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Internal and external factors that encourage or discourage

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"Perceived efficacy can affect. . .whether people even consider changing their health habits, how<br />

hard they try should they choose to do so, how much they change, <strong>and</strong> how well they maintain the<br />

changes they have achieved." (B<strong>and</strong>ura, 1990 [1])<br />

"In these interpersonal (pressures <strong>and</strong> sentiments) the sway of coercive power, allurements, desire<br />

f<strong>or</strong> social acceptance, social pressures, situational constraints, <strong>and</strong> fear of rejection <strong>and</strong> personal<br />

embarrassment can override the influence of the best of inf<strong>or</strong>med judgment." (B<strong>and</strong>ura, 1990 [1])<br />

"Misappraisals of riskiness of one's sexual practices tend to be associated with underestimation of<br />

personal susceptibility to infection." (B<strong>and</strong>ura, 1990 [1])<br />

"People's belief <strong>that</strong> they can motivate themselves <strong>and</strong> regulate their own behavi<strong>or</strong> plays a crucial<br />

role in whether they even consider altering habits detrimental to health." (B<strong>and</strong>ura, 1990 [1])<br />

"Perceived self-efficacy emerged as the best predict<strong>or</strong> of sexual risk-taking behavi<strong>or</strong>." (B<strong>and</strong>ura,<br />

1990 [1])<br />

"What people need is sound inf<strong>or</strong>mation.., guidance on how to regulate their behavi<strong>or</strong>, <strong>and</strong> firm<br />

belief in their personal efficacy to turn concerns into effective preventive actions." (B<strong>and</strong>ura, 1990 [1])<br />

"Patients' perceived efficacy <strong>that</strong> they could stick to the required preventive behavi<strong>or</strong> was a good<br />

predict<strong>or</strong> of whether they adopted the preventive practices." (B<strong>and</strong>ura, 1990 [111)<br />

"The stronger the perceived self-efficacy, the m<strong>or</strong>e likely people are to adopt the recommended<br />

practices." (B<strong>and</strong>ura, 1990 [1])<br />

[1])<br />

"Success is usually achieved through renewed eff<strong>or</strong>t following failed attempts." (B<strong>and</strong>ura, 1990<br />

"Human competency requires not only skills, but also self-belief in one's capability to use those<br />

skills well." (B<strong>and</strong>ura, 1990 [1])<br />

"It is resiliency in perceived self-efficacy <strong>that</strong> counts in maintenance of changes in health habits.<br />

The higher the perceived self-efficacy, the greater is the success in maintenance of health-promoting<br />

behavi<strong>or</strong>." (B<strong>and</strong>ura, 1990 [1])<br />

"People effect self-directed change when they underst<strong>and</strong> how personal habits threaten their wellbeing,<br />

are taught how to modify them, <strong>and</strong> believe in their capabilities to marshal the eff<strong>or</strong>t <strong>and</strong> resources<br />

needed to exercise control." (B<strong>and</strong>ura, 1990 [1])<br />

"Neither intention n<strong>or</strong> desire alone has much effect (on self-regulation) if people lack the<br />

capability f<strong>or</strong> exercising influence over their own motivation <strong>and</strong> behavi<strong>or</strong>." (B<strong>and</strong>ura, 1991 [2])<br />

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