studies .......... 169
11.3.1 Fluorescein Angiography .. 169
11.3.2 Indocyanine Green
Angiography .............. 170
11.3.3 Fundus Autofluorescence .. 170
11.3.4 Optical Coherence
Tomography .............. 172
11.4 Electrophysiology
and Psychophysics ........ 172
11.5 Histopathology ........... 174
11.6 Differential Diagnosis ...... 174
11.7 Genetics and Molecular
Biology ................... 174
11.8 Animal Models of STGD-
FFM ...................... 177
11.9 Current and Future
Treatments ............... 177
Chapter 12
Idiopathic Macular Telangiectasia
Peter Charbel Issa, Hendrik P.N. Scholl,
Hans-Martin Helb, Frank G. Holz
12.1 Introduction .............. 183
12.2 Type 1 Idiopathic Macular
Telangiectasia ............. 183
12.2.1 Epidemiology ............. 183
12.2.2 Diagnostic Approach and
Clinical Findings .......... 185
12.2.3 Functional Implications ... 185
12.2.4 Pathophysiological
Considerations ............ 186
12.2.5 Therapy .................. 186
12.3 Type 2 Idiopathic Macular
Telangiectasia ............. 187
12.3.1 Epidemiology ............. 188
12.3.2 Diagnostic Approach and
Clinical Findings ........... 188
12.3.3 Functional Implications .... 189
12.3.4 Associated Diseases ....... 192
12.3.5 Pathophysiological
Considerations ............ 192
12.3.6 Therapeutic Approaches ... 193
12.4 Type 3: Idiopathic Macular
Telangiectasia ............. 194
12.5 Perspectives .............. 194
Chapter 13
Artificial Vision
Peter Walter
13.1 Introduction .............. 199
13.2 Current Concepts
for Restoring Vision Using
Electrical Stimulation ...... 200
13.3 Interfacing the Neurons .... 200
13.3.1 Epiretinal Stimulation ...... 201
13.3.2 Subretinal Approach ....... 203
13.3.3 Transchoroidal, Transscleral,
and Suprachoroidal
Stimulation ............... 203
13.3.4 Optic Nerve Approach ..... 204
13.3.5 Cortical Prosthesis ......... 204
13.4 Pixel Vision and Filters ..... 204
13.5 Outlook .................. 206
13.6 Conclusion ................ 206
Subject Index .................. 211
Contents XIII