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n,uIo oricinal: L'",,~<<strong>br</strong> />
n U";"'l:. S%S98 '71001<<strong>br</strong> />
DiotriJuidor no Brasil: LTVRARIA MARTJ:\'S fO,\lTES<<strong>br</strong> />
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PREFAcIO<<strong>br</strong> />
o q"" 6 GI aN61~ lU COIlleWdo act~tllt U """"<<strong>br</strong> />
ik>tto tk iJglnllftAt08 'lMtodológirof cod4 "~.=- .....w /ltu<<strong>br</strong> />
em con.n.mllll aperflliÇOOflV1lto, qlUl « apliCCJln li .dí.lcllr<<strong>br</strong> />
.m. (COIlt....dOI' li COlltille7ltu) utn~1I di~..:rftfit:a<<strong>br</strong> />
11M. O lactor tooIUl1II ck.ru técllicu _.utiplo.Y e -.I1i<<strong>br</strong> />
7'liazdlI - rIu<strong>de</strong> o CIÍlcIllo lU /~ tl"Ut/godor pqr ui", ~-pelo<<strong>br</strong> />
~ãdo,o i&tl!'lltll, o IlOfo.Gparextll, o pot~ <strong>de</strong> Utld'ito<<strong>br</strong> />
(do JIIio.ditoj, rrlido por qw.alqIIer __g
trollgi_llto por ela ;mpwto <strong>de</strong> aloIlgar o tempo <strong>de</strong> lat&<<strong>br</strong> />
ciII ellfre
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EXPOSIÇÃO HISTÓRICA<<strong>br</strong> />
·CoDteln ......~ _l>qiD<<strong>br</strong> />
-.e ln'd'r' wl -... ot _<<strong>br</strong> />
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~ u:>n
Anue: <strong>de</strong> u&liur ai <strong>com</strong>uniC&ÇÕellllegundo U ~Ieu<<strong>br</strong> />
mo<strong>de</strong>rou do .-kuIo dnte tornadas operaclOJl&is pe1u<<strong>br</strong> />
ciêQciu bumo"", 011 terto!I já eram abord&doll <strong>de</strong> dhoersu<<strong>br</strong> />
fonnu. A bc~~utlaL, a arte <strong>de</strong> Intcrpretar 011 textos<<strong>br</strong> />
sagradooJ OU mistuioso& é uma prática milito antlp.. O que<<strong>br</strong> />
é pusI~'l!1 <strong>de</strong> I.nteTpn~!lfensagens oblIe1uu que ai<<strong>br</strong> />
~~ ~ IDterpretação, mezmagenll <strong>com</strong> um duplo Krltido<<strong>br</strong> />
Cl;IJI. algDlficaçio pn>lwda (a que Importa aqui) ~ ~<<strong>br</strong> />
SIl1Jir <strong>de</strong>poia <strong>de</strong> uma observ;a~cuidarla ou <strong>de</strong> uma intuição<<strong>br</strong> />
em.m&tia.<<strong>br</strong> />
Por <strong>de</strong>l.ri.a do dlseur.oo a~nte g1'rtlmente timbólit:O<<strong>br</strong> />
e pol~ico escoa<strong>de</strong>-.. wn .entido que eonvem <strong>de</strong>sYendar.<<strong>br</strong> />
A tntefllrcta~ eo. !IOnhos. an~ ou mo<strong>de</strong>rna. •<<strong>br</strong> />
enr- 1"l!llgtoea (em sl'ft'l&l a do. B'bli&) • U:p~<<strong>br</strong> />
~~ <strong>de</strong> certol texto. literário8, até me.mo, <strong>de</strong> prUicu<<strong>br</strong> />
tão diterenta eomo a atroJogia ou • pliea.ni1i8e ",levam<<strong>br</strong> />
<strong>de</strong> um pro: 10 bermenéutioo. TaInbém • mÓI'iCII e a<<strong>br</strong> />
lógioo do <strong>de</strong> &grQ~r :lU pril:ica.!'l <strong>de</strong> obeerntão <strong>de</strong> Um<<strong>br</strong> />
di3cuno, priUeu estM. antcriorc~ ii. anili8e <strong>de</strong> eooteUdo.<<strong>br</strong> />
A primeira _tudava as moda.!idad"" <strong>de</strong> c:o;pAllSio maia<<strong>br</strong> />
propicias .. <strong>de</strong>clanw;l.o persua.,;va, ... segunda Wll&\'3<<strong>br</strong> />
<strong>de</strong>terminar, pela anliU,. dO!! enunciad"" <strong>de</strong> um dl$cuno<<strong>br</strong> />
e do !leU enca<strong>de</strong>amento, "'" regras fonnaia do raeloclnlo<<strong>br</strong> />
certo.<<strong>br</strong> />
A atitu<strong>de</strong> interp1"l!Utiv... continua em parte • existir<<strong>br</strong> />
na IInâlJltIe <strong>de</strong> conteúdo ma.'! é sustida por proeeMoB t4c.<<strong>br</strong> />
niCOll <strong>de</strong> vell<strong>de</strong>~ão. Ce1'tool estudos ",,"cmelhll.vllJI1'.ll pelo<<strong>br</strong> />
~eu o.bjecto à retórica (a. progadanda., por exemplo), ou<<strong>br</strong> />
a. loglro pelo ~eu procedimento (por exemplo, a anlJl.sc <strong>de</strong><<strong>br</strong> />
um <strong>de</strong>sen~oolvlmentonormativo e da,s SUD.$ regrD.$ <strong>de</strong> enU!1.<<strong>br</strong> />
d ..çi.o), ou até mesmo pelo seu objectivo (a aniliee <strong>de</strong><<strong>br</strong> />
-lo ('), nem doutrln..1nem norma.<<strong>br</strong> />
tiva],<<strong>br</strong> />
Para além <strong>de</strong>stas lIWleiras <strong>de</strong> ..bordar 0lJ textoa c:uj&<<strong>br</strong> />
tradlçlo é longlnqua, a pl'OlCWio l1iJ
Tr$.ta·se <strong>de</strong> ~rever oomportam""to ""qlUlnlo relIpolIta<<strong>br</strong> />
a um estimulo. COm um máximo <strong>de</strong> r1~r e elentlflelda<strong>de</strong>.<<strong>br</strong> />
Tlll eomo & IOCIoIogia apóll Durk",im, a psicologia distancia_<<strong>br</strong> />
race ao 8eu objecto <strong>de</strong> eostudo. O llIUICimellto da<<strong>br</strong> />
a.náliac <strong>de</strong> coot.eíldo ~rorlm da mesma exigência qUtl "<<strong>br</strong> />
maniCe:Ua Igualmente na IinguiBtica. !.lU a linguística "<<strong>br</strong> />
.. anA.ll8e <strong>de</strong> cooUúdo ignoram-
p"'Míonial:a.•. Estas cartas, em número <strong>de</strong> 167, aio materiaÍ!l<<strong>br</strong> />
<strong>de</strong> elei.ia para 01 psico-soeiólogos, já que, analisadas<<strong>br</strong> />
em 1M2 por Baldwin ('), vêm também a interessar a<<strong>br</strong> />
Allport (que ... publie& em 19-16 (l(lmo um cuo <strong>de</strong> particular<<strong>br</strong> />
intel'uM para o estudo da peraonalida<strong>de</strong>) e a J. M.<<strong>br</strong> />
Palge, que u utlUu <strong>de</strong> DaVa em 1966 (') para renovar o<<strong>br</strong> />
estudo do seu a.nteeeMor, "••ndo u novu po&IIlblllda<strong>de</strong>a<<strong>br</strong> />
que o or<strong>de</strong>nador oferece. A análise <strong>de</strong> Baldwin apresen_<<strong>br</strong> />
ta...... eolnO uma «a.n.álille da estrIitur& da pe1"SOD4lida<strong>de</strong>.<<strong>br</strong> />
(personlll 8'tnoctrm. snalym), tendo por objeetlvo funcionar<<strong>br</strong> />
eomo um eQOrnponento da perspicácia mm ou<<strong>br</strong> />
menos <strong>br</strong>llhante do cll.n,oo•. Ou, <strong>com</strong>o d.1.I &ind& Ba.ldv.'UI,<<strong>br</strong> />
cllIl'\& técnica que ofereoe uma ..,..nação e uma análise que<<strong>br</strong> />
terão • vtrlu<strong>de</strong> da o":ljeetlvlda<strong>de</strong> oe J'e\.oeJario também os<<strong>br</strong> />
upectolJ do material que po<strong>de</strong>riam ter ~pado &O eume<<strong>br</strong> />
mlnuclc.o do cllnlco•. Entnl a t6tl1C$ eok>eada na necessid&<strong>de</strong><<strong>br</strong> />
<strong>de</strong> objectlvldad3 e u medidas <strong>de</strong> wrifleação que<<strong>br</strong> />
IlI!IIte período do geni8, a técD.lca empregue por Ba.ldwin<<strong>br</strong> />
para incrementar a <strong>com</strong>preeuaio <strong>de</strong> um cuo nl!lU'Ótlc:o<<strong>br</strong> />
constitlli uma du ~irv ~ntati..... <strong>de</strong> dO"l.. <strong>de</strong> 1:OiD,<<strong>br</strong> />
tingênciu (ou anil.. <strong>de</strong> eo«vilêudas. isto 6, das umciaçõrs<<strong>br</strong> />
_ duu ou lUi.I pt.Ja1'TU ou t.elllU - ou aclu5Ôell<<strong>br</strong> />
pn:lIenUs DO material <strong>de</strong> anau.t). A oooúiJrgeoacy aMl~<<strong>br</strong> />
lIeI'i <strong>de</strong>!JeI1volvlda por Osgood uma qui.tlzlena <strong>de</strong> aooa mair;<<strong>br</strong> />
tar<strong>de</strong> e ~"llRd' em seguida. graçu b polI!Iibllida<strong>de</strong>a<<strong>br</strong> />
