Finnish Academy of Science and Letters, Year Book 2022

Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia

Finnish Academy of Science and Letters

Academia Scientiarum Fennica

Mariankatu 5 A, FIN–00170 Helsinki, Finland

e-mail acadsci@acadsci.fi

www.acadsci.fi

Vuosikirja – Year Book 2022

Editor Pekka Aula

Managing editor Nina Rapelo

Layout Werklig

This Year Book is also accessible on the Internet: www.acadsci.fi

Hermes, 2023

ISSN-L 0356-6927

ISSN 0356-6927 (print)

ISSN 1799-0297 (online)

ISBN 978-951-41-1185-3 (pint)

ISBN 978-951-41-1186-0 (online)

2022

Contents

6

GREETINGS

28

ACTIVITIES

8

12

Kimmo Kaski

Greeting from the President

The usefulness of useless knowledge

Pekka Aula

Greeting from the Secretary General

Dear members of the Finnish

Academy of Science and Letters

30

34

52

Honorary Members

Marjatta Hietala

Bengt Holmström

Risto Nieminen

Annual report of the Finnish

Academy of Science and Letters

Grants

16

AWARDS AND PRIZES

Academy Award

18

Sirpa Jalkanen

Eino Jutikkala History Prize

20

Jari Eloranta

Prize for the Humanities

22

Carita Kiili

Väisälä Prize

24

26

Vesa Julin

Katrianne Lehtipalo

4 ACADEMIA SCIENTIARUM FENNICA 2022

62

PUBLICATIONS

104

OBITUARIES

64

66

68

68

69

70

97

Publications 2022

MEMBERS

Honorary members

Presidents since 1981

Subject groups

Finnish members

External members

106

108

110

112

113

115

117

119

122

124

126

128

130

132

135

139

141

145

147

148

150

153

Antti Ahlström

Risto Alapuro

Henry Bacon

Lauri Eskola

Eero Holopainen

Veli-Pekka Järveläinen

Juhani Kakkuri

Aarne Kinnunen

Simo Knuuttila

Heikki Leskinen

Jaakko Nousiainen

Heikki Palva

Markus Pessa

Kalevi Pihlaja

Tuomo Polvinen

Olavi Riihinen

Rauno Ruuhijärvi

Hannu Saloniemi

Olli Tammi

Aimo Tietäväinen

Peter Tigerstedt

Päiviö Tommila

ACADEMIA SCIENTIARUM FENNICA 2022 5

GREETINGS

JOHDANTO:

Yksi For the Tiedeakatemian benefit of science, uudistumisen

for the good perusedellytyksiä of society oli

sääntöjen 2022 nykyaikaistaminen.

Sääntöuudistustyöryhmän

lisäksi Tiedeakatemian

ryhmäuudistus- ja apurahauudistustyöryhmät

pohtivat

uusia käytäntöjä tavoitteiden

saavuttamiseksi.

ACADEMIA SCIENTIARUM FENNICA 2022

7

Kimmo Kaski

The usefulness of

useless knowledge

Greeting from the President

2022, with its conflicts and other events,

proved to be momentous in many ways. It

gave rise to a geo- and security-political,

economic, technological and, as a consequence,

cultural and social disruption and a

polarizing change in the world order. These

events raised people’s crisis awareness of

other global and interlinked challenges,

such as population growth and loss of biodiversity,

climate change, carbon neutrality,

energy sufficiency and the potential of biotechnology,

as well as of the possibilities,

fears and regulation of digitalization, automation

and artificial intelligence.

Martin Rees writes about these farreaching

challenges that are central for sustainable

development in his recent book If

Science is to Save Us. To put it briefly, his

answer is this: nothing but Science and the

new knowledge and understanding it generates

can help us find solutions to challenges

as complex as these. Rees also points

out that scientists have a duty to promote

useful applications of their research and to

warn of their potential downsides. The

same view of the necessity of basic scientific

research for development was

expressed by Abraham Flexner, the first

Director of the Princeton Institute of

Advanced Study, in his 1939 essay The Usefulness

of Useless Knowledge, which contains

a discussion he had with G. Eastman,

the founder of Kodak:

“I ventured to ask him whom he

regarded as the most useful worker in science

in the world. He replied instantaneously:

‘Marconi.’ I surprised him by saying,

‘Whatever pleasure we derive from the

radio, or however wireless and the radio

may have added to human life, Marconi’s

share was practically negligible. The real

credit for everything that has been done in

the field of wireless belongs to Professor

Clerk Maxwell and his research in the field

of magnetism and electricity in the 1860s.’”

As has become customary recently, I

asked ChatGPT about the benefits and

value of science. I think that the answer it

gave was quite correct: “The benefits of science

refer to how science helps people


solve problems and improve their quality of

life. This may include, for example, advances

in medicine and technology and the protection

of the environment. The value of science

refers to why science is important for

the development of humanity. This may

include, for example, increasing knowledge

about the world and how it works, increasing

people’s understanding of themselves

and the world around them, and laying the

scientific foundation for future technologies

and innovations.” My answer is that science

has always possessed a timeless intrinsic

value, but often also an instrumental value

tied to time – in other words, benefits.

The central role of scientific research in

building a nation’s welfare was articulated in

Nothing but Science and

the new knowledge and

understanding it generates

can help us find

solutions to complex

challenges

1945 by Vannevar Bush, science advisor to

US President F. D. Roosevelt, in his memo

Science: the Endless Frontier. In his memo, he

emphasized the role of Research as a growing

reservoir of knowledge and expertise

that inevitably leads to Development and

Innovation. In other words, he saw RDI as a

chain where D and I cannot exist without R.

As in the above example about Maxwell and

Marconi, the time frame during which R

becomes D and I (or when it turns into benefits)

is difficult to predict, but it always generates

intrinsic value in the form of new

knowledge and expertise.

I have been delighted to see that the Parliamentary

Working Group on Research,

Development and Innovation has recognized

the value and benefits of new scientific

knowledge and expertise when it proposed

to increase R&D funding to 4% of GDP by

2030. In addition, the new funding law and

the planning period of R&D funding that

extends beyond the framework period make

us confident about the future. The new government

has promised to deliver on this

excellent promise. It is particularly important

now, at the turning points of our living

and working environments, in times of

upheaval and crisis, as the COVID-19 pandemic

already showed us. This project has all

the ingredients for success, just as long as we

remember that the reservoir of new knowledge,

understanding and expertise generated

by long-term scientific research based on

curiosity is the basis for development and

innovation in various sectors of society and

the engine of prosperity. As an independent

operator in the field of general science and a

promoter of basic scientific research, the

Finnish Academy of Science and Letters is

ready to make the RDI promise a reality

together with various parties.

Over the past few years, the Academy has

expanded its operations to become a visible

and influential actor, both nationally and

internationally, “For the benefit of science –

for the good of society”. I would like to highlight

two societally important initiatives that

draw on the deep and wide-ranging scientific

expertise of our members: 1) promoting

interaction between science and decisionmaking,

and 2) the History of Science in Finland

project.

Since its foundation, one of the Academy’s

main tasks has been, and continues to

be, the promotion of research-based decision-making.

In recent years, we have worked


with ministries to strengthen the dialogue

between science and decision-making on

both sides. The Prime Minister’s Office has

been our key partner in this. We have

worked together with the Office to establish

science panels and organize dialogues to

support the ministries’ foresight work. At

the beginning of this year, by the request of

the Prime Minister’s Office, we carried out

an extensive review of the effects of Russia’s

war of aggression against Ukraine on Finnish

society, including assessments by

researchers. It will be utilized in the government

negotiations and in the work of the

future government. There is also an international

demand for this kind of expertise,

including in the UN.

The aim of the independent History of

Science in Finland project is to produce a

structured overview of the field of Finnish

science and its changes over time. What is

unique about this project is that it makes

extensive use of scientists’ oral history and

personal narratives. The project involves

the collection of oral history, which was

organized by the Finnish Literature Society

and the Society of Swedish Literature in

Finland together with the Finnish Academy

of Science and Letters, the Finnish

Society of Sciences and Letters, the Federation

of Finnish Learned Societies, the

National Archives of Finland and the Finnish

Historical Society. We call this project

the Kalevala of Finnish Science, and I hope

that all members will participate in the collection

of oral history and share their views

on the development of their own scientific

discipline.

Other recent developments at the Academy

include the overall reform of scientific

publishing in the form of Annales Academiae

Scientiarum Fennicae, a journal covering

all scientific disciplines, of which the second

issue has just been published. Another

development worth mentioning is the independent

Young Academy Finland operating

within the Finnish Academy of Science and

Letters, and in particular its “Meet a

Researcher” service for Finnish schools,

which has turned out to be a great success.

The Finnish Academy of Science and Letters

will continue to develop and strengthen

the impact of the above-mentioned initiatives

and activities for the benefit of the scientific

community and its members, and for

the good of society.

20 June 2023

Kimmo Kaski

The title is a quote from

the title of Abraham Flexner’s essay

“The Usefulness of Useless Knowledge”


Pekka Aula

Dear members of the

Finnish Academy of

Science and Letters

Greeting from the Secretary General

2022 was a very active and significant year

for the Finnish Academy of Science and

Letters. On behalf of myself and the entire

management and staff of the Academy, I

would like to express my heartfelt thanks to

all of you for your participation and commitment.

Last year, by conservative estimates,

well over a hundred members

actively participated in the Academy’s activities.

This is a large number, and it is proof

of the Academy’s sense of community and

commitment to promoting valuable science.

This is something we can all be proud of.

First of all, I would like to thank each

and every one of you who have worked in

the various committees. The hard work

and expertise of the Selection Committees,

the Publications Committee and other

committees is essential if we want to continue

to do our best and to support science.

The work of the committees is an essential

part of the Academy’s operations, and your

contribution is important.

Secondly, I am grateful to all of you

who have participated in our events and

activities, either on-site or remotely. We

believe that our wide range of events provides

important platforms for promoting

science, sharing information, networking

and dialogue. Various events, such as theme

nights, are also valuable opportunities to

highlight and discuss the current challenges

and opportunities facing our scientific

community.

Thirdly, I would like to express my gratitude

to our members who have represented

the Finnish Academy of Science and

Letters in various national and international

scientific organizations and other

communities. This is very important work.

It strengthens our position in the Finnish

and international scientific community

and helps us cooperate with other actors.

I would also like to mention those who

have been involved in the various science

advice projects. This work is critical to

making science visible, effective, and heard

in society. Making cutting-edge science

and scientific knowledge a part of decisionmaking

and social debate is especially


important. The science advice projects play

an important role in ensuring this.

I also want to thank all the experts who

have been involved in the evaluation of

grant applications. This evaluation work

has once again been excellent, and the


can be sure that the approved projects have

been feasible and of high quality, focusing

on important and meaningful topics in the

fields of mathematics, natural sciences and

the humanities.

Participation is important for our community,

for science and for the entire society.

A vibrant science academy is made of

active members. Everyone’s contribution,

large or small, is important and valued.

That is why we want to offer our members

different opportunities to spend time

together and make a difference. One of

these opportunities is the new Science

Matinee (Tiedematinea), a discussion

event for our members. Simply put, the

idea of the Science Matinees, held in Mariankatu,

is this: you propose the topic and

the speakers to be invited, and we handle

the rest.

Once again, I would like to thank you

all for your contribution and commitment.

Together, we can continue our important

work for the benefit of science and for the

good of society.

22 June 2023

With heartfelt thanks,

Pekka Aula


Secretary General Pekka Aula presented the 2022 annual

report of the Finnish Academy of Science and Letters at the

Spring Meeting at the Old Student House in April 2023.

AWARDS

AND PRIZES

The Academy awards prizes

each year to both experienced

scholars in recognition of their

life’s work and researchers at

an early stage in their career

who have already achieved

international reputation.


17

ACADEMY AWARD

Sirpa Jalkanen

Academician Sirpa Jalkanen is among the

leading researchers of the migration mechanisms

of immune cells in the world. In

recognition of her scientific career, the


awarded her the Academy Award. The

award sum is 30 000 euros.

Sirpa Jalkanen graduated as a doctor

from the University of Turku in 1979. Jalkanen

became a researcher by happenstance:

“I was never supposed to become a

researcher, but fate will lead you places if

you let it. Having completed his dissertation,

my husband announced he was going

to Stanford. My only real option was to

leave my work at the children’s clinic and

squeeze out a dissertation to find work at

Stanford. By chance, I ended up working in

a laboratory where they had just discovered

the first molecule that controls leukocyte

trafficking in mice. This was an extremely

important discovery, as leukocyte trafficking

is the cornerstone of our defense mechanism.”

After she returned to Finland, Jalkanen

decided to continue her career as a

researcher, focusing on cell trafficking in

terms of harmful inflammation and cancer.

Jalkanen earned her doctorate in medicine

and surgery in 1983.

Sirpa Jalkanen has worked as a Professor

of Immunology at the University of Turku

since 2007, and as an Academy Professor for

three terms in 1996–2018. She has worked

as the head of a Centre of Excellence of the

Academy of Finland twice.

Jalkanen searches for and examines molecules

that regulate the immune defense

system and particularly its cell trafficking,

which could be used in the development of

medicines for harmful inflammations and

cancers. The body’s ability to fight against

inflammatory disorders when the entire

body is affected by inflammation as a result

of the Covid-19 virus, for example, is largely

dependent on the ability of the inflammatory

cells to migrate to the site of inflammation.

The migration of inflammatory cells is

also highly significant in terms of the body’s

natural ability to prevent the spread of cancers.

The results of the research conducted

by Jalkanen and her team have revealed

numerous previously unknown mechanisms

that are crucial to the human inflammatory

response. The results have also been


”The excitement of

the search and the

thrill of discovery

are the best parts”

Kuva: Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx

used as the basis for the development of several

new possible treatments for inflammatory

disorders and cancer.

Research still remains captivating: “The

excitement of the search and the thrill of

discovery are the best parts. By nature, I am

curious and tenacious. These are qualities

that are necessary for new discoveries,

which are often possible only through trial

and error.”

In addition to her substantial academic

achievements, Sirpa Jalkanen is also a

highly active innovator, who has also been

involved in setting up various listed biotech

companies. During her career, Jalkanen

has been awarded with several prizes

and recognitions. She has, for example,

received the Anders Jahre Senior Medical

Prize for 2005 and the Finnish Medical

Society Duodecim’s Matti Äyräpää Prize in

2008. She is also a member of the Norwegian

Academy of Science and Letters and

Academia Europaea. Sirpa Jalkanen was

invited to join the Finnish Academy of Science

and Letters in 1998, and she served as

President of the Academy in 2010–2012.

Jalkanen was awarded the honorary title of

Academician of Science in 2015.

Jalkanen holds numerous national and

international positions in both scientific

organizations and foundations that fund

scientific activities. She is also known as an

outspoken advocate for science policy.

In addition to research, Jalkanen has

contributed actively to the training of

future generations of researchers and participated

in the general teaching activities

of the medical faculty throughout her

career. “At this stage of my career, my most

important role is in supporting younger

researchers through all available means by

utilizing my extensive networks. At present,

I am the Director of the Finnish Flagship

Programme InFLAMES, which aims

to develop advanced immunological

research further in order to improve diagnostics

and develop new medicines and

treatments. Well-informed and effective

management of InFLAMES is very important

to me at the moment”, Jalkanen says.


EINO JUTIKKALA HISTORY PRIZE

Jari Eloranta

The 2022 Eino Jutikkala History Prize was

awarded to Professor Jari Eloranta. The prize

in the amount of 15 000 euros is awarded

every three years for distinguished scholarly

work in the field of historical research.

Professor Jari Eloranta is the internationally

most renowned Finnish economic

historian. His most prominent research

themes pertain to the history of the security

of supply and the history of welfare

states, and he is indisputably one of the

best-known researchers engaged in the historical

analysis of defense expenditure in

the world today.

Jari Eloranta has forged an international

career as a researcher. He graduated

as a licentiate from the University of

Jyväskylä, and then transferred to the

European University Institute in Florence,

where he earned his doctorate in 2002.

After Italy, Eloranta moved to Great Britain

to work as a post-doctoral researcher at

the University of Warwick. From Great

Britain, he continued to the United States

and the Appalachian State University in

North Carolina, where he advanced rapidly

and impressively through the tenure track.

In 2018, Eloranta returned to Finland

as the Professor of Economic and Social

History at the University of Helsinki – the

same professorship that was first held by

Eino Jutikkala.

Eloranta has taken an exceptionally

active role in international organizations

and adopted a prominent position in

advancing research and training in the sector.

At the same time, he has continued to

network extensively: Eloranta is known to

everyone in his field.

Eloranta’s defining strength is his

comparative approach to research: instead

of focusing on a single country, he compares

phenomena within a group of countries,

typically over the longer term. Eloranta

is a prominent figure in quantitative

historical research, and he has also

worked hard to promote quantitative

methods in his Finnish publications.

With this, he has furthered the breakthrough

of quantitative methods in Finnish

historical research as a researcher and

a teacher.

Through his professorships, Eloranta

has contributed significantly to the devel-


”How did Finland

become a society

with a high level of

welfare and trust?”


opment of economic history education in

both the United States and Finland. He

has, for example, taught both economic

history students and history students on

the use of quantitative methods in several

Finnish universities. Eloranta is a wellliked

teacher, and he is the second European

to receive the Teaching Award of the

Economy History Association.

“The passing of information and expertise

to students in different forms is one of

the best parts of science. I have always

invested greatly in the direction and mentoring

of students. I received excellent

guidance and teaching myself, and I consider

it a key element of any scientific activity”,

Eloranta says. “The greatest moments

are those where one of my mentees

achieves great success. Of course, I have

also enjoyed having articles published in

top international journals, receiving funding

for projects, and the various recognitions

and specialist assignments.

Jari Eloranta has been exceptionally

active in international organizations in the

field, published his research in major economic

history journals, and headed numerous

extensive research projects. He also

does not shy away from public debate.

Eloranta has a clear idea of his future

research topics:

“I am particularly interested in the longterm

economic, social, and political change

in a country such as Finland over centuries.

How did we become a society with a high

level of welfare and trust? This question will

continue to keep researchers busy in the

future. I also want to continue researching

the impact of crises and conflicts, which still

remains a highly topical subject.”

Jari Eloranta was invited to join the Finnish

Academy of Science and Letters in 2020.

Photo: Maarit Kytöharju


PRIZE FOR THE HUMANITIES

Carita Kiili

The Prize for the Humanities is awarded to

a scholar of humanistic sciences in the

beginning of their career, who has already

earned international renown. Prize for the

Humanities is worth 15,000 euros.

Carita Kiili earned her doctorate in

education at the University of Jyväskylä in

2012. Her dissertation Online Reading as

an Individual and Social Practice examined

the way upper secondary school students

search for, evaluate, and process information

online when writing a paper by themselves

or with a partner.

At present, Kiili is working as an Academy

Research Fellow and an Assistant Professor

on the first level of the tenure track

at the University of Tampere. She is also a

Docent of the Faculty of Education at the

University of Lapland with a particular

focus on digital literacy. Before moving to

the University of Tampere, Kiili worked as

a University Researcher at the Universities

of Jyväskylä and Oslo.

“I became a researcher because working

on my thesis sparked an interest in

research. Even though I spent several years

working in other areas, this interest never

faded. I did my thesis on reading strategies

used for foreign languages. I was interested

in reading research, and eventually I

became an online literacy researcher”,

Carita Kiili says.

Kiili’s research has focused on digital

literacy and its improvement. She has

examined exploratory online reading, the

critical evaluation of online texts, and multimodal

literacy. Kiili’s five-year (2020–

2024) Academy Research Fellow project

“Educating Critical Online Readers” is

studying the skills that comprise critical

online reading and developing methods

that could be used to assess and support

critical online literacy.

Kiili takes part of the work carried out

at the University of Tampere as part of the

CRITICAL project, which aims to develop

technological and social innovations for the

development of critical literacy in the online

in the age of the Internet. The team led by

Kiili is examining how pupils and students


”The great thing

about research is

the fact that the

researchers are

genuinely interested

in their work”


of different ages are able to evaluate the reliability

of various online texts. This research

will be used to develop teacher training further.

Based on her research, Kiili is also

developing educational materials and methods

to support digital literacy, and she has

taken an active role in national and international

work on literacy.

Kiili is also leading a subproject at the

University of Tampere that is part of the

international “Empowering Schools in

Self-regulation of Media and Information

Literary Processes” project funded by the

European Media and Information Fund,

and she is the head of the Educating for

Future Literacies Research Group (EduLit)

at the University of Tampere.

“Scientific activities often comprise

inspiring elements. The development of

new ideas is one of the most important of

such elements, whether related to a new

idea for research or smaller insights that

may occur in different stages of research.

The great thing about research is the fact

that the researchers are genuinely interested

in their work. I am also inspired

when teachers tell us that they find our

research or the teaching methods and

materials we have developed beneficial”,

Kiili says.

”My goal in the future is to strengthen

the activities of our EduLit research group

such that we are able to conduct effective

and long-term research together with our

international partners. Our goals include,

among other things, the development of

research-led teaching of critical online

reading and the related teacher training.”


VÄISÄLÄ PRIZE

Vesa Julin

Väisälä Prizes are awarded annually to distinguished

scientists in mathematics and

science who are in the active part of their

careers. The prizes are worth 15,000 euros.

Mathematician Vesa Julin earned his

Ph.D. in mathematics in 2010. Even before

the completion of his dissertation, Julin

worked as a visiting researcher at the University

of California, Berkeley, and his

postdoctoral career continued as a

researcher at the University of Naples. Julin

worked as a Postdoctoral Researcher

funded by the Academy of Finland in

2013–2016 and as an Academy Research

Fellow in 2017–2022. Since 2020, Julin

has worked as an Assistant Professor in the

Department of Mathematics and Statistics

at the University of Jyväskylä.

“Chance has played a large part in my

career. I had plans to head to Germany

after the completion of my dissertation

when I happened to see a lecture on isoperimetric

inequalities by the Italian mathematician

Nicola Fusco. His fierce passion

for mathematics and cast-iron professionalism

made a great impression on me. And

as a postdoctoral position happened to be

available in Fusco’s research team in

Naples, I did not hesitate for a moment”,

Julin says.

Vesa Julin’s research project funded by

the Academy of Finland pertains to partial

differential equations, variational calculus,

and geometric measure theory. His

research focuses on the existence, regularity,

and stability theories. Julin studies geometric

equations that can, for example, be

used to examine a drop of water in zero

gravity. If the drop is not affected by external

forces, it remains spherical, but if it is

disturbed by an external force, it will begin

to vibrate irregularly and may break up

into smaller droplets. This is a question of

stability that relates to an isoperimetric

problem, which could, in addition to mathematics,

have applications in material sciences

as well, for example.

“Creative problem-solving is key in the

field. The problems are challenging and

finding solutions to them feels great. Solv-


”The problems are

challenging and

finding solutions to

them feels great”


ing problems with other scientists is the

greatest”, Vesa Julin sums up. “The work is

also international. At the moment, my

partners in all my projects are located outside

of Finland.”

Vesa Julin’s research has achieved substantial

international recognition. He has

contributed to approximately 30 research

papers, most of which have been published

in leading mathematical journals. Julin’s

research creates links between mathematical

analysis and geometry.

“The Prize gives me confidence to continue

my research. I dream of writing the

perfect article that would be remembered

for years to come.”


VÄISÄLÄN PALKINTO

Katrianne Lehtipalo

Väisälä Prizes are awarded annually to distinguished

scientists in mathematics and

science who are in the active part of their

careers. The prizes are worth 15,000 euros.

The research of physicist Katrianne

Lehtipalo focuses on the measurement of

nano particles and particle creation processes

in the atmosphere. Lehtipalo earned

her doctorate in aerosol physics at the University

of Helsinki in 2011, after which she

worked as a postdoctoral researcher at the

University of Helsinki and a visiting

researcher at the Paul Scherrer Institute in

Switzerland. Since 2018, Lehtipalo has

worked as an Assistant Professor on the

Associate Professor level at the Institute

for Atmospheric and Earth System

Research (INAR) at the University of Helsinki

and the Finnish Meteorological Institute.

Her work is related to the development

of the European infrastructure for

atmospheric research, which includes the

design of international field measurement

campaigns and the related management

and training.

