Water Reuse Handbook - the Public Building Commission of Chicago

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Water Reuse Handbook Upfront Cost Cartridge Filter $ Filter must be changed regularly UV Light Disinfection $$ Change UV bulb every 10,000 hours or yearly; protective cover must be cleaned regularly Chlorine Disinfection $-$$$ Monthly dose applied manually for tablet feeders; Continuous monitoring for liquid chlorine systems Source: Texas Rainwater Manual 28 : Public Building Commission of Chicago Maintenance Effectiveness Most Likely Application Removes particles >3 microns Disinfects filtered water provided there are 0.001 microns Removes particles >0.02 microns Less effective in high turbidity, can be improved with prefiltering Comments A disinfection treatment is also recommended Water must be filtered prior to exposure for maximum effectiveness Excessive chlorination may be linked to negative health and environmental impacts Greywater System A disinfection treatment is also recommended Greywater System A disinfection treatment is also recommended Greywater System Requires a pump to circulate ozone molecules August 2011
Tools and Strategies: Blackwater Systems Blackwater Systems Introduction Aeration-Based Blackwater System August 2011 Blackwater systems take wastewater from flush fixtures, typically containing fecal matter and urine, process it, and enable it to be reused for toilet flushing, irrigation, or fertilization of gardens or agriculture. There are several different strategies that accomplish this purpose, which are outlined below. While blackwater systems may provide a viable solution for processing wastewater, it should be noted that no aerated or wetland-based blackwater treatment systems exist in the State of Illinois. There are several blackwater systems around the country and even more abroad. There are no regulations in the State to permit such systems; therefore, any potential blackwater systems must be permitted specially first at the State level and then by the City of Chicago Committee on Standards and Tests. Aerated systems work by using accelerated aerobic and anaerobic decomposition to remove bacteria and particles from the blackwater. Such systems typically have several key components: • A septic tank providing an anaerobic bacterial environment to settle out and decompose large solids • An aeration chamber where air is injected into the chamber, causing the tank contents to churn. Bacteria settle and multiply on the sludge particles, digesting a variety of nutrients and oxygen • A sludge settling chamber where sludge sinks to the bottom of the tank and partially treated water is forced upwards through a mechanism that has another bacteria biomass covering it. This colony of bacteria then consumes most of the oxygen and breaks down any remaining solid particles. • A purification chamber typically utilizing UV sterilization, chlorination, or ultrafiltration Water Sensitive Urban Design in the Sydney Region PRACTICE NOTE 9 Water Reuse Handbook • the volume of wastewater discharged to the septic tank is greater than its design volume • failure to periodically remove sludge from the septic tank Wastewa • insufficient area of absorption trench to accept effluent from the septic tank • inappropriate soil type for absorption of effluent. Aerated systems There are a number of different aerated wastewater treatment systems available for on-site management and reuse of wastewater. These systems rely on mechanical devices to mix, aerate and pump the effluent, subjecting it to accelerated aerobic and anaerobic decomposition using one or two tanks (see Figure 2). Wastewater from house Septic tank (see Fig 1) Effluent discharge Aeration chamber Sludge return Settling & chlorination chamber Sludge Pump Outlet One Fig 2: example Aerated of wastewater an aerated treatment blackwater system (Water Sensitive Urban Design in the Sydney Region) Provided that the required management and maintenance regimes are adhered to, including periodic sludge removal, the effluent should be clear and odourless, and meet NSW Department of Health guidelines. Effluent quality should be better than 30 mg/l suspended solids concentration, 20 mg/l BOD , 0.5 mg/l free residual chlorine and 10 5 organisms per 100 ml for faecal coliforms. It can then be disposed of by surface or underground irrigation. A minimum irrigation area of 200 m2 http://www.wsud.org/downloads/Planning%20 Guide%20&%20PN%27s/09-Wastewater.pdf is usually required. Public Building Commission of Chicago : 29 Air Greyw There are t systems: pr primary sys distributed lawn and g Shower, bath & basin Reti sew Fig 3: Prima Careful sel products is impacts on salts, nutri detergents untreated it should n Secondary greywater toilet flush Figure 4). T drip irrigat Shower, bath & basin To Reticu sewag Fig 4: Secon
Page 1 and 2: AUGUST 2011 Public Building Commiss
Page 3 and 4: Contents Introduction .............
Page 5 and 6: Letter from the Chairman As Chairma
Page 7 and 8: Letter from the Executive Director
Page 9 and 10: Introduction The Public Building Co
Page 11 and 12: Reduced Demand for Potable Water Re
Page 13 and 14: Water Regulations Introduction Exis
Page 15 and 16: Recent Regulatory Developments Augu
Page 17 and 18: Tools and Strategies: Reducing Fres
Page 19 and 20: Tools and Strategies: Reducing Fres
Page 21 and 22: August 2011 VENTILATION 8 FINISH In
Page 23 and 24: Tools and Strategies: Rainwater Har
Page 31 and 32: August 2011 VENTILATION 7 REQUIRED
Page 33 and 34: Tools and Strategies: Greywater Sys
Page 35: Tools and Strategies: Greywater Sys
Page 39 and 40: August 2011 Public Building Commiss
Page 41 and 42: Planning for a Water Reuse System:
Page 43 and 44: Planning for a Water Reuse System:
Page 45 and 46: Building Operations and Maintenance
Page 47 and 48: Building Operations and Maintenance
Page 49 and 50: Local Case Studies: Beach Houses Be
Page 51 and 52: Local Case Studies: Beach Houses Au
Page 53 and 54: Local Case Studies: Valley Forge Fi
Page 55 and 56: Local Case Studies: Yannell Residen
Page 57 and 58: Local Case Studies: Center on Halst
Page 59 and 60: Local Case Studies: Center on Halst
Page 61 and 62: National/International Examples: St
Page 63 and 64: National/International Examples: Po
Page 65 and 66: National/International Examples: To
Page 67 and 68: National/International Examples: Ha
Page 69 and 70: National/International Examples: Sy
Page 75 and 76: Bibliography “Greywater Reuse in
Page 77 and 78: Bibliography “The Lifesaver Bottl
Page 79 and 80: Definitions Definitions August 2011
Page 81 and 82: August 2011 Water Reuse Handbook Pu
Page 83 and 84: August 2011 Water Reuse Handbook Pu

Water Reuse Handbook - the Public Building Commission of Chicago

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