ampllldu pelo UIO do or<strong>de</strong>nador.<<strong>br</strong> />
Do ponto <strong>de</strong> vina llletodol6gko. O l'1.llal. do- aJlOII ro-:lO<<strong>br</strong> />
.. BD<strong>br</strong>etudo, mucado pelu rqru <strong>de</strong> .nU!.... eI&bond.u<<strong>br</strong> />
por B. ~.... (·1••""W,do por P. ~eld.A c:éle<strong>br</strong>e<<strong>br</strong> />
dcliniçio <strong>de</strong> -.nilile <strong>de</strong> conteúdo, que Berebcm di entào,<<strong>br</strong> />
raume bQtante bem u PreocllpaÇÕlell epistemológic:u<<strong>br</strong> />
<strong>de</strong>ste perlodo:<<strong>br</strong> />
,<<strong>br</strong> />
Na verda<strong>de</strong>, esta. concepçii.o e u condlçóell multo nOr·<<strong>br</strong> />
matlvu e limitatlvu <strong>de</strong> tunclonamento da. aniUse <strong>de</strong><<strong>br</strong> />
eonuúdo, toram <strong>com</strong>pletadas, JlOIItll3 em questlo e ampliB_<<strong>br</strong> />
du pelOll trabalhe. post.erlol'M dOll ana!btu a..mcrieanOll.<<strong>br</strong> />
No entanto. em Prança, afigura_se que até uma data extremamente<<strong>br</strong> />
n'C6lte (1973-1914), III! eontillUOU a obe<strong>de</strong>ecr <strong>de</strong><<strong>br</strong> />
UII\& naneira rigida ao mo<strong>de</strong>lo bereiaolliano. Para llOlI convene
,<<strong>br</strong> />
IlUmel'O <strong>de</strong> Invefltiglldores <strong>de</strong>lliludidQll (Berelson, Janis,<<strong>br</strong> />
t...awell, Leite&, Lemer, Pool) parecem abandotlllr .. partida.<<strong>br</strong> />
O próprio Bereblm chega i. COI:lcluaá.o <strong>de</strong>sencantada:<<strong>br</strong> />
lMtodo, n&o ~ quall
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do principio do tQculQ), antes se tomando oon$C!@neia <strong>de</strong><<strong>br</strong> />
que .. lua função ou (I seu objectivo ~ .. ;n/tIf'fnc;l}.. Que<<strong>br</strong> />
esta. inferência H realize tendo por bue indlca.dorell <strong>de</strong><<strong>br</strong> />
frequência, ou, eadI. w:z mais 3.5lliduarncute. <strong>com</strong> .. ajuda<<strong>br</strong> />
<strong>de</strong> illdieado~<strong>com</strong>biJwioll (d. anilise das CO«011&tclul,<<strong>br</strong> />
toma« (l()IISellllcl& ~ que, a part~ doi remltadoll da<<strong>br</strong> />
.n'u.... H ~ ~ is causu, 0\1 até ~ ...<<strong>br</strong> />
efeito» du eancteristieL!l das <strong>com</strong>unlcaçQes.<<strong>br</strong> />
Se fUlerm.. o pom.:o da lrituaçio na. liDais dolI __<<strong>br</strong> />
cinquenta, apel"Oebemo-lIOIl <strong>de</strong> que, quLDtitatlvamente. a<<strong>br</strong> />
UIi1lM <strong>de</strong> eonteiJdo progrediu RgUIldo uma razio geométrIea.<<strong>br</strong> />
A i&ftlr do critklo numérico <strong>de</strong> mudos por NlO,<<strong>br</strong> />
CDl&tata... qUI a omJIuçlo se p"C" da Rg\Iinte ma·<<strong>br</strong> />
Delra: 2,S estudoll por UKI em m~ entre 1900 e 1920. 13.3<<strong>br</strong> />
entre 1920 e 1930. 22,8 entre 1.930 e IlHO. ol3,3 entre llHO<<strong>br</strong> />
e 1900, maW <strong>de</strong> cem C$hIdm porano entre 19C1O e 1980 ("l.<<strong>br</strong> />
De 1960 .~ boje, tr& fenómenOll primordiail &fcetam<<strong>br</strong> />
a iD.\~tig&çio e .. prática da a.ntlise <strong>de</strong> conleúdo. O pri·<<strong>br</strong> />
melro é (I recurso ao or<strong>de</strong>nador; (I ""gundo (I lnte~ pelOlJ<<strong>br</strong> />
.atudOll rt'lIpeltantc8 i oomunica.çAo nlo verbal e (l terceiro<<strong>br</strong> />
é a inviabilida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> p:recisio dOll trabalhOll llngulatiCO$,<<strong>br</strong> />
O primeiro «cére<strong>br</strong>o electr6nico~ D!UletU em 1944: em<<strong>br</strong> />
1960 aurjl'e «li segun
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Enquanto surge" .....=lta
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DEFINlÇÃO E RELAÇÃO<<strong>br</strong> />
CQ.\f AS OUTRAS m..'l'a.A5<<strong>br</strong> />
So\I tn\"eStigador -»10(0 e o meu tnb..Ibo via. <strong>de</strong>terminar<<strong>br</strong> />
lo lDflukleia eultunJ du eomUII~<strong>de</strong> massa na<<strong>br</strong> />
DQ!!i& ~.d· Sou J*ootel'$peuu, to ptaria <strong>de</strong> conopn!eD<strong>de</strong>r<<strong>br</strong> />
o que u I*1avru 00. JDe\U; cellentell~-os seubaIbúclos,<<strong>br</strong> />
sUmclo-, re~ ou I&~ - do 1UtlCeptíT1!is<<strong>br</strong> />
<strong>de</strong> revelar DO Mil euno pan. lima .uperaçlodu !lU....<<strong>br</strong> />
aDgÚstiU ou lllJ "ft Sou blatortador e <strong>de</strong>llejar\& ~<<strong>br</strong> />
belecer, bue&ndo-me nu eanu enviad&ll i. h.lnilia ante.<<strong>br</strong> />
da c:atáatroIe, .. rulo pela qual <strong>de</strong>terminado t.Whio se<<strong>br</strong> />
<strong>de</strong>ixl>u. m'n'rnr, quando da Primein Guern Mundial.<<strong>br</strong> />
Sou psieólogo e goatari& <strong>de</strong> InlliAr .. cnlnNtu que<<strong>br</strong> />
efeetuei <strong>com</strong> ai.ançu <strong>de</strong> uma tunD& pan. aVlliar o lIell<<strong>br</strong> />
grau <strong>de</strong> adaptação. Elstudo liten.tu.... e ao <strong>de</strong>tmuçar-me<<strong>br</strong> />
.00", .. o<strong>br</strong>a <strong>de</strong> Bau<strong>de</strong>"'ire, tento <strong>de</strong>lilleu, atr.vés das<<strong>br</strong> />
lfktnq do< Mal, <strong>de</strong> potmU em prQ8t. e llOtU lntbnutmcontn.du,<<strong>br</strong> />
.. estnltura temitlcs do ali lmaglnlrio. Sou politico<<strong>br</strong> />
e
,<<strong>br</strong> />
doa callOlI e para muitos outros,:uI cienci~ bumana&_O!~.<<strong>br</strong> />
reeem um Instrumento: a amiliu <strong>de</strong> COllte'/ido <strong>de</strong> <strong>com</strong>unlcães.<<strong>br</strong> />
Esta t"""'lra. ollJllelbor, ""tas 1.écW.* ("t-imI1!l~<<strong>br</strong> />
um trabalho fIPoustlvo eom "" suas divisôell, d.leulos e<<strong>br</strong> />
apcrfciçOarnéiilOS in~lelI do mitMir.<<strong>br</strong> />
Porqd entio este C'a.balho <strong>de</strong> Pen~ope,diria o fUóeofo<<strong>br</strong> />
que n.lo se ineouwda c:llI' tais ÍIUItrumenl.OS, 011 o profano<<strong>br</strong> />
que a. dCllOOllheoe! ~ue est......p&Cicnlca ro<strong>de</strong>iQl;~,<<strong>br</strong> />
estu eoumeT'f,ÇÕeS <strong>de</strong> uma precisão minuciosa IMelltell 110<<strong>br</strong> />
estado &etua1 do pNgI so cWI tê. _ .n,.,•. SoI:em_ llJ6B, .... n. doflMm • ...u. ""<<strong>br</strong> />
_ ........ "'" coooJta'" .-.-.. di ti
qual for a natu~ZiL do !leU 8uporle (do tam·tam à ima·<<strong>br</strong> />
gem, tendo evi<strong>de</strong>ntemente <strong>com</strong>o ten-er>o <strong>de</strong> elt!içi.o O código<<strong>br</strong> />
l.1Dgulatl.oo) poBlIul duo..5 f~ qlle na pritlea podtm<<strong>br</strong> />
011 D.lo dlSllOCIar«:<<strong>br</strong> />
Na pritlca. .. ~~ da análise <strong>de</strong> OOIltaWo<<strong>br</strong> />
po<strong>de</strong>m eoaisttr da maneira romplementu. Tal produz..se,<<strong>br</strong> />
sotlfttudo, quando O analW.a. lIe <strong>de</strong>dica a um dominio da<<strong>br</strong> />
Inveatlgaçlo, ou a um tipo <strong>de</strong> men8ageDll pouco exe:adu,<<strong>br</strong> />
on<strong>de</strong> faltam ao meJllllo tempo a problemátlea. <strong>de</strong> e ..<<strong>br</strong> />
técDleu a utilUar. Neste
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participação que el& pe<strong>de</strong> ter tido nesse lllomento•• !A medida.<<strong>br</strong> />
do gTaU <strong>de</strong> impli. -.pUl'" l!'aI&UIt8, .....<<strong>br</strong> />
