Task 2 - The nature of linguistics and language

Task 2 - The nature of linguistics and language
Teacher : Mangely Londoño
Student : Yazmin Pamo Camacho
Código: 1013649471
Grupo: 518017
Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia UNAD
Escuela de Ciencias de la Educación
Licenciado En Lenguas Extrajeras Con Énfasis En Ingles
Curse: Introduction to Linguistics
05/10/2020
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1.4 Phrases
1. Attribute
What does the quote tell you about their perspective on the study and analysis of
language?
The linguist Ferdinand de Saussure was mainly involved in historical, comparative natural
language.
Thanks to this author we can analyze that language has been involved in the history of
language, either by the simple fact of discovering the relationships that exist in languages, or
by the variation that exists between each language. He also introduced us to grammatical
forms, pronunciation, rules for word forms, for example: handling of nouns and verbs in
sentences, vocabulary, as it helps to learn the language that is being studied. .
I also led him to define linguistics as an introduction to linguistics as a study of language, that
is, language is a set of signs that are members of a system defined by their relationships with
each other. For example: We know what something means by knowing also what it does not
mean, that is to say in Spanish it is like saying the lake is near my house, but in English I
would not know how to say it.
The linguist Noam Chomsky reacted against certain theories about language and the
acceptance of other perspectives at the same time, that is to say the field of linguistics had only
undergone some changes to what we see today. The linguist Noam Chomsky was trained in
structuralist theory and structuralist analysis, he was not good enough to account for the
handling of syntax, especially the ability of syntax to generate an infinite number. This linguist
focused on the structuralism of speech, and used real data for his study analysis in large
quantities, he was able to collect several languages to analyze how the language worked, in
people and what was their behavior when listening to a language other than their own they
spoke. Speech patterns were seen as an example of behavioral behavior from the study of
human practices, such as language, the object of study is what can be openly observed and
described.
Chomsky's linguistics is seen as a revolution against behavior seen from language. For
example, the real use of language or interpretations, that is, it is the mental base of processes
that we carry out in our production of language, for example, how to know how to speak
taking into account the structures of grammatical forms, how to know how to use vocabulary ,
as we should think before we speak.
Linguist Michael Halliday became interested in the study of language because of its
own learning experiences, was driven by the need to solve particular problems in language
teaching, and explain the characteristics of the language to students, such as the relationship
between grammar and vocabulary.
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He also proposed to develop descriptions of language and its operation,
forming the foundations of systemic functional linguistics, Halliday was commissioned to
create methods and materials to aid school literacy. Halliday further explains that his early
works were influenced by (J. R. Firth), a linguist who drew attention to the relationship
between meaning and context.
On the other hand, the description of the language in this view must take into account the
context for which the language is used. Halliday paid attention to Saussure's project to focus
on both the syntagmatics and the paradigmatic dimensions of language, and this led Halliday
to propose a systemic framework of functional choices in his linguistic theory.
2. ‘Linguistics’ in Bauer, Laurie; “The Linguistic Student’s Handbook
answer the following question: why is Linguistics definitely considered a science?
Linguistics is considered a science because science could be understood as a synonym of
discipline or area of knowledge. In this way, philosophy, political science, historiography or
theory of literature read science, since they all constitute a series of methods, studies,
reflections and analyzes that have the purpose of reaching solid ideas, we could add the
proximity of the true.
There are good reasons to call linguistic science. For example, biological sciences, since
linguistics is concerned with observing and classifying naturally occurring phenomena. The
phenomena to be classified are:
sounds of speech, words, languages, and ways of using language to interact in society and the
behavior of human beings in their environment.
Since language manifests itself in human behavior, in linguistics one moves from observing
particular types of linguistic behavior through theories about how linguistic behavior, linguists
construct hypotheses about the structure of language and then testing those hypotheses using
experimentation.
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Double Articulation
In the field of Linguistics, the term double articulation was introduced by (André Martinet)
and refers to the way in which language is organized, thus distinguishing between two levels:
The first level is made up of the modem or linguistic signs.
The second level is to which the individual sounds that lack meaning and that form the
components of the first level belong.
Thus, we have the sequence ser of the first level and the elements (/ s / / e /, / r /) of the second
level, which, combined in a different way, give rise to a different sign.
On the other hand, there are minimal units with meaning called morphemes, which will be
possible later division into other even smaller units, the phonemes.
The double articulation of language makes it possible that, with a small number of units,
infinite messages are built, even those never emitted or heard before.
In addition to phonemes, accent and intonation also have the ability to differentiate meanings,
as for example occurs in (/ bebe / and / baby). Or also in the words (go, fence) that are used in
different ways.
Human language is different from other semiotic systems, explain at least three
characteristics, that according to Linguistics, are unique to human language.
Semiology or semiotics is the science derived from philosophy that deals with communication
systems within human societies, studying the general properties of sign systems, as a basis for
understanding all human activity. Here, a sign is understood as a present object or event that is
instead of another absent object or event, by virtue of a certain code.
These dimensions give rise to homonymous disciplines that govern the relationships between
sign and designated thing: semantics; relationships between signs: the syntax; and between
signs and their conditions of use: pragmatics. From the dimensions, the phenomena, objects
and systems of meaning, languages and discourses in different languages are analyzed as
processes associated with production and interpretation.
The first sketch is the Semiology of Communication, a current framed in saussurofunctionalism
that proposed to study the conventionalized non-verbal sign systems, whose
function was to communicate. In other words, communication systems different from the
natural language.
Among these regularities are his analysis of three types of evidence:
Qualifying
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Decisive
Glorifying
Semiology is the science that studies sign systems: codes, languages, signs, among others.
This definition covers all sign systems: deaf sign languages, traffic signs, codes, Morse
alphabet, etc.
We live in a world of signs, therefore Semiology is essential to establish the difference
between terms that are used interchangeably as a sign, index, icon, symbol, signal. When a
person wants to communicate, he uses some form to be able to express himself, taking as a
reference the form of expression understandable by others such as: making gestures, writing,
speaking, drawing, etc., therefore the sign, gesture, expression, that he wants to transmit it is
called a referent, while the interpretation of the recipient of the message is called
representation.
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References:
Bloor, Thomas and Bloor, Meriel (2004) The Functional Analysis of English. Second
Edition. London: Arnold. Chafe, Wallace (1994) Discourse, Consciousness, and Time:
The Flow and Displacement of Conscious Experience in Speaking and Writing.
Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Chomsky, Noam A. (1965) Aspects of the
Theory of Syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Lass, Roger (1976). English Phonology and Phonological Theory. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press. Turing, Alan M. (1950). Computing machinery and
intelligence. Mind 59: 433–60.
http://www.culturalresuena.es/2017/03/la-linguistica-una-ciencia/
Ostalé, Julio. ¿ Semiótica o Semiología? Algo más que una cuestión terminológica (en
inglés). Consultado el 14 de marzo de 2020.
Eco, Umberto. (2015). Tratado de semiótica general.
Debolsillo. ISBN 9786073129398. OCLC 953626199. Consultado el 12 de octubre de
2019.
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