Utilidad del botón septal y nivel de satisfacción obtenido en los ...
Utilidad del botón septal y nivel de satisfacción obtenido en los ...
Utilidad del botón septal y nivel de satisfacción obtenido en los ...
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REVISTA DE OTORRINOLARINGOLOGÍA Y CIRUGÍA DE CABEZA Y CUELLO<br />
146<br />
INTRODUCCIÓN<br />
Las perforaciones <strong>septal</strong>es suel<strong>en</strong> ser <strong>en</strong> la<br />
mayoría <strong>de</strong> <strong>los</strong> casos asintomáticas. En aquellas<br />
situaciones <strong>en</strong> las que aparece sintomatología es<br />
cuando el paci<strong>en</strong>te acu<strong>de</strong> al especialista.<br />
La perforación <strong><strong>de</strong>l</strong> septum nasal afecta el funcionami<strong>en</strong>to<br />
<strong>de</strong> la nariz, al alterarse el flujo laminar, lo que<br />
provoca cambios <strong>en</strong> la corri<strong>en</strong>te <strong>de</strong> aire inspirado con<br />
disminución <strong>de</strong> la velocidad global <strong><strong>de</strong>l</strong> flujo aéreo 1-3 .<br />
Al manifestarse, pue<strong>de</strong>n pres<strong>en</strong>tar varios síntomas<br />
nasales. Los cinco síntomas más frecu<strong>en</strong>tes<br />
que el paci<strong>en</strong>te refiere son la obstrucción nasal, las<br />
sibilancias, las costras <strong>en</strong>donasales con sequedad,<br />
la epistaxis y la rinorrea. Pero también pue<strong>de</strong><br />
aparecer <strong>en</strong> m<strong>en</strong>or frecu<strong>en</strong>cia dolor, hiposmia,<br />
rinolalia, infecciones e incluso cacosmia.<br />
ABSTRACT<br />
Introduction: Most of the <strong>septal</strong> perforations are usually asymptomatic, although<br />
some may have a crusty rhinitis, nasal obstruction, recurr<strong>en</strong>t epistaxis or nasal wheeze.<br />
Its origin is mostly iatrog<strong>en</strong>ic or idiopathic but can also find other causes. Septal<br />
buttons are a useful solution for the simplicity of their placem<strong>en</strong>t, being of choice in<br />
pati<strong>en</strong>ts who do not want surgery more complex.<br />
Aim: Knowing the characteristics of <strong>septal</strong> perforations, in addition, a study on the<br />
results of <strong>septal</strong> button surgery and the level of satisfaction obtained by pati<strong>en</strong>ts after<br />
the interv<strong>en</strong>tion.<br />
Material and method: Retrospective analysis of 22 pati<strong>en</strong>ts with surgical <strong>septal</strong><br />
button surgical placem<strong>en</strong>t betwe<strong>en</strong> January 2008 to August 2010 at the Hospital Clinico<br />
Universitario Lozano Blesa from Zaragoza.<br />
The analysis inclu<strong>de</strong>s a study on the etiology, symptoms of such size and drilling<br />
candidates for the use of <strong>septal</strong> button. Besi<strong>de</strong>s the analysis of the pres<strong>en</strong>ce or abs<strong>en</strong>ce<br />
of complications after surgery, and postoperative improvem<strong>en</strong>t or wors<strong>en</strong>ingin the five<br />
main symptoms, stuffy, nose, wheezing, <strong>en</strong>donasal crust with dryness, epistaxis and<br />
rhinorrhea with three possible answers, same, better or worse. Three months after<br />
surgery in the office is conducting a survey with a visual analogue scale (VAS), in which<br />
the pati<strong>en</strong>t makes a subjective score of 1 to 10 to assess their level of satisfaction after<br />
the placem<strong>en</strong>t of the shutter. Finally asked if he would wear it. The results were analyzed<br />
with statistical tests giv<strong>en</strong> the small sample size.<br />
Results: Our pati<strong>en</strong>ts have experi<strong>en</strong>ced a significant improvem<strong>en</strong>t in symptoms<br />
such as nasal obstruction and wheezing. Nasal dryness has be<strong>en</strong> with worse clinical<br />
outcomes after placem<strong>en</strong>t of the button. Subjectively 77.2% of pati<strong>en</strong>ts would put him<br />
back.<br />
Conclusions: The <strong>septal</strong> buttons are a therapeutic tool to keep in mind for the<br />
c<strong>los</strong>ure of <strong>septal</strong> perforations with good results in pati<strong>en</strong>ts unsuitable for surgical<br />
correction.<br />
Key words: Nasal septum perforation, <strong>septal</strong> buttons, plugs, <strong>septal</strong>.<br />
La etiología pue<strong>de</strong> variar y se agrupa <strong>en</strong> diversos<br />
grupos:<br />
• Traumáticas/iatrogénicas. Septoplastías y septorrinoplastías,<br />
el rascado nasal, hematomas <strong>de</strong><br />
tabique postraumáticos, pericondritis <strong><strong>de</strong>l</strong> tabique,<br />
cirugía por poliposis nasosinusal, cauterización<br />
bilateral simultánea, taponami<strong>en</strong>tos<br />
bilaterales mediante sondas con balón y sondas<br />
nasogástricas o nasotraqueales.<br />
• Tóxicas. Principalm<strong>en</strong>te la cocaína pero también<br />
otros irritantes inhalados como ácido<br />
crómico, ácido sulfúrico, carbonato <strong>de</strong> sodio,<br />
nitrato <strong>de</strong> calcio, arsénico, mercurio y fósforo.<br />
• Productos tópicos nasales. Vasoconstrictores<br />
y <strong>en</strong> m<strong>en</strong>or medida corticoi<strong>de</strong>s locales 2,3 .<br />
• Infecciosas. Bacterianas: sífilis, difteria, leishmania<br />
y fiebre tifoi<strong>de</strong>a, o micóticas: aspergilo-