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taçào à evocação <strong>de</strong> recordações). O ln~l'8O, é objecto que<<strong>br</strong> />
engendra II. paaividadc, li. esterilida<strong>de</strong>. A penOflOli.ta(do<<strong>br</strong> />
tradu .. maneira eomo o individun se reconhece no objecto,<<strong>br</strong> />
M I<strong>de</strong>ntifica. <strong>com</strong> ele. ou, pelo contrário, o lente <strong>com</strong>o um<<strong>br</strong> />
estranho.<<strong>br</strong> />
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alto .-., do m• ....-vlr ,..." doA ooltl DOm _ prll>tt. ""," rTeoo-.... mu...........'e potqu' lOrTw • edor.1çlo _ obj«:too; poIo OOlIlrU1o. ,.,...Inmto<<strong>br</strong> />
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IV<<strong>br</strong> />
ANAlISE DE COMUNICAçOES DE M.....SSA:<<strong>br</strong> />
O HORÓSCOPO DE UMA REVISTA<<strong>br</strong> />
.<<strong>br</strong> />
díaoD. O que é que lIe po<strong>de</strong> ler ou revelar .travi. d5t.a.s<<strong>br</strong> />
pseudo prediç6ea CI\K', <strong>de</strong> fado, nlo emlnam gran<strong>de</strong> coisa<<strong>br</strong> />
ao leitor so~ o lIeIl. futuro, DlU têm 0Iltn.. tuneões!:Em<<strong>br</strong> />
que é que, Dea1e u:emplo~, .. tkniç.. <strong>de</strong> .n.ilise <strong>de</strong><<strong>br</strong> />
eouteúdo po<strong>de</strong>rio .er úte~. pela cIalIlIitie:atlo <strong>de</strong> ItemI <strong>de</strong><<strong>br</strong> />
lII!IItido ou <strong>de</strong> unI~ doe vocabulário! O cteno. em questio<<strong>br</strong> />
p
I. O JOC'.o CAS HIP e coodicional)<<strong>br</strong> />
e motiWJIte ou Implicante é (ceotrada uniamente<<strong>br</strong> />
no lPljeito leitot').<<strong>br</strong> />
Por ~uéneia, • ~lIt;/iotIgão ! fat:WtadI. para o<<strong>br</strong> />
leitor. 'finto maLa que à poIl1semla. voluntária do discunJo,<<strong>br</strong> />
se junta o elogio do l'IOI'"drinIo. Tudo DO texto gira em<<strong>br</strong> />
n:dor do wjelto tom&do <strong>br</strong>uscamente her6i. O hor6sc:opo é<<strong>br</strong> />
um espelho. Um upelho <strong>de</strong>formador, viIt.o que não reflecte<<strong>br</strong> />
o sujeito, mal 11m um mo<strong>de</strong>lo I<strong>de</strong>al (e nonnativo). O leitor<<strong>br</strong> />
não sabe que ele ! <strong>de</strong>formador: olha-o e creoonh.......... Um<<strong>br</strong> />
digeunIo """'elhantc fa~ • intrQlpec:ç1o e 1:ODll.w: ao<<strong>br</strong> />
eu.me <strong>de</strong> consciência, 011, pelo~a fuer o ponto da<<strong>br</strong> />
litu1Çlo.<<strong>br</strong> />
Facilita a aulo-aoili... (") _troliurlldo o lalgúho da<<strong>br</strong> />
introolpec:çi.o 1Kl1itária. 0\1 o:ana.l!mll6o-& para. I.cção, .\n.<<strong>br</strong> />
vés da flm..;io do eaforço.<<strong>br</strong> />
B) A ICgIUlda bipótelle ...ri, portanto,. <strong>de</strong> que o borúJcopo<<strong>br</strong> />
t.... ~ MM t'a/or predlClUia:l do qw _"'" fvaçiio<<strong>br</strong> />
fÚ: ""park llOONl.<<strong>br</strong> />
Mu esta certeza não é dlreeta, ela pus&. pelo próprio<<strong>br</strong> />
sujeito, o qual tem um papel • õuempenhar. Da.qui a terceuelbi;:;:::~l_te,o<<strong>br</strong> />
1IorÔftlopo lião I o Tritoo do latolinIo<<strong>br</strong> />
Nto que tlldo li repoMo 1141 lII6lM do ""ÓP' io "..<<strong>br</strong> />
jeito... Este po<strong>de</strong> .Un;ir" teUcida<strong>de</strong>, 110 COIId~ <strong>de</strong> relIlizar<<strong>br</strong> />
o que pcr7lI tal for M'ct'HOfrio.<<strong>br</strong> />
Contudo, ..través do boft.eeopo, o IUjelto dispUe <strong>de</strong> um<<strong>br</strong> />
guia. espkie <strong>de</strong> dInctor <strong>de</strong> eoD8dência indicando, aob a<<strong>br</strong> />
forma <strong>de</strong> COJI«Du» • <strong>de</strong> implmlti~_pl'l'Cw.:., o modo <strong>de</strong><<strong>br</strong> />
""'P"'glI da semana vindoura.<<strong>br</strong> />
C-) o:-- '''n-Io R. ~l'l'lt, fton Izurta:It.... 1zI1~<<strong>br</strong> />
p .........<<strong>br</strong> />
"<<strong>br</strong> />
pJ'6.
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D) o hor6.tc:opo coJo(a o indivlduo lI"m quadro <strong>de</strong> ufer __ do--... ~elo_.aU elo __<<strong>br</strong> />
UP> (o _ • a _r' • l...... pelo _ .. 1'.60 do<<strong>br</strong> />
re-U"dO" ~_<<strong>br</strong> />
F) O lw.>rWcopo ctlfIhibMi parG O due>rwlvitltexto do<<strong>br</strong> />
COJIfnB1ntD e paTa O III_to da flltegraçdo date 9"'110<<strong>br</strong> />
aocial oscilll.nte que fi .. pequena burguesla (leitora da<<strong>br</strong> />
Blle), &man"&r>do-a quer ao IDd1viduallslmo (llUlS não .i.<<strong>br</strong> />
autoDomia). quer l tena10 relath'BD1ellte a uma t1n.lld.dc<<strong>br</strong> />
"<<strong>br</strong> />
{rn.as cuidadosamentc dOl!eada e calculada), o êxito (Im_<<strong>br</strong> />
poo;w), etc.<<strong>br</strong> />
porque, dcliDitivamente, a pr6pria essêncill <strong>de</strong>ste discurso<<strong>br</strong> />
é o que po<strong>de</strong>rlamOll ehamar:<<strong>br</strong> />
G) Á ellMGgruç40 <strong>de</strong> lima /dcologi4> da temperança_<<strong>br</strong> />
ludo oe llIl'Wiu em redor dlI mo<strong>de</strong>ração e do Ilutoeontrnlo,<<strong>br</strong> />
J!l ...prudêncUl .0 volante., pérola do teno, qua resume<<strong>br</strong> />
IUL perfeição, metaforicamente, .. atitu<strong>de</strong> g
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ArrrtiDES VALoIt'1:ADAS<<strong>br</strong> />
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ArrTUOE$ REJEITADAS •<<strong>br</strong> />
~_.<<strong>br</strong> />
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e adicionAndo a!itlUtu 1:alori=ada.l e atitlll!gUin~, <strong>de</strong> um<<strong>br</strong> />
upecto importante do texlo, o qual • encontn. bem etlI·<<strong>br</strong> />
t.n.do no indivíduo (d. .. hip{lteM do narcisim>o Ibon·<<strong>br</strong> />
jeado) e que orienta .,.rtu atitu<strong>de</strong>a II conduta predsas,<<strong>br</strong> />
valorlAndO-as 011. fruatrando-u.<<strong>br</strong> />
-tivu.. :.. dbscia ..., lerit'a ue<<strong>br</strong> />
.. nOll • D-__<<strong>br</strong> />
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-.em. _ '1." 1_ ndm
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por frwse num texto elCrltO. Ol! lellore& <strong>de</strong> um hor6aeopo<<strong>br</strong> />
não <strong>de</strong>vem .ee o<strong>br</strong>lgadJII .. WOt'ÇOll (pelo menQII ao lÚwl<<strong>br</strong> />
da. !eit\U'&l) (").<<strong>br</strong> />
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í. sua. regularlda4e quue matemátlca. Estu fr&lle'l &pre<<strong>br</strong> />
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nO flrn.lljo eatereotlpado e na lu.&. flllquente Drga_<<strong>br</strong> />
niza.ç!o "'" dUJlll oraQÕea <strong>com</strong>plementares. _ dit.&dool e<<strong>br</strong> />
pl'Ovérbloll da sabedori& popular (af"U'lIlação <strong>de</strong> um """<<strong>br</strong> />
tido, seguido <strong>de</strong> ateuw.ção ou eontndlçiW através <strong>de</strong> um<<strong>br</strong> />
seguIldo aentido q\ll!, O1IlnOdula Oprimeiro, OUIlt lhe opõe:<<strong>br</strong> />
francamente). 01_ Inneo e logo a aeguu- dl_ preto<<strong>br</strong> />
011 cimento, gn.çu l translçlo operada por um cllWl» ou<<strong>br</strong> />
por um ce~ (a freqllêncta <strong>de</strong>s~ termOII é p&rt!cula.rmente<<strong>br</strong> />
elevada). A eou:olha e.be ao leitor... E • arte <strong>de</strong> m&Dejar<<strong>br</strong> />
