The Afrotropical Suids - IUCN

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4. The Afrotropical Suids (Phacochoerus, Hylochoerus, and Potamochoerus) 4.1 Taxonomy and Description P. Grubb 4.2 The Warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus and P. aethiopicus). P. Vercammen and D. R. Mason 4.3 The Forest Hog (Hylochoerus meinertzhageni) J.-P. d'Huart 4.4 The Bush Pigs (Potamochoerus larvatus and P. porcus) P. Vercammen, A. H. W. Seydack and W. L. R. Oliver 4.5 Review of Priorities for Conservation Action and Future Research on the Afrotropical Suids J.-P. d'Huart and W. L. R. Oliver 5. The Eurasian Suids (Sus and Babirusa) 5.1 Taxonomy and Description C. P. Groves and P. Grubb 5.2 The Eurasian Wild Pig (Sus scrofa) W. L. R. Oliver, I. L. Brisbin and S. Takahashi 5.3 The Pygmy Hog (Sus salvanius) W. L. R Oliver and S. Deb Roy 5.4 The Javan Warty Pig (Sus verrucosus) R. A. Blouch 5.5 The Bearded Pig (Sus barbatus) J. O. Caldecott, R. A. Blouch and A. A. Macdonald 5.6 The Philippine Warty Pigs (Sus philippensis and S. cebrifons) W. L. R. Oliver, C. R. Cox and C. P. Groves 5.7 The Sulawesi Warty Pig (Sus celebensis) A. A. Macdonald 5.8 The Babirusa (Babyrousa babyrussa) A. A. Macdonald 5.9 Origins of Domestication and the Pig Culture W. L. R. Oliver, C. P. Groves, C. R. Cox and R. A. Blouch 2
5.10 Introduced and feral Pigs, Problems, Policy and Priorities W. L. R. Oliver 5.11 Review of Priorities for Conservation Action and Future Research in South and Southeast Asia R. A. Blouch and W. L. R. Oliver Introduction The Old World pigs and their New World analogues, the peccaries, are important to people. Hippos are also important but, being (spectacularly) more specialized, much less so. Nonetheless, the arrival of human settlers on Madagascar is implicated in the extinction of up to three species of endemic hippopotamuses in the last one and a half millennia (Grubb, this vol., section 4.1). Elsewhere human exploitation of the suiformes dates back for tens of thousands of years. In many parts of the world, wild pigs have long constituted the most commonly eaten large animal. The earliest human remains (c. 40,000 yrs. BP) in the Niah Caves of Sarawak (Borneo) are associated with large numbers of bearded pig (S. barbatus) bones (Cranbrook, 1979), and recent studies of the economy of hunted species in this country have demonstrated that this species is still by far the most important game animal (Caldecott and Nyanoi, 1985). Pigs were also amongst the first species to be domesticated, and it is now certain that this happened in several different places and times with different (local) progenitors. Most of these progenitors were regional variants of the Eurasian wild pig (Sus scrofa) but, as Groves (1981) revealed, the Sulawesi warty pig (S. celebensis) has also been domesticated, and its purebred, hybrid and feral derivatives are still hunted and husbanded in various parts of South-east Asia and the Papuan Realm. In these regions, in particular, the economic importance of wild and domestic pigs led inevitably to their 3
Page 1: Introduction W. L. R. Oliver 1. The
Page 5 and 6: (81%) correspondents, with informat
Page 7 and 8: 1969; Grubb, this vol. a; Eltringha
Page 9 and 10: Caldecott, J. and Nyaoi, A. 1985. S
Page 11 and 12: generalizations, which indicate the
Page 13 and 14: The greatest radiation of pigs and
Page 15 and 16: Genus: Hexaprotodon (= Choeropsis)
Page 17 and 18: understanding of peccary phylogeny,
Page 19 and 20: 4) T. p. spiradens Goldman, 1912, C
Page 21 and 22: The collared peccary is the most ab
Page 23 and 24: Collared peccary densities decrease
Page 25 and 26: Llanos, Venezuela 8.0 Llanos Eisenb
Page 27 and 28: Corn, J. L. and Warren, R. J. 1985.
Page 29 and 30: contributed to its decline in many
Page 31 and 32: important area for this subspecies.