Lehtipalo is leading the work carried out

in Finland as part of a series of aerosol physics

and atmospheric chemistry tests conducted

by the European Organization for

Nuclear Research CERN, which are used to

study the creation, growth, and dynamics of

aerosol particles in order to understand and

combat climate change. Among Lehtipalo’s

major research achievements, her key contributions

to the development of measuring

instruments and analysis methods, especially

with regard to the observation of

small 1–5 nanometer aerosol particles and

understanding their physics and dynamics,

are worth mentioning.

“With atmospheric science and aerosol

physics, I am particularly motivated by the

fact that the research focuses on natural

phenomena that can be measured in concrete

terms, and which also are of largescale

importance to the society. Aerosol

particles are directly linked with air quality

and climate issues”, Lehtipalo says.

“I want to contribute to the production

of relevant and reliable data and the


”Aerosol particles

are directly linked

with air quality and

climate issues”


scientific understanding that is needed to

support air quality and climate action. I

dream of a world where we realize how

valuable clean air is and act accordingly.”

Katrianne Lehtipalo is a highly prolific

researcher and has published 130 scientific

articles. Her articles have been published

in several top climate science journals,

as well as in leading multidisciplinary

science journals such as Nature and

Science.

“It is a great honor to receive the

Väisälä Prize. I work hard for the scientific

and work community and for education

and the mentees, so I feel that the prize is

also a recognition of this work instead of

just individual scientific achievements”,

Lehtipalo says delightedly.


ACTIVITIES

The Academy is committed

to supporting high-quality

research, improving the

esteem in which academic

work is held and increasing

scholars’ interaction with

each other and with society

at large.


29

Honorary Members

Distinguished scientists and academics or

patrons of science may be invited to join

the Finnish Academy of Science and Letters

as honorary members. The first honorary

members were elected in 1910.

In 2022 the Finnish Academy of Science

and Letters has elected three new

honorary members: Professor Marjatta

Hietala, Professor Bengt Holmström, and

Academician Risto Nieminen.

MARJATTA HIETALA

Professor Marjatta Hietala is a pre-eminent

Finnish historian. During her long career,

she has been an exceptionally active international

researcher and a tireless defender

of science.

Having earned her doctorate at the

University of Helsinki in 1976, Hietala first

worked as an Assistant Professor at the

University of Helsinki and as a researcher

for the Academy of Finland, then continuing

to the University of Joensuu in 1994,

where she worked as a Professor of General

History. Hietala was a Professor of General

History at the Tampere University in

1996–2011, serving as an Academy Professor

for a five-year term during that time.

She has also held numerous domestic and

international positions.

Professor Hietala’s research has focused

on a versatile range of subjects, including

urban history, intellectual history, and cultural

history in particular. Hietala has led

several extensive research projects and

supervised numerous doctoral dissertations.

Research projects led by her have focused

on, among other things, the eugenics movement,

memory of war, urban history, and

the history of the diffusion of innovations.

She has also contributed to the development

of historical research methods and published

several methodology guides.

In her international assignments, Professor

Hietala has exported Finnish historical

research to the world. For example, she

served as the President of the International

Committee of Historical Sciences as the


Distinguished scientists and academics or

patrons of science may be invited to join the

Finnish Academy of Science and Letters as

honorary members. The first honorary members

were elected in 1910.

first, and so far the only, woman to do so.

Professor Hietala has served in various

demanding positions in science and education

administration including the Academy

of Finland, the Matriculation Examination

Board, various committees and working

groups, and numerous foundations.

Professor Hietala was invited to join the

Finnish Academy of Science and Letters in

1997.

BENGT HOLMSTRÖM

Professor Bengt Holmström is a microeconomic

theorist, whose theoretical research

has a clear link with practical issues.

After receiving his bachelor’s degree in

mathematics and science from the University

of Helsinki in 1972, Holmström transferred

to Stanford University, where he

earned his Ph.D. in economics in 1978.

Holmström worked as a Professor of Economics

first at Northwestern University

and then Yale University as well as Hanken

School of Economics. Since 1994, Holmström

has worked as Paul A. Samuelson

Professor of Economics at the Massachusetts

Institute of Technology, heading the

department in 2003–2006, as well as at the

Sloan School of Management.

In his research, Bengt Holmström has

focused particularly on the construction of

contracts in the presence of information


asymmetry and the application of contract

theory in the analysis of companies and

organizations. His work has centered on

corporate incentivization systems, such as

performance-related pay, and expanded

the research to include situations where

employees have multiple simultaneous

tasks – i.e. multitasking – and companies

use incentives other than financial instruments

as well. Holmström has also examined

financial systems, including the supply

and demand of liquidity and their connection

to financial crises.

For his extensive achievements as a

researcher, Bengt Holmström has received

several honorary doctorates. He has also

been awarded various economic and financial

prizes. In 2016, Holmström became

the first Finnish recipient of the Nobel

Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences

together with Oliver Hart. The Prize was

awarded for their contributions to contract

theory.

In addition to his academic career,

Holmström has served in various positions

in Finnish companies and organizations.

Holmström has contributed actively to

economic policy debate in Finland and

taken part in several expert groups that

issue recommendations to policymakers.

Holmström has been invited to join the

American Academy of Arts and Sciences,

the Econometric Society, and the American

Finance Association. He is also a foreign

member of the Royal Swedish Academy

of Sciences and the Finnish Society of

Sciences and Letters. Holmström was

elected as external member of the Finnish


RISTO NIEMINEN

Academician Risto Nieminen is considered

a pioneer and trailblazer in the application

of nanoscience and materials physics

within scientific research.

Nieminen is a Distinguished Professor

Emeritus at the Department of Applied

Physics at Aalto University. In 2010, Nieminen

was appointed as the first Aalto Distinguished

Professor of Aalto University.

He has also served as the Dean of the

School of Science of Aalto University and

as a member of the Aalto Management

Team.

Nieminen became a Doctor of Technology

in 1975, earning his doctorate at the

Helsinki University of Technology. He

served as an Academy Professor in 1997–


2008. Nieminen was the head of the Centre

of Excellence in Computational Nanoscience

(COMP) in 2000–2013, and he

was also part of the team that founded the

unit.

Risto Nieminen has specialized in computational

methods of materials physics,

including the modeling of materials in particular,

computer simulations, and high

performance computing methods, in

which fields he has published more than

500 scientific papers.

Nieminen has held numerous scientific

positions in major universities and research

centers both domestically and internationally,

particularly the Helsinki University of

Technology and later Aalto University, the

Finnish IT center for science and the Nordic

Institute for Theoretical Physics in

Denmark and Sweden, Cornell University

in the United States, and Cambridge University

in England. At the age of 30, Nieminen

became the youngest Assistant Professor

appointed at the University of

Jyväskylä.

In 2013, Nieminen received an honorary

prize from the Jenny and Antti Wihuri

Foundation as an acknowledgement for his

remarkable merits in scientific research

and contributions to Finnish science. He

was also named Professor of the Year in

2003 by the Finnish Union of University

Professors as a versatile representative of

his profession, a leading international

researcher and teacher, and an advocate for

science policy. Throughout his career,

Nieminen has emphasized the importance

of communication on science.

Professor Nieminen received the honorary

title of Academician of Science in

2014. He was elected to the National Academy

of Sciences (NAS) as an International

Member in 2018.

The Finnish Academy of Science and

Letters elected Risto Nieminen in 1984.

Nieminen served one term as the President

of the Board of the Finnish Academy

of Science and Letters in 2018–2019. In

2019–2021, he served as the Chief Executive

Director of Sofi – Science Advice Initiative

of Finland, a joint venture of the

four Finnish science academies that was

funded by the Ministry of Education and

Culture.


Annual report

of the Finnish Academy

of Science and Letters

GOVERNING BOARD AND

SECRETARY GENERAL

The year 2022 was the 115th year of operation

of the Finnish Academy of Science

and Letters. The President of the Governing

Board of the Academy in 2022 was

Kimmo Kaski and the Vice President was

Tuula Linna. Pekka Ilmakunnas continued

as Treasurer and Juha Kinnunen as

Secretary of the Section of Science. Päivi

Pahta was elected Secretary of the Section

of Humanities until the end of the 2019–

2023 term. The ordinary members were

Johanna Mappes, Jari Ojala, Heta

Pyrhönen and Jukka Westermarck. The

Governing Board held 9 meetings and

one consultation by email during the year.

Pekka Aula continued as Secretary General.

The members of the Governing Board

served during the year as trustees of the

Emil Öhmann Foundation and the Hilkka

and Otto Brusiin Foundation.

The compositions of the committees

and working groups set up by the Governing

Board were as follows:

• Property Management Committee:

Kimmo Kaski (chairman), Tuula

Linna, Pekka Ilmakunnas, Pekka Aula,

Juha Kinnunen, Päivi Pahta, and

expert advisory members Anders

Ekholm and Ralf Sunell. The secretary

was Pekka Ilmakunnas.

• Prizes Committee: Kimmo Kaski

(chairman), Juha Kinnunen, Päivi

Pahta, Johanna Mappes, Jari Ojala and

Jukka Westermarck. The committee’s

secretary was Leila Sarajärvi.

• Publications Committee: Risto

Nieminen (chairman), Anna Mauranen

(vice chairman), Secretary

General Pekka Aula, Kimmo Kaski,

Heta Pyrhönen, Jari Eloranta, Jaakko

Husa, Päivi Pahta, Tapio Salmi, Hannu

Sariola and Erkki Tomppo.

• Ethics Committee: Tuula Linna and

Juha Kinnunen. The committee’s

secretary was Leila Sarajärvi.

• The trustees of the Emil Aaltonen Fund

were Pekka Ilmakunnas, Kimmo Kaski

and the Secretary General, together with

Olavi Nevanlinna, representing the Emil

Aaltonen Foundation.


In 2022, the Board of the Finnish Academy of Science and

Letters met at the premises of the Academy in Mariankatu.

The members of the Selection Committee

for the Section of the Humanities

up until the Autumn Meeting 2022 were

Heikki Halila, Marja-Liisa Helasvuo, Anne

Kovalainen, Marja-Kristiina Lerkkanen,

Outi Merisalo, Pirjo Markkola, Martti

Nissinen (chairman) and Sirkka Saarinen.

Helasvuo and Merisalo stepped down in

the Autumn Meeting and Tuomas Forsberg

and Minna Palander-Collin were

elected as new members of the Selection

Committee.

The members of the Selection Committee

for the Section of Science up until

the Autumn Meeting 2022 were Kari

Enqvist, Jyrki Heino, Juha Kere (chairman),

Jouko Korppi-Tommola, Ilkka Norros, Asla

Pitkänen, Kaisa Poutanen and Kristiina

Wähälä. Kere and Pitkänen stepped down

in the Autumn Meeting and Olli Ikkala

and Sirpa Jalkanen were elected as new

members of the Selection Committee.

GRANTS AND PROJECTS


distributed almost 2.5 million euros in

grants in 2022. The majority of the grants

were for young post-graduate researchers.

The value of an individual grant for

post-graduate study was 26,000 euros.

During the year under review, compensations

to universities were no longer paid in

conjunction with grants for doctoral studies,

but when applying for grants, it was

possible to also apply for a grant to cover

the costs of research. No personal grants

were awarded to Academy members. In

accordance with the decision made in

GOVERNING BOARD 2022

Member Position Term

Kimmo Kaski President, chairman of the Governing Board 2022–2023

Tuula Linna Vice President, vice chairman of the Governing Board 2022–2023

Pekka Ilmakunnas Treasurer 2019–2023

Päivi Pahta Secretary, Section of Humanities 2022–2023

Juha Kinnunen Secretary, Section of Science 2019–2023

Johanna Mappes Member 2022 (3. term)

Jari Ojala Member 2022 (3. term)

Heta Pyrhönen Member 2022 (3. term)

Jukka Westermarck Member 2022 (2. term)


2021, increasing the margin of distribution

of grants in stages began.

Applications for grants were reviewed

by reviewers appointed by the Governing

Board who are leading experts in their

fields, and the final decisions were made by

the Board following the reviewers’ recommendations.

Attention was given to the

possible incompatibilities of both the

reviewers and the decision-makers when

processing the grants of the funds and

foundations administered by the Academy.

This was the 58th time that grants for

scientific research were distributed from

the Vilho, Yrjö and Kalle Väisälä Fund.

Approximately 1.75 million euros (1.45

million in 2021) was awarded in grants.

The Fund received a total of 253 (247)

applications, with a sum of approx. 5.7

(5.7) million euros altogether.

Grants from the Väisälä Fund were

awarded to 75 (64) applicants. These

included 55 (50) post-graduate grants of

26,000 euros for full-time academic study

for a duration of one year and 11 (9) grants

for part of a year. A total of 5 (0) grants were

awarded for research costs in addition to

post-graduate grants. A total of 12 (6)

grants were awarded for short-term research

visits abroad, of which three were granted in

addition to post-graduate grants.

The Eino Jutikkala Fund distributed

grants for research in the humanities for

the 15th time. The application fields under

the Academy’s Section of the Humanities

are divided into two baskets, and applications

in archaeology, history, law and social

sciences were invited this year. This led to

a total of 302 (330 in 2021) applications,

amounting altogether to roughly 8.2 (8.4)

million euros. Due to the division, the statistics

are not directly comparable between

two consecutive years.

Grants from the Jutikkala Fund were

awarded to 19 (16) applicants, about

504,400 (429,100) euros in total. All these

grants were for the commencement of doctoral

studies.

The Academy’s Mathematics Fund distributed

roughly 114,000 (5,500) euros in

grants and prizes, including 80,000 euros

for organizing the General Assembly of the

International Mathematical Union and the

Fields Medal Award Ceremony. The Emil

Öhmann Foundation, which is administered

by the Academy, distributed 56,190

(48,000) euros in grants. The Hilkka and

Otto Brusiin Foundation distributes grants

every second year: in 2022, the Foundation

awarded 48,200 (30,000 in 2020) euros in

grants. In addition, the Emil Öhmann

Foundation awarded 1 (1) grantee a total of

3,000 (3,000) euros for financing shortterm

research in Berlin at the Finnish Institute

in Germany.

In 2022, the Academy took part for the

seventh year in the Säätiöiden post doc

-pooli (“the Foundations’ Post Doc Pool”).

The sum awarded in 2022 was 200,000

euros. The grants awarded in 2022

amounted to 148,000 euros from the

Väisälä Fund and 49,700 euros from the

Jutikkala Fund. The unawarded 2,300 euros

was transferred to be awarded in 2023.

The Maupertuis Programme, run

jointly by the Finnish Academy of Science

and Letters, the Finnish Society of Sciences

and Letters, the French Institute in

Helsinki, the French Embassy to Finland

and the French Ministry of Higher Education,

Research and Innovation, distributed

25 (25) international mobility grants

for bilateral visits by researchers and

experts. It was decided in 2022 that the

Academy will no longer participate in the

programme in 2023.


During the year, the Governing Board

decided to establish the Väisälä project

grant of the Finnish Academy of Science

and Letters for early-career tenure-track

researchers working in Finland looking to

set up their own research group and cover

the research costs of the group. It was

decided that the first round of grant funding

would be opened in early 2023.

During the year, preparations were

made to start a large project entitled The

History of Science in Finland, coordinated

by the Finnish Academy of Science

and Letters and the Finnish Society of

Sciences and Letters. The aim of the project

is to gather personal recollections

from Finnish scientists and to produce a

series of books on the history of science in

Finland during its independence. Stefan

Nygård, who works at the Academy, was

appointed the scientific coordinator for

the project.

PRIZES


Academy Award 2022, a sum of 30,000

euros, was presented to Academician of Science

Sirpa Jalkanen for her substantial

achievements in immunology. She was also

presented with Academy Medal No. 34.


Letters Prize for the Humanities, now

awarded for the 12th time and amounting

to 15,000 euros, was awarded to Carita

Kiili, Academy Research Fellow at Tampere

University.

The Academy’s Väisälä Prizes 2022

were given to Associate Professor Vesa

Julin from the University of Jyväskylä and

Associate Professor Katrianne Lehtipalo

from the University of Helsinki. These

prizes were now awarded for the 23rd time,

and they are worth 15,000 euros each.

The Eino Jutikkala History Prize,

awarded every three years, was presented

to Professor Jari Eloranta. The prize is

worth 15,000 euros.

Over the course of the year, the Academy

proposed candidates for the Balzan

Prize, the Gad Rausing Prize, the International

Prize of the Fyssen Foundation, the

Holberg Prize, the Körber Prize, the Louis-

Jeantet Prize, the Nils Klim Prize and Olav

Thon Foundation’s International Research

Award for Mathematics/Natural Sciences

and Medicine.

As for national awards, the Academy

proposed candidates during the year for

the Alfred Kordelin Prize and the State

Award for Public Information.

MEETINGS AND EVENTS


held themed monthly evenings

throughout the year 2022. Due to the

COVID-19 pandemic, the February event

was still held entirely online, so that only the

speakers of the event were present at the

location. Starting in March, events became

open to the public. In addition to this, many

of the events were also streamed live online.

The events gathered excellent audiences.

The May event was organized in Kuopio

in collaboration with the University of

Eastern Finland. In October, the Academy

took part in a Nobel Prize discussion event

together with other academies of science

and Helsingin Sanomat newspaper. The

event was broadcast live from Sanoma

House.

• 14 Feb. Perustutkimus (“Basic research”):

Live streaming online,


During 2022, the Finnish Academy of Science and Letters organised

themed events throughout the year. Starting in March, the events were

also open to the public.

streamed from the premises of the


• 31 Mar. Suomalainen kriisinkestävyys

2020-luvulla (“Finnish resilience in the

2020s”): The Great Hall of the University

of Helsinki and live streaming

online

• 10 May Monitieteistä ilmasto- ja

terveystutkimusta Itä-Suomen yliopistossa

(“Multidisciplinary climate and

health research at the University of

Eastern Finland”): University of Eastern

Finland, Kuopio Campus

• 12 Sep. Thematic meeting: Tiede ja

Ukraina nyt (“Science and Ukraine

now”): House of the Estates and live

streaming online

• 10 Oct. Thematic meeting: Ilta humanistisille

tieteille (“Evening dedicated to

the humanities”): House of the Estates

and live streaming online

• 14 Nov. Thematic meeting: Energia

(“Energy”): House of the Estates and

live streaming online

• 12 Dec. Thematic meeting: Ilta

matemaattis-luonnontieteellisille

tieteille (“Evening dedicated to mathematics

and science”): House of the

Estates and live streaming online

Section meetings were held as remote

events in March. Of the annual general

meetings, the Spring Meeting in April had a

hybrid format so that some of the partici-


pants were present at the venue and some

attended remotely, and the Autumn Meeting

in November was held only at the House

of the Estates without the possibility of

remote participation.

The Academy’s Psychology and Pedagogy

Group held an event entitled

“COVID-19-pandemian jäljet oppilaitoksissa

ja perheissä” (“Impact of the COVID-

19 pandemic on schools and families”).

The hybrid event took place on 16 March

in the auditorium of the National Museum.

The first Science Matinée in the history

of the Academy was held on 9 December.

The event kicked off the project The History

of Science in Finland. The Science

Matinée is a discussion event for members

of the Academy.

No audience events were held in connection

with the Maupertuis Programme.

A list of meetings and events can be

found in Appendix 1. Video recordings of

the meetings and events can be viewed on

the Academy’s website.

SCIENCE AND POLICY

During the year, the activities of the Science

Advice Initiative of Finland (Sofi)

project were established as part of the

Finnish Academy of Science and Letters.

An analysis of Sofi’s achievements and lessons

was conducted and plans were made

to continue the work. One of the longerterm

objectives of the work is to make Finland

the world’s leading country in evidence-informed

decision-making. Strategic

planning to support the work in the

upcoming years was carried out together

with the Board of the Academy. It was

decided that work would focus on the following

priorities: 1) supporting researchers

in increasing the impact of their work; 2)

working as a connecting hub by building

stronger connections in the science-policy

interface; 3) developing new operating

models for evidence-informed decisionmaking.

The Academy received one million

euros from the Jane and Aatos Erkko

Foundation in additional funding for the

next four years for activities that promote

the societal impact of science. The project

aims to develop new tools for gathering

and channelling the latest, high-quality

research evidence and expert analysis to

support societal decision-making. The Science

and Policy team received a new member

near the end of the year, knowledge

broker Iiris Koivulehto. Over the course of

the year, so-called science sparring workshops

were organized with two ministries

and the work of the project was presented

in seven European countries.

INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES

The Academy strengthened existing and

built new international relations, particularly

under the Science and Policy theme.

The Academy organized several discussions

with European academies of science

on evidence-informed decision-making

and the role of academies of science in

future societies. The Academy visited Leopoldina

(German National Academy of

Sciences) in Germany, KNAW (Royal

Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences)

in the Netherlands, and RSE (The

Royal Society of Edinburgh) in Scotland. A

remote meeting was held with SCNAT

(Swiss Academy of Sciences), and the Estonian

Academy of Sciences visited the premises

at Mariankatu. The Academy partici-


pated in the Annual Meeting of the European

Science Advisors Forum in Vilnius as

the Finnish representative. The Academy

was an invited guest at the European Commission’s

JRC (Joint Research Centre),

WRR (The Netherlands Scientific Council

for Government Policy) in the Netherlands,

and the Cabinet Office in the United

Kingdom. Activities were also presented at

the Science Advice at Times of Crises conference

of SAPEA (Science Advice for Policy

by European Academies) in Brussels.

The Academy received

one million euros

from the Jane and Aatos

Erkko Foundation for

activities that promote

the societal impact of

science

Contacts to international scientific

organizations by the Finnish Academy of

Science and Letters took place mainly under

the auspices of the Council of Finnish Academies

(CoFA), the cooperative body for the

science academies in Finland. The Academy’s

President was a member of the executive

committee of CoFA and the Academy’s

Vice President acted as their deputy. The

Secretary General was also a member of the

executive committee, but without a vote.

The Academy was represented on CoFA’s

International Affairs Committee (IAC) by

Anna Mauranen, who also acted as chairman

of the committee, and by Olavi Nevanlinna.

The chairman of CoFA’s Human

Rights Committee was Liisa Laakso.


Letters continued for the fifth year as the

academy chiefly responsible for CoFA’s

affairs. CoFA plays an important part in

the reform of the Finnish system of academies

of science and will be crucial in determining

the direction this system will take

in the future. Within the framework of

their agreement, the academies of science

will participate even more actively in developing

the scientific community and its

internationalization. During the year, it

was decided in accordance with the memorandum

of association of CoFA that the

activities of CoFA would be transferred

from the administration of the Academy to

the Finnish Society of Science and Letters.

Following negotiations with the Society,

the move of the secretariat of CoFA took

place in December.

Through the medium of CoFA, members

of the Finnish Academy of Science and

Letters held positions of trust in several

international scientific organizations: Mats

Gyllenberg, Maija Tenkanen, Jukka Seppälä,

Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio and Hanna Tuomisto

in EASAC; Anna Mauranen, Ahti Salo,

Pekka Aula (until March) and Mari Vaattovaara

in ISC; Mika Kajava in UAI; Liisa

Laakso in the International Human Rights

Network; Krista Varantola and Risto Kunelius

in ALLEA; Mikko Hupa (until March)

in Euro-CASE; Jukka Seppälä in SAPEA;

and Elina Ikonen and Olli Vapalahti in IAP.

The Academy appoints members to

various national committees. In the case of

the Finnish National Committee of Arctic

and Antarctic Research (SCAR, IASC), the

Academy’s representative was Atte

Korhola, with Juha Pekka Lunkka as his

deputy. The representative on the National

Committee for Astronomy (IAU) was

Karri Muinonen. The representatives on


The new members of the Finnish Academy of Science and Letters in 2022

were celebrated at a theme night at the House of the Estates in September.

the National Committee for Radio Science

(URSI) were Karri Muinonen and Esa Kallio,

with Ilya Usoskin as the deputy.

Kimmo Kahma was the representative on

the National Committee for Marine

Research (SCOR), Juha Pekka Lunkka on

the National Committee for Quaternary

Research (INQUA), Ilkka Norros on the

National Committee on Theoretical and

Applied Mechanics (IUTAM) and Juha

Pekka Lunkka on the National Committee

for Geology (IUGS).

The Academy was represented by

Kimmo Kaski at the STS forum in Kyoto,

Japan.

MEMBERSHIP

In its Spring Meeting, the Finnish Academy

of Science and Letters invited Professor

Marjatta Hietala, Professor Bengt

Holmström and Academician of Science

Risto Nieminen as honorary members of


the Academy. They were also presented

with Academy Medals 35–37.


Letters had 832 Finnish members and 172

external members at the end of 2022.

Altogether 27 new Finnish members

and 4 new external members were elected

in the Spring Meeting on 22 April.