ombtilmente QII eoa.tririos, que <strong>de</strong>ste modo, e HIll que disso<<strong>br</strong> />
lI t:OUi<strong>de</strong>rado CF. Giroud. DOlI __ escrito.:<<strong>br</strong> />
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bto lIigDlflca ~e o reportório <strong>de</strong> bue é, neste alls(,. <strong>de</strong><<strong>br</strong> />
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adjeettVOll eltell q~e eorrespao<strong>de</strong>m .. UDl.& projei:çio<<strong>br</strong> />
optimytll 110 lutU1'(/. O termo Problcm4 lItM<<strong>br</strong> />
do ~'OClIbuJdrio do 1wrl;SJ<<strong>br</strong> />
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6 monDe (&pnWIlladan:ente 8% <strong>de</strong> ocorrênciaa). Eat&<<strong>br</strong> />
incidência COMtitul o aiDal <strong>de</strong> que o ho..e.oopo possui w:ua.<<strong>br</strong> />
função dw.:a... iJIto é. que procur&l' estahel= e JM'rlIO'<<strong>br</strong> />
l:Ia1iAr o contado «1m o leitor, dando .. iIa3io do ~Je.<<strong>br</strong> />
cimento <strong>de</strong> um diUogo.1!: .. collfl:l'maçio <strong>de</strong> UIJI& dlLIl no; ..<<strong>br</strong> />
.Il.lfl6t.e-: esta disctmIo é ellDc:ebldo pua elogi&r o ego.<<strong>br</strong> />
ceDtriamo do sujeito. AIiáa, eneoal:r'&-M frequeDWnellu o<<strong>br</strong> />
mesmo proeedimento no dlseul'8O publlclttrio, que, para<<strong>br</strong> />
lIIlduzir, um .. llecemida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> fazer e.queco"r o seu estatuto<<strong>br</strong> />
<strong>de</strong> eomWl!eaçio <strong>de</strong> ma.ua. llI:I6oima .. Uni ..I<<strong>br</strong> />
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lador?<<strong>br</strong> />
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TERCEIRA PARTE<<strong>br</strong> />
MÉTODO
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ORGluVIZAÇÃO DA 1u'lAusE<<strong>br</strong> />
Aa diferentes fasea da .n"i.... <strong>de</strong> oootrido, tal <strong>com</strong>o O<<strong>br</strong> />
illquérito lIOciol6gioo O\l .. ~l*~,orpniZ'lm_lle<<strong>br</strong> />
em torno <strong>de</strong> b'ê!I pólc. erot!olõgi"..;<<strong>br</strong> />
1) .. prH.ni.fuIe;<<strong>br</strong> />
Z) .. explo~ do material;<<strong>br</strong> />
3) o tnl.tam"Dto doe resultados, .. inferfncia e a interp",tação.<<strong>br</strong> />
I. A. PRll_ANAI.!lll':<<strong>br</strong> />
,<<strong>br</strong> />
E a rMe <strong>de</strong> organiw;io propriamente dita. Col'l'e.!!lpon<strong>de</strong><<strong>br</strong> />
a um periodo <strong>de</strong> lntui~,mu, tem por ob~tivo tornar<<strong>br</strong> />
OperadO""is e alsterutbar al!I i<strong>de</strong>ias inieiaUl, <strong>de</strong> maneira<<strong>br</strong> />
a eonduzir .. WD l'$qllellla pn!CÚIO do <strong>de</strong>wl~vimentodu<<strong>br</strong> />
oper-açõa; ~vu, IIWD pla.D.o <strong>de</strong> ·dU•• Recorrendo 011<<strong>br</strong> />
ll10 ao onJen,do~,<<strong>br</strong> />
ttata_ <strong>de</strong> ~r um pzognuna<<strong>br</strong> />
que, JXldI'ndo .... 1'1e:Id're1 ('Il>"f dizoer. que permita a iniroduçi.o<<strong>br</strong> />
<strong>de</strong> llOV
ElStes três faeto~, nio lIIe suce<strong>de</strong>m, o<strong>br</strong>lgatorillmente, 1IIe'<<strong>br</strong> />
gundo ~ or<strong>de</strong>m cronológica, embo.... fie ma.nten.h&m<<strong>br</strong> />
mreitamente lIgadoe llI1lI _ outroll: & escolha <strong>de</strong> documeotoe<<strong>br</strong> />
<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong> dos objectil"Oll. ou, iIlveraamecte, o<<strong>br</strong> />
objeethoo 8Ó ê polI3Ivel em funo:âo dos documcDto. dilIponlveill;<<strong>br</strong> />
0lI IlldIeadorelI Mrio eonstruidoll em fuDçio du<<strong>br</strong> />
hip6t0!:se8. 011, pelo contririo, ali hipóteses serio criIdaa na<<strong>br</strong> />
pnRDÇ& <strong>de</strong> llUtoe iadicea. A pré-'nil;v tem por objectivo<<strong>br</strong> />
& ozvniAtio, embo.... ela pmpria sep. <strong>com</strong>posta por Wi.<<strong>br</strong> />
vida<strong>de</strong>e ni.o e.tnItundu. uberlas~,por opolllçio i. expio<<strong>br</strong> />
"-Çio IIlttetnátIea do. dDC:lmlento!l.<<strong>br</strong> />
a) A lritwrll c/1MltuUlÚi:..- A primeira aetiYldalX a;a.<<strong>br</strong> />
aiste em Illltabeleeer contado <strong>com</strong> os documento. & .plliAr<<strong>br</strong> />
"em eonb....r o telrto Mtrardc se inndir por impi õee<<strong>br</strong> />
e orietlt~ Esta fl.6e ~ chamada <strong>de</strong> leitura cflullWlw.<<strong>br</strong> />
por ualog1& <strong>com</strong> a atitu<strong>de</strong> do pUClInlljsta. Pouco. poueo,<<strong>br</strong> />
• leitura vai_ toma.ndc mais precia, em função <strong>de</strong> hipÓteses<<strong>br</strong> />
emergeot.e5, da projccçio <strong>de</strong> teorlu adaptadu aOOre<<strong>br</strong> />
o materi&l e da pOQh....J aplic:ação <strong>de</strong> I.llçojeq Ilttundu<<strong>br</strong> />
so<strong>br</strong>e materiaill tJ:lÜOp.<<strong>br</strong> />
b) A ueolM tloIJ àocllmentOll.-O uni...crao <strong>de</strong> doçument03<<strong>br</strong> />
<strong>de</strong> aniUae po<strong>de</strong> ser <strong>de</strong>terminado li priori:<<strong>br</strong> />
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..naUates " explo.....ão doo reoorte.ol <strong>de</strong> imprenu. reuni.<<strong>br</strong> />
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• • "<<strong>br</strong> />
••<<strong>br</strong> />
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A ANIúJSE CATEGORIAL
-<<strong>br</strong> />
n<<strong>br</strong> />
A A.L~ÁUSE<<strong>br</strong> />
DE AVAUAÇÃO<<strong>br</strong> />
{'} C. E. ~ c'I'tlo ftlI......ta__
-<<strong>br</strong> />
menOl, e m8.lllfestan:ul-\a3 por jUiZ08 <strong>de</strong> valor. Uma at!<<strong>br</strong> />
tu<strong>de</strong> ê um lIÍ1c1ro, \UII.I. matriz muitaa vez.es Inconsciente,<<strong>br</strong> />
que produz (e que SI!! traduz por) um conjunto <strong>de</strong> toln.du<<strong>br</strong> />
<strong>de</strong> posiçào. <strong>de</strong> qualit1c3çõe., <strong>de</strong> d""","iç6ea e <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>signa.<<strong>br</strong> />
çõu <strong>de</strong> avalilçio mais ou =05 8 prncura JU'lt:l.mente <strong>de</strong>flnlr .. slgn"<<strong>br</strong> />
ílcaCiio pa.r? um dado locutor.<<strong>br</strong> />
Twrfeamente, entiio, a avaliação doa 014, num regiBto<<strong>br</strong> />
do tipo tavorâ'·ell<strong>de</strong>aravoI"lÍ.vcl, <strong>de</strong>veria ser simples e som<<strong>br</strong> />
ambiguida<strong>de</strong> per? os. eodjricadol'Cll, em virtu<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>8te eoocenso<<strong>br</strong> />
lIe.lllLntleo. Entretanto se e",stem dúvldu, po<strong>de</strong>m<<strong>br</strong> />
_se lIUbm<strong>de</strong>r 0Il 014 que são <strong>de</strong> significação IUnbigua a um<<strong>br</strong> />
pequeno teste <strong>de</strong>. congruêneia. Colocam-se 01 CM em l"~tI.o<<strong>br</strong> />
em alirmacÔCa eontendo os prots.gODIllt:l.s C(lm orte<<strong>br</strong> />
polarida<strong>de</strong>, tai, eomo, o Herói ou o Celerado, Santn ou<<strong>br</strong> />
Pecador (nemp1otl dados por ÜBgocd <strong>com</strong>o simbo1otl <strong>de</strong><<strong>br</strong> />
dlmenã.o do bom 8 do mau ('j, <strong>de</strong>&empenhalldo .. funCão<<strong>br</strong> />
<strong>de</strong> ob.feetoa em que .. signifleaçãn ê COIlhecida.
