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Incidencia y tratamiento de las cardiopatías ... - SciELO - Infomed

Incidencia y tratamiento de las cardiopatías ... - SciELO - Infomed

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Revista Cubana <strong>de</strong> Medicina General Integral. 2012;28(3): 220-234para mejorar la calidad <strong>de</strong> la atención médica.Conclusiones: <strong>las</strong> <strong>cardiopatías</strong> congénitas mostraron una alta inci<strong>de</strong>ncia en nuestroestudio en la etapa prenatal y postnatal. Las <strong>cardiopatías</strong> complejas constituyeronaproximadamente más <strong>de</strong> la mitad <strong>de</strong> los diagnósticos ecográficos antes <strong>de</strong>lnacimiento, en comparación con <strong>las</strong> <strong>de</strong>tectadas posterior a este, y <strong>las</strong> más frecuentesfueron: la comunicación interventricular, interauricular y la coinci<strong>de</strong>ncia <strong>de</strong> ambas. E<strong>las</strong>esoramiento genético fue <strong>de</strong> relevante importancia para la comprensión y la toma<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>cisiones <strong>de</strong> <strong>las</strong> familias.Palabras clave: <strong>cardiopatías</strong> congénitas, diagnóstico prenatal y postnatal yasesoramiento genético.ABSTRACTIntroduction: Nowadays, cardiovascular birth <strong>de</strong>fects are often the cause of <strong>de</strong>ath inthe first years of life, and the <strong>de</strong>tection of these in the fetal stage, provi<strong>de</strong>sprospective parents, the knowledge that enables them to make a <strong>de</strong>cision, regardingwhether to continue pregnancy.Objective: To analyze inci<strong>de</strong>nce and treatment of congenital heart disease in themunicipality of San Miguel <strong>de</strong>l Padrón, from January 2007 to December 2010.Methods: We carried out a <strong>de</strong>scriptive study on the prenatal and postnatal diagnosisof congenital heart disease in the municipality of San Miguel <strong>de</strong>l Padrón, from 1stJanuary 2007 to December 31st, 2010. We <strong>de</strong>tected a total of 65 congenital heartdiseases. Mothers and relatives of 59 cases had a survey of since they were living inthis territory. This survey aimed to link etiology with genetic risk factors an<strong>de</strong>nvironmental factors. In addition, we investigated the individual judgment about thegenetic management by the service as well as satisfaction and usefulness of geneticcounseling.Results: This research <strong>de</strong>monstrated once again that congenital heart diseaseremains within the leading causes of infant mortality. Its inci<strong>de</strong>nce in the followingstudy was due to environmental factors of maternal origin, among which highlightedthe use of teratogens, mainly alcohol and the lack of vitamins and minerals. Thereceived genetic counseling was a great help for 54 (91 %) families, which consi<strong>de</strong>rednecessary this expertise to improve the quality of care.Conclusions: Congenital heart disease showed a high inci<strong>de</strong>nce in our study in theprenatal and postnatal care. Complex heart diseases accounted for approximatelyover half of the diagnostic ultrasound before birth, compared to those <strong>de</strong>tectedafterwards. The most frequent were: ventricular septal <strong>de</strong>fect, ASD and thecoinci<strong>de</strong>nce of both. Genetic counseling was relevant for un<strong>de</strong>rstanding and <strong>de</strong>cisionmaking of families.Key words: congenital heart disease, prenatal and postnatal diagnosis, geneticsadvising.INTRODUCCIÓNLas malformaciones congénitas constituyen en la actualidad, una <strong>de</strong> <strong>las</strong> causas quecon mayor frecuencia inci<strong>de</strong>n en la mortalidad infantil, aproximadamente el 2 % <strong>de</strong>los recién nacidos, presentan una malformación congénita mayor, la inci<strong>de</strong>ncia seeleva hasta 5 %, cuando se incluyen aquel<strong>las</strong> <strong>de</strong>tectadas en eda<strong>de</strong>s posteriores alnacimiento, tales como: <strong>las</strong> cardiacas, renales y digestivas. 1-3http://scielo.sld.cu221

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