The new members elected to the Section

of Science were Juha Honkala (University

of Turku), Kaarle Hämeri (University

of Helsinki), Janne Laine (Aalto University),

Perttu Lindsberg (University of

Helsinki), Hannes Lohi (University of Helsinki),

Seppo Mattila (University of

Turku), Eeva Moilanen (Tampere University),

Taina Rantanen (University of

Jyväskylä), Zhipei Sun (Aalto University),

Nikolai Tkachenko (Tampere University),

Marko Virta (University of Helsinki) and

Guoying Zhao (University of Oulu).

The new members elected to the Section

of the Humanities were Juhana Aunesluoma

(University of Helsinki), Kaisa

Aunola (University of Jyväskylä), Sara

Heinämaa (University of Jyväskylä), Pekka

Kujamäki (University of Graz), Mikko

Laitinen (University of Eastern Finland),

Outi Lehtipuu (University of Helsinki),

Ulla Liukkunen (University of Helsinki),

Lauri Nummenmaa (national PET Centre),

Matti Peikola (University of Turku),

Raimo Siltala (University of Turku),

Pamela Slotte (Åbo Akademi University),

Eero Vaara (University of Oxford), Hannu

Vartiainen (University of Helsinki), Kustaa

H. J. Vilkuna (University of Jyväskylä) and

Jussi Ylikoski (University of Oulu).

The new external members elected to


were Manfred J. Holler (University of

Hamburg, Germany), Antti Pulkkinen

(NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,

USA), Peter Adolf Schwerdtfeger (Massey

University, New Zealand) and Herbert

Sixta (Aalto University).

The Academy mourned the deaths of

the following ordinary members during

the year: Antti Ahlström, Risto Alapuro,

Henry Bacon, Lauri Eskola, Eero Holopainen,

Veli-Pekka Järveläinen, Juhani

Kakkuri, Aarne Kinnunen, Simo Knuuttila,

Heikki Leskinen, Jaakko Nousiainen,

Heikki Palva, Markus Pessa, Kalevi Pihlaja,

Tuomo Polvinen, Olavi Riihinen, Rauno

Ruuhijärvi, Hannu Saloniemi, Olli Tammi,

Aimo Tietäväinen, Peter Tigerstedt and

Päiviö Tommila.

News was also received of the death of

external members Helmut Moritz, Yurij

Reshetnyak, Jouni Uitto and Edward Wilson.

After the prolonged COVID-19 lockdown,

the premises of the Academy on the

2nd floor at Mariankatu could finally be

opened to members according to plan.

YOUNG ACADEMY FINLAND

Year 2022 was the fifth full year of operation

for Young Academy Finland (YAF),

founded with the aim of promoting science,

especially from the viewpoint of

young researchers who are just starting

their careers. The Chair of the Board of

Young Academy Finland was Jenni Raitoharju

until 16 September, followed by Olli-

Ville Laukkanen. Young Academy Finland

had a total of 84 members and 53 alumni

during the year.

Young Academy Finland was to a large

extent made possible by the donation of a

million euros in 2017 from the Emil Aaltonen

Foundation to the Finnish Academy

of Science and Letters for establishing YAF.


A separate Emil Aaltonen Fund was set up

as a result of this donation. Young Academy

Finland works in association with the

Finnish Academy of Science and Letters. It

issues its own annual report every year.

PUBLICATIONS

The first issue of Annales Academiae Scientiarum

Fennicae, a new multidisciplinary

series of the Academy, was published

during the year. Efforts were made to publish

the first issue of the series already back

in 2021, and this was finally possible in

autumn 2022. In the future, the series will

be published online biannually as an open

access publication at journal.fi. The first

issue featured all three languages of the

publication – Finnish, English and Swedish

– and a versatile selection of natural sciences,

humanities and social sciences. Altogether

eight original articles were published

in AASF 1/2022.

The Academy also published a Year

Book in Finnish and in English in 2022.

The chairman of the Academy’s Publications

Committee was Risto Nieminen

and the vice chairman Anna Mauranen.

The other members were Secretary General

Pekka Aula, Kimmo Kaski, Heta

Pyrhönen, Jari Eloranta, Jaakko Husa, Päivi

Pahta, Tapio Salmi, Hannu Sariola and

Erkki Tomppo. The members presented

themselves as candidates for the Publications

Committee. The Publications Committee

held one meeting during the year.

The Academy received a government

grant of 28,000 euros (73,000 euros in

2021) for its publications in 2022, while

the income from publication sales was

approx. 2,500 (approx. 6,900) euros.

Exchange of the Academy’s publications is

managed by the Exchange Centre for Scientific

Literature run by the Federation of

Finnish Learned Societies. The Academy

had 53 (55) overseas exchange partners at

the end of the year, and a total of 54 (143)

publications were sent out in this way.

A joint publishing committee was

established in the beginning of 1996 to

coordinate the publications of the Finnish

Academy of Science and Letters and the

Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters.

The committee is elected for a three-year

term, and a representative of the Academy

or the Society is elected as chairman of the

committee in alternating terms. The chairman

for the term 2021–2023 is Jari Ojala

who represents the Finnish Academy of

Science and Letters.

COMMUNICATIONS

During the year, the Academy focused on

its communication and hired two new

employees in its communications team.

The new visual image of the Academy was

completed during the year. Another area of

development was the new website, which

was completed and published in May 2022.

Minor adjustments to the website were

made until the end of the year. The new

website is designed to be user-friendly, visual

and mobile-friendly.

A new area of development for the

Academy during the year were various

video productions. In August, a new communications

specialist started working at

the Academy and their responsibilities

include the visual communication of the

Academy. In the autumn, videos were produced,

e.g., of the winners of the Finnish

Academy of Science and Letters Prize for

the Humanities, the Eino Jutikkala History


The Finnish Academy of Science and Letters renovated its meeting rooms at

Mariankatu 5, which were in active use in 2022. After the prolonged COVID-19

lockdown, the premises of the Academy on the 2nd floor at Mariankatu could

finally be opened to members according to plan.

Prize and the Väisälä Prize. In addition, the

Academy produced a video in collaboration

with Young Academy Finland for

World Mental Health Day on 10 October

2022. The video focused on the wellbeing

and mental health issues of young Finns

from several different perspectives.

In addition to the Academy’s website,

key channels for communication were the

letter to members, which was sent 10 times

during the year, and the Academy’s Twitter

account, Facebook pages and, increasingly,

LinkedIn. During the year, the target

groups, main messages and channels of

communication for each target group were

defined more clearly. A press release distribution

service and a media monitoring tool

were used in external communication.

In terms of internal communication,

the exchange of information between different

teams was given special attention

during the year. A new project tool was

designed for the office of the Academy to

help all employees keep track of the projects

that are currently in progress at the

Academy and the status of each project.


During the year, communications were

planned and implemented widely in the

Communications Team, which also

includes individuals from the Administrative

Team and the Science and Policy team.

FINANCES AND PROPERTY

MANAGEMENT

The Property Management Committee,

the advisory body of the Governing Board

on financial matters, consisted of Kimmo

Kaski, Tuula Linna, Juha Kinnunen, Päivi

Pahta, Pekka Ilmakunnas and Pekka Aula.

Anders Ekholm and Ralf Sunell served as

expert advisors. The Academy’s assets were

managed in accordance with the investment

strategy for the Academy itself, its

funds and the foundations under its

administration. This strategy was updated

in 2021.

The total value of the investments held

by the Academy and its various funds at

the end of 2022 was approximately 198

million euros (241 million euros at the end

of the previous year), with a further sum of

4.5 million euros held by the foundations

under the Academy’s administration at the

end of 2022.

These investments, comprising portfolios

of shares and bonds, shares in Vaisala

Oyj, and alternative investments, were

managed by Nordea and Evli. All the

offices in the property at Mariankatu 5 are

owned directly by the Academy, while otherwise

most of the Academy’s property

investments are in eQ unit trusts. The

other alternative investments are in private

equity funds, principally the Hamilton

Lane Club Fund.

Stock prices fell dramatically in 2022.

In the year under review, the total return

on assets, including dividends, interests,

rents and changes in property values, but

excluding the Vaisala Oyj shares, was about

-10% (about 20% in the previous year).

Vaisala Oyj shares decreased more than

other shares, and the overall return for the

year, including these shares, was approx.

-17% (25% in the previous year).

The auditor of the Academy’s accounts

and administrative procedures in 2022 was

Professor, KHT auditor Markku Koskela,

with KHT auditor Riku Kärnä as his deputy.

The auditors’ report and report on

financial management will be published

with the 2023 Year Book.

STAFF

The Academy’s Secretary General was Professor

Pekka Aula. The Administrative

Manager was Leila Sarajärvi, the Administrative

Secretary Nina Rapelo and the

Administrative Assistant Emilia Lähde.

The Communications Specialist was Klaus

Elfving until 8 April, and Anna Chydenius

and Aleksi Kylmälahti as of 8 August. The

Science Secretary (50%) at Young Academy

Finland was Riikka Hiltunen. The project

“Meet a Researcher” was led by Kim Krappala.

The Academy Secretary at CoFA

under the Academy’s administration was

Arto Miettinen and the Science Secretary

was Veera Launis (on leave 1 July – 31

December). The Secretary General of the

Academy acted as the administrative head

of the CoFA secretariat.

The Academy strengthened its science

and policy development activities in the

beginning of the year by hiring Jaakko

Kuosmanen and Nanna Särkkä, who previously

worked at Sofi, the joint project of

the academies of science. These activities


were further strengthened when Iiris Koivulehto

joined the team as a new employee

in October.

The staff attended a wide variety of

training events and seminars. A project

focusing on staff wellbeing and the organization

and development of work continued

during the year. One of the key changes

was the introduction of a team structure in

the office.

The Academy paid salaries or fees to a

total of 31 persons during the year.

OTHER ACTIVITIES

During the year, the Governing Board proposed

members for several working groups

and bodies by request. The Finnish Academy

of Science and Letters has representatives

in many institutions and organizations

both at home and abroad.

Anna Mauranen was a member in the

International Affairs Forum for Higher

Education and Research set up by the Ministry

of Education and Culture for the term

2020–2023.

The Academy is a member of the Federation

of Finnish Learned Societies (TSV).

It was represented on the board of the Federation

by Arto Haapala (deputy Elina

Ikonen) and Anna Mauranen (deputy

Kimmo Kaski).

Pekka Ilmakunnas represented the

Academy at the Federation’s spring meeting

in March and the autumn meeting in

September, and Risto Nieminen was its

representative on the steering committee

of the Federation’s publishing forum.

The Academy was represented on the

Board of Directors of the Alfred Kordelin

Foundation by Jukka Seppälä (deputy Keijo

Hämäläinen) and Hannu Riikonen (Mari

Vaattovaara) until 6 November and Anna

Mauranen (Mari Vaattovaara) as of 7

November. The representatives in the Foundation’s

section for science were Sami

Pihlström (deputy Tuomas Forsberg) and

Eija Kalso (Hilkka Soininen) until 6 November

and Tapio Mappes (Gabriel Sanus) as of

7 November. The representative in the section

for public education was Markku

Löytönen (Risto Nieminen), and in the section

for literature Heta Pyrhönen (Marjatta

Palander) until 6 November and Sari Kivistö

(Tomi Huttunen) as of 7 November. Ville

Lukkarinen (Annika Waenerberg) was the

representative in the arts section until 6

November and Helmi Järviluoma-Mäkelä

(Arto Haapala) as of 7 November.

The Academy’s representatives on the

Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing

Board were Jaana Bäck and Jukka Jernvall,

while Tapio Raunio represented the

Academy in the Foundation for Foreign

Policy Research. The Academy’s representative

in the Finnish Foundations’ Post Doc

Pool was Anna Mauranen, with Kaisa

Nyberg as her deputy, and Secretary General

Pekka Aula served as the Academy’s

representative on the national LUMA

Advisory Board. Anna Mauranen was

nominated by the Academy as a member of

the Board of Directors of the Finnish

Research Impact Foundation.

The following members of the Academy

were serving on the research councils

of the Academy of Finland at the end of

2022: Petri Karonen and Matti Miestamo

on the Research Council for Culture and

Society; Ari Jokinen, Timo Repo and

Marjo Yliperttula on the Research Council

for Natural Sciences and Engineering; and

Jussi Kukkonen, Toni Laaksonen, Jorma

Palvimo and Anne Toppinen on the

Research Council for Biosciences, Health


and the Environment. Petri Karonen and

Jussi Kukkonen also acted as the chairs of

their respective council. Kari Elenius,

Johanna Myllyrinne as chair and Kirsi Tirri

have served on the Board of the Academy

of Finland. Anne Kovalainen has been a

member of the Strategic Research Council.

Pekka Ilmakunnas represented the

Academy at the annual general meeting of

the Mariankatu 5–7 property company in

March. Pekka Aula sat on the board of the

property company for part of the year and

was replaced by Pekka Ilmakunnas, who

also served as chair of the board.

Pekka Aula was the Academy’s representative

at the annual meeting of the Finnish

Zoological and Botanical Publishing

Board in March, and at the spring meeting

of the Association of Finnish Foundations.

Leila Sarajärvi represented the Academy at

the autumn meeting of the Association of

Finnish Foundations. Pekka Ilmakunnas

represented the Academy at the shareholders’

meeting of Vaisala Oyj in March.

Maria Lähteenmäki represented the

Academy on the Programme Committee

of the Science Forum, and Pekka Aula in

its steering group.


APPENDIX 1

MEETINGS AND EVENTS IN 2022

14 February: Perustutkimus

(“Basic research”)

• Streamed live from the facilities of the

Academy

• The first thematic meeting of the year

2022 featured a discussion on basic

research and its significance in societal

development and wellbeing. The event

was held remotely.

• The speakers at the event were Rector,

Professor Keijo Hämäläinen from the

University of Jyväskylä; Dean, Professor

Päivi Pahta from Tampere University;

and Chair of the Board of Directors of

the Confederation of Finnish Industries

Jaana Tuominen. The discussion was led

by President of the Board of the

Academy Kimmo Kaski.

• The recording is available for the time

being at www.acadsci.fi

31 March: Suomalainen

kriisinkestävyys 2020-luvulla

(“Finnish resilience in the

2020s”)

• The Great Hall of the University of Helsinki,

live streaming online

• The event was organized in cooperation

with the National Defence Course

Association.

• The event featured a discussion on

resilience from a wide variety of

perspectives: What is resilience, how

does culture, for instance, maintain

mental resilience, what is the significance

of open data in science diplomacy

and how has Finland succeeded in

addressing the challenges posed by the

pandemic?

• The event was opened by Secretary

General of the Finnish Academy of

Science and Letters, Professor Pekka

Aula and Chairman of the National

Defence Course Association, President

of the Supreme Administrative Court

Kari Kuusiniemi. A speech from

Minister of Defence Antti Kaikkonen

was also heard in the beginning of the

event.

• The panel discussion was moderated by

Director of the Finnish Business and

Policy Forum Emilia Kullas. The

panellists were Director of the Finnish

Institute for Health and Welfare Mika

Salminen; Permanent Under-Secretary

at the Ministry of Finance Leena

Mörttinen; General Director at the

Finnish National Opera and Ballet Gita

Kadambi; University of Helsinki

researcher, Academician of Science

Markku Kulmala; and Director of the

European Centre of Excellence for

Countering Hybrid Threats Teija

Tiilikainen.



14 March: Section meetings

16 March: Seminar of the

Psychology and Pedagogy

Group: “COVID-19-pandemian

jäljet oppilaitoksissa ja

perheissä” (“Impact of the

COVID-19 pandemic on schools

and families”)

22 April: Spring Meeting

• The Finnish Academy of Science and

Letters awarded the Academy Award

and Medal No. 34 to Academician of

Science Sirpa Jalkanen (University of

Turku).


• Regular items were discussed and

decided in the Spring Meeting.

• The Spring Meeting was followed by a

gala dinner.

10 May : Monitieteistä ilmasto- ja

terveystutkimusta Itä-Suomen

yliopistossa (“Multidisciplinary

climate and health research at

the University of Eastern

Finland”)

• University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio

Campus

• The seminar was organized by the


in collaboration with the University of

Eastern Finland. Researchers in the

natural sciences, health sciences and

social sciences conduct multidisciplinary,

collaborative climate research at

the University of Eastern Finland. The

seminar presented the perspectives of a

physicist, an environmental scientist, a

brain researcher and a legal expert on

the research.

• The seminar was opened by Dean Kari

Lehtinen and President of the Board of


Letters, Professor Kimmo Kaski.

• The speakers at the event were Professor

Kimmo Kaski, Professor Annele

Virtanen, Associate Professor Pasi

Jalava, Professor Tarja Malm and Senior

Lecturer Tuula Honkonen.

does the ongoing war affect the

European field of science and the

research of individual scientists?

• The topic was introduced by Professor

of Political History at the University of

Helsinki Juhana Aunesluoma and

Professor of Animal Ecology at the

University of Jyväskylä Tapio Mappes.



10 October: Thematic meeting: Ilta

humanistisille tieteille (“Evening

dedicated to the humanities”)

• House of the Estates, live streaming

online

• The October event of the Academy was

a celebration of the humanities. The


Prize for the Humanities and the Eino

Jutikkala History Prize were presented

during the evening, and the winners

gave speeches about their research. The

Prize for the Humanities was received

by Academy Research Fellow Carita

Kiili and the Eino Jutikkala History

Prize by Professor Jari Eloranta.

• The recipients of grants from the Eino

Jutikkala Fund, the Emil Öhmann

Foundation and the Hilkka and Otto

Brusiin Foundation were also announced.



12 September Thematic meeting:

Tiede ja Ukraina nyt (“Science

and Ukraine now”)


online

• How does the war in Ukraine change

our perception of recent European

history and history more broadly? How

27 October: Great Nobel event

• The event was organized in cooperation

with the Council of Finnish Academies,

other academies of science and Helsingin

Sanomat and broadcast live from

Sanoma House.

• The event featured expert-led presentations

of the 2022 Nobel laureates and


their research topics, achievements and

their significance.

• The event was streamed live on the

website of Helsingin Sanomat.

14 November: Thematic meeting:

Energia (“Energy”)


online

• The thematic meeting in November

offered insight into future energy

choices. What do the energy solutions

of tomorrow look like and what will

their impact be on the environment,

society, economy and human behaviour?

• The topic was introduced by Professor

of Engineering Physics at Aalto

University Peter Lund, Research

Professor at the Finnish Environment

Institute Paula Kivimaa (Strategic

Programme on Climate Change) and

Professor of Economics at Aalto

University Matti Liski.



9 December: Science Matinée

• Meeting rooms of the Finnish Academy

of Science and Letters

• The first part of the History of Science

in Finland, a project led by the Finnish

Academy of Science and Letters and the

Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters,

was announced at the Science Matinée:

gathering personal recollections from

scientists in cooperation with the

Finnish Literature Society and the

Society of Swedish Literature in

Finland. The project also involves the

Federation of Finnish Learned Societies

(TSV), the Finnish Historical Society

and the National Archives of Finland.

• The event was only for members of the

Finnish Academy of Science and

Letters.

• The event was opened by Secretary

General Pekka Aula and featured an

introduction by Science Coordinator

Stefan Nygård.

• Round table discussion: Professors

Kimmo Kaski, Hannu Koskinen and

Lea Pulkkinen

• The event was hosted by member of the

Board of Directors of the Academy,

Professor Jari Ojala.

12 December: Thematic meeting:

Ilta matemaattisluonnontieteellisille

tieteille

(“Evening dedicated to

mathematics and science”)


online

• The Academy’s thematic evening in

December was dedicated to mathematics

and science. The 2022 Väisälä Prizes of


Letters were presented at the event and

the recipients gave presentations on their

fields and research. The prizes were

received by Associate Professor Vesa

Julin and Associate Professor Katrianne

Lehtipalo.

• In addition, the recipients of grants

from the Vilho, Yrjö and Kalle Väisälä

Fund of the Finnish Academy of

Science and Letters were announced.




Grants

EINO JUTIKKALA FUND 10 OCTOBER

MEc, MSS Lotta Allemand, University

of Helsinki 26 000 Lapset puheeksi

-menetelmä kouluympäristössä. (pedagogy)

LLM Kamrul Faisa, University of Helsinki

26 000 The Right to Be Forgotten in

Spent Criminal Convictions: A European

Data Protection Laws Perspective.

(jurisprudence)

MHS Lynda Gilby, Tampere University

26 000 Reproductive Politics and Universal

Health Coverage – Deconstructing US

and EU Networks. (social sciences)

MA Annikka Immonen, University of Turku

27 500 Katoava aika – Muistipolun

toimijoiden kokemuskerronnassa rakentuva

muistisairaan ajallisuus ja toimijuus.

(history)

MA Merja Karjalainen, University of

Jyväskylä 28 500 Henkisen työn

työsuojelun historia osana työsuojeluhallinnon

toimintaa vuosina 1993–2010.

(history)

LLM Jussi Koivusalo, University of Helsinki

26 000 Public policy considerations and

EU competition law. (jurisprudence)

MSS Andrea Lorenz-Wende. University

of Jyväskylä 26 000 Omaisolettama

– rajanvetoa työikäisten omaisten

ja julkisen vallan hoivavastuun välillä

ikääntyneiden hoivassa. (social sciences)

MSS Tero Mäkelä, University of Turku

26 000 Välittämisen filosofia. (philosophy)

MSS, LLB Berfin Nur Osso, University of Helsinki

26 000 “Access to Right to Have

Rights: Managing Migration at the EU’s

External Borders. (jurisprudence)

MA, MDiv Nikolai Paukkonen, University of

Helsinki 26 000 Evaluation of Photogrammetry

and Laser Scanning as

Archaeological Documentation Tools.

(archeology)

MA Sini Peltokorpi, University of Turku 26 000

Näkömonivammaisten lasten ja heidän


During the COVID-19 pandemic, awards and grants could only be

celebrated in online events. In October 2022, the Eino Jutikkala History

Prize, the Prize for the Humanities and the grants were again announced

as usual at the House of the Estates.

vanhempiensa välinen vuorovaikutus ja

sen tukeminen. (social sciences)

MA Heidi Pitkänen, University of Turku

29 300 Navigoinnin kehitys ja opetus

Ruotsissa ja Suomessa 1740–1840.

(history)

MA Taneli Puputti, University of Jyväskylä

29 093 Historical Knowledge as Capital:

Early Transmission and Circulation of

Flavio Biondo’s Decades. (linguistics)

MA Juho Pystynen, University of Helsinki

26 000 Innovations in Finnic vocalism.

(Fenno-Ugric studies)

MEc Jukka-Pekka Pyylampi, University of Helsinki

26 000 Measuring Finnish Output

Gap and Rules-Based Fiscal Guidance:

Past & Present Estimates. (social sciences)

MEc Niina Sal, LUT University 26 000 Väliaikaisten

asiantuntijaryhmien tiedon

luomisen johtamiskäytänteet digitaalisella

yhteistyöalustalla. (social sciences)

MSS Jussi Systä, Tampere University

26 000 Talouspolitiikan arviointineuvosto

ja talouspoliittinen hegemonia.

(social sciences)

MDiv Anna Tiittanen, University of Helsinki

26 000 Experiencing miracles on pilgrimage

to Rome (c. 300-600). (history)

MA Milla Virolainen, University of Jyväskylä

26 000 Parliamentarians Debating

Democracy in a Time of Crisis: How

was Democracy Viewed and Defined by

French Politicians 1927-1940. (history)

VILHO, YRJÖ AND KALLE VÄISÄLÄ FUND 12 DECEMBER

Mathematics

MA Veeti Ahvonen, University of Tampere

26 000. Kuvailevan vaativuusteorian

uudet suuntaukset. (PhD grant)

MSc Kalle Alaluusua, Aalto University

26 000 Community recovery in sparse

random graphs. (PhD grant)

MSc Matilda Häggblom, University of Helsinki

26 000 Axiomatization, Approximation

and Probability under team

semantics. (PhD grant)

MSc Rahim Kargar, University of Helsinki

26 000 Metrics and Quasiconformal

Maps. (PhD grant)

MA Antti Kykkänen, University of Jyväskylä

26 000 Epäsileää elastista geometriaa

ja röntgentomografiaa. (PhD

grant)

MSc Okko Makkonen, Aalto University

26 000 Turvallisen hajautetun laskennan

matemaattinen perusta. (PhD grant)

MSc Jaakko Pere, Aalto University 26 000

On extreme behavior of multivariate

and infinite dimensional observations.