VeJIUD08 para o termo _paz.:<<strong>br</strong> />
11 CIlunclado 01 objee.<<strong>br</strong> />
tOI <strong>de</strong> atitu<strong>de</strong> e 01 têríihóóa.rqWilificaç;io.<<strong>br</strong> />
R.ewmiDdo. 01 objectas <strong>de</strong> atitu<strong>de</strong> das quab ee procura<<strong>br</strong> />
aVa1~ Rrio rodadoi!I por Uonn(ll anl1atlYOl <strong>de</strong><<strong>br</strong> />
lligrUtleaçio <strong>com</strong>um (Apondo que menv1am a ~ e.tá<<strong>br</strong> />
VOOUl ou ltepUa&.) e as """"Ctom. nrb&ia aio tamb&n<<strong>br</strong> />
ava.1ii.vools.<<strong>br</strong> />
b) PROIEIRA El'APA: l<strong>de</strong>oúi/icaçiio e eztnrq'ÕO da.o<<strong>br</strong> />
objedOl cid 1I1itl O!I Rguintes:<<strong>br</strong> />
O joru&l X _ X<<strong>br</strong> />
O go\W'Oo ~ Y<<strong>br</strong> />
Oa eequerdiab. "" Z.<<strong>br</strong> />
Depola da. tranaformaçao isto dá:<<strong>br</strong> />
/XI contesta eternamente/.... dcci.7õe" repreuit'CU<<strong>br</strong> />
IYI toma/d6ci..roe" repTeMiVM<<strong>br</strong> />
IZI recuaa. IXI<<strong>br</strong> />
/XI :;:< (')<<strong>br</strong> />
/XI eetál<strong>com</strong>>mpido<<strong>br</strong> />
IZI é/talvtl~ lk>ma.riado si"lemdtioo<<strong>br</strong> />
IZI tem/llma atitu<strong>de</strong> /wnesta.<<strong>br</strong> />
d) TERCEIRA ETAPA: A Coditi
- Notação 00:' '1ualijicadore$ (cm): O~good parece<<strong>br</strong> />
consl<strong>de</strong>ru que eXISte pouca dUleulda<strong>de</strong> em codificar lXlrno<<strong>br</strong> />
favorivelrl ou <strong>de</strong>sfavoráveis 08 termOll ll.ValiatiVOI <strong>de</strong> slgnl.<<strong>br</strong> />
flatão <strong>com</strong>llm, .isto .,<strong>br</strong>e WIla escala <strong>de</strong> sete pontol em<<strong>br</strong> />
que 08 três níveIS pOlatlvOll ou negativo.. corTe:lpon<strong>de</strong>m I.<<strong>br</strong> />
a .muito" .bastante., .pouco•. Se é entretanto fiei! <strong>de</strong><<strong>br</strong> />
c1asllficar .muito honelltu por + 3, ou ..in!.er'ea:a.nle,<<strong>br</strong> />
por + 1. ou .atroz. por _ 3, po<strong>de</strong>_ perguntar, apelIaT<<strong>br</strong> />
00. trabw!bO'l <strong>de</strong> o.good. lIe diferençu indivtduais<<strong>br</strong> />
e culturais Da.o enviesam a DOtação da carga av-.llatlva<<strong>br</strong> />
<strong>de</strong> certoll te:mll6. NeIte u.IO o !elite <strong>de</strong> OOIlgrtlêrlel& reoomcDd&do<<strong>br</strong> />
pelo autor (cf. IUpn.) parece 5e1' bem anódiDo.<<strong>br</strong> />
1; verda<strong>de</strong>; que a difiQl!d&<strong>de</strong> ::;:A:~"'"<strong>de</strong>na tkoiee.<<strong>br</strong> />
e quc o codifIcador (ou. OIJ'<<strong>br</strong> />
,;e ela pl'tIvi!m<<strong>br</strong> />
do J:DealllO grupo <strong>de</strong> pertmç& eu1bmal) nunca estará _<<strong>br</strong> />
guro <strong>de</strong> .llia projectar (I seu prôprlo toque lingubtko e<<strong>br</strong> />
o seu .~ <strong>de</strong> V&!oreI; peal»ia so<strong>br</strong>e (I texto que alta<<strong>br</strong> />
• eutOm&r'.<<strong>br</strong> />
Como po<strong>de</strong>rá. avaliu- (I &djectiyo .lnuguês. 11& true<<strong>br</strong> />
.6 uma tamIlia burguos;u! A direcção é positi..., ou nega.<<strong>br</strong> />
Un, iato é. fan,ri.;"el 0lI <strong>de</strong>sfavorável? E .gentib é o<strong>br</strong>igatoriamente<<strong>br</strong> />
positivo! Ou alndl. .ateu. no exemplo do<<strong>br</strong> />
quadro seguinte?<<strong>br</strong> />
~.:......)<<strong>br</strong> />
I. (011,-<<strong>br</strong> />
-<<strong>br</strong> />
W<<strong>br</strong> />
--<<strong>br</strong> />
%. (001 .....--<<strong>br</strong> />
- •,<<strong>br</strong> />
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- ...... -<<strong>br</strong> />
,r...-_ o.<<strong>br</strong> />
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MO<<strong>br</strong> />
M-<<strong>br</strong> />
• , ...- -, -.<<strong>br</strong> />
• , ~.... -. -,<<strong>br</strong> />
• , -<<strong>br</strong> />
-, -.<<strong>br</strong> />
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'- (00) ....~- ~<<strong>br</strong> />
••<<strong>br</strong> />
t. lO.) -~<<strong>br</strong> />
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clIr1rc.;:- pro".o.o:u1ro.", ., ~ -,<<strong>br</strong> />
~ffi_<<strong>br</strong> />
te. oo"rif,_ "" pau>~"<<strong>br</strong> />
3. (Do) 1!Irl.O;
N{~'II1<<strong>br</strong> />
---<<strong>br</strong> />
pu<<strong>br</strong> />
II.......rpro_<<strong>br</strong> />
jIm:o &00 otI.te
í<<strong>br</strong> />
- Te>Udo 1II1"noacioI!tuo. "",,<<strong>br</strong> />
W",-14 Rouo" M""''''''.......
