APPENDIX B Abstracts <strong>of</strong> Selected Papers Useful in Study <strong>of</strong> Wind Effects on Trees
j< : ‘I ., 2 ~cq>$,,+f.;; :r :: a, ,,~,-.r~~~,--c,, ,,~,i.r~~~,~,-,,, ,;1 ,^ i,?~~~~!~~,~~~~:,,,l‘ i,?~~~~!~~,~~~~:,,,~‘ ,,., : ‘_ 0. ,._ ._ / ST I ,.,%~ -.; ._,,. ._,,. ;, /t i 1.8 A:-.* L .i _, ~. .; , ,.,;,“z .,_ ., ~ / r :. ,, :. ,, : .I,:: .-,: ,_ 1 _,._ + __ _ .‘ . .., ^.,( ..” . . “. ;- -- .,. q ,1 (,‘3 !’ .;, ,.., ‘j ‘$ { Barth, I)., 1963: Wind, <strong>wind</strong>einflusses Baumform <strong>an</strong>d L<strong>an</strong>schaft: Eine Untersuchung des auf Baumform <strong>an</strong>d Kulturl<strong>an</strong>d s&aft am Beispiel ', ) ,; ,; des Mistralgebietes im fr<strong>an</strong>zosischem Rhonetal. In: Ereiburger Geographische Freiburg. Hefte, Heft 1, edited by F. Bartz <strong>an</strong>d W. Weischet. "' An excellent <strong>an</strong>d thorough paper on the problem <strong>of</strong> tree deforma- tion by the <strong>wind</strong>. A subjective index <strong>of</strong> .<strong>wind</strong> effects <strong>of</strong> trees is developed. No attempt is made to calibrate this index. There is <strong>an</strong> excellent bibliography on Europe<strong>an</strong> research with 121 references. B<strong>an</strong>n<strong>an</strong>, M.W. <strong>an</strong>d M. Bindra, 1970: The influence <strong>of</strong> <strong>wind</strong> on ring.width <strong>an</strong>d cell length in conifer stems. C<strong>an</strong>ad. J. Bot. 48: 255-259. This report deals with some <strong>of</strong> the relationships between <strong>wind</strong>, stem form, ring width, cell length <strong>an</strong>d frequency <strong>of</strong> multiplicative divisions in the cambium. Three species were studied: white spruce, lodgepole pine, <strong>an</strong>d e<strong>as</strong>tern white pine. In this study, the <strong>an</strong>nual rings were found to be narrow on the west side <strong>of</strong> the stem <strong>an</strong>d widest on the e<strong>as</strong>t side where the prevailing <strong>wind</strong> is from the west. The authors con- cluded that in these kind <strong>of</strong> sampled trees, the <strong>wind</strong> seems to be more potent th<strong>an</strong> sun in the determination <strong>of</strong> stem form. The differences in cell length for the opposite sides <strong>of</strong> the stem could not be related to a consistent one sided development <strong>of</strong> reaction wood. However, the develop- ment <strong>of</strong> shorter cells is favored due to the widening <strong>of</strong> the ring on the leeward side. Carlton, R.R., 1976: Influences <strong>of</strong> the duration <strong>of</strong> periodic sway on the stem form development <strong>of</strong> four-year-old Dougl<strong>as</strong>-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). unpublished M<strong>as</strong>ters Thesis, Oregon State University. This paper describes the effects on growth <strong>of</strong> mechnically induced sway. Signific<strong>an</strong>tly, Carlton found that stem diameter incre<strong>as</strong>es <strong>as</strong> the period <strong>of</strong> swaying incre<strong>as</strong>ed. The bibliography contains a good collection <strong>of</strong> recent papers on <strong>wind</strong> effects on trees. Fritts, H.C., 1976: Tree Rings <strong>an</strong>d Climate. Academic Press, London. This book summarizes the b<strong>as</strong>ic principles currently employed in dendroclimatology <strong>an</strong>d illustrates how these concepts <strong>an</strong>d principles are applied to the reconstruction <strong>of</strong> climatic variation that h<strong>as</strong> occurred in the p<strong>as</strong>t. This book is not addressed to the problem using trees <strong>as</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>indicator</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>wind</strong>s but provides excellent source <strong>of</strong> information on the effect <strong>of</strong> other climatic <strong>an</strong>d environmental variables on tree growth. Heiligm<strong>an</strong>n, R. <strong>an</strong>d G. Schneider, 1974: Effects <strong>of</strong> <strong>wind</strong> <strong>an</strong>d soil moisture on black walnut seedlings. For. Sci. 20: 331-335. This study is concerned with the influence <strong>of</strong> different combina- tions <strong>of</strong> typical <strong>wind</strong> velocities <strong>an</strong>d soil moisture regimes on the growth <strong>of</strong> black walnut seedlings. High <strong>wind</strong> <strong>velocity</strong> reduced stem, foliage, shoot , - 54 -
- Page 1 and 2:
A project of Volunteers In /,tn.iil
- Page 3 and 4:
NOTICE This report was prepared as
- Page 5 and 6:
The objective of this study is to d
- Page 7 and 8:
4. The relationship of height and c
- Page 9 and 10: E = w -P J ‘: A Shape Index (S) A
- Page 11 and 12: The indices G and D which are indic
- Page 13 and 14: Dendrometer readings on a'scheduled
- Page 15 and 16: compression wood. The mechanisms th
- Page 17 and 18: Tree Identifier 151 161 162 381 I 3
- Page 19 and 20: Date 12 May 1977 12 May 1977 12 May
- Page 21 and 22: ORT ORFORD OREGON @ EUGENE e ROSEBU
- Page 23 and 24: 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8
- Page 25 and 26: I P 03 I W 0 is Ei “r z) x 5 2.6
- Page 27 and 28: @ k V 7T Figure 8. A representation
- Page 29 and 30: 1.67 125 1.14 1.00 080 - w m. 0 I I
- Page 31 and 32: CORE FROM LEEWARD SIDE OF CONIFER C
- Page 33 and 34: Bannan, M.W. and M. Bindra, 1970: T
- Page 35 and 36: Hewson, E.W., 1973a: Wind power res
- Page 37 and 38: Oosting, H.J., 1954: Ecological pro
- Page 39 and 40: Yoshino, M.M., 1975: Climate in a S
- Page 41 and 42: Brockmann-Jerosch, H.: Baumgrenzen
- Page 43 and 44: Klein, L.: Die Physiognomie der mit
- Page 45 and 46: Windgeformte B&me in den Talern der
- Page 47 and 48: References from Yoshino Aulitzky, H
- Page 49 and 50: Holtmeier, F.-K., 1967: Die Waldgre
- Page 51 and 52: ‘: Lawrence, Donald B., f939: Som
- Page 53 and 54: Ogawa, H., 1971: Sangaku chiiki ni
- Page 55 and 56: Scultetus, H.R., 1969: Klimatologie
- Page 57 and 58: Wilson, J.W., 1959: Notes on wind a
- Page 59: No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4 No. 5 No. 6
- Page 63 and 64: Larson, P.R., 1965: Stemform of you
Change language