Page 33 and 34: xerophitic areas of the Chaco and i
Page 35 and 36: Conservation Measures Taken This sp
Page 37 and 38: Priority Projects: 1. Assess and mo
Page 39 and 40: Much of the basic information on th
Page 41 and 42: Olsen, S. J. 1982. An Osteology of
Page 43 and 44: also seem to be more adapted for br
Page 45 and 46: Of these, hunting pressure undoubte
Page 47 and 48: wild caught adult and juvenile anim
Page 49 and 50: 5. Develop effective wildlife servi
Page 51 and 52: Olrog, C. C., Ojeda, R. A. and Barq
Page 53 and 54:
These issues relate to the use of t
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and 1989, for example, 48% were exp
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peccaries hunted. Restrictions plac
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these products in these markets. Th
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Durham, W. H. (in press): Choice an
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Conservation Action Priorities A. C
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3. Monitor changes in the age struc
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This should be written in a simple
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the country. Whether it naturally o
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Faure, M. and Guerin, C. 1990. Hipp
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Former and Present Distribution In
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e numerous throughout its range. Th
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sizeable population. L. Tello's est
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Nigeria RD-LD D Y H F Kainji Lake N
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Conservation Status An examination
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and destroy it when possible. Such
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one or a few water bodies by day, t
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Barrett, J. 1991. Tanzania tinkles
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Former and Present Distribution The
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Threats to Survival The principal t
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This does not necessarily mean acco
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Chapter 3.4 Review of Priorities fo
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3. Monitor those populations, which
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members of these groups through gen
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Appropriate persons include biologi
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8. Re-investigate the taxonomy of t
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eyes, and cheek whiskers. The pinna
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would retain the name P. l. koiropo
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359 mm in one female, 356 and 368 m
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from the Sus-Potamochoerus form. Th
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3. Central African Warthog, Phacoch
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partly sympatric and ecologically s
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Priority Projects: 1. Undertake fur
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Groves, C. P. 1981. Ancestors for t
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Both currently proposed species are
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Reliable records of the historical
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units, which generally comprise one
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Captive Breeding Due to their stran
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Almost no recent data are available
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Dorst, J. and Dandelot, P. 1970. A
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Skead, C. J. 1987. Historical Mamma
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in litt.). The approximate former a
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Sounders, usually of 6-14 individua
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Bili-Uere H. m. meinertzhageni G.R.
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enforced, or not enforced at all. I
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4. Assess forest hog status in the
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Hubert, E. J. 1957. Souvenirs d'Afr
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Link to Fig. 9: Approximate former
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Population density estimates in the
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have yet to be critically examined
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Objectives: 1. To obtain a better u
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References Ansell, W. R. H. 1978. M
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Seydack, A. H. W. 1991. Monographie
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Objectives: 1. To continue efforts
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5. Promote the development of prope
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11. Collect distribution and popula
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means of mobile units, incorporatin
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10. Investigate the origins, system
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S. s. scrofa (northern low-skulled
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The relative development of these w
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6. The Visayan Warty Pig (S. cebifr
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Mudar, K. M. 1986. A morphometric a
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iukiuanus (Ryukyu Is., south Japan)
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100 have been reported (Prater, 197
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around Monticiano in Italy, has app
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eports of wild boars hybridizing wi
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Priority Projects: 1. Provide all a
Page 187 and 188:
Beuerle, W. 1975. Frielanduntersuch
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Prater, S. H. 1971): The Book of In
Page 191 and 192:
S. salvanius is a monotypic species
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All recent data indicate that this
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dispersal is possible, and a single
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Additional Remarks The pygmy hog is
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Manas is ideally suited for this pu
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Ranjitsinh, M. K. 1972. A note on t
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ecause of the difficulty of disting
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lax enforcement, most of the regula
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to crops. It is not, therefore, eit
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Acknowledgements Much of our curren
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the proposed action plan for this s
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The third subspecies, S. b. ahoenob
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• Large and expanding population
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In Peninsular Malaysia, the species
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far the most restricted range. Thes
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Banks, E. 1949. Bornean Mammals. Ku
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ahoenobarbus, in the the Calamian I
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view was later endorsed by Mudar (1
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Palawan are being rapidly depleted
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environmental protection issues. Wo
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S. philippensis largely disturbed o
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Priority Projects: 1. Promote and o
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At the present time there are small
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Oliver, W. L. R. 1992. The taxonomy
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thought to have hybridized with oth
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Additional Remarks S. celebensis is
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4. Promote the establishment of cap
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The Babirusa (Babyrousa babyrussa)
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2. B. b. togeanensis (Sody, 1949),
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Captive babirusa may become sexuall
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national parks or other wildlife re
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Conservation Measures Proposed An A
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References Anggawijaya, M. D. A., P
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Macdonald, A. A., Bell, J., Munro,
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Wind, J. 1984. Management plan 1984
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the feral pigs as a basic resource.
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Bawean and Buru, the skulls of wild
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can be a two-way process, with free
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nature of their utilisation by loca
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Medway, Lord 1973. The antiquity of
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Introduction Interactions with peop
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The European expansion into the Ind
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In these circumstances, their poten
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(Psidium spp.) and brambles (Rubus
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in the principal inhabited islands,
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pure-bred feral and/or domestic pop
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4. Ossabaw Island feral pig. Althou
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Juvik, J. O., Andrianarivo, A. J. a
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Chapter 5.11 Review of Priorities f
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• S. barbatus oi - status categor
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Although each situation is differen
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In the case of wild suids, there ar
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The Afrotropical Suids - IUCN

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