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Utilidad del botón septal y nivel de satisfacción obtenido en los ...

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REVISTA DE OTORRINOLARINGOLOGÍA Y CIRUGÍA DE CABEZA Y CUELLO<br />

146<br />

INTRODUCCIÓN<br />

Las perforaciones <strong>septal</strong>es suel<strong>en</strong> ser <strong>en</strong> la<br />

mayoría <strong>de</strong> <strong>los</strong> casos asintomáticas. En aquellas<br />

situaciones <strong>en</strong> las que aparece sintomatología es<br />

cuando el paci<strong>en</strong>te acu<strong>de</strong> al especialista.<br />

La perforación <strong><strong>de</strong>l</strong> septum nasal afecta el funcionami<strong>en</strong>to<br />

<strong>de</strong> la nariz, al alterarse el flujo laminar, lo que<br />

provoca cambios <strong>en</strong> la corri<strong>en</strong>te <strong>de</strong> aire inspirado con<br />

disminución <strong>de</strong> la velocidad global <strong><strong>de</strong>l</strong> flujo aéreo 1-3 .<br />

Al manifestarse, pue<strong>de</strong>n pres<strong>en</strong>tar varios síntomas<br />

nasales. Los cinco síntomas más frecu<strong>en</strong>tes<br />

que el paci<strong>en</strong>te refiere son la obstrucción nasal, las<br />

sibilancias, las costras <strong>en</strong>donasales con sequedad,<br />

la epistaxis y la rinorrea. Pero también pue<strong>de</strong><br />

aparecer <strong>en</strong> m<strong>en</strong>or frecu<strong>en</strong>cia dolor, hiposmia,<br />

rinolalia, infecciones e incluso cacosmia.<br />

ABSTRACT<br />

Introduction: Most of the <strong>septal</strong> perforations are usually asymptomatic, although<br />

some may have a crusty rhinitis, nasal obstruction, recurr<strong>en</strong>t epistaxis or nasal wheeze.<br />

Its origin is mostly iatrog<strong>en</strong>ic or idiopathic but can also find other causes. Septal<br />

buttons are a useful solution for the simplicity of their placem<strong>en</strong>t, being of choice in<br />

pati<strong>en</strong>ts who do not want surgery more complex.<br />

Aim: Knowing the characteristics of <strong>septal</strong> perforations, in addition, a study on the<br />

results of <strong>septal</strong> button surgery and the level of satisfaction obtained by pati<strong>en</strong>ts after<br />

the interv<strong>en</strong>tion.<br />

Material and method: Retrospective analysis of 22 pati<strong>en</strong>ts with surgical <strong>septal</strong><br />

button surgical placem<strong>en</strong>t betwe<strong>en</strong> January 2008 to August 2010 at the Hospital Clinico<br />

Universitario Lozano Blesa from Zaragoza.<br />

The analysis inclu<strong>de</strong>s a study on the etiology, symptoms of such size and drilling<br />

candidates for the use of <strong>septal</strong> button. Besi<strong>de</strong>s the analysis of the pres<strong>en</strong>ce or abs<strong>en</strong>ce<br />

of complications after surgery, and postoperative improvem<strong>en</strong>t or wors<strong>en</strong>ingin the five<br />

main symptoms, stuffy, nose, wheezing, <strong>en</strong>donasal crust with dryness, epistaxis and<br />

rhinorrhea with three possible answers, same, better or worse. Three months after<br />

surgery in the office is conducting a survey with a visual analogue scale (VAS), in which<br />

the pati<strong>en</strong>t makes a subjective score of 1 to 10 to assess their level of satisfaction after<br />

the placem<strong>en</strong>t of the shutter. Finally asked if he would wear it. The results were analyzed<br />

with statistical tests giv<strong>en</strong> the small sample size.<br />

Results: Our pati<strong>en</strong>ts have experi<strong>en</strong>ced a significant improvem<strong>en</strong>t in symptoms<br />

such as nasal obstruction and wheezing. Nasal dryness has be<strong>en</strong> with worse clinical<br />

outcomes after placem<strong>en</strong>t of the button. Subjectively 77.2% of pati<strong>en</strong>ts would put him<br />

back.<br />

Conclusions: The <strong>septal</strong> buttons are a therapeutic tool to keep in mind for the<br />

c<strong>los</strong>ure of <strong>septal</strong> perforations with good results in pati<strong>en</strong>ts unsuitable for surgical<br />

correction.<br />

Key words: Nasal septum perforation, <strong>septal</strong> buttons, plugs, <strong>septal</strong>.<br />

La etiología pue<strong>de</strong> variar y se agrupa <strong>en</strong> diversos<br />

grupos:<br />

• Traumáticas/iatrogénicas. Septoplastías y septorrinoplastías,<br />

el rascado nasal, hematomas <strong>de</strong><br />

tabique postraumáticos, pericondritis <strong><strong>de</strong>l</strong> tabique,<br />

cirugía por poliposis nasosinusal, cauterización<br />

bilateral simultánea, taponami<strong>en</strong>tos<br />

bilaterales mediante sondas con balón y sondas<br />

nasogástricas o nasotraqueales.<br />

• Tóxicas. Principalm<strong>en</strong>te la cocaína pero también<br />

otros irritantes inhalados como ácido<br />

crómico, ácido sulfúrico, carbonato <strong>de</strong> sodio,<br />

nitrato <strong>de</strong> calcio, arsénico, mercurio y fósforo.<br />

• Productos tópicos nasales. Vasoconstrictores<br />

y <strong>en</strong> m<strong>en</strong>or medida corticoi<strong>de</strong>s locales 2,3 .<br />

• Infecciosas. Bacterianas: sífilis, difteria, leishmania<br />

y fiebre tifoi<strong>de</strong>a, o micóticas: aspergilo-

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