- A prepatllÇáo dos clMw; Para aprofundar as atitu<strong>de</strong>s<<strong>br</strong> />
do locutor do texto do ~ta I<strong>de</strong>ntificar ~ objeetQII (! a<<strong>br</strong> />
frequêneia da sua oeorr!Dela, li neee!l!lit.rio <strong>de</strong>tennlnar &li<<strong>br</strong> />
rel~ (tais oorno lU. expruaaa pelo emiuor) que existem<<strong>br</strong> />
entre eles 00 Interior <strong>de</strong> uma meama frue. !Bto Uopc3e<<strong>br</strong> />
uma oodiflcaç!o prévia dall unlda<strong>de</strong>a <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> lIeDtidoo que<<strong>br</strong> />
,irvam <strong>de</strong> te.lltemunho da relação lógica lujelto.aeçiio-ilio.<<strong>br</strong> />
E feita uma diltlnc;lo num etema. (unIda<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> JJe~tl.... elaI-<<strong>br</strong> />
I A acç&o ........ -.11_<<strong>br</strong> />
•<<strong>br</strong> />
o O objecto {__ .. a.lYt> • ,<<strong>br</strong> />
-..... obje«o h>AI 40l B aaeoça... '"<<strong>br</strong> />
pan é c:od1fk:ado do -auinte 1DOdo: U politieu/3 _agn&<<strong>br</strong> />
q-.,.....-<<strong>br</strong> />
c) .... II.;Ao<<strong>br</strong> />
--- • ,<<strong>br</strong> />
a1va.a/3·<strong>de</strong> B/3 • .,neoÇlm/4..a puf7.<<strong>br</strong> />
Exemplo: .0 -.o ob}ectWo iluJewdt:r O -.o.,slido<<strong>br</strong> />
" r:ora;o.o a.liGdo_ li ecdlfIeado: O_/3. objeologIa,<<strong>br</strong> />
atitu<strong>de</strong>, al~ reacções emociolI.iI, au.r6ola (!QIlOtati'VlL<<strong>br</strong> />
acercada,.. ) <strong>de</strong> um produto<strong>de</strong> eomunlc:açlo! l!: pro&<<strong>br</strong> />
seguir o .....Ibo lIO%lho que gera uma boi. pene da -.ctivIda<strong>de</strong><<strong>br</strong> />
<strong>de</strong> pellQuiu. em matéria <strong>de</strong> t6enieu <strong>de</strong> .o'Ii... o<<strong>br</strong> />
......1Il! rigo:roeo frente li. um material tell<strong>de</strong>ncitso,<<strong>br</strong> />
Ap8!I&r da moroaida<strong>de</strong> doe prooedimcntoa. a análise<<strong>br</strong> />
avaliativa-qua se vai ta1Te:I. a<strong>br</strong>evbDdo por elimio-çi\o<<strong>br</strong> />
<strong>de</strong> operações lD6.tel& e pelo encargo autom.ál:lco da oertu<<strong>br</strong> />
tardu por parte do or<strong>de</strong>nador _ provavelmente nlo diue<<strong>br</strong> />
a .... 6.ltima palavn.. Tendo por bue o EAA, Osgood IJUgeria<<strong>br</strong> />
outru pistu. li. que na sua p"n:peeth.. Ili.o falta...<<strong>br</strong> />
inten!ll!le:<<strong>br</strong> />
'"
• Medi~io<<strong>br</strong> />
da illCO'lgl'lll!ncla avallat!va <strong>de</strong> uma men·<<strong>br</strong> />
sagem. Qual ti coerência <strong>de</strong> um texto nos lIl!~ jui~",,?<<strong>br</strong> />
Uma pelI!I(lIl. Ou um jorlll.l alo sempre homogéneos nu sua..<<strong>br</strong> />
afirmações? O que revela um fndice <strong>de</strong> incongruência<<strong>br</strong> />
elevado (<strong>de</strong>terminado pelo nUmero <strong>de</strong> a!tnna.cQes <strong>de</strong>llvian.<<strong>br</strong> />
telI em reb.çlo ao eonjllnto)! Uma tibieza 0\1 uma ambi·<<strong>br</strong> />
val&!cia na atitu<strong>de</strong>! A )lI'elltnçll <strong>de</strong> juizo& voiunt&riamCllte<<strong>br</strong> />
não conforme oom as coo\·Icç.6es reais?<<strong>br</strong> />
• :>Iedição da ClIrga /waliGtit.lI <strong>de</strong>. uma menKagern.<<strong>br</strong> />
A carp. avaUatlva <strong>de</strong> uma coo...."" po<strong>de</strong> indleu a percentagem<<strong>br</strong> />
<strong>de</strong> emotlvid&<strong>de</strong> ou afectlvtda<strong>de</strong> du pelISOllS em<<strong>br</strong> />
pn!lllmça. Po<strong>de</strong> dar conta. do carteur ten<strong>de</strong>~IO'lO 011 I<strong>de</strong>ológico<<strong>br</strong> />
<strong>de</strong> um IU'tigo <strong>de</strong> jol'll.ll. ó&tennlnar II relllção iDfor·<<strong>br</strong> />
maçâojpcrsu.ulo <strong>de</strong> 1l:'D. I.l\(mcio publicitirlo. ete.<<strong>br</strong> />
m<<strong>br</strong> />
A ANÁLISE DA ENUNCIAÇÃO<<strong>br</strong> />
_.><<strong>br</strong> />
.1: .d.._" ,,_.u.<<strong>br</strong> />
~.f11 u_am __<<strong>br</strong> />
poon. ~ _ """ria< ....<<strong>br</strong> />
A UliliM da enum:iação um dU&lll cn.n~ eanetm.<<strong>br</strong> />
ti
I. tIloU. CONC!>PÇAO !XI DIlIURSO<<strong>br</strong> />
COXO PAl.A.VRA. EM ACTO<<strong>br</strong> />
Cbt.ma.... gera1lneDte dÍSC1lr.JO na pritica daa &lI4l!lles<<strong>br</strong> />
lo toda a <strong>com</strong>unlcaçio .tudada nâ.o IIÓ ao nIvel dolI_ elemenw.<<strong>br</strong> />
ODIIatituin1ea ,,\ementares (a pa1ana por exemplo)<<strong>br</strong> />
mu tambêm " .ob....tudo li. um Dlvel l~ e 8llperior, t<<strong>br</strong> />
frue (propoaiç6es, enu.nciadol, .-equêaclu).<<strong>br</strong> />
A aniU., da enunciação usenta nWll& eoDCl!pçio do<<strong>br</strong> />
~ eomo pa1&vn. em acto. A -nl!!M <strong>de</strong> coate1l.do<<strong>br</strong> />
diDlc:a consl<strong>de</strong>.... o oatI'ri&l di! IlIItudo 00lIl0 um dado,<<strong>br</strong> />
Isto., <strong>com</strong>o um ainnri.dn imobiljzado. manipulbtol, fraglDI!lItbtol.<<strong>br</strong> />
Ora, UlIl.& p:uduçio <strong>de</strong> palavn. , um,.o ''O.<<strong>br</strong> />
A 'II'li... da enunei&çio eonsi<strong>de</strong>.... que na altura da pr0<<strong>br</strong> />
dução da pala,,"- é f"I:o um trabalho,' elaborado um 8erttido<<strong>br</strong> />
e lião open.du ~=açõeo. O diaeIir.o n10 ,<<strong>br</strong> />
traDlIptllliçiio tranlparente <strong>de</strong> opiniões, <strong>de</strong> Iltl~ e <strong>de</strong><<strong>br</strong> />
reproellell~ que exisa.m <strong>de</strong> nwdo cabl.l antN da pp.<<strong>br</strong> />
Uf"m â forma. Ungua~ira. O disc:unIo do li um produto<<strong>br</strong> />
ac:abt.do mu um momento num proccuo <strong>de</strong> elaboraçio,<<strong>br</strong> />
ewn tudo O que llIlIo mmporta df! eontn.di~. <strong>de</strong> lDooerenelaa,<<strong>br</strong> />
<strong>de</strong> imperteicÕ"". Isto é particul&.rmente evi<strong>de</strong>nte<<strong>br</strong> />
lWl entreviatu ClD que a produ~o li ao lDe$lDO tempo eepoutlncI.<<strong>br</strong> />
e COnltrangilia. pela situaçiQ.<<strong>br</strong> />
Se o d~ for lft'Ipecüvado <strong>com</strong>o proceaao <strong>de</strong> elaboração<<strong>br</strong> />
on<strong>de</strong> ... confrontam ~ motivações, <strong>de</strong>lejoll e<<strong>br</strong> />
invelltimentoll do sujeito <strong>com</strong> ~ impo.olçõea do eódlgo Ungubtleo<<strong>br</strong> />
e <strong>com</strong> B.9 condições <strong>de</strong> produl;io, entio O <strong>de</strong>svio<<strong>br</strong> />
pela enunclaç&> é a melbor via para se alcançar o que le<<strong>br</strong> />
procura.<<strong>br</strong> />
a) .o condi,õe~ ik produção da palallTll.-Em qut.l·<<strong>br</strong> />
quer <strong>com</strong>unlcaçlo, e !!lo ap.mas na cura psice.nalitica ou<<strong>br</strong> />
na entrevista, um ~triá.ngulo~ estrutura a produção: ..<<strong>br</strong> />
três p6kw &10 o locuter, o seu objecto <strong>de</strong> disc\u$o ou <strong>de</strong><<strong>br</strong> />
....ferf,llcla, e um terceiro (paica.nali.st&, ent......lstador ou<<strong>br</strong> />
outrem). O locutor exprimi! <strong>com</strong> Ioda a tua amblvaléncla,<<strong>br</strong> />
oe RUI COI1fl.it05 <strong>de</strong> baR, a iJ:lcoel'êllcta do RlI .IlIeonecleote,<<strong>br</strong> />
mu lla prelIeIlÇ& tk UJ:I. terceiro a sua fa.ls <strong>de</strong>\-e respeitar<<strong>br</strong> />
a esJiêncls. da I~easocializada- cBem ou ll.Iab a lua fala<<strong>br</strong> />
torn&_<<strong>br</strong> />
--<<strong>br</strong> />
-...nament.e um discunso. :&:: pejo dol:nInio da<<strong>br</strong> />
palavra, palu suu Iacuna.s e dotrtriDs.a que o &DSJ1sta po<strong>de</strong><<strong>br</strong> />
reeomruir .. lnvestlnentlJll, "" atitu<strong>de</strong>ll., as repn!'lM!llta-<<strong>br</strong> />
PrMpect.lvado <strong>de</strong>lI.te modo, o dis
eferenciação e a lnterpreta.çJio dos coni''DIÇQES E ORG.L""IU.C.lO<<strong>br</strong> />