(PhD grant)

MA Olli Sarala, University of Oulu 27 000

Non-negative matrix tri-factorization

for mass spectral time-series data: A

Bayesian approach. (PhD grant)

MSc Angelina Senchukova, LUT University

26 000 Sparse X-Ray Tomography with

Data-Driven Priors for Sawmill Log Imaging.

(PhD grant)


MA Mika Sipilä, University of Jyväskylä

26 000 Independent vector analysis.

(PhD grant)

MA Ensio Suonperä, University of Helsinki

26 000 Tehokkaita ratkaisumenetelmiä

bilevel-ongelmien optimointiin.

(PhD grant)

MSc Lauri Särkiö, Aalto University 26 000

Regularity of parabolic double phase

systems. (PhD grant)

MSc Tuomas Takko, Aalto University 13 000

Agenttipohjainen mallintaminen kompleksisissa

verkostoissa. (PhD grant)

Physics

MSc Kameyab Raza Abidi, University of

Jyväskylä 26 000 Understanding of

Buckling in Two-Dimensional Metals.

(PhD grant)

MSc Jaakko Annala, University of Helsinki

26 000 Cosmology: from Inflation to

electroweak phase transition. (PhD grant)

MSc Kristian Arjas, Aalto University 26 000

Topologinen plasmonilaseri. (PhD grant)

MSc Dana Avramescu, University of Jyväskylä

26 000 Transport of hard probes in

the Glasma. (PhD grant)

MSc Shudhashil Bharthuar, University of

Helsinki ja CERN 3 600 (grant for research

visit)

MSc Xiaoqi Cui, Aalto University 26 000

Ultra-miniaturised on-chip spectrometers

via a semiconducting single-junction.

(PhD grant)

MA Markku Hahto, University of Helsinki

26 000 Temporal quantum networks.

(PhD grant)

MSc Mathilde Hary, University of Tampere ja

University Bourgogne Franche-Comté

4 400 (grant for research visit)

MA Matti Hellgren, University of Jyväskylä

26 000 Astrofysikaalisten neutriinojen

sironta raskaista ja keskiraskaista atomiytimistä.

(PhD grant)

MA Ella Häkkinen, University of Helsinki

26 000 Novel techniques to understand

the chemistry of organic aerosol formation

in the atmosphere. (PhD grant)

MSc Arthur Jaries, University of Jyväskylä

ja LPC Caen 4 500 (grant for research

visit)

MA Elina Kauppinen, University of Jyväskylä

26 000 Double beta decay and dark

matter calculations. (PhD grant)

MSc Lea Kopf, University of Tampere 28 250

Multi-partite high-dimensional quantum

entanglement in the spatio-temporal

domain through cascaded downconversion.

(PhD grant)

MA Eero Koponen, University of Eastern

Finland 6 500 Synteettinen schlierentomografia

ultraäänikenttien mittaamiseen.

(PhD grant)

MA Tomi Kupiainen, University of Helsinki

26 000 Hiukkasten oskillaatioista

kvanttikenttäteoriassa. (PhD grant)

MSc Joonas Lahtinen, University of Tampere

26 000 Advanced Modelling for Localization

and Stimulation of Brain Activity

with the Open-Source Zeffiro Interface.

(PhD grant)

MSc Jiaqi Li, University of Tampere 26 000

Erittäin nopea korkearesoluutioinen

kuvantaminen keski-infrapuna-alueella

tila-spektrisesti räätälöidyn superjatkuvuuden

kanssa. (PhD grant)

MSc Ilari Lilja, Aalto University 26 000 Jatkuvan

muuttujan klusteritilojen muodostaminen

Josephsonin parametrisissä

systeemeissä. (PhD grant)

MSc Kurt Meier, University of Jyväskylä

26 000 Superconducting spintronics

and nonequilibrium effects. (PhD grant)

MA Jouni Ruotsalainen, University of Jyväskylä

26 000 MR-TOF-assisted Pen-


The grants from the Vilho, Yrjö and Kalle Väisälä Fund and the Väisälä Prizes

were announced at the December theme night at the House of the Estates.

ning-trap mass spectrometry of neutron

deficient nuclei and double beta decay

Q-value measurements. (PhD grant)

MA Alex Stendahl, University of Helsinki

26 000 Dark Matter direct detection with

the COSINUS experiment. (PhD grant)

MSc Wai Hong Tam, University of Helsinki

26 000 Deep learning into phase transition

in QCD. (PhD grant)

MSc Jaana Tiainen, University of Jyväskylä

26 000 Novel neutron detector for patient

dose monitoring during BNCT treatments.

(PhD grant)

MA Sasu Tuohino, Aalto University 26 000

Implementation of multiqubit gates for

unimon qubits. (PhD grant)

MA Tomi Vuoriheimo, University of Helsinki

13 000 Irradiation-induced defects and

their effect to fuel retention in the next

step fusion plasma armour materials.

(PhD grant)

MSc Iuliia Zhelezova, University of Helsinki

26 000 Point defects and radiation hardness

of beta-gallium oxide (beta-Ga2O3)

semiconductor crystals. (PhD grant)

MA Juuso Österman, University of Helsinki

13 000 Perturbative Loop-level Technologies

in Dense and Hot Particle Theories.

(PhD grant)

Astronomy

MA Ilari Angervuori, Aalto University and

University of Notre Dame 4 349 (grant

for research visit)

MA Sofia Forsblom, University of Helsinki

26 000 Study of polarized emission

from highly magnetized neutron stars in

the X-ray band. (PhD grant)

MA Veera Juntunen, University of Oulu

26 000 Auringon ilmastovaikutusten

merkitys yhteiskunnan energiankulutukselle

ja -tuotannolle. (PhD grant)

MA Suvi Korhonen, University of Helsinki

and University of Tartu 26 000 Galaxy

filaments: cosmic highways of the matter.

(PhD grant)

MSc Marcus Nicolai Pedersen, University of

Oulu 28 000 Global evolution and variability

of field-aligned and ionospheric

current systems during geomagnetic

storms. (PhD grant)

Adj. Prof.. Sergey Tsygankov, University of

Helsinki and Oxford University 2 500

(grant for research visit)

Adj. Prof.. Heikki Vanhamäki, University of

Oulu, University of Bergen and Johns

Hopkins University 3 640 (grant for

research visit)

Geophysics

MSc Otto Kärhä, University of Oulu 26 000

Evolution of magnetic oval in daily,

monthly and yearly time-scales. (PhD

grant)

MSc Nicholas Larsen, University of Oulu 26 000

Statistical analysis of space weather

effects during GLE events. (PhD grant)

MSc Habtamu Wubie Tesfaw, University of

Oulu 13 000 Incoherent scatter radar

methods for studying electron precipitation

and ion composition. (PhD grant)

MSc Mikhail Vokhmianin, University of

Oulu 26 000 New methods for predicting

solar influence on climate: Longterm

prediction of Sudden Stratospheric

Warmings. (PhD grant)

Meteorology

MA Umer Alvi, University of Helsinki 26 000

Modelling spatio-temporal temperature

variability in urban environment based

on remote sensing and in situ observations:

Case study of Turku. (PhD grant)


PhD Maxime Grandin, University of Helsinki

and University Centre in Svalbard 4 000


MSc Ruqaya Khammas, University of Tampere

13 000 Thermally sprayed slippery

liquid-infused porous surfaces (TS-

SLIPS) for anti-icing applications. (PhD

grant)

MSc Jenna Ritvanen, Finnish Meteorological

Institute 28 450 Konvektiosateen

lähihetkiennustaminen kaksoispolarisaatiotutkien

ja fysiikkaan perustuvien

koneoppimismenetelmien avulla. (PhD

grant)

MSc Laura Salo, University of Tampere 13 000

Pienhiukkasten sähköisten mittausmenetelmien

arviointi ja kehitys. (PhD grant)

MSc Gabin Urbancic, University of Helsinki

28 250 Topical studies on the role of

submeso scale motions in stably stratified

geophysical flows in polar regions.

(PhD grant)

Other fields

MSc Basheer AL-Anesi, University of Tampere

26 000 Perovskite-Inspired materials

for Indoor Photovoltaics – towards

global net-zero emissions (InPho). (PhD

grant)

MSc Maria Christodoulou, University of Helsinki

26 000 Kätketyt mikrobiologiset

aarteet: Äärimmäisissä ympäristöissä

elävien syanobakteerien monimuotoisuuden,

fylogenian ja bioaktiivisten

aineiden tuoton tutkimus. (PhD grant)

MSc Suchintak Dash, University of Tampere

26 000 Characterization of bacterial

genetic thermoregulation mechanisms

and their use in bioengineering applications.

(PhD grant)

MSc Khalil Elbadri, University of Helsinki

26 000 Engineered plant virus for

delivering gene therapy targeting

Melanoma, combined with photothermal

therapy and delivered by Microneedles.

(PhD grant)

BM Jenni Hekkanen, University of Oulu

3 500 p-aallon ja t-aallon morfologian

vaihtelu 12- kytkentäisessä sydänsähkökäyrässä

sydänperäisen äkkikuoleman

riskinarvioinnissa. (PhD grant)

MSc Rahul Jagadeesan, University of Tampere

26 000 Gene expression dynamics

in operons during energy-driven

genome-wide stresses. (PhD grant)

MSc Mikael Karjalainen, University of

Jyväskylä 6 500 Uusien NMR (ydinmagneettinen

resonanssi) -menetelmien

kehittäminen ja soveltaminen muiden

laskennallisten työkalujen kanssa

sisäisesti epäjärjestyneiden proteiinien

rakenteen sekä toiminnan tutkimiseen

SH3-välitteisissä isäntä-patogeenivuorovaikutuksissa.

(PhD grant)

MA Ingrid Karppi, Åbo Akademi University

26 000 Gene and enhancer reprogramming

upon cell differentiation and

stress. (PhD grant)

MSc Shrinidhi Madhusudan, University of

Helsinki 26 000 Deciphering the role of

DLX5 in human GnRH neuron ontogeny

with CRISPR activation. (PhD grant)

MSc Randa Mahran, University of Helsinki

26 000 Analyyttiset toiminnalliset

kemialliset työkalut guanosiinitrifosfaatin

(GTP) ja siihen liittyvien sideaineiden

seurantaan. (PhD grant)

MA Mikko Mankinen, University of Jyväskylä

14 430 Asettelu- ja liike-epävarmuuksien

vaikutukset hoitoannoksen

toteutumiseen rintasyövän kaarimoduloidussa

sädehoidossa. (PhD grant)

MA Joose Peitola, University of Eastern Finland

26 000 Atlas-based muscle forcedriven

musculoskeletal finite element


modeling platform to optimize rehabilitation

planning of patients with osteoarthritis.

(PhD grant)

MSc Ramchandran Siddharth, Aalto University

and University of Oxford 7 500


MSc Sinja Taavitsainen, University of Tampere

and Karolinska Institute 5 000


MSc Sofia Tauriainen, Aalto University 26 000

Aktiivisuuden ja tarkkaavuuden häiriön

oireiden mittaaminen objektiivisesti luonnollisessa

kontekstissa. (PhD grant)

MSc Sami Vesamäki, University of Tampere

26 000 Kosteusherkkien atsobentseenien

karakterisointi ja ohutkalvosensoreiden

kehitys. (PhD grant)

MSc Chahira Zerouki, University of Eastern

Finland 18 750 Männyn talvihomeen

Phacidium infestans DSM 5139 tutkiminen

genomiikan ja massaspektrometrian

avulla. (PhD grant)

MA Tommi Österlund, University of Helsinki

26 000 DNA-templatoitu glykosylaatio.

(PhD grant)


GRANTS FROM THE EINO JUTIKKALA FUND IN 2022

GRANTS AWARDED IN 2022 BY FIELD OF STUDY

Kaavion otsikko

40%

history and

archeology

40%

social sciences

kasvatustiede ja psykologia filosofiset ja esteettiset tieteet kielitieteet

teologia ja uskontotiede fennougristiikka historia ja arkeologia

oikeustieteet

20%

jurisprudence

yhteiskuntatieteet

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

0

Eino Jutikkalan rahasto

haetut ja myönnetyt apurahat vuosina 2008-2022

APPLICATIONS RECEIVED AND GRANTS AWARDED IN 2012–2022

Number of persons

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Hakenut Myönnetty

Applications Awarded grants


GRANTS FROM THE VILHO, YRJÖ AND KALLE VÄISÄLÄ FUND IN 2022

GRANTS AWARDED IN 2022 BY FIELD OF STUDY

6%

geophysics

8%

meteorology

Kaavion otsikko

36%

physics

9%

astronomy

24%

other fields

17%

Fysiikka Matematiikka Muut alat Tähtitiede Geofysiikka Meteorologia mathematics

600

500

400

Vilho, Yrjö ja Kalle Väisälän rahasto

haetut ja myönnetyt apurahat vuosina 2008-2022

APPLICATIONS RECEIVED AND GRANTS AWARDED IN 2012–2022

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

Number of persons

300

200

100

0

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Hakenut

Myönnetty

Applicants Awarded grants


PUBLICATIONS

The Academy pursues its

aims by, for example, issuing

statements of opinion and

proposals for action, supporting

better utilisation of highquality

research in decisionmaking,

and editing, publishing

and distributing scientific

and other academic publications.


63

Publications 2022

ANNALES ACADEMIAE

SCIENTIARUM FENNICAE AASF

Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae

is a multidisciplinary publication series of

the Finnish Academy of Science and Letters.

The new series saw the light of the day

in November 2022.

AASF promotes dialogue between scientific

disciplines and disseminates current,

up-to-date information on scientific questions

and new challenges. The publication

series is aimed at a wide audience: In addition

to members of the Academy, their colleagues

abroad and researchers in various

fields, the target audience includes everyone

interested in science and research.

Articles are accepted in Finnish, Swedish

and English. The publication process

includes peer review.

Publications in the series appear online

twice a year and it is freely available at the

journal.fi platform (journal.fi/aasf)

AASF 1/2022:

Juha-Antti Lamberg, Nooa Nykänen and

Jarmo Taskinen: Economic Degrowth

and the Collapse of Institutional

Order: Theory and Propositions

Aleksi Vuorinen: Femtometreistä valovuosiin:

neutronitähdet eksoottisen

aineen laboratoriona

Juha Raitio: Oikeusvaltio ja oikeusvarmuus

Euroopan unionissa

Heikki Tanila: Muistijälkien kirjoittaminen

aivojen kovalevylle unen aikana

takkuilee Alzheimerin taudissa

Jutta Jokiranta: Miten pyhä teksti toimii?

Johan Bobacka: Analytisk kemi – några

reflektioner

Louis J. Muglia et al.: Preventing Spontaneous

Preterm Birth: Insights from

Genomics

Markku Yli-Halla: Acid sulfate soils: A

challenge for environmental sustainability


MEMBERS

The Academy invites distinguished

and widely respected

Finnish and foreign scholars to

become members.


The list of the members is also available on the Academy’s website (www.acadsci.fi).

Members are encouraged to report any changes in their personal details to the Academy’s

office (Finnish Academy of Science and Letters, Mariankatu 5 A, FIN-00170 Helsinki,

e-mail acadsci@acadsci.fi, tel. +358-50-4620 889).

Honorary members 31 December 2022

Elina Haavio-Mannila

Marjatta Hietala

Bengt Holmström

Risto Ihamuotila

Risto Nieminen

Kari Raivio

Jarmo Visakorpi

Presidents since 1981

Kimmo Kaski 2022– 022

Anna Mauranen 2020–2021

Risto Nieminen 2018–2019

Kirsi Tirri 2016–2017

Eva-Mari Aro 2014–2015

Jorma Sipilä 2012–2014

Sirpa Jalkanen 2010–2012

Arto Mustajoki 2008–2010

Kari Raivio 2006–2008

Simo Knuuttila 2004–2006

Risto Ihamuotila 2002–2004

Risto Näätänen 2000–2002

Jarmo Visakorpi 1998–2000

Heikki Solin 1997–1998

Olli Martio 1996–1997

Elina Haavio-Mannila 1995–1996

Olavi Granö 1994–1995

Jouko Paunio 1993–1994

Olli V. Lounasmaa 1992–1993

Pertti Pesonen 1991–1992

Lauri Myrberg 1990–1991

Lauri Honko 1989–1990

Jorma K. Miettinen 1988–1989

Jaakko Honko 1987–1988

Kaarlo Hartiala 1986–1987

Yrjö Blomstedt 1985–1986

Pentti Laasonen 1984–1985

Osmo Ikola 1982–1984

Väinö Hovi 1982–2022

Aimo T. Nikolainen 1981–1982


SUBJECT GROUPS, OFFICERS 2019–2023

Section of Science

Mathematics and computer

science

chair Eero Saksman

vice chair Kaisa Miettinen

secretary Antti Valmari

Physics and astronomy

chair Pertti Hakonen

vice chair Heikki Salo

secretary Paula Eerola

Geosciences

chair Juha Karhu

vice chair Timo Huttula

secretary Minna Palmroth

Chemistry

chair Kari Laasonen

vice chair Reko Leino

secretary Kristiina Wähälä

Biosciences

chair Petri Auvinen

secretary Jouko Rikkinen

Agriculture and forestry

chair Hely Tuorila

secretary Sirpa Kurppa

Medical sciences

chair Lea Sistonen

secretary Jari Koistinaho

Section of the Humanities

Theology and religious studies

chair Ismo Dunderberg

secretary Virpi Mäkinen

Philosophy and aesthetics

chair Sami Pihlström

secretary Sari Kivistö

Psychology and pedagogy

chair Katariina Salmela-Aro

secretary Marja-Kristiina Lerkkanen

History and archaeology

chair Christian Krötzl

vice chair Kimmo Rentola

secretary Marjaana Niemi

Finno-Ugric studies

chair Marja-Liisa Helasvuo

vice chair Hanna Snellman

secretary Riho Grünthal

Linguistics

chair Sanna-Kaisa Tanskanen

vice chair Enrico Garavelli

secretary Hanna Lehti-Eklund

Jurisprudence

chair Heikki Halila

vice chair Petri Kuoppamäki

secretary Tapani Lohi

Social sciences

chair Pertti Alasuutari

vice chair Tuomas Forsberg

secretary Markku Lanne


Finnish members

31 December 2022

Each member’s name, year of birth and

year of election to membership is given,

followed by the person’s academic qualification

and present affiliation or last

affiliation before retirement.

Aaltonen, Lauri Antti, b. 1963, elected 2002, Section

of Science, M.D., Prof., University of Helsinki,

Academy Prof.

Aarnio, Aulis Arvi, b. 1937, elected 1975, Section of

the Humanities, LL.D., Prof. emer., Tampere

University

Aartolahti, Toive Yrjö Aleksi, b. 1934, elected 1973,

Section of Science, PhD, Prof. emer., University

of Helsinki

Abrahamsson, Pekka Kalevi, b. 1972, elected 2020,

Section of Science, PhD, Prof., University of

Jyväskylä

Aejmelaeus, Anneli Pirjo Marjukka, b. 1948, elected

1992, Section of the Humanities, ThD, Prof.

emer., University of Helsinki

Aejmelaeus, Lars Jaakko Tapani, b. 1945, elected



Ahti, Teuvo Tapio, b. 1934, elected 1977, Section of

Science, PhD, Prof. emer., University of Helsinki

Ahtiala, Kaarlo Pekka, b. 1935, elected 1986, Section

of the Humanities, PhD, Prof. emer., Tampere

University

Ahvenainen, Jorma Juhani, b. 1930, elected 1984,

Section of the Humanities, PhD, Prof. emer.,

University of Jyväskylä

Aksela, Helena, b. 1947, elected 2002, Section of

Science, PhD, Prof. emer., University of Oulu

Alakukku, Laura Elina, b. 1958, elected 2013, Section

of Science, D.Sc., Prof., University of Helsinki

Alasuutari, Pertti Juhani, b. 1956, elected 2004, Section

of the Humanities, DSocSci, Prof., Tampere

University

Alestalo, Matti Juhani, b. 1944, elected 1997, Section

of the Humanities, DSocSci, Prof. emer.,

Tampere University

Alho, Kimmo Antero, b. 1958, elected 2012, Section

of the Humanities, PhD, Prof., University of

Helsinki

Alhoniemi, Alho Esa Vesa, b. 1933, elected 1981,


University of Turku

Alitalo, Kari Kustaa, b. 1952, elected 1991, Section

of Science, M.D., Academician of Science, Prof.,

University of Helsinki, Academy Prof.

Andersson, Harri Olavi, b. 1946, elected 2006, Section

of Science, DSocSci, Prof. emer., University

of Turku

Andersson, Leif, b. 1944, elected 2006, Section of

Science, M.D., Prof. emer., University of Helsinki

Annila, Erkki Aulis, b. 1937, elected 1992, Section of

Science, PhD, D.Sc., Prof. emer, Finnish Forest

Research Institute


Anttonen, Anneli Maria Irmeli, elected 2018, Section


Tampere University

Anttonen, Veikko Kalevi, b. 1948, elected 2011,


University of Turku

Apo, Satu, b. 1947, elected 2002, Section of the

Humanities, PhD, Prof. emer., University of

Helsinki

Arjas, Elja, b. 1943, elected 2001, Section of Science,

PhD, Prof. emer., University of Helsinki,

Research Prof. emer., National Public Health

Institute of Finland

Arjava, Antti Juhani, b. 1961, elected 2017, Section

of the Humanities, PhD, Secretary General,

Prof., Finnish Cultural Foundation

Arminen, Ilkka Ari Tapani, b. 1963, elected 2018,

Section of the Humanities, DSocSci, Prof.,

University of Helsinki

Aro, Eva-Mari, b. 1950, elected 2001, Section of Science,

PhD, Academician of Science, Prof. emer.,

University of Turku

Aspi, Jouni Olavi, b. 1958, elected 2021, Section of

Science, PhD, Prof., University of Oulu

Astala, Kari, b. 1953, elected 1997, Section of Science,

PhD, Prof., University of Helsinki

Astola, Jaakko, b. 1949, elected 2002, Section of

Science, PhD, Prof. emer., Tampere University

of Technology

Aunesluoma, Juhana Hannu, b. 1967, elected 2022,

Section of the Humanities, D.Phil, Prof., University

of Helsinki

Aunola, Kaisa, b. 1973, elected 2022, Section of the

Humanities, PhD (Psych.), Prof., University of

Jyväskylä

Auvinen, Petri Olli Viljami, b. 1960, elected 2017,


of Helsinki

Back, Ralph-Johan, b. 1949, elected 2002, Section of

Science, PhD, Prof. emer, Åbo Akademi University

Backman, Janne Tapio, b. 1968, elected 2019,

Section of Science, M.D., Prof., University of

Helsinki

Bamford, Dennis Henry, b. 1948, elected 2002,


of Helsinki

Bartens, Raija Raakel, b. 1933, elected 1982, Section

of the Humanities, PhD, Prof. emer., University

of Helsinki

Bobacka, Johan Bengt Mikael, b. 1962, elected

2021, Section of Science, D.Sc. (Tech.), Prof.

Åbo Akademi University

Broms, Bengt Henry Gabriel Arne, b. 1929, elected

1980, Section of the Humanities, LL.D., Prof.


Byckling, Eero Arvi, b. 1936, elected 1974, Section

of Science, D.Sc. (Tech.), Prof. emer., Helsinki

University of Technology

Bäck, Jaana Kaarina, b. 1961, elected 2018, Section

of Science, PhD, Prof., University of Helsinki

Cantell, Kari Juhani, b. 1932, elected 1981, Section

of Science, M.D., Research Prof. emer., National

Public Health Institute of Finland

Castrén, Eero Hemminki, b. 1958, elected 2004, Section

of Science, M.D., Prof., University of Helsinki

Chen, Ruizhi, b. 1963, elected 2021, Section of Science,

PhD, Prof., Wuhan University

Corander, Jukka, b. 1971, elected 2018, Section of

Science, PhD, Prof., University of Oslo; Prof.,


Donner, Joakim Jalmar, b. 1926, elected 1973, Section

of Science, PhD, Ph.D., Prof. emer., University

of Helsinki

Dunderberg, Ismo Olavi, b. 1963, elected 2011, Section

of the Humanities, ThD, Prof., University

of Helsinki

Eerola, Paula Anna Maria, b. 1962, elected 2012,

Section of Science, PhD, President, Academy of

Finland

Elenius, Klaus Peter, b. 1965, elected 2020, Section

of Science, M.D., Prof., University of Turku

Eloranta, Jari, b. 1970, elected 2020, Section of the

Humanities, Prof., University of Helsinki

Engeström, Yrjö Henrik Mikael, b. 1948, elected

2011, Section of the Humanities, PhD, Prof.



