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$uWaterloo LaTeX Thesis Template - UWSpace - University of Waterloo$

Author’s Declaration I hereby declare that I am the sole author <strong>of</strong> this thesis. This is a true copy <strong>of</strong> the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. iii
Page 1: Persulfate Persistence and Treatabi
Page 6 and 7: temporal profiles from these push-p
Page 8 and 9: also increased for SO which is a by
Page 10 and 11: Andrews played the role of this pan
Page 13 and 14: Table of Contents List of Figures
Page 15: 2− 5.3.2 Mass loading: SO , Na +
Page 18 and 19: Figure 4.2. Concentration profiles
Page 21: List of Tables Table 2.1. Selective
Page 24 and 25: compounds. In the absence of site r
Page 26 and 27: alkanes, fuel-related contaminants
Page 28 and 29: term contamination sources and rele
Page 30 and 31: persulfate interacts with the aquif
Page 33 and 34: Chapter 2 1 Persistence of Persulfa
Page 35 and 36: In the presence of aquifer material
Page 37 and 38: materials
Page 39 and 40: flow column experiments is that the
Page 41 and 42: Data from the control reactors indi
Page 43 and 44: Since the buffering capacity of car
Page 45 and 46: with 23 (2.6) where kcat is the min
Page 47 and 48: catalyzed reaction in the systems f
Page 49 and 50: COD test results illustrated loss o
Page 51 and 52: g/mL vs. 3.9±0.4 g/mL). This will
Page 53 and 54:
flow mode of column operation was u
Page 55 and 56:
Pilot-scale data are representative
Page 57 and 58:
Ionic Strength (M) 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2
Page 59 and 60:
C/C o 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 Figure 2.6
Page 61:
39 Table 2.1. Selective chemical pr
Page 64 and 65:
activation trials, lower stability
Page 66 and 67:
solvents) (Anipsitakis and Dionysio
Page 68 and 69:
catalyst drainage from the aqueous
Page 70 and 71:
2− − − 2− −• −• S2
Page 72 and 73:
lined plastic cap and manually shak
Page 74 and 75:
3.4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.4.1.
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eaction with Fe(II) (Figure 3.1). C
Page 78 and 79:
At a molar ratio of 10 for the 1 g/
Page 80 and 81:
that persulfate degradation was inf
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persulfate treatability studies to
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C TOS /C o C TOS /C o C TOS /C o 10
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pH pH pH 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 14 12 1
Page 88 and 89:
Table 3.2. Summary of activated per
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Chapter 4 Persulfate Oxidation of G
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minimize disturbance to above groun
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emediation of gasoline contaminated
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materials, ~29 g of the selected so
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Residual oxidant analysis was perfo
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The overall mass action law for oxi
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−• SO 4 and OH ● ). The kobs
Page 105 and 106:
chelating agent (citric acid) and t
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indicates that at an extremely high
Page 109 and 110:
extension, both the F1 fraction and
Page 111 and 112:
natural activation and unactivated
Page 113 and 114:
C/C o C/C o C/C o 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4
Page 115 and 116:
Table 4.1. Summary of experimental
Page 117 and 118:
Chapter 5 In Situ Gasoline Source Z
Page 119 and 120:
effectiveness in the treatment of t
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from 2.25 to 4.5 m. The injection w
Page 123 and 124:
controller and connected to the tan
Page 125 and 126:
To capture changes in the mass load
Page 127 and 128:
Inorganic analysis consisted of per
Page 129 and 130:
converted to SO . The estimate for
Page 131 and 132:
inorganic species were flushed from
Page 133 and 134:
observed for all MGCs. The mass loa
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end of the idealized injection slug
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monitoring fence-line was primarily
Page 139 and 140:
Figure 5.2. Image of the persulfate
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Persulfate (mg/L) 2- SO4 (mg/L) Na
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M (g/day) ● M/M o ● ● 30 20 1
Page 145 and 146:
Cumulative Mass (g) Cumulative Mass
Page 147 and 148:
Chapter 6 Closure 6.1. CONCLUSIONS
Page 149 and 150:
persulfate kinetic behavior. It hig
Page 151 and 152:
persulfate implying that substantia
Page 153 and 154:
conditions than bench-scale studies
Page 155 and 156:
References CHAPTER 1 Appelo, C.A.J.
Page 157 and 158:
Lundegard, P.D., Johnson, P.C., 200
Page 159 and 160:
CHAPTER 2 Balazs, G.B., Cooper, J.F
Page 161 and 162:
Langmuir, D., 1997. Aqueous Environ
Page 163 and 164:
Kolthoff, I.M., Medalia, A.I., Raae
Page 165 and 166:
CHAPTER 4 Agency for Toxic Substanc
Page 167 and 168:
Lundegard, P.D., Johnson, P.C., 200
Page 169 and 170:
CHAPTER 5 Agency for Toxic Substanc
Page 171:
Sudicky, E.A., 1986. A natural grad
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