D~ 1!XA. .L"'
estrIto. DigamOll um llUmel'O <strong>de</strong> quinz.c .. trinta entrevistu.<<strong>br</strong> />
Deve Iler feita \ln:lII. "morl,...~ rigoroea. A difcnn.<<strong>br</strong> />
ciaçio du vari&vci.e: ROto, ida<strong>de</strong>, etc... ao nlvel do ruultado<<strong>br</strong> />
impõe um aumento <strong>de</strong>ste nUm"", m~o.<<strong>br</strong> />
Se .. aa6Jbe for COt>Iparati\:a (pelo melUlll DO lIm da<<strong>br</strong> />
tarefa), ê DeCudrlo que as eoJ:l.diçõea sejam 1t&DdartIzadas<<strong>br</strong> />
(<strong>com</strong> .. IlIftJILa problemática di! partida. e <strong>com</strong> as<<strong>br</strong> />
mesmas CO/Jdiçõee sib"cjonaj.j. Se contudo ...nili...<<strong>br</strong> />
estivu centrada n.a~ da~iAdil1idwal<<strong>br</strong> />
do cU.eunIo, .. re
T<<strong>br</strong> />
~_.<<strong>br</strong> />
oln!ervação do. SUc por), 1 ~ ,....,0 (2) • ".. '"'~ ....<<strong>br</strong> />
_""' •• qr«I H f!l('G _ dor.,..<<strong>br</strong> />
(podom """"nbu_ ..,." ....... difet'enluJ '"__lO .....<<strong>br</strong> />
x ,<<strong>br</strong> />
(2): .,.~<<strong>br</strong> />
II): t=o. do .. """,,",,".<<strong>br</strong> />
lt) uma. do .... e ~ li _ ""'P"-<<strong>br</strong> />
I EDtnI prtat_ ( ) = -.o~ .. 1IeWoooI... ao ilfer<<strong>br</strong> />
I<<strong>br</strong> />
N" ......-pm__:<<strong>br</strong> />
,,-.lIII:rio, .....soc&elo.J:<<strong>br</strong> />
~a. can
•<<strong>br</strong> />
t. m""",,W!~,<<strong>br</strong> />
iI Sou ..IAU....m<<strong>br</strong> />
~) 1>10 teMo "" ~ _ mutt~ I:t..~ ...... (ftO/l"'J.<<strong>br</strong> />
.)<<strong>br</strong> />
8)<<strong>br</strong> />
..<<strong>br</strong> />
_<<strong>br</strong> />
~_.,..,.t_<<strong>br</strong> />
pot um pj '1.'" ~ ~ "'>prto.<<strong>br</strong> />
T) (De q\Ol.lq.... tonJ\O; 1_ p&-.I ni\~l d.a.a tria sequências a dizlintiea li & aegu1nt.e:<<strong>br</strong> />
o..mo.ÃO~t..:<<strong>br</strong> />
n. - Estilo linear,<<strong>br</strong> />
m - EatUo OOnfWlO, "",citante ~ ",petitlvo.<<strong>br</strong> />
IV. - EsU10 linear.<<strong>br</strong> />
TI, _ Afirmação,<<strong>br</strong> />
m, _ Problmati~.<<strong>br</strong> />
IV, _ Rtaf1rm~.<<strong>br</strong> />
o aeolltecimeuto oonflitual que perturba & progreui.o<<strong>br</strong> />
do dW:uI'110 e & lJU& eU~lIciação é a erupçio na ~quêDciam<<strong>br</strong> />
<strong>de</strong> uma ffoorda;lo (G!! oompl~>:06). A estruturaÇÜo geral<<strong>br</strong> />
é entlo:<<strong>br</strong> />
n. - Raeloclnio -domínio do diacul'$O _ eatilo lineu,<<strong>br</strong> />
m. - /'1terve'l'ao <strong>de</strong> uma reeardft1ão _ perda do dominlo<<strong>br</strong> />
IV. -<<strong>br</strong> />
do racioclnio e do estilo,<<strong>br</strong> />
Retomar d(> raciocinio e do domlnlo do dillCul'aO_<<strong>br</strong> />
restabelecimento do C5tilo.<<strong>br</strong> />
Na fue m o locutor é
Aqui a razão po<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>sempenlur um papel <strong>de</strong> d~fen.<<strong>br</strong> />
A Inttl"pOlaçAo po<strong>de</strong> Sl'f do tipo .......tentaçdo (aUllpcUllãl)<<strong>br</strong> />
seguida da lIUIl'nlSa pela <strong>de</strong>mora) ou CQrTeC('l1o (~tn!.c,<<strong>br</strong> />
çio do uma afirma;:ão <strong>de</strong>vido a uma atirmaçio m.&b<<strong>br</strong> />
forte ou ma13 a<strong>de</strong>q1Wia, ou por reo::tllIeaç6es suceeaivu).<<strong>br</strong> />
cl o. e/cmcloto. ~ípico.l<<strong>br</strong> />
" .... lígwrdll <strong>de</strong> ret6ticd.<<strong>br</strong> />
_ A..f ruorT~. El!talI UO ~tiçõe.<strong>de</strong> um mclllIlO<<strong>br</strong> />
terna ou da m.....' pala\'l'a em contelttoo! dlferenteL Xo<<strong>br</strong> />
iD.ldo da entf'EVlata, • ~iu são tlll1& re&CÇio dln!Ct&<<strong>br</strong> />
.. pergtlllta estioulo que "" ~c& por um "preenchImento.<<strong>br</strong> />
eompuWvo do te:n:po <strong>de</strong> f.a.Ia por bloqueio til<<strong>br</strong> />
~ fl.lllili.ariAQõo pwg.....iva <strong>com</strong> um DOY'll tema. E O<<strong>br</strong> />
euo da t'Dtrovista citada 5Obn! • imagem do COfllO, em<<strong>br</strong> />
que o tema c
gUmo correspow:le & uma tentativa. <strong>de</strong> fa.cioelnio, a um<<strong>br</strong> />
<strong>de</strong>licjo <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>lllonst...çã.o que encalha Il& arguDll'nu,ção.<<strong>br</strong> />
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sida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> justlficaçlo <strong>de</strong> um <strong>com</strong>portamento ~ otI<<strong>br</strong> />
<strong>de</strong> um juizo em eontradição COm a aituaç10 re&I. Ou ntlo<<strong>br</strong> />
revelam mi fê.<<strong>br</strong> />
Corrcepoo<strong>de</strong>m & uma dclCSll do Super-cgo, mu cada<<strong>br</strong> />
knb.tin ae aimu1&çio pela rnclon_U""çio condu ao fa·<<strong>br</strong> />
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<strong>de</strong> técnleu <strong>de</strong> .náli.... <strong>de</strong> txpreslio lião os seguinte.: II \n.<<strong>br</strong> />
"elItigaçlo da lIutentieida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> um documento (literatura.<<strong>br</strong> />
h1It6ria), II ps1ooJogil. elli1ie& (psleoterapia, psiquiatria),<<strong>br</strong> />
c. d~ politiCO!il 011 C. que são 5lISCeptivels <strong>de</strong> Yei·<<strong>br</strong> />
eu1ar uma i<strong>de</strong>ologia :retórica).<<strong>br</strong> />
Parece ....r poo!.!lÍV1!l. claait'icu 01 d.iversoa indl~<<strong>br</strong> />
!onn&ls d& seguinte lIWIeln.: 01 indi~lái_ li lo<<strong>br</strong> />
estll1stiea; as anili3ea do di-eurlPO ou da narratin. (eDe&<<strong>br</strong> />
<strong>de</strong>amento lo\gioo. arn.njo <strong>de</strong> "'Quêntias, estnltura DaJ'.<<strong>br</strong> />
ratl\.... eIItruturall formais <strong>de</strong> base).<<strong>br</strong> />
1. os n:DICAOOft!:8<<strong>br</strong> />
A Il8t1Ustlca. quantitativa, que se basei.. na frequênela<<strong>br</strong> />
reJil.tiva das pa.!asraa, in.Ilpll'Ou certas medi.daa .. anillllC<<strong>br</strong> />
<strong>de</strong> conteúdo, A e.stilí.t1ca qualitativa tornou-se menos ln.<<strong>br</strong> />
tultiva li mais sistemática (<strong>de</strong>finição l.\:lI;ada dOIl parãmet!"(:I$<<strong>br</strong> />
utiliza.dOll) o que <strong>de</strong>u lupr à wIlIltrução <strong>de</strong> certOll<<strong>br</strong> />
Indlces. A neCes1lida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> um. lIborda.gan dlfereD.clal II<<strong>br</strong> />
<strong>com</strong>plU'ativa orientou as InVelItlpçõeB para li nt&bcleelmanto<<strong>br</strong> />
<strong>de</strong> t.a:u.a médW, caracterlatieu modais, normaa <strong>de</strong><<strong>br</strong> />
I'l!ferlDcla, a fim <strong>de</strong> .!!n ~lvel .. <strong>com</strong>paração das pro·<<strong>br</strong> />
duções &lWiaadlUI = OIItru produ~<<strong>br</strong> />
ElItze 011 indicad""", láicoe utllizou-se:<<strong>br</strong> />
- o TI'R (tJ/Pf' toIon .-alio). F.o5u indic:a.dor me<strong>de</strong> II<<strong>br</strong> />
Yllrieda<strong>de</strong> (ou II pobl"l!D.) do voeablJ1ário pelo cáleIlIo da<<strong>br</strong> />
ruão entre li número <strong>de</strong> p&l&wu difen>ntes. BO<strong>br</strong>e li nt:!.<<strong>br</strong> />
~ro toW <strong>de</strong> pala.vru. Ou dito <strong>de</strong> gutn fann.a:<<strong>br</strong> />
1l!:lrioo<<strong>br</strong> />
L<<strong>br</strong> />
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(r~ ""la -.<<strong>br</strong> />
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ferlor a I(V - Ad < S + A).<<strong>br</strong> />
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por DoUard " Mo\O.-Tel' (") em mil no,."""ntos e quarenta<<strong>br</strong> />
" sete, o DRQ, <strong>de</strong>riv. da teoria da aprendizagem, " li um<<strong>br</strong> />
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11l.vrUlque cxprimem
vlIr a consequência da In~nç.;l.o <strong>de</strong> ajuda a peatoa.<<strong>br</strong> />