Enqvist, Kari Pekka, b. 1954, elected 2004, Section

of Science, PhD, Prof. emer., University of

Helsinki

Erola, Jani Petteri, b. 1974, elected 2021, Section of

the Humanities, PhD, Prof., University of Turku

Eskola, Kari Juhani, b. 1963, elected 2013, Section of

Science, PhD, Prof., University of Jyväskylä

Filppula, Markku Johannes, b. 1949, elected 2007,

Section of the Humanities, Ph.D., Prof. emer.,

University of Eastern Finland

Fogelholm, Georg Mikael, b. 1959, elected 2017, Section


Forsberg, Tuomas Antero, b. 1967, elected 2012,

Section of the Humanities, Ph.D., Prof., Tampere

University; Prof., University of Helsinki

Forsberg, Ulla-Maija, b. 1960, elected 2001, Section


Helsinki

Fortelius, Hannu Lennart Mikael, b. 1954, elected

2005, Section of Science, PhD, Prof., University

of Helsinki

Fritze, Hannu, b. 1958, elected 2016, Section of

Science, PhD, Research Prof., Natural Resources

Institute Finland

Fält, Olavi Kaarlo, b. 1946, elected 2004, Section of the

Humanities, PhD, Prof. emer., University of Oulu

Gabbouj, Moncef, b. 1962, elected 2014, Section of

Science, Ph.D., Prof., Tampere University

Gahmberg, Carl Gustav, b. 1942, elected 1982,

Section of Science, M.D., Prof. emer., University

of Helsinki

Garavelli, Enrico, b. 1969, elected 2017, Section of

the Humanities, Ph.D., Prof. emer., University

of Helsinki

Gronow, Jukka Olavi, b. 1945, elected 2007, Section

of the Humanities, DSocSci, Prof. emer., Uppsala

University

Grünthal, Riho Manivald Villem, b. 1964, elected

2007, Section of the Humanities, PhD, Prof.,


Gyllenberg, Mats Anders Gideon, b. 1955, elected

2008, Section of Science, D.Sc. (Tech.), Prof.,


Haapala, Arto Kalervo, b. 1959, elected 2002, Section

of the Humanities, Ph.D., Prof., University

of Helsinki

Haapala, Ilmari Johannes, b. 1939, elected 1985,


of Helsinki

Haapala, Pertti Olavi, b. 1954, elected 2004, Section

of the Humanities, PhD, Prof., Tampere

University

Haaparanta, Leila Tuulikki, b. 1954, elected 2002,


Tampere University

Haaparanta, Pertti Juhani, b. 1954, elected 1999,


Aalto University

Haario, Heikki, b. 1953, elected 2016, Section of

Science, Prof., LUT University

Haavio-Mannila, Anna Elina, b. 1933, elected 1975,

Section of the Humanities, DSocSci, Prof. emer.,


Haddington, Pentti Olavi, b. 1970, elected 2020,

Section of the Humanities, PhD, Prof., University

of Oulu

Haila, Yrjö Antero, b. 1947, elected 2002, Section of


Hakamies, Harri Pekka, b. 1953, elected 2009, Section


of Turku

Hakanen, Aimo Kalevi, b. 1935, elected 1994, Section


of Turku

Hakapää, Kari Mauri Antero, b. 1945, elected 2000,

Section of the Humanities, LL.D., Prof. emer.,

University of Lapland

Hakkarainen, Kai Pekka Juhani, b. 1956, elected

2016, Section of the Humanities, Ph.D., Prof.,


Hakkila, Pentti Tapani, b. 1935, elected 1986, Section

of Science, D.Sc., Prof. emer., Finnish

Forest Research Institute

Hakonen, Pertti, b. 1957, elected 2001, Section

of Science, D.Sc. (Tech.), Prof., Aalto University


Hakulinen, Auli Talvikki, b. 1941, elected 1999, Section


of Helsinki

Halila, Heikki Juhani, b. 1952, elected 2010, Section of

the Humanities, LL.D., Prof. emer., University of

Helsinki

Hallberg, Pekka Ilmari, b. 1944, elected 1992, Section

of the Humanities, LL.D., DSocSci, President

retired, Supreme Administrative Court

Hallman, Niilo Mikko Kustaa, b. 1945, elected 2002,


of Oulu

Halonen, Lauri Olavi, b. 1953, elected 1995, Section of

Science, DSc, Prof., University of Helsinki

Haltia, Matti Jouko Johannes, b. 1939, elected 1993,


of Helsinki

Hanski, Eero Johannes, b. 1954, elected 2008, Section

of Science, PhD, Prof., University of Oulu

Hantula, Jarkko Ilmari, b. 1961, elected 2013, Section

of Science, PhD, Prof., Natural Resources Institute

Finland

Hari, Pertti, b. 1941, elected 1999, Section of Science,

D.Sc., Prof. emer., University of Helsinki

Hari, Riitta Kyllikki, b. 1948, elected 1994, Section

of Science, M.D., Academician of Science, Prof.

emer., Aalto University

Harju, Tero Juhani, b. 1952, elected 2009, Section of

Science, PhD, Prof., University of Turku

Hartikainen, Helka Helinä, b. 1947, elected 2004,

Section of Science, D.Sc., Prof. emer., University

of Helsinki

Harviainen, Juha Mauri Tapani, b. 1944, elected 1994,



Harvilahti, Lauri Veikko, b. 1950, elected 2008, Section

of the Humanities, PhD, Director retired,

Folklore Archives of the Finnish Literature Society

Hase, Tapio Atso, b. 1937, elected 1986, Section of Science,

PhD, Prof. emer., University of Helsinki

Hatakka, Annele Inkeri, b. 1948, elected 2012, Section

of Science, D.Sc., Prof. emer., University of

Helsinki

Haukioja, Erkki Arvo Juhani, b. 1941, elected 1981,


of Turku

Haukka, Matti Olavi, b. 1964, elected 2019, Section

of Science, PhD, Prof., University of Jyväskylä

Hautamäki, Jarkko Juhana, b. 1948, elected 2006,

Section of the Humanities, PhD (Psych.), Prof.


Hautamäki, Lauri, b. 1936, elected 1996, Section of


Hautojärvi, Pekka Juhani, b. 1944, elected 1982,

Section of Science, D.Sc. (Tech.), Prof. emer.,

Helsinki University of Technology

Havansi, Erkki Elias, b. 1941, elected 1983, Section

of the Humanities, LL.D., Prof. emer., University

of Helsinki

Hedman, Klaus Peter, b. 1953, elected 2012, Section


Heikkilä, Markku Kaarlo Juhani, b. 1945, elected



Heikkilä, Tero Tapio, b. 1974, elected 2017, Section

of Science, D.Sc. (Tech.), Prof., University of

Jyväskylä

Heikkinen, Timo Jaakko Antero, b. 1941, elected


emer., University of Joensuu

Heininen, Simo Kaarle Matias, b. 1943, elected 1989,

Section of the Humanities, ThD, Prof. emer.,


Heino, Jyrki Johannes, b. 1958, elected 2011, Section


Heinämaa, Sara, b. 1960, elected 2022, Section of

the Humanities, Prof., University of Jyväskylä

Heiskala, Risto Kalevi, b. 1956, elected 2015, Section

of the Humanities, DSocSci, Prof., Tampere

University

Helander, Eila Marjatta, b. 1946, elected 1999,



Helariutta, Yrjö Eero, b. 1965, elected 2014, Section

of Science, PhD, Prof., University of Cambridge,

Academy Prof.


Helasvuo, Marja-Liisa, elected 2013, Section of the

Humanities, Ph.D., Prof., University of Turku

Helkama, Klaus Eeronpoika, b. 1945, elected 2002,



Helkkula, Mervi Anneli, b. 1957, elected 2014, Section

of the Humanities, PhD, Prof., University

of Helsinki

Hemmo, Mika Antero, b. 1968, elected 2011, Section

of the Humanities, LL.D., Prof., University

of Helsinki

Hentilä, Seppo Juhani, b. 1948, elected 2005, Section

of the Humanities, DSocSci, Prof. emer., University

of Helsinki

Henttonen, Heikki Antero, b. 1950, elected 2009,

Section of Science, PhD, Prof., Natural Resources

Institute Finland

Hidén, Mikael Juhana Vilhelm, b. 1939, elected 1991,



Hietala, Liisa Marjatta, b. 1943, elected 1997, Section


University

Hilpinen, Risto Juhani, b. 1943, elected 1973, Section


of Miami

Hiltunen, Risto Aulis, b. 1948, elected 2001, Section

of the Humanities, D.Ph., Prof. emer., University

of Turku

Hirsjärvi, Sirkka Anneli, b. 1940, elected 1992,

Section of the Humanities, EdD, Prof. emer.,


Hjelt, Sven Erik Oskar Sveni, b. 1939, elected 1986,


University of Oulu

Hjerppe, Riitta Tuulikki, b. 1944, elected 2002,



Hollo, Erkki Johannes, b. 1940, elected 1989, Section

of the Humanities, LL.D., Dr. iur., Prof.


Holm, Liisa, elected 2020, Section of Science, Prof.,


Holmbom, Bjarne Richard, b. 1943, elected 2003,


Åbo Akademi University

Holopainen, Markus Edvard, b. 1967, elected 2020,

Section of Science, D.Sc., D.Sc. (Tech.), Prof.,


Honkala, Iiro Samuli, elected 2013, Section of Science,

PhD, Prof., University of Turku

Honkala, Juha Lauri, b. 1960, elected 2022, Section

of Science, PhD, Prof., University of Turku

Honkala, Johanna Karoliina, b. 1973, elected 2020,

Section of Science, PhD, Prof. Univ. of Jyväskylä

Honkapohja, Seppo, elected 1991, Section of the

Humanities, DSocSci, Visiting Prof., Aalto

University

Hovi, Tapani, b. 1942, elected 2004, Section of Science,

M.D., Research Prof., Finnish Institute for

Health and Welfare

Hoyer, Paul Gustav, b. 1945, elected 2005, Section of

Science, PhD, Prof. emer, University of Helsinki

Huhtanen, Pekka Juhani, b. 1955, elected 2002,

Section of Science, PhD, Research Prof. emer.,

Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

Huhtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani, b. 1947, elected 1993,

Section of Science, M.D., Prof. emer., Imperial

College London

Huikuri, Heikki Veli, b. 1952, elected 2013, Section

of Science, M.D., Prof., University of Oulu

Huitu, Katri Leila Päivikki, b. 1960, elected 2015, Section

of Science, Ph.D., Prof., University of Helsinki

Hupa, Mikko Markus, b. 1952, elected 2011, Section

of Science, D.Sc. (Tech.), Prof. Åbo Akademi

University

Husa, Veikko Jaakko Mikael, b. 1966, elected 2018,



Huttula, Timo Heikki, b. 1952, elected 2012, Section

of Science, PhD, Prof. emer., Finnish Environment

Institute

Huttunen, Jussi Kalervo, b. 1941, elected 1987,

Section of Science, M.D., Director General,

Prof. emer. National Public Health Institute of

Finland


Huttunen, Tomi, b. 1971, elected 2021, Section


Helsinki

Huumo, Tuomas Johannes, b. 1968, elected 2012,


of Turku and University of Tartu

Hyry, Eero Kalevi, b. 1960, elected 2016, Section of

Science, PhD, Prof., Tampere University

Hytönen, Tuomas Pentinpoika, b. 1981, elected

2017, Section of Science, D.Sc. (Tech.), Prof.,


Hyvärinen, Aapo Johannes, b. 1970, elected 2016,


Helsinki

Hyvärinen, Heikki Pekka Esaias, b. 1938, elected

1996, Section of Science, PhD, Prof. emer.,

University of Joensuu

Hyvärinen, Irma Kaarina, b. 1949, elected 2002,



Hyönä, Jukka Uolevi, b. 1957, elected 2019, Section

of the Humanities, PhD (Psych.), Prof., University

of Turku

Häkkinen, Hannu Juhani, b. 1962, elected 2015,


Jyväskylä

Häkkinen, Kaisa Mervi Maritta, b. 1950, elected

2002, Section of the Humanities, PhD, Academician

of Science, Prof. emer., University of Turku

Häkli, Jouni Ilari, b. 1965, elected 2005, Section of

Science, DSocSci, Prof., Tampere University

Hämeen-Anttila, Jaakko Markus, b. 1963, elected


University of Edinburgh

Hämeri, Kaarle Juhani, b. 1964, elected 2022,


Helsinki

Hämet-Ahti, Raija Leena, b. 1931, elected 1991,


of Helsinki

Hämynen, Tapio Mikko Juhani, b. 1951, elected


emer., University of Eastern Finland

Hämäläinen, Heikki Antero, b. 1952, elected 2009,


of Turku

Hämäläinen, Keijo Johannes, b. 1963, elected 2006,


Jyväskylä

Hämäläinen, Matti Sakari, b. 1958, elected 2020,

Section of Science, D.Sc. (Tech.), Prof., Aalto

University

Hämäläinen, Pekka, b. 1967, elected 2021, Section of

the Humanities, Prof., University of Oxford

Härmä, Juhani, b. 1949, elected 2001, Section of

the Humanities, PhD, Prof. emer., University of

Helsinki

Ihalainen, Pasi Taneli, b. 1967, elected 2021, Section


Jyväskylä, Academy Prof.

Ihamuotila, Risto V A, b. 1938, elected 1984, Section of

Science, D.Sc., Prof. emer., University of Helsinki

Iivonen, Antti Kalervo, b. 1940, elected 1990, Section


of Helsinki

Ikkala, Olli Tapio, b. 1953, elected 2003, Section of

Science, D.Sc. (Tech.), Prof., Aalto University

Ikonen, Elina Maria, b. 1961, elected 2009, Section of

Science, M.D., Prof., University of Helsinki

Illman, Sören Arnold, b. 1943, elected 1998, Section of

Science, Ph.D., Prof. emer., University of Helsinki

Ilmakunnas, Pekka Jouko Ari, b. 1952, elected 2003,


Aalto University

Ilmoniemi, Risto Juhani, b. 1954, elected 2008,


University

Immonen, Visa Aleksis, b. 1977, elected 2020, Section


of Bergen

Itkonen, Esa Matti, b. 1944, elected 1993, Section


of Turku

Ivaska, Ari Usko, b. 1946, elected 1998, Section of

Science, D.Sc. (Tech.), Prof. emer., Åbo Akademi

University


Ivaska, Mari Johanna, b. 1972, elected 2016, Section


Jaakkola, Antti Olavi, b. 1942, elected 1998, Section


Helsinki

Jalkanen, Sirpa Tuulikki, b. 1954, elected 1998, Section

of Science, M.D., Academician of Science,

Prof., University of Turku

Jallinoja, Riitta Inkeri, b. 1943, elected 2001, Section



Jatila, Erkki Juhani, b. 1939, elected 1986, Section of

Science, PhD, Director General retired, Finnish

Meteorological Institute

Jensen-Eriksen, Niklas, b. 1974, elected 2021, Section

of the Humanities, Prof., University of

Helsinki

Jernvall, Jukka Tapani, b. 1963, elected 2008, Section

of Science, PhD, Prof. University of Helsinki

Joensuu, Heikki Tuomas, b. 1956, elected 2007,


Helsinki

Jokinen, Ari Seppo Antero, b. 1965, elected 2014,


Jyväskylä

Jokinen, Tapani Veikko Juhani, b. 1937, elected

1986, Section of Science, D.Sc. (Tech.), Prof.

emer., Helsinki University of Technology

Jokiranta, Jutta Maria, b. 1971, elected 2021, Section

of the Humanities, ThD, Prof., University of

Helsinki

Julin, Rauno Juhani, b. 1950, elected 2005, Section


Julkunen, Ilkka Antero, b. 1956, elected 2012, Section


Julkunen-Tiitto, Maija Riitta Kristiina, b. 1954,

elected 2016, Section of Science, PhD, Prof.,


Juslin, Heikki Juhani, b. 1944, elected 1998, Section


Helsinki

Jutila, Matti Ilmari, b. 1943, elected 1982, Section of

Science, PhD, Prof. emer., University of Turku

Jänne, Olli Antero, b. 1945, elected 1992, Section of

Science, M.D., Prof. emer., University of Helsinki

Jäntti, Markus Bruno, b. 1966, elected 2015, Section

of the Humanities, DSocSci, Prof., Stockholm

University

Järvelin, Pentti Kalervo, b. 1953, elected 2015,

Section of Science, DSocSci, Prof., Tampere

University

Järvelin, Marjo Riitta, elected 2013, Section of Science,

M.D., Prof., Imperial College London

Järvelä, Sanna Marketta, b. 1964, elected 2015, Section

of the Humanities, EdD, Prof., University

of Oulu

Järvenpää, Aino Maarit, b. 1968, elected 2019, Section


Järviluoma-Mäkelä, Helmi, b. 1960, elected 2018,



Jääskeläinen, Timo Ensio, b. 1953, elected 2007,


of Eastern Finland

Jääskeläinen, Veikko Sakari, b. 1931, elected 1974,

Section of the Humanities, DEc, Prof. emer.,

Helsinki School of Economics

Kaarniranta, Kai, b. 1968, elected 2020, Section

of Science, M.D., Prof., University of Eastern

Finland

Kahma, Kimmo Kaarlo, b. 1947, elected 2007, Section

of Science, PhD, Research Prof. emer.,

Finnish Meteorological Institute

Kaila, Kai, b. 1951, elected 2001, Section of Science,


Kaimio, Maarit, b. 1941, elected 1982, Section of

the Humanities, PhD, Prof. emer., University of

Helsinki

Kainulainen, Kimmo Juhani, b. 1962, elected 2016,

Section of Science, Prof., University of Jyväskylä

Kairesalo, Timo Antero, b. 1951, elected 2004, Section


Helsinki

Kaisto, Janne Mikael, b. 1969, elected 2021, Section


of Lapland


Kaivola-Bregenhøj, Annikki Irmeli, b. 1939, elected


emer., University of Turku

Kajantie, Keijo Olavi, b. 1940, elected 1973, Section


Helsinki

Kajava, Mika Ilmari, b. 1959, elected 2008, Section


Helsinki

Kallio, Esa Jukka, b. 1965, elected 2013, Section of

Science, PhD, Prof., Aalto University

Kalliokoski, Jyrki Tapio, b. 1956, elected 2008, Section


of Helsinki

Kalliomäki, Kalevi Juhani, b. 1941, elected 1979,

Section of Science, DSc (Tech.), Prof. emer.,

University of Oulu

Kallioniemi, Olli Pekka, b. 1960, elected 2003, Section

of Science, M.D., Director, Science for Life

Laboratory

Kalso, Eija Anneli, b. 1955, elected 2010, Section of


Kangas, Annika Susanna, b. 1965, elected 2020,

Section of Science, PhD, Research Prof., Natural

Resources Institute Finland

Kangas, Jorma Iisakki, b. 1940, elected 1979, Section

of Science, PhD, ent. Prof. emer., University

of Oulu

Kangas, Aarre Olavi Ensio (Olli), b. 1953, elected

2007, Section of the Humanities, DSocSci, Prof.

