The biology of Canadian weeds. 117. Taraxacum officinale G. H. ...

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828 CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE tion of 13–31% dry weight required an additional day to dry to the same level as forage free of T. officinale. Leaves of T. officinale dried faster than stems or ribs and this can cause a loss in dry matter yield during mechanical haymaking (Isselstein and Ridder 1993). Fig. 1. (A) seedling at three-leaf stage (× 1/2 ); (B) mature plant (× 1/2 ). Taraxacum officinale also occurs as a weed in national parks (Tyser and Worley 1992) and in peppermint fields in the USA (Carda et al. 1992). It may also act as an alternative host for boll weevils (Haynes and Smith 1992), cabbage looper, yellow-striped armyworm (Dussourd and Denno
1994), green peach aphid (Kaakeh and Hogmire 1991), Pseudomonas viridiflava, which causes bacterial streak and bulb rot of onion (Gitaitis et al. 1998), and numerous viruses (Brcák 1979; Mountain et al. 1983). STEWART-WADE ET AL — TARAXACUM OFFICINALE G. H. WEBER EX WIGGERS 829 Fig. 2. (A) floret (× 4); (B) cypsela (seed) (× 7). Taraxacum officinale is used as a medicinal plant (see section 3b), however, overindulgence may render the liver inactive and cause various unpleasant symptoms (Jackson 1982). The pollen of T. officinale has been identified as an
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