IWA Specialist Group Directory - Nieuwe Sanitatie - Stowa

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Umweltbundesamt (2008). Trinkwasserhygienische Bewertung stoffrechtlich nicht relevanter Metaboliten von Wirkstoffen aus Pfl anzenschutzmitteln im Trinkwasser. Empfehlung des Umweltbundesamtes nach Anhörung der Trinkwasserkommission des Bundesministeriums für Gesundheit beim Umweltbundesamt. http://www.umweltdaten.de/wasser-e/ empfnichtbewertbstoffe-english.pdf http://resources.metapress. com/pdf-preview.axd?code=21n1042mv8327820&size =largest und Bundesgesundheitsbl-Gesundheitsforsch- Gesundheitsschutz 51:797-801 (2008) English: http://www. umweltdaten.de/wasser-e/hygiene-related_assessment_ of_non-rele-vant_metabolites_recommondation_april_ 2008.pdf. IWA Specialist Groups WHO (2008). Guidelines for drinking water quality. 3rd edition; Geneva. WHO (2006). Guidelines for the safe use of wastewater, excreta and greywater. Volume 2: Wastewater use in agriculture. 7
8 IWA Specialist Groups Biofilms Written by Zbigniew Lewandowski on behalf of the Specialist Group The mission of the Biofi lms Specialist Group is to provide a forum for the exchange of scientifi c and technical information among researchers and practitioners involved in the fi eld of bio fi lms. The scope of the Group’s interests includes on the one hand all engineered and natural aquatic systems, in which sessile bacteria are found, and on the other all biological, chemical and physical processes, which are relevant for biofi lm behaviour. The Management Committee of the Specialist Group organises specialised biofi lm conferences, conference sessions, workshops, courses, and runs a Biofi lm Scientifi c Discussion Group. The Discussion Group facilitates fast transfer of information and news. It is a forum to ask questions, exchange ideas, share experiences, and discuss solutions for everyday workplace problems encountered by researchers and practitioners dealing with biofi lms. The description of the Biofi lms Specialist Group can be found o the IWA homepage at http://www.iwahq.org/ Home/Networks/Specialist_groups/List_of_groups/Biofi lms/. The Biofi lms Specialist Group also runs its own homepage at http://www.iwa-biofi lm.org/ where more details about our activities can be found. The Biofi lm Discussion Group can be reached at biofi lm-group@eawag.ch. One of the perpetual activities of the Specialist Group is to organise specialised biofi lm conferences. These themes of the conferences are alternating to cover (a) biofi lm processes and (b) biofi lm technologies. The most recently organised conference by the Biofi lms Specialist Group was dedicated to biofi lm processes and was held from 27 to 30 October 2011 in Shanghai, China. The website of the conference at www.iwabiofi lm2011.com specifi es the main topics of the conference: • methods and tools to study biofi lms; • extracellular polymeric substances; biofi lm structure and activity; • biofi lm microbiology and ecology; • mathematic modelling of biofi lm processes; • biofi lm technologies in water and wastewater treatment; • biofouling and biofi lm control. We also offered a workshop dedicated to aerobic granulated sludge, which is one of the most promised technologies based on the biofi lm-type microorganisms. To engage young researchers we had dedicated sessions run entirely by the Young Water Professionals. Terminology There is no commonly accepted defi nition of the term biofi lm. Although self-explanatory to biofi lm researchers, it is regarded as controversial by many in other fi elds of research. The most popular defi nition says that biofi lms are microorganisms attached to surfaces although some biofi lm researchers argue that biofi lms should be regarded as a mode of microbial growth, in the same manner as microbial growth in suspension is, rather than as physical structures formed by microorganisms attached to surfaces. The term biofi lm refers only to the microbial deposits on a surface imbedded in the matrix of extracellular polymers. The broader term, biofi lm system, includes other components affecting the biofi lm formation: • the surface to which the microorganisms are attached; • the biofi lm (the microorganisms and the matrix of extracellular polymers); • the solution of nutrients; • the gas phase (if present). Another term often used when referring to the attached microbial growth is biofouling (of surfaces). It is derived from the term fouling of surfaces, which refers to the process of contaminating surfaces with (usually) mineral deposits. In principle, the term refers to the same process as the term fouling does, but it emphasises the fact that the deposits on the fouled surfaces are composed of mineral substances mixed with living microorganisms and macro organisms and with extracellular polymers excreted by the microorganisms. The term biofouling deposits is sometimes considered an equivalent of the term biofi lms, particularly in industrial settings, where it is used to emphasise the presence of scaling deposits or corrosion products imbedded in the extracellular polymers excreted by the microorganisms attached to surfaces. When larger organisms accumulate on surfaces, as is common in marine environments for example, the term macrofouling is used. Existing Specialist Group knowledge Biofi lms are ubiquitous and develop on water-immersed surfaces whether we want them or not. Depending on the effect of the biofi lm – desirable or not – in engineered systems we try to control its development by either promoting
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