of practice, University of Turku

Kangas, Urpo Pekka Antero, b. 1951, elected 1994,

Section of the Humanities, LL.D., Prof., University

of Helsinki

Kangasjärvi, Jaakko Sakari, b. 1960, elected 2012,

Section of Science, Ph.D., Prof., University of

Helsinki

Kankare, Jouko Juhan, b. 1940, elected 1990, Section


Turku

Kanniainen, Vesa Lennart, b. 1948, elected 2002,



Kansanen, Pertti Johannes, b. 1940, elected 1983,



Kaprio, Jaakko Arthur, b. 1952, elected 2009,


Helsinki, Research Prof., Finnish Institute for

Health and Welfare

Karhu, Juha Antero, b. 1951, elected 2003, Section


Helsinki

Karhu, Juha Kalevi, b. 1953, elected 2001, Section of

the Humanities, LL.D., Prof. emer., University

of Lapland

Karhumäki, Eero Urho Juhani, b. 1949, elected


of Turku

Kari, Jarkko Juhani, b. 1964, elected 2014, Section


Karma, Pekka Heikki, b. 1944, elected 1995, Section

of Science, M.D., Prof. emer., University of

Helsinki

Karonen, Petri Kalevi, b. 1966, elected 2015, Section


Jyväskylä

Karppinen, Maarit Johanna, b. 1959, elected 2010,


University

Kartio, Sirkka Leena, b. 1938, elected 1987, Section


of Turku

Karttunen, Klaus Juhani, b. 1951, elected 2009, Section


of Helsinki

Kasanen, Eero Olavi, b. 1952, elected 2000, Section

of the Humanities, DEc, Prof., Aalto University

Kaski, Kimmo, b. 1950, elected 2002, Section of Science,

D.Ph., Prof. emer., Aalto University

Kaski, Samuel Jarkko Ilari, b. 1968, elected 2017,


University

Kaste, Kauko Antti Markku, b. 1941, elected 1999,


of Helsinki


Katajala, Kimmo Juhani, b. 1958, elected 2012, Section


of Eastern Finland

Katila, Toivo Ensio, b. 1941, elected 1991, Section

of Science, D.Sc. (Tech.), Prof. emer., Helsinki


Kaukiainen, Yrjö Martti Aleksander, b. 1940, elected



Kauppi, Niilo Timo Juhani, b. 1959, elected 2019,

Section of the Humanities, DSocSci, Research

Prof., Centre national de la recherche scientifique

(CNRS), Strasbourg

Kauppinen, Esko Ilmari, b. 1957, elected 2014, Section

of Science, PhD, Prof., Aalto University

Kauppinen, Jyrki Kalervo, b. 1944, elected 1999,


of Turku

Keinonen, Juhani, b. 1946, elected 1995, Section of


Keinästö, Kari Erik Aslakki, b. 1950, elected 2007,

Section of the Humanities, Dr. phil., Prof. emer.,

University of Turku

Keiski, Riitta Liisa, b. 1956, elected 2015, Section of

Science, D.Sc. (Tech.), Prof., University of Oulu

Kekkonen, Jukka Tapani, b. 1953, elected 2007, Section


of Helsinki

Kellomäki, Seppo Lauri, b. 1944, elected 1993, Section


Eastern Finland

Keloharju, Matti Raimo Tapani, elected 2013, Section

of the Humanities, DEc, Prof. emer., Aalto

University

Keltikangas, Matti, b. 1936, elected 1991, Section


Helsinki

Keltikangas-Järvinen, Anna-Liisa, b. 1946, elected



Kemppainen, Erkki Tuomas, b. 1954, elected 2002,

Section of Science, PhD, Prof. emer., Natural


Kere, Juha Kalervo, b. 1958, elected 2012, Section of

Science, M.D., Prof., Karolinska Institute

Keski-Oja, Jorma Kullervo, b. 1949, elected 2002,


of Helsinki

Kesäniemi, Yrjö Antero, b. 1944, elected 2003, Section

of Science, M.D., Prof. emer., University

of Oulu

Kettunen, Pauli Tapio, b. 1953, elected 2011, Section


of Helsinki

Kilpeläinen, Ilkka Antero, b. 1963, elected 2013,


Helsinki

Kilpeläinen, Tero Aatu Väinämö, b. 1960, elected


of Jyväskylä

Kilpua, Emilia, b. 1977, elected 2020, Section of

Science, Prof., University of Helsinki

Kinnunen, Juha Kalevi, b. 1966, elected 2014, Section


Kinnunen, Tiina Sohvi, b. 1964, elected 2019, Section


of Oulu

Kivimäki, Mika Juhani, b. 1961, elected 2005, Section

of the Humanities, PhD (Psych.), Prof.,

University of Helsinki and University College

London

Kiviniemi, Eero Oskari, b. 1937, elected 1983, Section


of Helsinki

Kivipelto, Miia Karita, b. 1973, elected 2019, Section

of Science, MD, PhD, Prof., Karolinska Institute

and University of Eastern Finland

Kivirikko, Kari Ilkka, b. 1937, elected 1983, Section

of Science, M.D., Prof., University of Oulu and

University of Turku

Kivistö, Sari Anneli, b. 1968, elected 2018, Section


Tampere

Klemola, Kaarlo Juhani, b. 1957, elected 2016, Section


of Tampere


Knip, Jan Mikael, b. 1950, elected 2014, Section of


Knuuti, Matti Juhani, elected 2020, Section of Science,

M.D., Director, Prof., University of Turku

Knuuttila, Seppo Sakari, b. 1948, elected 2004, Section


of Eastern Finland

Koistinaho, Jari Eerik, b. 1961, elected 2016, Section


Finland

Koistinen, Olli Ilmari, b. 1956, elected 2014, Section of


Koivurova, Timo Matti, b. 1967, elected 2018, Section


of Lapland

Kojola, Ilpo Yrjö Johannes, elected 2020, Section of

Science, Research Prof., Natural Resources Institute

Finland

Kokko, Hanna Maaria, b. 1971, elected 2007, Section

of Science, PhD, Prof., University of Zürich

Kolehmainen, Leena Sinikka, b. 1970, elected 2017,


of Turku

Kolehmainen, Jaana Marjukka, elected 2021, Section

of Science, Prof., University of Eastern Finland

Kontula, Kimmo Kaleva, b. 1950, elected 1994, Section


Helsinki

Koponen, Timo Juhani, b. 1939, elected 2002, Section


Helsinki

Korhonen, Jarmo Antero, b. 1946, elected 1995, Section


of Helsinki

Korhonen, Pekka Juhani, b. 1944, elected 2001, Section

of the Humanities, PhD, Prof. emer., Aalto

University

Korhonen, Risto Juhana, b. 1975, elected 2018, Section

of Science, PhD, Prof., University of Eastern

Finland

Korpela, Jukka Jari, b. 1957, elected 2008, Section


Eastern Finland

Korpela, Riitta Anneli, b. 1955, elected 2017, Section

of Science, PhD, Prof., Research Director, University

of Helsinki

Korpelainen, Helena Sylvia, b. 1958, elected 2020,

Section of Science, PhD, Head of Department,

Prof., University of Helsinki

Korpi, Esa Risto, b. 1954, elected 2007, Section of

Science, M.D., Prof. University of Helsinki

Korpimäki, Erkki Matti Tapani, b. 1952, elected


of Turku

Korpiola, Mia Margareta, elected 2019, Section

of the Humanities, LL.D., Prof., University of

Turku

Korppi-Tommola, Jouko Emil Ilmari, b. 1945, elected



Kortteinen, Matti Mikael, b. 1953, elected 2011, Section

of the Humanities, DSocSci, Prof., University

of Helsinki

Koskela, Merja Kristiina, elected 2017, Section of

the Humanities, PhD, Prof., University of Vaasa

Koskela, Pekka Johannes, b. 1960, elected 2004,


Jyväskylä

Koskenniemi, Martti Antero, b. 1953, elected 2002,



Koskiaho-Cronström, Briitta Liisa, b. 1941, elected


emer., Tampere University

Koskinen, Ari Mauri Petri, b. 1956, elected 2003,

Section of Science, D.Sc. (Tech.), Prof. Aalto

University

Koskinen, Hannu Erkki Juhani, b. 1954, elected


of Helsinki

Koskinen, Jarkko Tapio, b. 1968, elected 2013, Section

of Science, D.Sc. (Tech.), Director, Prof.,

Finnish Geospatial Research Institute

Koskinen, Kaisa Anneli, b. 1966, elected 2015, Section


University


Kostiainen, Mauri, b. 1980, elected 2021, Section of

Science, Prof., Aalto University

Kostiainen, Risto Kalervo, b. 1955, elected 2016, Section


Kotakorpi, Kaisa, b. 1976, elected 2021, Section of

the Humanities, Prof., Tampere University

Kotiaho, Janne Sakari, b. 1969, elected 2019, Section


Kouri, Erkki Ilmari, b. 1940, elected 1998, Section of

the Humanities, Ph.D., Prof. emer., University

of Helsinki

Kovalainen, Anne Kristiina, b. 1960, elected 2014,

Section of the Humanities, PhD (Econ.), Prof.,

University of Turku

Kovanen, Petri Tapani, b. 1944, elected 1996, Section

of Science, M.D., Director, Prof. emer.,

Wihuri Research Institute

Krause, Anna Outi Inkeri, b. 1948, elected 2008,


Aalto University

Krohn, Kai Juhani Ernst, b. 1936, elected 1999,

Section of Science, M.D., Prof. emer., Tampere

University

Krusius, Franz-Mathias Matti, b. 1942, elected 1981,


Aalto University

Kruus, Kristiina, b. 1959, elected 2018, Section of

Science, D.Sc. (Tech.), Dean, Aalto University

Krötzl, Kai Christian, b. 1956, elected 2008, Section


University

Kuisma, Eero Markku Sakari, b. 1952, elected 2003,



Kuittinen, Kaarle Risto Kalevi, b. 1946, elected 2005,

Section of Science, D.Sc. (Tech.), Director General,

Prof., retired, Finnish Geodetic Institute

Kujamäki, Pekka Juhani, elected 2022, Section of

the Humanities, PhD, Prof., Karl-Franzens-

Universität Graz

Kukkonen, Ilmo Tapio, b. 1956, elected 2007, Section

of Science, D.Sc. (Tech.), Prof., University

of Helsinki

Kukkonen, Jussi Vilho Kalevi, b. 1962, elected 2009,


Eastern Finland

Kulla, Heikki Ilmari, b. 1950, elected 2012, Section


of Turku

Kulmala, Markku Tapio, b. 1958, elected 2004, Section

of Science, PhD, Academician of Science,


Kumpulainen, Päivi Kristiina, elected 2019, Section

of the Humanities, EdD, Prof., University of

Helsinki

Kunelius, Risto, b. 1964, elected 2015, Section of the

Humanities, Prof., Tampere University

Kuoppamäki, Petri Jussi, b. 1964, elected 2016,

Section of the Humanities, LL.D., Prof., Aalto

University

Kupiainen, Antti Jukka, b. 1954, elected 1992, Section

of Science, Ph.D., Prof., University of Helsinki

Kurki-Suonio, Reino Elias Mikael, b. 1937, elected


Tampere University of Technology

Kurppa, Aarne Herman Juhani, b. 1948, elected

1998, Section of Science, D.Sc., Prof. emer.,

Agrifood Research Finland

Kurppa, Sirpa Liisa Anneli, b. 1953, elected 2006,

Section of Science, D.Sc., Prof., Natural Resources

Institute Finland

Kuusi, Tuomo, b. 1976, elected 2021, Section of Science,


Kuusiniemi, Kari Juhani, b. 1960, elected 2014,

Section of the Humanities, LL.D., President,

Supreme Administrative Court

Kvarnström, Carita, b. 1961, elected 2020, Section


Kähäri, Veli-Matti, b. 1960, elected 2009, Section of

Science, M.D., Prof., University of Turku

Kärkkäinen, Veli-Matti, b. 1958, elected 2011,

Section of the Humanities, ThD, Prof., Fuller

Theological Seminary

Kääriäinen, Leevi Joel, b. 1935, elected 1985, Section

of Science, M.D., Prof. emer., Institute of

Biotechnology


Laakso, Johanna Marja Leena, b. 1962, elected 2006,


of Vienna

Laakso, Liisa, b. 1961, elected 2021, Section of the

Humanities, Senior Researcher, The Nordic

Africa Institute

Laakso, Markku Heikki Sakari, b. 1949, elected

1999, Section of Science, M.D., Prof., University

of Eastern Finland

Laaksonen, Toni Kristian, b. 1973, elected 2020, Section


Laasonen, Kari Erik, b. 1963, elected 2007, Section


Laasonen, Ari Johannes, b. 1971, elected 2018, Section

of Science, PhD, Academy Prof., Finnish

Meteorological Institute, part-time Prof., University

of Eastern Finland

Lagerspetz, Yrjö Eerik, b. 1956, elected 2005, Section

of the Humanities, DSocSci, Prof., Univ. of Turku

Lahesmaa, Riitta Liisa Maria, b. 1959, elected 2012,

Section of Science, M.D., Director, Prof., Turku

Bioscience Centre

Lahti, Raimo Otto Kalervo, b. 1946, elected 1984,



Laiho, Marikki Karin, b. 1961, elected 2008, Section


and Johns Hopkins University

Laiho, Raija Leena Hellevi, b. 1963, elected 2019,

Section of Science, D.Sc., Research Prof., Natural


Laine, Anna-Liisa, b. 1975, elected 2017, Section of

Science, PhD, Prof., University of Helsinki

Laine, Ilpo Ensio, b. 1942, elected 1986, Section of

Science, PhD, Prof. emer., University of Joensuu

Laine, Janne, b. 1968, elected 2022, Section of Science,

Prof., Aalto University

Laine, Ale Matti Juhani, b. 1955, elected 2014, Section

of the Humanities, PhD, Prof., Åbo Akademi

University

Laine, Tuija Vappu Hillevi, b. 1964, elected 2017,

Section of the Humanities, ThD, Prof., University

of Helsinki

Laitinen, Lea Marjatta, b. 1946, elected 2003, Section


of Helsinki

Laitinen, Mikko Pekka, b. 1973, elected 2022, Section


of Eastern Finland

Laitinen, Risto Sakari, b. 1952, elected 2003, Section


of Oulu

Lajunen, Lauri Heikki Juhani, b. 1950, elected 2001,


of Oulu

Lamberg, Juha-Antti, elected 2021, Section of the

Humanities, Prof., University of Jyväskylä

Lanne, Markku Juhani, b. 1965, elected 2014, Section


of Helsinki

Lappalainen, Juha Antero, b. 1947, elected 2000,



Lappalainen, Jussi Tapani, b. 1935, elected 1989,


University of Turku

Lappalainen, Pekka Juhani, b. 1966, elected 2021,


Helsinki, Academy Prof.

Lappi, Tuomas Veli Valtteri, b. 1978, elected 2021,


Jyväskylä

Lappi-Seppälä, Sampo Tapio, b. 1953, elected 2009,


of Helsinki

Lassas, Matti Juhani, b. 1969, elected 2013, Section

of Science, PhD, Prof., University of Helsinki,

Academy Prof.

Lassila, Riitta Pirkko Tuulikki, b. 1957, elected 2016,

Section of Science, Prof., University of Helsinki

Lauha, Aila Marjatta, b. 1951, elected 2008, Section


Helsinki

Lavonen, Jari Matti Juhani, b. 1958, elected 2014,


of Helsinki


van Leeuwen, Robert, b. 1967, elected 2021, Section

of Science, Prof., University of Jyväskylä

Lehesjoki, Anna-Elina, b. 1960, elected 2013, Section


Lehti-Eklund, Hanna Maria, b. 1957, elected 2016,



Lehtinen, Erno August, b. 1950, elected 2000, Section

of the Humanities, EdD, Prof., Univ. of Turku

Lehtinen, Ildikó Mària, b. 1948, elected 2009, Section

of the Humanities, PhD, Adj. Prof., University

of Helsinki and University of Turku, Intendant,

retired, National Museum of Finland

Lehtipuu, Outi Inkeri Elisabet, b. 1967, elected

2022, Section of the Humanities, ThD, Senior

University Lecturer, University of Helsinki

Lehtola, Veli-Pekka, b. 1957, elected 2016, Section of

the Humanities, PhD, Prof., University of Oulu

Lehtonen, Juhani Urmas Eerikki, b. 1942, elected



Lehtonen, Turo-Kimmo, elected 2019, Section of the

Humanities, DSocSci, Prof., Tampere University

Leikola, Matti Eino Henrik, b. 1935, elected 1986,


of Helsinki

Leimu, Pekka Tapani, b. 1943, elected 2002, Section


of Turku

Leino, Matti Edvard, b. 1949, elected 2011, Section of

Science, PhD, Prof. emer., University of Jyväskylä

Leino, Pentti Antero, b. 1942, elected 1984, Section


of Helsinki

Leino, Reko Pekko, b. 1969, elected 2014, Section

of Science, D.Sc. (Tech.), Prof. Åbo Akademi

University

Lemmetyinen, Helge Juhani, b. 1947, elected 2002,

Section of Science, PhD, Prof. emer., Tampere


Leppänen, Sirpa Helena, b. 1956, elected 2013, Section


of Jyväskylä

Leppäranta, Matti Juhani, b. 1950, elected 1993,


of Helsinki

Lerkkanen, Marja-Kristiina, b. 1963, elected 2018,

Section of the Humanities, EdD, Prof., University

of Jyväskylä

Leskelä, Markku Antero, b. 1950, elected 1991, Section


of Helsinki

Lilius, Johan Henrik, b. 1939, elected 1979, Section

of the Humanities, PhD, prof., Director, retired,

Finnish Heritage Agancy

Liljeroth, Peter Wilhelm, b. 1975, elected 2018,


University, Academy Prof.

Linder, Markus, b. 1966, elected 2020, Section of


Lindgren, Lauri Bernhard, b. 1933, elected 1988,


University of Turku

Lindsberg, Perttu Johannes, b. 1960, elected 2022,


Helsinki

Lindström, Jan Krister, b. 1964, elected 2019, Section


of Helsinki

Linna, Tuula Hannele, b. 1957, elected 2012, Section


Helsinki

Liski, Matti, b. 1966, elected 2021, Section of the

Humanities, Prof., Aalto University

Liukkunen, Ulla, b. 1966, elected 2022, Section of

the Humanities, Prof., University of Helsinki

Lohi, Hannes, elected 2022, Section of Science, PhD,


Lohi, Eino Tapani, b. 1965, elected 2017, Section


Helsinki, Prof., University of Helsinki

Lokki, Olli Juhani, b. 1943, elected 2001, Section of


Lukkarinen, Ville Johannes, b. 1957, elected 2010,


of Helsinki


Lummaa, Virpi, b. 1974, elected 2019, Section of

Science, PhD, Prof., University of Turku

Lund, Peter David, b. 1957, elected 2018, Section of


Lunkka, Juha Pekka, b. 1958, elected 2006, Section

of Science, Ph.D., Prof., University of Oulu

Luoto, Miska Samuli, b. 1970, elected 2012, Section


Luukkanen, Martti Olavi, b. 1944, elected 2002,

Section of Science, D.Sc., Director, Prof. emer.

Viikki Tropical Resources Institute

Lyytinen, Heikki Juhani, b. 1946, elected 2002,

Section of the Humanities, PhD (Psych.),

Prof. emer., University of Jyväskylä, UNESCO

Chair

Lähteenmäki, Maria Terttu, b. 1957, elected 2011,


of Eastern Finland

Lönnberg, Harri Oskari, b. 1949, elected 1995,


of Turku

Lönnqvist, Jouko Kalevi, b. 1943, elected 1998,

Section of Science, M.D., Research Prof. emer.,

Finnish Institute for health and welfare, Prof.


Löytönen, Markku Kalervo, b. 1955, elected 2003,


Helsinki

Maalampi, Teuvo Jukka Juhani, b. 1950, elected


of Jyväskylä

Majamaa, Kari Gunnar, b. 1956, elected 2018, Section

of Science, M.D., Prof., University of Oulu

Makarow, Marja, b. 1948, elected 2003, Section of

Science, PhD, President, Academia Europaea

Maniscalco, Sabrina, b. 1974, elected 2021, Section

of Science, Prof., University of Helsinki

Mannila, Heikki Olavi, b. 1960, elected 2001, Section

of Science, PhD, Prof., Aalto University,

President, retired, Academy of Finland

Manninen, Matti Jussi, b. 1950, elected 1998, Section


of Jyväskylä

Manninen, Ohto Heikki Sulevi, b. 1943, elected


emer., National Defense University

Mappes, Riitta Johanna, b. 1965, elected 2009,



Mappes, Tapio, b. 1965, elected 2021, Section of Science,

Prof., University of Jyväskylä

Markkola, Pirjo Tuulikki, b. 1959, elected 2014,

Section of the Humanities, PhD, Prof., Tampere

University

Martikainen, Pekka, b. 1966, elected 2013, Section

of the Humanities, Ph.D., Prof., University of

Helsinki

Martio, Olli Tapani, b. 1941, elected 1974, Section of


Matomäki, Kaisa Sofia, b. 1985, elected 2019, Section

of Science, PhD, Academy Research Fellow,

University of Turku

Mattila, Heikki Eero Sakari, b. 1947, elected 2004,


University of Lapland

Mattila, Vesa Mikko, b. 1968, elected 2015, Section


of Helsinki

Mattila, Pertti Esko Juhani, b. 1948, elected 1996,


of Helsinki

Mattila, Seppo, b. 1975, elected 2022, Section of Science,


Mattila, Severi Pellervo, b. 1935, elected 1995, Section


Helsinki

Mauranen, Anna Katariina, b. 1949, elected 2009,



Meri, Seppo Kalevi, b. 1957, elected 2009, Section of


Merilä, Juha Kari Kristian, b. 1965, elected 2005, Section


Merisalo, Outi Kaija Olivia, b. 1959, elected 2003,


of Jyväskylä


Metsänkylä, Tauno Yrjö Tapani, b. 1941, elected


University of Turku

Mickelsson, Jouko Armas, b. 1947, elected 2004,


of Helsinki

Mielikäinen, Kari Juhani, b. 1950, elected 2003,

Section of Science, D.Sc., Prof. emer., Natural


Miestamo, Matti Markko Petteri, elected 2019, Section


of Helsinki

Miettinen, Kaisa Marketta, elected 2014, Section of


Mikkola, Tomi, b. 1967, elected 2021, Section of


Mikkonen, Tommi Johannes, b. 1968, elected 2021,

Section of Science, D.Sc. (Tech.), Prof., University

of Jyväskylä

Moilanen, Atte Jaakko, b. 1968, elected 2017, Section


Moilanen, Eeva, b. 1960, elected 2022, Section of

Science, Prof., Tampere University

Muinonen, Karri Olavi, b. 1961, elected 2017, Section

of Science, PhD, Prof., University of Helsinki,

Academy Prof.

Mursula, Kalevi Juhani, b. 1953, elected 2015, Section


Murtorinne, Eino Johannes, b. 1930, elected 1973,



Murzin, Dmitry, b. 1963, elected 2017, Section of

Science, DrSc, Prof., Åbo Akademi University

Mustajoki, Arto Samuel, b. 1948, elected 1991,



Mustakallio, Hannu Samuel, b. 1951, elected 2012,


of Eastern Finland

Mutanen, Marja Liisa, b. 1952, elected 2012, Section


Myllyharju, Marja Johanna, b. 1964, elected 2019,

Section of Science, PhD, Prof., University of Oulu

Myllymäki, Petri Jukka, b. 1962, elected 2020, Section


Mähönen, Jukka Tapio, b. 1963, elected 2011, Section

of the Humanities, OTT, Prof., University

of Oslo

Mäkelä, Tomi Pekka, b. 1963, elected 2002, Section of

Science, M.D., Director, Helsinki Institute of Life

Science HiLIFE

Mäkelä-Carter, Aino Annikki, b. 1954, elected 2004,

Section of Science, D.Sc., Prof., University of

Helsinki

Mäki, Markku Juhani, b. 1947, elected 2005, Section

of Science, M.D., Prof. emer., Tampere University

Mäki, Ismo Uskali, b. 1951, elected 2009, Section of

the Humanities, DSocSci, Prof., University of

Helsinki

Mäki-Tanila, Asko Vilhelm, b. 1951, elected 1998,


Helsinki

Mäkinen, Virpi Helena, elected 2014, Section of the

Humanities, ThD, Prof. emer., University of

Helsinki

Mälkki, Pentti Urpo, b. 1940, elected 1983, Section

of Science, PhD, Director, Prof. emer., Finnish

Institute of Marine Research

Männistö, Pekka Topias, b. 1946, elected 2010, Section


Helsinki

Mäntysaari, Esa Antero, b. 1958, elected 2010, Section

of Science, Ph.D., Prof., Natural Resources

Institute Finland

Mönkkönen, Jukka Tapani, b. 1959, elected 2019,


Eastern Finland

Mönkkönen, Vesa Mikko, b. 1961, elected 2018,


Jyväskylä

Neittaanmäki, Pekka Juhani, b. 1951, elected 1994,


Jyväskylä

Nenola, Aili Annikki, b. 1942, elected 2002, Section


of Helsinki


Neuvo, Yrjö Aunus Olavi, b. 1943, elected 1993, Section

of Science, Ph.D., Director, retired, Nokia

Corp., Prof., Aalto University

Nevakivi, Jukka Taneli, b. 1931, elected 1990, Section

of the Humanities, Ph.D., Prof. emer.,


Nevalainen, Taimi Terttu Annikki, b. 1952, elected



Nevanlinna, Heikki Kai Olavi, b. 1947, elected 1985,


of Helsinki

Nevanlinna, Eero Olavi, b. 1948, elected 1987, Section

of Science, D.Sc. (Tech.), Prof. emer., Aalto

University

Niemelä, Ilkka Niilo Fredrik, b. 1961, elected 2013,


University

Niemelä, Pekka Juhani, b. 1949, elected 2014, Section


Turku

Niemi, Hannele Marjatta, b. 1948, elected 2004,


of Helsinki

Niemi, Johanna Taru Marja, b. 1957, elected 2020,



Niemi, Jussi, b. 1950, elected 2007, Section of the


Eastern Finland

Niemi, Marjaana, b. 1963, elected 2017, Section of

the Humanities, Ph.D., Prof., Tampere University

Niemi, Mikko Olavi, b. 1975, elected 2014, Section


Niemi, Pekka Olavi, b. 1948, elected 1996, Section

of the Humanities, PhD (Psych.), Prof. emer.,

University of Turku

Nieminen, Risto Matti, b. 1948, elected 1984, Section

of Science, D.Sc. (Tech.), Academician of

Science, Prof. emer., Aalto University

Niiniluoto, Ilkka Maunu Olavi, b. 1946, elected

1985, Section of the Humanities, PhD, Academician

of Science, Prof. emer., University of

Helsinki

Niinistö, Lauri Salomon, b. 1941, elected 1982, Section


University

Nikinmaa, Mikko Juhani, b. 1954, elected 1998, Section


Nikula, Riitta Kaarina, b. 1944, elected 1993, Section


of Helsinki

Nissinen, Martti Heikki, b. 1959, elected 2009, Section

of the Humanities, ThD, Prof., University

of Helsinki

Nordlund, Kai, b. 1969, elected 2017, Section of Science,


Norros, Ilkka, b. 1953, elected 2015, Section of Science,

Research Prof. emer., VTT

Nummelin, Esa, b. 1951, elected 2003, Section of

Science, D.Sc. (Tech.), Prof. emer., University of

Helsinki

Nummenmaa, Lauri, b. 1977, elected 2022, Section of


Nuorteva, Jussi Pekka, b. 1954, elected 2001, Section

of the Humanities, ThD, Director, retired,

National Archives of Finland; Chansellor of the

Orders of the White Rose of Finland and the

Lion of Finland

Nuorteva, Matti Kalevi, b. 1928, elected 1983, Section


Helsinki

Nuotio, Kimmo Teppo, b. 1959, elected 2012, Section


of Helsinki

Nurmi, Hannu, b. 1944, elected 1983, Section of the

Humanities, DSocSci, Prof. emer., University

of Turku

Nuutila, Pirjo Riitta, b. 1959, elected 2019, Section


Nyberg, Kaisa Tellervo, b. 1948, elected 2006, Section

of Science, PhD, Prof. emer., Aalto University

Nygård, Toivo, b. 1943, elected 2003, Section of the


Jyväskylä


Näätänen, Risto Kalervo, b. 1939, elected 1980,

Section of the Humanities, PhD, Academy Prof.

emer, Prof. emer., University of Tartu

Oja, Erkki, b. 1948, elected 1992, Section of Science,

D.Sc. (Tech.), Prof. emer., Aalto University

Oja, Hannu Frans Vilhelm, b. 1950, elected 2008, Section


Ojala, Jari Antero, b. 1968, elected 2018, Section


Jyväskylä

Ojala, Matti Juhani, b. 1944, elected 2001, Section


Helsinki

Oksman, Leevi Otto Juhani, b. 1931, elected 1976,


University of Oulu

Olkinuora, Erkki Tapio, b. 1943, elected 1991, Section


University of Turku

Ollikainen, Markku Martti Olavi, b. 1952, elected

2011, Section of Science, DSocSci, Prof., University

of Helsinki

Onikki-Rantajääskö, Tiina, b. 1960, elected 2016,


of Helsinki

Orponen, Olli Pekka, b. 1959, elected 2013, Section


Otonkoski, Timo Pyry Juhani, b. 1956, elected 2013,


Helsinki

Oulasvirta, Antti Olavi, elected 2019, Section of


Ovaskainen, Otso Tapio, b. 1970, elected 2013, Section


of Helsinki, Academy Prof.

