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CONTENTS Contents PREFACE - By Peter Rosenblum I INTRODUCTION - By Tapan Bose II NHRC CHRONOLOGY IX JASWANT SINGH KHALRA: A MARTYR FOR HUMAN RIGHTS 1 Part One: Evidence of Mass Illegal Cremations 3 The Abduction of Jaswant Singh Khalra 6 Intervention by the Supreme Court of India 7 Part Two: Narrative History of Punjab and Human Rights Inspirations 11 The Gadhr Movement 11 Communal Movements and Kartar Singh 15 Partition of Punjab 19 Formative Years of Jaswant Singh Khalra 21 Khalra’s Early Political Activities 24 Indira Gandhi’s Emergency: Sideshows of a Democracy 27 Incongruous Alliances: the Akalis and Jarnail Singh Bhindrawale 28 Indira Gandhi Moves to Consolidate Power 32 Operation Blue Star: The Army Assault 35 Assassination of Indira Gandhi and Delhi Pogroms 41 Abortion of a Peace Accord 45 Election Hopes 48 Poll Boycott 50 Silencing of Human Rights Groups 52 Early Investigations by Jaswant Singh Khalra 53 Senior Officers Threaten Jaswant Singh Khalra 55 Vitriolic Public Exchanges 57 Assassination of the Chief Minister 60 Part Three: Khalra’s Abduction and the CBI’s Investigation 61 The Identification of the Police Officers 62 Campaign against Human Rights Groups 64
Reduced to Ashes Witnesses Face Police Pressure 65 CBI Caves in to Police Impunity 67 Elusive Goals of Justice and Truth 71 IMPUNITY BY ALL MEANS: RIGHTS AND THE DEAD-ENDS OF LAW 73 Part One: The Search for Truth 75 Election Manifesto 75 Recent Examples of Truth Commissions 76 Paradigmatic Examples: Argentina and Chile Popular Co-Agency 77 82 Part Two: Legislative Apparatus of Counter-insurgency 83 Draconian Laws 83 Examination of Provisions of TADA 84 Point and Counterpoint: Supreme Court Upholds TADA 87 Subordination of Fundamental Rights to the Will of the State 98 Part Three: Punjab Police—Development and Reorganization 100 Origins of the Punjab Police 100 Savage Transformations: Allegations of Undercover Operations 102 Police Vigilante Outfits 104 Gurdev Singh Kaunke 107 Police Quotas for Murders: Interview with an SSP 107 Part Four: People’s Commission and NHRC 108 The People’s Commission and the Clamour for its Ban 108 Political and Legal Arguments For and Against the Ban 110 Origins of the NHRC 114 Four Phases of the Proceedings: Preliminary Questions 115 Conflicts on the Scope of Inquiry 116 Submissions on the Preliminary Issues 117 The Order on the Preliminary Issues 119 Our Suggestions on the Modalities of Further Proceedings 122 Second Phase: The Union Government Returns to the Supreme Court 123 Arguments in a Vicious Circle 124 Deconstruction of a Mandate 125 The Terms of Reference: New Interpretations 126 Limitations on the NHRC Inquiry 128 Our Understanding of the Mandate 129 The Commission Rejects our Review Application 130
Page 1: SAFHR Publications SAFHR Paper Seri
Page 6 and 7: Contents Third Phase: The Grounds f
Page 8 and 9: PREFACE This report on disappearanc
Page 10 and 11: INTRODUCTION I have no hope. In ten
Page 12 and 13: Introduction are still seeking just
Page 14 and 15: amidst the banning of the privately
Page 16 and 17: CHORONOLOGY THE MATTER OF POLICE AB
Page 18 and 19: Choronology XI preliminary submissi
Page 20 and 21: Choronology XIII serted that the bu
Page 22 and 23: CHAPTER ONE Jaswant Singh Khalra: A
Page 24 and 25: Jaswant Singh Khalra: A Martyr for
Page 26 and 27: 8 9 10 Jaswant Singh Khalra: A Mart
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Jaswant Singh Khalra: A Martyr for
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CHAPTER TWO Impunity by all means:
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Impunity by all means: Rights and t
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2 3 4 5 Impunity by all means: Righ
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31 TADA 3. [1], [3], [4] 32 TADA (2
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CHAPTER THREE Methodology 147 METHO
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Methodology 149 One of the main obj
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Methodology 151 By determining a fe
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Methodology 153 decide whether the
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Marital Status Out of 838 victims,
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Methodology 157 report to the Supre
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CHAPTER FOUR Analysis of Case Summa
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Analysis of Case Summaries 161 The
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Analysis of Case Summaries 163 stat
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Analysis of Case Summaries 165 vict
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Analysis of Case Summaries 167 The
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Analysis of Case Summaries 169 Udha
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Analysis of Case Summaries 171 requ
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Analysis of Case Summaries 173 the
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Analysis of Case Summaries 175 Furt
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Analysis of Case Summaries 177 inno
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Analysis of Case Summaries 179 left
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Traveling outside Punjab Boundaries
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Analysis of Case Summaries 183 Indi
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Analysis of Case Summaries 185 some
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Analysis of Case Summaries 187 memb
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Analysis of Case Summaries 189 fath
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Analysis of Case Summaries 191 are
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Analysis of Case Summaries 193 peri
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Analysis of Case Summaries 195 Ajit
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Analysis of Case Summaries 197 asse
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Analysis of Case Summaries 199 not
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Analysis of Case Summaries 201 22 a
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Analysis of Case Summaries 203 our
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CHAPTER FIVE Summaries of Cases of
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Summaries of Cases of Illegal Crema
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ENDNOTE REFLECTIONS AND RECOMMENDAT
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601 of the state’s investigative
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APPENDIX - I PRESS NOTE ON MASS ILL
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Appendix I 605 What is surprising i
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APPENDIX - II INCIDENT REPORT FORM
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Appendix II First Information Repor
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APPENDIX - III DISTRICTS OF PUNJAB
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APPENDIX - IV ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCT
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APPENDIX - V 615 12 DECEMBER 1996 S
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Appendix V 617 the Press Note are c
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APPENDIX - VI NHRC PROCEEDING NATIO
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AKALI DAL APPENDIX - VII GLOSSARY 6
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appendices.p65 623 4/27/03, 10:28 P
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18./048 Gurnam Singh s/o Jarnail Si
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10/80 Major Singh S/o Kabulsingh 31
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appendices.p65 629 4/27/03, 10:28 P
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Appendix VII 53/103 12.07.1989 Khal
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 633 We owe our dee
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