nllma altulll:w dificil. .o.Jém <strong>de</strong> qua em certo!! c:uos, po<strong>de</strong><<strong>br</strong> />
Ktabelelk ~ Ko.ylo. J. S~.<<strong>br</strong> />
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&_P""""ra ma.s amo<<strong>br</strong> />
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btm ..~ (omiMÕes JII o {fIIbOl to!~ a I'ad<<strong>br</strong> />
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pelo quociente seguLllte:<<strong>br</strong> />
Quocil!llte <strong>de</strong> Ptrtu~d& f&1l.<<strong>br</strong> />
"úmcro <strong>de</strong> penurb&çõea <strong>de</strong> palavru<<strong>br</strong> />
Xúmero <strong>de</strong> .pala9I'U~ numa. ~ ("I.<<strong>br</strong> />
~ta. forma li poosóYl:!1 ob!;ervar a J~l:r«M tk •<<strong>br</strong> />
tllJi1a~ tk pa!GlTIJ' 001I kx:utorell t etll difernltes~<<strong>br</strong> />
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- 1 Jl"rturbaç~o ~e dnoo segundOll (tempo <strong>de</strong> palavra<<strong>br</strong> />
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- 1. pert!U'baçao do quatro .egundOll nos C!tudantcs em<<strong>br</strong> />
~ltUa.Ç3.0 <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>sempenho <strong>de</strong> papéis (atrc").<<strong>br</strong> />
1 J:I'l'rturba~o <strong>de</strong> einco eegundo. 11011 psic61ogo. e p!!i·<<strong>br</strong> />
qUIsi!,•• ~embl'QlS da Unhm'llida<strong>de</strong>, tomando parte<<strong>br</strong> />
~d~~b:ea"ião<strong>de</strong> ..eminiriOll llO<strong>br</strong>e li. vall-<<strong>br</strong> />
. As PMt:ur~da pL1avra são igualmente Utoolllllllin(I,,7<<strong>br</strong> />
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~m difer'ellÇU lKItórias Rf:Il!ldo 0lI indivilhl<<strong>br</strong> />
quan~ à frcquMcia e nab;Ireza da perturbação. I:rto "'..::<<strong>br</strong> />
t.eoe Igualmente DO <strong>de</strong>lI famlli&·<<strong>br</strong> />
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(artu f'ent
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.. o U&O <strong>de</strong> outl"aa técniea.. (medidu do léxloo. aDilboe da.I<<strong>br</strong> />
1<<strong>br</strong> />
_ "",'nç&o ... "'" _I_to 4« _NA.h (O" C4I _ ..... o. poIItl... fnD~."'...t.' _ paD!latoo ele ll(alo<<strong>br</strong> />
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"" rt!laçóe.l entl'l! (lfI elementos da menugem, Ou maill<<strong>br</strong> />
exaet.a.mente, <strong>de</strong>dlca·se I. asaln.a.l&r lI.8 presell~lIS &imultâ·<<strong>br</strong> />
neu (c:o-ocoITênel& ou l'l!laçio <strong>de</strong> a.uool.&r.1o) <strong>de</strong> do;. ou<<strong>br</strong> />
mala elemento&. 11& mesma lUlidadc <strong>de</strong> oontexto, ilIl.o é, num<<strong>br</strong> />
fnlgmento <strong>de</strong> mellllagcm prevíament.e <strong>de</strong>finido.<<strong>br</strong> />
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quadro <strong>de</strong> dupla entrada do tipo .seguinte:<<strong>br</strong> />
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tambolm lJer referidas 8lI frequênciall <strong>de</strong> apariçõe. dOIS ele·<<strong>br</strong> />
mentos. Neste caso, Osgood sugere que se lS/llnalc <strong>com</strong><<strong>br</strong> />
(+) u frequêndu superiores à mediana e <strong>com</strong> (-) llJ!<<strong>br</strong> />
frequências Inferiores.<<strong>br</strong> />
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psicoterapêutica repete Com inaisténeia dU arno/gosto<<strong>br</strong> />
da minha mie>, amor ~ md~ aparecem <strong>de</strong> tacto. em co-ocorri..0. ... po.nlr d. polo....."I'6l...<<strong>br</strong> />
" A. utIJ_ elo 1""''' .... traso (~I''''''''Um mUl.....<<strong>br</strong> />
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..., ::sdIl~ "'1" OU '00;' ... pola v<<strong>br</strong> />
po6e h'" .. "".-.
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articulação, as leis rclaclau&ls. tomam ontio, &0$ olhos<<strong>br</strong> />
do analista, a dianteira .IIObl'll as unida<strong>de</strong>s minímu da<<strong>br</strong> />
co;nunicaç:io. aparentemente <strong>de</strong>sorganizadas e vll.nivcÍlI,<<strong>br</strong> />
e que escon<strong>de</strong>m estas lelll e regras profundas.<<strong>br</strong> />
De fado, cale termo <strong>de</strong> olU1il.!i.!!C eetrutura.b engloba<<strong>br</strong> />
um certo número <strong>de</strong> tétnicu que tentam pllMar do nível<<strong>br</strong> />
atómleo da I.n~, II um Ilivlll molecular, c
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pertInente e tooUlldo, Dio é generaliúvel a<<strong>br</strong> />
toda a relação Individuo melo; (I pr6prio H. Raymond reeonh~que<<strong>br</strong> />
este cuo éparticul&rmente favorivcl ii. exploração<<strong>br</strong> />
<strong>de</strong> pare. bináriot. E, apesar <strong>de</strong> H. Lefebvrt! escrever<<strong>br</strong> />
... pmpÓ!lito ell.:<<strong>br</strong> />
estam,,", bem loa&e <strong>de</strong> um dicionirio geral <strong>de</strong> COl'1'Npon'<<strong>br</strong> />
dênola entre o .i$tema <strong>de</strong> .ignifl~ simbólicas, e o<<strong>br</strong> />
in~-el'!lO material. Mellmo que o campo <strong>de</strong> estudos so<strong>br</strong>e o<<strong>br</strong> />
mundo materlal lIe multiplique, não hã 3. certeza <strong>de</strong> que<<strong>br</strong> />
um tal diclontrio <strong>de</strong> ",laçio entl'e re~taçõea individuais<<strong>br</strong> />
e -.labl por um lido, e o melo f&leo elo homem, pelo<<strong>br</strong> />
outro, po5Ila exisur. b:o porque, ... ' .....iaçõe:o homens!<<strong>br</strong> />
/objectos vivld:. pelo :'omem fazem parte dcstu liDguagens<<strong>br</strong> />
cxtn=arn
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lIuma po
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O texto é dramalWulo a partir <strong>de</strong> um simbolo, a &l"Yon'.<<strong>br</strong> />
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~• ...., lIIe -'OC8 ....ur "'" <strong>de</strong> ~ ",""""<<strong>br</strong> />
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tapote ~ ..- o _ Il=' JmlIto, multo loIl,re ce hrtI ,.....-..<<strong>br</strong> />
1m .. _ _ \f1. _ .... maZI!II. aqulllte tIIeas entl'll a eltunçil.o<<strong>br</strong> />
(cond~ dlJ produção) na qual O eujeito.te eneontre.<<strong>br</strong> />
e as manlfestl;çlies semântiro-eintiietieu da superflel
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<strong>de</strong> anillse n.. ~as orientaçõca eonceptul.i$ ..<<strong>br</strong> />
-~.<<strong>br</strong> />
\. A I:XPLlcrrAÇ.I.O m: U3LA. ESTRtlTtIR.A.·<<strong>br</strong> />
o~DE PP.oDú'çAO\"j<<strong>br</strong> />
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jullto ôe ~) IJ <strong>de</strong>termin.a.do por:<<strong>br</strong> />
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n-se que R<<strong>br</strong> />
conbe-;am as coodições <strong>de</strong> produçio e o<<strong>br</strong> />
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<strong>de</strong>teo<strong>br</strong>ir por <strong>de</strong>t:ri..a das vwiaçôes <strong>de</strong> auperf1cle.<<strong>br</strong> />
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anilisc a.o mtsmo tempo stm4ntlea, Bintietleo e lógica.<<strong>br</strong> />
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<strong>de</strong> m.:ur.oa suaceptlveil< <strong>de</strong> tertrll~ neJ/8BS<<strong>br</strong> />
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<strong>de</strong> produçlo que esti. em jogo., lato porque é <strong>de</strong><<strong>br</strong> />
factO, 4Q mB$lDO .Iateo.a <strong>de</strong> representaçio que til! reiasereve<<strong>br</strong> />
através <strong>de</strong> varlarl~ Quo O repetem a par e puIIID>,<<strong>br</strong> />
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ou <strong>com</strong>o diJ; ainda Mo Pêeheux, -o mecanismo <strong>de</strong> um proceuo<<strong>br</strong> />
<strong>de</strong> produ~ão Ó Cll.ractcrlmdo pela repetição do Idêntico<<strong>br</strong> />
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