Paalanen, Mikko Antero, b. 1948, elected 1992, Section


University

Paasi, Anssi Ilmari, b. 1955, elected 2001, Section of


Paavilainen, Eero Sampo Sakari, b. 1936, elected

1995, Section of Science, D.Sc., Prof. emer,

Finnish Forest Research Institute

Pahta, Päivi Irmeli, b. 1959, elected 2015, Section of

the Humanities, PhD, Prof., Tampere University

Pakkala, Juha Kalevi, elected 2020, Section of the

Humanities, ThD, Prof. emer., University of

Helsinki

Pakkanen, Tapani Antti, b. 1949, elected 1992, Section


Eastern Finland

Palander, Helli Marjatta, b. 1955, elected 2009, Section


of Eastern Finland

Palander-Collin, Minna Johanna, b. 1967, elected



Palmroth, Minna Maria Emilia, b. 1975, elected


of Helsinki

Paloheimo, Heikki Mauri Osmo, b. 1946, elected



Palonen, Kari Ilmari, b. 1947, elected 2005, Section


of Jyväskylä

Paloposki, Outi Helena, b. 1956, elected 2019, Section


of Turku

Palotie, Aarno, elected 2012, Section of Science,

M.D., Prof., University of Helsinki, Massachusetts

General Hospital and Broad Institute of

MIT and Harvard

Palva, Erkki Tapio, b. 1947, elected 1997, Section of


Palvimo, Jorma Juhani, b. 1959, elected 2016, Section


Finland

Pamilo, Pekka, b. 1949, elected 1999, Section of


Panula, Pertti Aarre Juhani, b. 1952, elected 2014,


Helsinki

Papunen, Heikki Tapani, b. 1936, elected 1984,


of Turku


Parpola, Asko Heikki Siegfried, b. 1941, elected



Parpola, Simo, elected 1993, Section of the Humanities,

Prof. emer., University of Helsinki

Parviainen, Jari Väinämö, b. 1950, elected 2004,

Section of Science, D.Sc., Prof. emer., Natural


Pasternack, Amos Isak, b. 1936, elected 1996, Section

of Science, M.D., Prof. emer., Tampere

University

Patomäki, Heikki Olavi, b. 1963, elected 2018, Section


of Helsinki

Pehkonen, Jaakko Kalevi, b. 1960, elected 2011, Section

of the Humanities, DEc, Prof., University

of Jyväskylä

Peikola, Matti Pellervo, b. 1967, elected 2022, Section


of Turku

Pekkanen, Tuomo Antero, b. 1934, elected 1982,



Pekola, Jukka, b. 1958, elected 2001, Section of Science,

D.Sc. (Tech.), Prof., Aalto University

Pelkonen, Reino Olavi, b. 1945, elected 2004, Section

of Science, M.D., Prof. emer., University

of Oulu

Pelkonen, Risto Lauri Agathon, b. 1931, elected

1992, Section of Science, M.D., Archiater, Prof.


Pellikka, Petri Kauko Emil, b. 1965, elected 2010,


Helsinki

Pellinen, Risto Juhani, b. 1944, elected 1990, Section

of Science, PhD, Prof. emer., Finnish Meteorological

Institute

Peltola, Heikki Olavi, b. 1943, elected 2004, Section


Helsinki

Peltola, Heli Maarit, b. 1965, elected 2018, Section

of Science, D.Sc., Prof., University of Eastern

Finland

Peltomäki, Päivi Tuulikki, b. 1959, elected 2012,


Helsinki

Peltonen, Markku Aimo Olavi, b. 1957, elected



Peltonen, Matti Tapani, b. 1952, elected 2011, Section



Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo, b. 1963, elected 2004, Section

of Science, D.Sc., Prof., Natural Resources

Institute Finland

Pennanen, Taina Liisa, elected 2021, Section of

Science, PhD, Research Prof., Natural Resources

Institute Finland

Pentikäinen, Juha Yrjänä, b. 1940, elected 1995,



Penttilä, Merja Elisa, elected 2015, Section of Science,

PhD, Research Prof., VTT

Penttonen, Martti Aleksander, b. 1948, elected



Perheentupa, Jaakko Pentti, b. 1934, elected 1991,


of Helsinki

Peräkylä, Anssi Matti, b. 1957, elected 2010, Section

of the Humanities, Ph.D., Prof., University of


Pesonen, Lauri Juhani, b. 1944, elected 2002, Section

of Science, Ph.D., Prof. emer., University

of Helsinki

Pessi, Anne Birgitta, b. 1975, elected 2012, Section


Helsinki

Pettersson, Mika Johannes, b. 1969, elected 2017,


Jyväskylä

Pettersson, Torsten Per Gustav, b. 1955, elected 1993,

Section of the Humanities, PhD, Prof., Uppsala

University

Piekkari, Rebecca, b. 1967, elected 2016, Section of

the Humanities, DEc, Prof., Aalto University


Pihko, Petri Matias, b. 1971, elected 2016, Section of


Pihlajamäki, Heikki Tapio, b. 1961, elected 2014,


of Helsinki, Academy Prof.

Pihlajaniemi, Taina Annikki, b. 1957, elected 1995,


Oulu

Pihlström, Sami, b. 1969, elected 2017, Section of the

Humanities, PhD, Prof., University of Helsinki

Piironen, Vieno Irene, b. 1955, elected 2008, Section


Piitulainen, Marja-Leena, b. 1945, elected 2005,


Tampere University

Pirttilä, Jukka Olavi, b. 1970, elected 2019, Section


of Helsinki

Pitkänen, Asla Sirkka Liisa, b. 1959, elected 2010,

Section of Science, M.D., PhD, Prof., University

of Eastern Finland

Pitkäranta, Markku Juhani, b. 1948, elected 2001,


Aalto University

Pohjola, Matti Tapani, b. 1950, elected 1996, Section

of the Humanities, D.Ph., Prof., Aalto University

Poso, Simo Johannes, b. 1938, elected 1995, Section


Helsinki

Poutanen, Juri, b. 1965, elected 2016, Section of Science,

PhD, Prof., University of Turku

Poutanen, Kaisa Sinikka, b. 1954, elected 2015,

Section of Science, D.Sc. (Tech.), Research Prof.

emer., VTT

Poutanen, Markku Juhani, b. 1955, elected 2009,

Section of Science, PhD, Prof., Secretary General,

International Association of Geodesy IAG

Poutiainen, Esko Kalevi, b. 1936, elected 1983, Section

of Science, D.Sc., Prof. emer., Agrifood

Research Finland

Primmer, Craig Robert, b. 1970, elected 2009,


Helsinki

Puhakka, Mikko Tapio, b. 1955, elected 2012, Section

of the Humanities, Ph.D., Prof., University

of Oulu

Pulkkinen, Lea Raakel, b. 1939, elected 1994, Section

of the Humanities, EdD, Prof. emer., University

of Jyväskylä

Pulkkinen, Tuija Kaarina, b. 1956, elected 2011,



Pulkkinen, Tuija Inkeri, b. 1962, elected 2001,

Section of Science, PhD, Chair, University of

Michigan

Punamäki, Raija-Leena Eliisa, b. 1952, elected 2007,

Section of the Humanities, PhD, Prof., Tampere

University

Punkkinen, Matti, b. 1939, elected 1982, Section of

Science, PhD, Prof. emer., University of Turku

Puolanne, Eero, b. 1947, elected 2001, Section of Science,

D.Sc., Prof. emer., University of Helsinki

Puska, Martti, elected 2006, Section of Science,


Puttonen, Pasi Kalevi, b. 1954, elected 2014, Section


Pyrhönen, Heta Marjatta, b. 1960, elected 2005,


of Helsinki

Pyykkö, Veli Pekka, b. 1941, elected 1989, Section of


Pyysiäinen, Ilkka Eljas, b. 1959, elected 2007, Section

of the Humanities, ThD, Prof. emer., University

of Helsinki

Pyörälä, Pertti Kalevi, b. 1930, elected 1982, Section


Kuopio

Päivänen, Eero Juhani, b. 1941, elected 1997, Section


Helsinki

Päivärinta, Lassi Juhani, b. 1954, elected 1991, Section

of Science, PhD, Prof., Tallinn University of

Technology

Pöysä, Hannu Kalervo, b. 1957, elected 2018, Section

of Science, PhD, Research Prof., Natural



Raitakari, Olli Tuomas, b. 1963, elected 2014,


Turku, Academy Prof.

Raitio, Juha Tapani, b. 1967, elected 2021, Section


Helsinki

Raivio, Kari Olavi, b. 1940, elected 1987, Section


Helsinki

Ranki, Päivi Annamari, elected 2010, Section of


Rantala, Veikko Reima, b. 1933, elected 1989, Section


University

Rantanen, Taina Tuulikki, b. 1959, elected 2022,


Jyväskylä

Rasila, Viljo Fridolf, b. 1926, elected 1982, Section

of the Humanities, DSocSci, Prof. emer., Tampere

University

Rasku-Puttonen, Helena Marjatta, b. 1952, elected

2015, Section of the Humanities, PhD (Psych.),

Prof., University of Jyväskylä

Raunio, Raimo Tapio, b. 1969, elected 2011, Section


University

Rauvala, Heikki Matti Eemeli, b. 1947, elected 2001,


of Helsinki

Rentola, Kimmo Kaleva, b. 1953, elected 2009, Section


of Helsinki

Repo, Timo Juhani, b. 1967, elected 2017, Section of


Riekkola, Marja-Liisa, b. 1953, elected 2007, Section


Riikonen, Hannu Kalevi H.K, b. 1948, elected 2002,



Rikkinen, Jouko Kalevi, b. 1961, elected 2015,


Helsinki

Rikkinen, Kalevi Vilho, b. 1936, elected 1983, Section


Helsinki

Rinne, Juha, b. 1960, elected 2021, Section of Science,


Rinne, Heikki Juhani, b. 1939, elected 2003, Section

of Science, PhD, Research Prof. emer., Finnish

Meteorological Institute

Rinne, Risto Armas Tapani, b. 1952, elected 2002,

Section of the Humanities, EdD, Prof., University

of Turku

Riska, Dan-Olof Wilhelm, b. 1944, elected 2001,



Rissanen, Kari Tapani, b. 1959, elected 2004,


Jyväskylä

Ritala, Mikko Kalervo, b. 1968, elected 2009, Section


Roos, Jeja Pekka J.P, b. 1945, elected 1995, Section of

the Humanities, DSocSci, Prof. emer., University

of Helsinki

Routti, Jorma Tapio, b. 1938, elected 1982, Section

of Science, Ph.D., former Director General of

DG XII

Rummukainen, Kari Olavi, b. 1962, elected 2009,



Ruoppila, Isto Raimo, b. 1935, elected 1992, Section


of Jyväskylä

Ruskoaho, Heikki Juhani, b. 1952, elected 2010,


Helsinki

Ruusuvuori, Johanna Elisabeth, b. 1964, elected

2015, Section of the Humanities, DSocSci, Prof.,

Tampere University

Räihä, Kari-Jouko, b. 1951, elected 2003, Section of


Räikkä, Juha Aimo Tapio, b. 1965, elected 2018,


of Turku


Räikkönen, Katri, b. 1963, elected 2012, Section of


Rämö, Osmo Tapani, b. 1959, elected 2004, Section


Räsänen, Markku Olavi, b. 1949, elected 2000,


of Helsinki

Saarenpää, Ahti, b. 1946, elected 2003, Section of

the Humanities, LL.D., Prof. emer., University

of Lapland

Saarinen, Hannes Kalervo, b. 1946, elected 2004,

Section of the Humanities, Dr. phil., Prof. emer.,


Saarinen, Jarkko Juhani, b. 1968, elected 2013, Section


Saarinen, Risto Juhani, b. 1959, elected 1999, Section

of the Humanities, ThD, PhD, Prof., University

of Helsinki

Saarinen, Sirkka Aulikki, b. 1954, elected 2002,


University of Turku

Saarinen, Timo Olavi, b. 1957, elected 2011, Section


University

Saarnisto, Matti Juhani, b. 1942, elected 1995,

Section of Science, PhD, Research Prof. emer.,

Geological Survey of Finland

Saastamoinen, Olli Juhani, b. 1945, elected 2004,


of Eastern Finland

Saikkonen, Pentti Juhani, b. 1952, elected 2011, Section

of Science, DSocSci, Prof. emer., University

of Helsinki

Sakaranaho, Tuula, b. 1955, elected 2014, Section of


Saksela, Eero Juhani, b. 1937, elected 1983, Section


Helsinki

Saksela, Kalle Martti, b. 1962, elected 2003, Section

of Science, M.D., Prof., University of

Helsinki

Saksman, Eero Antti, b. 1962, elected 2007, Section


Salmela-Aro, Jaana Katariina, b. 1961, elected 2018,

Section of the Humanities, PhD (Psych.), Prof.,

University of Helsinki, Academy Prof.

Salmelin, Riitta Helena, b. 1961, elected 2009,


University

Salmi, Hannu Juhani, b. 1961, elected 2017, Section


Turku

Salmi, Tapio Olavi, b. 1957, elected 2012, Section

of Science, D.Sc. (Tech.), Academy Prof., Åbo

Akademi, University

Salminen, Seppo Jaakko, b. 1954, elected 2013,


Turku

Salminen, Tapani Antero, b. 1962, elected 2004,


of Helsinki

Salmivalli, Eija Christina, b. 1967, elected 2020, Section


of Turku

Salo, Ahti Antero, b. 1962, elected 2017, Section of


Salo, Jouko Heikki Kalevi, b. 1959, elected 2013, Section


Salo, Mikko Johannes, b. 1979, elected 2020, Section


Salo, Tuula Anneli, b. 1958, elected 2010, Section of

Science, DMD, Prof., University of Oulu

Salomaa, Arto, elected 1970, Section of Science,

Academician of Science, Prof. emer., University

of Turku

Salomaa, Ralf Rainer Eerik, b. 1947, elected 2010,


Aalto University

Salomies, Olli Ilmari, b. 1951, elected 2001, Section


Helsinki

Salonen, Kirsi Leena, b. 1972, elected 2020, Section

of the Humanities, PhD, LL.D., Prof., University

of Bergen

Salonen, Veli-Pekka, b. 1952, elected 1997, Section of



Sammallahti, Pekka Lars Kalervo, b. 1947, elected


emer., University of Oulu

Sams, Mikko Ensio, b. 1953, elected 2018, Section of

the Humanities, PhD, Prof., Aalto University

Sandu, Niculae Gabriel, b. 1954, elected 2011, Section


of Helsinki

Sariola, Hannu, b. 1954, elected 2003, Section of Science,

M.D., Ph.D., Prof., University of Helsinki

Saukkonen, Pauli, b. 1933, elected 1992, Section of

the Humanities, PhD, Prof. emer., Institute of

the Languages of Finland

Saura, Anssi Jaakko Elias, b. 1943, elected 1985,

Section of Science, PhD, Prof. emer., Umeå

University

Savijärvi, Hannu Ilmari, b. 1947, elected 1999, Section


Helsinki

Savolainen, Markku Juhani, b. 1950, elected 2008,


of Oulu

Savolainen, Outi Anitra, b. 1951, elected 2002, Section

of Science, Ph.D., Prof., University of Oulu

Scheinin, Martin, b. 1954, elected 2003, Section


Oxford, part-time Prof., European University

Institute

Scheinin, Mika, b. 1952, elected 2009, Section of

Science, M.D., Prof., University of Turku

Schwab, Ursula Sonja, b. 1968, elected 2019, Section


Finland

Seppä, Heikki Tapani, b. 1964, elected 2013, Section


Seppälä, Jukka Veli, b. 1955, elected 2005, Section of


Seppälä, Markku Tapio, b. 1936, elected 1982, Section


Helsinki

Seppälä, Risto Juhani, b. 1943, elected 2001, Section

of Science, DSocSci, Prof. emer., Finnish Forest

Research Institute

Sihvola, Ari Henrik, b. 1957, elected 2007, Section

of Science, D.Sc. (Tech.), Prof., Aalto University

Sihvonen, Jukka Veli Olavi, b. 1953, elected 2014,


of Turku

Siirilä, Seppo Ilmari, b. 1937, elected 1985, Section of


Siiskonen, Harri Olavi, b. 1956, elected 2005, Section


of Eastern Finland

Sillanpää, Mika Erik Tapio, elected 2018, Section

of Science, D.Sc. (Tech.), Visiting Prof, Florida

International University

Sillanpää, Mika Antero, b. 1976, elected 2016, Section


Siltala, Juha Heikki, b. 1957, elected 2014, Section


Helsinki

Siltala, Raimo Olavi, elected 2022, Section of the

Humanities, LL.D., Prof., University of Turku

Siltanen, Samuli, b. 1970, elected 2020, Section of


Silvennoinen, Olli Juhani, b. 1960, elected 2002,

Section of Science, M.D., Prof., Tampere University

Simell, Olli Gunnar, b. 1945, elected 2003, Section


Turku

Simola, Hannu Jaakko, b. 1950, elected 2014, Section

of the Humanities, EdD, Prof. emer., University

of Helsinki

Simola, Liisa Kaarina, b. 1938, elected 1987, Section


Helsinki

Sintonen, Matti Tapani, b. 1951, elected 2008, Section


of Helsinki

Sipilä, Jorma Jaakko Kalevi, b. 1945, elected 2000,


Tampere University

Siponen, Timo Mikko Tapani, b. 1974, elected 2019,

Section of Science, PhD, DSocSci, Prof., University

of Jyväskylä


Sistonen, Lea Tuulikki, b. 1959, elected 2004, Section

of Science, PhD, Prof., Åbo Akademi University

Sisula-Tulokas, Lena, b. 1945, elected 2001, Section


of Helsinki

Sivonen, Anna Kaarina, b. 1954, elected 2002, Section


Slotte, Pamela Paulina, elected 2022, Section of the

Humanities, ThD, Prof., Åbo Akademi University

Snellman, Hanna Kyllikki, b. 1961, elected 2010,


of Helsinki

Soininen, Hilkka Sirkku, b. 1950, elected 2010, Section


Eastern Finland

Solin, Heikki Lauri Abel, b. 1938, elected 1983,



Sollamo, Raija Tellervo, b. 1942, elected 2006,



Somersalo, Erkki Jaakko, b. 1960, elected 2007,

Section of Science, PhD, Prof., Case Western

Reserve University

Sorjonen, Marja-Leena, b. 1956, elected 2015, Section


of Helsinki

Sorsa, Veikko Valio, b. 1928, elected 1979, Section of


Stark, Laura Michelle, b. 1966, elected 2013, Section

of the Humanities, PhD, Prof., Univ. of Jyväskylä

Steinby, Eva Margareta, b. 1938, elected 2000,


University of Oxford

Stenbacka, Leif Rune, b. 1960, elected 2010, Section

of the Humanities, DSocSci, Prof., Hanken

School of Economics

Stoddard, Frederick Lothrop Fred, b. 1958, elected


of Helsinki

Strandberg, Timo Einar, b. 1953, elected 2013, Section


and University of Oulu

Suhonen, Jouni Tapio, b. 1956, elected 2019, Section


Sulkunen, Irma Hilda Tuulikki, b. 1948, elected



Sulkunen, Pekka Juhani, b. 1948, elected 2002,



Sun, Zhipei, b. 1978, elected 2022, Section of Science,


Sundholm, Dage Mats Börje, b. 1957, elected 2015,


Helsinki

Suomela-Härmä, Marja Elina, b. 1946, elected



Suominen, Juha Kalevi, b. 1940, elected 1973, Section


Helsinki

Suominen, Kalle-Antti, b. 1964, elected 2002, Section


Syrjälä, Leena, b. 1947, elected 2001, Section of the

Humanities, PhD, Prof. emer., University of Oulu

Sänkiaho, Risto Heikki, b. 1941, elected 2001, Section


Tampere University

Taalas, Jukka Petteri, b. 1961, elected 2009, Section

of Science, PhD, Secretary General, WMO

Taavitsainen, Irma, elected 2004, Section of the

Humanities, Prof. emer., University of Helsinki

Taavitsainen, Jussi-Pekka, b. 1951, elected 2004,


of Turku

Tahvonen, Olli Ilari, b. 1958, elected 2010, Section

of the Humanities, DEc, Prof., University of

Helsinki

Tainio, Risto, b. 1947, elected 1992, Section of the

Humanities, DEc, Prof. emer., Aalto University

Taipale, Jussi, b. 1968, elected 2020, Section of Science,


Tanila, Heikki Juhani, b. 1962, elected 2020, Section


Finland


Tanskanen, Antti Johannes, b. 1946, elected 1993, Section

of the Humanities, PhD (Econ.), Prof., University

of Jyväskylä, former Director of OP Group

Tanskanen, Sanna-Kaisa, b. 1965, elected 2017, Section


of Helsinki

Tarasti, Eero Aarne Pekka, b. 1948, elected 1987,



Tarkiainen, Kari, b. 1938, elected 2000, Section of

the Humanities, PhD, retired Director, Prof., National

Archives of Finland, State Archivist emer.

Tarkka, Lotte Maria, b. 1963, elected 2012, Section


Helsinki

Taskinen, Marja-Riitta, b. 1940, elected 2002,


of Helsinki

Teeri, Teemu Heikki, b. 1956, elected 2010, Section


Tenhu, Heikki Juhani, b. 1955, elected 2013, Section


Tenkanen, Tiina Maija, b. 1963, elected 2016, Section


of Helsinki

Tepora, Jarno Kalervo, b. 1948, elected 2004, Section

of the Humanities, LL.D., Prof. emer.,


Tervo-Niemelä, Kati, b. 1972, elected 2017, Section


Eastern Finland

Thesleff, Irma Paula Nathalia, b. 1948, elected 1994,

Section of Science, MDM, Academician of Science,

Prof. emer., University of Helsinki

Thuneberg, Erkki Veikko, b. 1955, elected 2005,


University of Oulu

Tiitinen, Kari-Pekka, b. 1944, elected 2005, Section


of Helsinki

Tiittula, Liisa Maria, b. 1950, elected 2009, Section


of Helsinki

Tikkanen, Matti J., b. 1943, elected 2003, Section


Helsinki

Tilvis, Reijo, b. 1945, elected 2005, Section of Science,

M.D., Prof. emer., University of Helsinki

Tirri, Kirsi Anne Helena, b. 1961, elected 2006, Section

of the Humanities, EdD, Prof., University

of Helsinki

Tkachenko, Nikolai, b. 1957, elected 2022, Section

of Science, PhD, Prof., Tampere University

Toivanen, Auli Marjaana, b. 1938, elected 1991,


of Turku

Toivanen, Otto Iisakki, b. 1965, elected 2020, Section

of the Humanities, PhD, Prof., Aalto

University

Toivanen, Reetta Johanna, elected 2021, Section


Helsinki

Toivo, Raisa Maria, b. 1972, elected 2021, Section

of the Humanities, PhD, Prof., Tampere University

Toivonen, Hannu Tauno Tapani, b. 1967, elected


of Helsinki

Tomppo, Erkki Olavi, b. 1947, elected 2002, Section

of Science, DSocSci, Research Prof. emer., Natural


Toom, Auli Mari Hannele, b. 1975, elected 2020,


of Helsinki

Toppari, Jorma Into Kalervo, b. 1958, elected 2013,


Turku

Toppinen, Anne, b. 1966, elected 2020, Section of


Tryggvason, Karl, b. 1947, elected 1992, Section of

Science, M.D., Prof. emer., Karolinska Institute

Tukia, Pekka Pertti, b. 1945, elected 1992, Section of


Tuomala, Matti, b. 1949, elected 2001, Section of

the Humanities, DSocSci, Prof. emer., Tampere

University


Tuomi, Juha Antero, b. 1953, elected 1999, Section

of Science, PhD, Prof. emer., University of Oulu

Tuomilehto, Jaakko Olavi Iivari, b. 1946, elected

2004, Section of Science, M.D., Prof. emer.,


Tuomisto, Hanna Marjaana, b. 1965, elected 2021,


Turku

Tuomisto, Jarmo Juhani, b. 1952, elected 2006, Section


of Turku

Tuomisto, Jouko Juhani, b. 1939, elected 1994,

Section of Science, M.D., PhD, Research Prof.

emer., National Public Health Institute of Finland

Tuononen, Heikki Markus, b. 1978, elected 2021,


Jyväskylä

Tuori, Kaarlo Heikki, b. 1948, elected 1994, Section


of Helsinki

Tuori, Kaius Tapani, b. 1974, elected 2020, Section


Helsinki

Tuorila, Hely Margareetta, b. 1950, elected 2010,


Helsinki

Turpeinen, Oiva Paavo, b. 1942, elected 2005, Section

of the Humanities, PhD, Prof. h.c.

