(Cr) Toxicity | ATSDR - CSEM - Agency for Toxic Substances and ...

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Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Chromium Toxicity Case Studies in Environmental Medicine (CSEM) Other Environmental Sources 2000]. Total chromium has been identified in 939 soil and 472 sediment samples collected from 1,036 National Priority Lists (NPL) hazardous waste sites [HazDat 2000]. Chromium waste slag containing potentially hazardous levels of Cr(VI) compounds was used as fill material at more than 160 residential, industrial, and recreational sites. Persons living or working in the vicinity of the sites may have been exposed through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with contaminated soils and dusts [Fagliano, Savrin et al. 1997]. Community exposure from this fill occurred in a variety of ways. Wind erosion of the soil could have made slag particles airborne, increasing the opportunity for inhalation of chromium. Chromium compounds leached by rainwater could have migrated through cracks in soil, asphalt roadways, and masonry walls, forming high-content chromium crystals on their surfaces. In soil and roadways, these particles might have been eroded by wind and foot traffic and carried as chromium-laden dust into homes and workplaces. Children playing in areas where the slag was used as fill might also have been exposed through skin contact with chromium-contaminated dust, dirt, and puddles and /or ingestion of contaminated soil. Other environmental sources of chromium are cement-producing plants (cement contains chromium), the wearing down of asbestos linings that contain chromium, emissions of chromium-based automotive catalytic converters, and tobacco smoke. The general population is exposed to chromium by eating food or food supplements, drinking water, and inhaling air that contain chromium. The mean daily dietary intake of chromium from air, water, and food is estimated to be
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Chromium Toxicity Case Studies in Environmental Medicine (CSEM) Occupational Sources Key Points Occupational sources of chromium include • anti-algae agents, • antifreeze, • cement , • chrome alloy production, • chrome electroplating (soluble Cr[VI]), • copier servicing, • glassmaking, • leather tanning (soluble Cr[III]), • paints/pigments (insoluble Cr[VI]), • photoengraving, • porcelain and ceramics manufacturing, • production of high-fidelity magnetic audio tapes, • tattooing, • textile manufacturing, • welding of alloys or steel, and • wood preservatives, i.e. Acid Copper Chromate. • Chromium is released to air primarily by combustion processes and metal industries. • Non-occupational sources of chromium include contaminated soil, air, water, smoking, and diet. Progress Check 2. What sources does chromium contamination result from? A. Stationary fuel combustion (residential, commercial, and industrial). B. Leaching from topsoil and rocks is the most important natural source of chromium entry into bodies of water. C. Releases to soil from metal processing facilities. D. All of the above. To review relevant content, see “Air Contamination,” “Water Contamination,” and “Soil Contamination” in this section. Page 15 of 67
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(Cr) Toxicity | ATSDR - CSEM - Agency for Toxic Substances and ...

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