Turunen, Tauno Ensio, b. 1946, elected 1998, Section


Oulu

Törmä, Päivi, b. 1969, elected 2006, Section of Science,

PhD, Prof., Aalto University

Törmälä, Pertti Olavi, b. 1945, elected 1994, Section

of Science, PhD, Academy Prof. emer., Tampere


Ukkonen, Esko Juhani, b. 1950, elected 2000, Section


Helsinki

Uotila, Pertti Johannes, b. 1943, elected 2003, Section

of Science, PhD, Prof. emer, University of

Helsinki

Urtti, Arto Olavi, b. 1956, elected 2012, Section of


Usoskin, Ilya, b. 1965, elected 2019, Section of Science,

PhD, Prof., University of Oulu

Utriainen, Terhi Pepita, elected 2021, Section of the

Humanities, PhD, Prof., University of Helsinki

Uusikylä, Kari Tapio, b. 1945, elected 1999, Section


of Helsinki

Uusitalo, Liisa Anneli, b. 1944, elected 1997, Section


University

Uusitupa, Matti Ilmari Julius, b. 1946, elected 2005,


of Eastern Finland

Vaara, Eero, b. 1968, elected 2022, Section of the

Humanities, DEc, Prof., University of Oxford

Vaara, Juha Tapani, b. 1967, elected 2021, Section of


Vaarala, Outi Minna Anneli, b. 1962, elected 2014, Section


Vaattovaara, Mari Kaarina, b. 1967, elected 2016,


of Helsinki

Waenerberg, Leeni Annika, b. 1952, elected 2005,



Vaheri, Antti Ilmari, b. 1938, elected 1985, Section


Helsinki

Vahtola, Jouko Olavi, b. 1949, elected 2001, Section


of Oulu

Vainio, Martti, b. 1960, elected 2020, Section of the

Humanities, Prof., University of Helsinki

Vainio, Olli-Pekka, b. 1976, elected 2021, Section of the

Humanities, ThD, Prof., University of Helsinki

Vainio-Korhonen, Kirsi Maaria, b. 1958, elected


University of Turku

Valkonen, Jari Pekka Tapani, b. 1964, elected 2004,


of Helsinki


Valkonen, Yrjö Tapani, b. 1941, elected 1991, Section



Wallenius, Ilkka Jyrki, b. 1949, elected 2002, Section


University

Valmari, Antti Arvi, b. 1961, elected 2008, Section

of Science, D.Sc. (Tech.), Prof., University of

Jyväskylä

Valtonen, Mauri Juhani, b. 1945, elected 2009, Section

of Science, Ph.D., Prof. emer., University

of Turku

Vanhatalo, Aila Orvokki, b. 1960, elected 2016,


Helsinki

Vapaatalo, Heikki Ilmari, b. 1939, elected 1985,


of Helsinki

Vapalahti, Olli, b. 1963, elected 2018, Section of Science,

M.D., Prof., University of Helsinki

Varantola, Eeva Krista Johanna, b. 1946, elected



Vartiainen, Hannu Kalevi, b. 1968, elected 2022,



Wartiovaara, Anu Elina, b. 1966, elected 2007,



Vasander, Harri Tapani, b. 1954, elected 2010, Section


Vattulainen, Ilpo Tapio, b. 1968, elected 2021, Section

of Science, D. Sc. (Tech.), Prof., University

of Helsinki

Vauras, Marja Merja Sinikka, b. 1953, elected 2013,


of Turku

Vehkamäki, Hanna Tuula Katariina, b. 1969, elected


of Helsinki

Vehviläinen, Olli-Pekka, b. 1933, elected 1994, Section

of the Humanities, Prof. emer., Tampere

University

Veijola, Riitta, b. 1960, elected 2021, Section of Science,

Prof., University of Oulu

Ventola, Eija Maritta, b. 1951, elected 2011, Section

of the Humanities, Ph.D., Prof. emer., Aalto

University

Vepsäläinen, Kari Antero, b. 1942, elected 1984,


Helsinki

Vesala, Timo Veikko, b. 1963, elected 2005, Section


Westermarck, Jukka, b. 1969, elected 2017, Section

of Science, M.D., Prof., University of Turku,

Research Director, Turku Bioscience Centre

Wiberg, Matti Johannes, b. 1954, elected 2003,


University of Turku

Vihavainen, Timo Juhani, b. 1947, elected 2009,



Vihervuori, Aimo Pekka, b. 1950, elected 2005,

Section of the Humanities, LL.D., President,

retired, Supreme Administrative Court

Vihko, Reijo Kalevi, b. 1939, elected 1982, Section


Oulu

Viikari, Jorma Sauli Antero, b. 1947, elected 2004,


of Turku

Viisanen, Yrjö Antero, b. 1959, elected 2008, Section

of Science, PhD, Research Director, Finnish

meteorological Institute

Viljamaa, Toivo Matti Johannes, b. 1937, elected


emer., University of Turku

Vilkki, Helmi Johanna, b. 1956, elected 2006, Section

of Science, PhD, Prof. emer., Natural Resources

Institute Finland

Vilkuna, Janne Tapio, b. 1954, elected 2003, Section


Jyväskylä

Vilkuna, Kustaa Heikki Juhani, b. 1966, elected




Virén, Matti Eino Ensio, b. 1948, elected 1997, Section


University of Turku

Virrankoski, Pentti Akseli, b. 1929, elected 1979,


University of Turku

Virta, Marko Petri Juhani, b. 1968, elected 2022, Section


Virtanen, Keijo Aarre, b. 1945, elected 2000, Section


of Turku

Visakorpi, Jarmo Kustaa, b. 1931, elected 1987,

Section of Science, M.D., Prof. emer., Tampere

University

Visakorpi, Tapio, b. 1965, elected 2007, Section of

Science, M.D., Prof., Tampere University

Wrede, Johan Otto Wilhelm, b. 1935, elected 1982,



Vuola, Elina Inkeri Tellervo, b. 1960, elected 2019,


of Helsinki

Vuorinen, Aleksi Risto Johannes, b. 1980, elected


of Helsinki

Vuorinen, Tapani, b. 1957, elected 2020, Section of


Vuorio, Eero Ilkka, b. 1948, elected 1998, Section of

Science, M.D., Prof. emer., University of Turku

Wähälä, Kristiina, elected 2014, Section of Science,

PhD, Prof. emer., University of Helsinki

Väisälä, Jussi Ilmari, b. 1935, elected 1971, Section of


Välimäki, Juuso Tapani, b. 1966, elected 2007,

Section of the Humanities, PhD, Prof., Aalto

University

Väyrynen, Raimo Veikko Antero, b. 1947, elected



Väänänen, Jouko Antero, b. 1950, elected 2002,


Helsinki

Väänänen, Heikki Kalervo, b. 1952, elected 2000,


Turku

Yki-Järvinen, Hannele, b. 1956, elected 2001,


Helsinki

Yli-Halla, Markku Juhani, b. 1956, elected 2020,


of Helsinki

Yli-Jokipii, Pentti Olavi, b. 1941, elected 1988, Section


Turku

Yli-Kauhaluoma, Jari Tapani, b. 1966, elected 2020,


Helsinki

Ylikangas, Heikki Eemeli, b. 1937, elected 1993,



Ylikorkala, Reino Olavi, b. 1942, elected 1996,


of Helsinki

Ylikoski, Jussi Mika Petteri, b. 1974, elected 2022,


of Turku

Yliperttula, Marjo Liisa, b. 1960, elected 2019,


Helsinki

Ylä-Herttuala, Seppo Pasi Antero, b. 1957, elected

2006, Section of Science, M.D., Prof., University

of Eastern Finland

Ylätalo, Eero Matti Olavi, b. 1946, elected 1999,


of Helsinki

Zetterberg, Seppo Juhani, b. 1945, elected 2006,



Zhao, Guoying, b. 1977, elected 2022, Section of

Science, Ph.D., Prof., University of Oulu, Academy

Prof.

Äystö, Juha Heikki Eskeli, b. 1948, elected 1997,


of Jyväskylä


External members

31 December 2022

Each member’s name, year of birth and

year of election to membership are given,

followed by the person’s academic

qualification and present position or last

position occupied before retirement.

Achtenhagen, Frank, b. 1939, elected 1999, Dr. rer.

pol., Prof. of Economics and Business Education

and Management Training, Director, University

of Göttingen

Aleskerov, Fuad, b. 1951, elected 2021, D.Sc., Prof.,

Head of the Department of Mathematics for

Economics, National Research University

Allik, Jüri, b. 1949, elected 1997, Ph.D., Prof. of

experimental psychology, University of Tartu

Andreev, Alexander Feodorovich, b. 1939, elected

2002, Academician, Prof., Director, Kapitza

Institute for Physical Problems, Vice-President,

Russian Academy of Sciences

Anttila, Raimo, b. 1935, elected 1995, Prof. emer. of

Indo European Linguistics, University of California,

Los Angeles

Arnborg, Stefan Robert, b. 1945, elected 2013, Ph.D.,

Prof. emer., Royal Institute of Technology

Arter, David, b. 1944, elected 2001, Ph.D., Emeritus

Prof. of Politics, University of Aberdeen, Research

Director (Political Science), University of

Tampere

Asiegbu, Fred Obioma, b. 1961, elected 2017, Ph.D.,

Prof. of Forest Pathology, University of Helsinki

Bengtsson, Olof Lennart, b. 1935, elected 1998, Dr.,

Prof. emer. of Geophysics, Max Planck Institute

for Meteorology

Bertinetto, Pier Marco, b. 1947, elected 2006, Full

Prof. of General Linguistics, Scuola Normale

Superiore of Pisa

Birmelé, Marc André, b. 1949, elected 2000, Doctorat

en Sciences religieuses, Doctorat J‘Etat en

théologie, Prof. of Dogmatic Theology, University

of Strasbourg

Bova, George Steven, elected 2018, M.D., Prof., personalized

cancer medicine, Tampere University

Bradley, Raymond Stuart, b. 1948, elected 2008, Distinguished

Prof., University of Massachusetts

Brickmont, Jean Louis Joseph, b. 1952, elected 2013,

Ph.D., Prof. emeritus, Universite Catholique de

Louvain la Neuve

Bringéus, Nils-Arvid, elected 1979, Prof. emer. of

Ethnology, Lund University

Buchwald, Vagn Fabritius, b. 1929, elected 1994,

D.Sc., Docent, retired, Technical University of

Denmark

Bünzli, Jean-Claude G, b. 1944, elected 1998, Dr.-

Ing. Chem., Prof. of Chemistry, ETH Lausanne

Bäckvall, Jan-Erling, b. 1947, elected 1996, Tekn.

Dr., Prof. of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm

University

Carleson, Lennart Axel Edvard, b. 1928, elected

1970, Ph.D., Prof. emer., Royal Institute of

Technology


de Castro, Ivo Jose, b. 1945, elected 1996, Prof. de

História da Língua Portuguesa, University of

Lisbon

Chaniotis, Angelos, b. 1959, elected 2009, Dr., Prof.

of Ancient History and Classics, Princeton

University

Cheeger, Jeff, b. 1943, elected 1998, Prof. of Mathematics,

New York University

Clark, Peter Alan, b. 1944, elected 2006, Ph.D.,

Prof. of European Urban History, University of

Helsinki

Crone, Elizabeth Ellen, b. 1969, elected 2017, Ph.D.,

Prof. of population ecology and dynamics, Tufts

University

Deppermann, Arnulf, b. 1964, elected 2018, Prof.

Dr., Prof. of German Linguistics, University of

Mannheim

Diamond, Jared Mason, b. 1937, elected 2000, Ph.D.,

Prof. of Geography, University of California,

Los Angeles

Dobaczewski, Jacek Jan, b. 1952, elected 2015, Prof.,

University of Jyväskylä, University of York

DuBois, Thomas, b. 1960, elected 2016, Ph.D.,

Halls-Bascom Professor of Scandinavian Studies,

Folklore, and Religious Studies, University

of Wisconsin-Madison

Duchhardt, Heinz, b. 1943, elected 2003, Prof. Dr.,

Director, Leibniz Institute of European History

Dunbar, Robin Ian MacDonald, b. 1947, elected

2021, MA, PhD, DSc (Hons), Prof. emer. of

evolutionary psychology, University of Oxford

Eck, Werner, b. 1939, elected 1998, Prof. ordinarius

for Ancient History, University of Cologne

Eldridge, Richard, b. 1953, elected 2010, Ph.D.,

Charles and Harriett Cox McDowell Prof. of

Philosophy, Swarthmore College

Enflo, Kerstin Sofia, b. 1978, elected 2021, Prof. of

economic history, Lund University

Engwall, Gunnel Birgitta, b. 1942, elected 2014, fil.

dr., Prof., Stockholm University

Engwall, Lars Otto Victor, b. 1942, elected 1998,

fil.dr., Prof. emer. of business administration,

Uppsala University

Enss, Christian Walter Dietrich, b. 1960, elected

2016, Dr., Full Professor, Kirchhoff-Institute for

Physics, Heidelberg University

Eriksson, Ove Jörgen, b. 1956, elected 2014, Prof.,

Stockholm University

Fuglede, Bent, b. 1925, elected 1980, Dr. phil., Prof.

emer. of Mathematics, University of Copenhagen

Gaddis, John Lewis, b. 1941, elected 1985, Ph.D., Robert

A. Lovett Prof. of History, Yale University

Galdia, Marcus, b. 1961, elected 2017, Dr.phil.,

Dr.iur., Associate Prof. of Law, International

University of Monaco

Garzón Valdés, Ernesto, b. 1927, elected 1989, Dr.

jur., Dr. h.c. mult., Prof. emer., Johannes Gutenberg

University of Mainz

Gerber, Robert Benny, b. 1944, elected 2007, D.Ph.,

Saerree K. and Louis P. Fiedler Prof. of Chemistry,

Hebrew University, Prof. of Chemistry,

University of California, Irvine

Giron Alconchel, José Luis, b. 1947, elected 1997,

Doctor en Filologia Hispánica, Catedrático de

Historia de la Lengua Española, Complutense

University of Madrid

Granberg, Hardy B, b. 1943, elected 1998, Ph.D.,

Professeur agrégé, Univeristé de Sherbrooke

Greenlees, Paul Thomas, b. 1973, elected 2018, PhD,

Prof. of Physics, University of Jyväskylä

Groten, Erwin, b. 1935, elected 1997, Dr.-Ing., Prof.,

Darmstadt University of Technology

Hambraeus, Leif Magnus, b. 1936, elected 1997,

Med.Dr., Prof. emer. human nutrition, Uppsala

University

Heide, Ola Mikal, b. 1931, elected 1995, Dr. agric.,

Prof. emer. of Botany, Norwegian University of

Life Sciences

Heikkilä, Walter J, b. 1928, elected 1977, Prof. emer.

of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas

Helenius, Ari, b. 1944, elected 2003, Ph.D., Prof. of

Biochemistry, ETH Zürich

Hinkkanen, Aimo Heikki Juhani, b. 1958, elected

2005, fil. toht., Prof. of Mathematics, University

of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign


Holler, Manfred, b. 1946, elected 2022, Prof. of

economics, University of Hamburg

Holly, Michael Ann, b. 1944, elected 2011, Ph.D.,

Starr Director of Research and Academic Program,

Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute

Holmström, Bengt Robert, b. 1949, elected 2007,

Ph.D., Paul A. Samuelson Prof. of Economics,

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT

Holsti, Kalevi J, b. 1935, elected 2005, Prof. emer.

of Political Science, University of British Columbia

Hroch, Miroslav, b. 1932, elected 1996, Ph.D. h.c.,

Ph.D., Dr. Sc., emer. University Prof. of History,

Charles University Prague

Hugdahl, Kenneth, b. 1948, elected 2002, Ph.D.,

Prof., University of Bergen

Hutcheon, Linda, b. 1947, elected 2010, Ph.D., Prof.

emer. of English and Comparative Literature,

University of Toronto

Hånell, Björn Olof, b. 1951, elected 2014, Dr., Prof.,

Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

Häyry, Matti, elected 2005, Dr. Soc. Sci., Prof. of

Philosophy of Management, Aalto University

Hökfelt, Tomas Gustav Magnus, b. 1940, elected

2018, PhD, Prof. emer. of histology, Karolinska

Institut

Hösch, Edgar Johann, b. 1935, elected 1996, Dr.

phil., Prof. emer. of history, Ludwig Maximilian

University of Munich

Imahori, Hiroshi, b. 1961, elected 2018, Prof., Kyoto

University

Iwaniec, Tadeusz, b. 1947, elected 2012, Ph.D.,

FiDiPro Prof., University of Helsinki, John

Raymond French Prof. of Mathematics, Syracuse

University

Jacobs, Howard Trevor Howy, b. 1955, elected 2002,

Ph.D., Prof. of Molecular Biology, Tampere

University

Jauho, Antti-Pekka, b. 1952, elected 2003, Prof. of

Theoretical Nanotechnology, Technical University

of Denmark

Jeltsch, Rolf, b. 1945, elected 2002, Dr., Full Prof.,

ETH Zürich

Johannessen, Ola M, b. 1938, elected 1997, Prof.

emer., University of Bergen

Johansen, Hans-Christian, b. 1935, elected 1997,

Dr. Oecon, Prof. emer. of Economic and Social

History, University of Southern Denmark

Johansson, Bror Henning, b. 1940, elected 1998,

Ph.D., Prof. emer. of Education, Jönköping

University

Jonson, Mats Sigvard, b. 1947, elected 2013, Ph.D.,

Prof. of Physics, University of Gothenburg

Jänne, Pasi A, elected 2016, Prof. of Medicine,

Harvard Medical School

Jänterä-Jareborg, Maarit, b. 1954, elected 2008, Jur.

dr., Prof. of Private International Law and International

Civil Procedure, Uppsala University

Jäättelä, Marja Helena, b. 1963, elected 2016, MD,

Ph.D., Head of Research Unit, Danish Cancer

Society Research Center

Kanninen, Markku Tapani, b. 1952, elected 2004,

Ph. Sci. Agric. For., Prof. of tropical silviculture,


Kasimov, Nikolay, b. 1946, elected 2021, Dean/

President, Faculty of Geography, Moscow State

University

Kenttämaa, Hilkka Inkeri, b. 1954, elected 2004,

Prof. of Organic and Analytical Chemistry,

Purdue University

Kertész, János, elected 2021, Dr. rer. nat., D.Sc.,

Prof., Head of Department of Network and

Data Science, Central European University

Klabbers, Johannes Antonius Maria Jan, b. 1963,

elected 2014, Dr., Academy Prof. (Martti

Ahtisaari Chair), Prof. of International Law,


Klingemann, Hans-Dieter Albert Robert, b. 1937,

elected 1999, Dr. rer. pol., Prof. emer. of Political

Science, Free University of Berlin

Knott, Kim, b. 1955, elected 2016, Ph.D., Prof. of

Religious and Secular Studies, Lancaster University

Kolaitis, Phokion Gerasimos, b. 1950, elected 2007,

Ph.D., Prof. of Computer Science, University

of California, Santa Cruz


Kolstad, Nils Kristoffer, b. 1930, elected 1998, Dr.

agric., Prof. emer. of Agriculture, Agricultural

University of Norway

Krajcik, Joseph, b. 1952, elected 2021, Prof., Michigan

State University

Krosby, Hans Peter, b. 1929, elected 1978, Ph.D.,

Prof. of History, State University of New York

at Albany

Kuich, Werner, b. 1941, elected 1988, Dr. phil., Dr.

h.c., Prof. of Mathematics and Theoretical

Informatics, Vienna University of Technology

Kusch, Martin Paul Heinrich, b. 1959, elected 2008,

Dr., Applied Philosophy of Science and Epistemology,

University of Vienna

Kuznetsov, Nikolay, b. 1979, elected 2020, Dr. Sci.,

Prof. and Head of the Department of Applied

Cybernetics, Saint-Petersburg State University;

Head of the Laboratory of information and

control systems, Russian Academy of Science

Kytö, Merja Maija, elected 2016, Prof. of English

language, Uppsala University

Landsberg, Joseph John Joe, b. 1938, elected 1999,

B.Sc, Ph.D., Adjunct Prof., Charles Sturt University

(New South Wales), Prof. emer., The

University of Queensland

Lang, Valter, b. 1958, elected 2017, Ph.D., Prof. of

Archaeology, University of Tartu and University

of Turku

Lepore, Ernest, b. 1950, elected 2014, Ph.D., Prof.

of Philosophy, Rutgers University, Center for

Cognitive Science

Levin, Christoph, b. 1950, elected 2014, Dr. theol.,

Prof. of Old Testament Studies, Ludwig Maximilian


Ley, Steven Victor, b. 1945, elected 2007, Ph.D., Prof.

of Chemistry, University of Cambridge

Lloyd, Alan Christopher, b. 1950, elected 2016, Ph.D.,

Emeritus Prof., University of New England

Löfstedt, Leena, b. 1937, elected 1995, former Prof.

of Romance Philology, University of Jyväskylä

Marchello-Nizia, Christiane Marie, b. 1941, elected

2002, Docteur d’ Etat, Prof. emer., École normale

supérieure de Lyon

Martin, Gaven John, b. 1958, elected 2016, Ph.D.,

Distinguished Professor of Mathematics, Massey

University

Maurer, Hermann, b. 1941, elected 1996, Dr., Prof.

emer., Graz University of Technology

McLerran, Larry, b. 1949, elected 2000, Senior

Scientist, Brookhaven National Laboratory

McMahon, April Mary Scott, b. 1964, elected 2008,

Ph.D., Vice-President for Teaching, Learning and

Students, University of Manchester

Mieder, Wolfgang, b. 1944, elected 1996, Dr., Prof.

of German and Folklore, University of Vermont

Mitra, Sanjit Kumar, b. 1935, elected 2013, Ph.D.,

Research Prof. of Electrical and Computer Engineering,

University of California, Santa Barbara

Moen, Asbjörn, b. 1944, elected 2006, D.Phil.,

Prof. in Vegetation Ecology and Conservation

Biology, Norwegian University of Science and

Technology

Mondada, Lorenza, b. 1963, elected 2017, Prof. Dr.

Dr. h.c., Full Prof. of general linguistics and

French linguistics, University of Basel

Moore, John C, elected 2016, Prof., Beijing Normal

University and University of Lapland

Morrill, John Stephen, b. 1946, elected 2002, D.Phil.,

D.Litt., F.B.A, Prof. of British and Irish History,

University of Cambridge

Motohashi, Yoichi, b. 1944, elected 1999, Ph.D.,

Ph.D. h.c. (University of Turku), Prof. of Mathematics,

Nihon University

Muglia, Louis Joseph, b. 1959, elected 2020, MD,

PhD, President and CEO, Burroughs Wellcome

Fund, Adj. Prof. of pediatrics, University of

Cincinnati

Nakajima, Hiroshi, b. 1923, elected 1984, Ed. D.

(Hon.), Prof. emer. of Education, Waseda University

Nembach, Ulrich Reinhard, b. 1935, elected 1997, Dr.

theol., Dr. iur., Prof. emer. of practical theology,

University of Göttingen

Niemann, Hermann Michael, b. 1948, elected 2000,

Dr. theol.habil., Prof. of Old Testament Studies

and Biblical Archaeology, Rostock University


Niemi, Richard Gene, b. 1941, elected 2002, Ph.D.,

Don Alonzo Watson Prof. of Political Science,

University of Rochester

Nilsson, Lars-Göran, b. 1944, elected 1993, Prof. of

Psychology, Stockholm University

Noble, Allen G, b. 1930, elected 2000, Distinguished

Prof. emer. of Geography and Planning, University

of Akron

Norris, Margot, b. 1944, elected 2008, Ph.D., Chancellor’s

Prof. of English and Comparative Literature,


Nurmikko, Arto Veikko, b. 1945, elected 2010,

Ph.D., Herbert Ballou University Prof. of Engineering

and Physics, Brown University

Olesen, Jens Ejnar, b. 1950, elected 2003, Dr. phil.,

Prof. of Nordic History, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt

University Greifswald

Opgenoorth, Hermann Josef, b. 1951, elected 1997,

Prof., Swedish Institute of Space Physics

Ott, Hans Rudolf, b. 1940, elected 2005, Prof. emer.

of physics, ETH Zürich

Ottersen, Ole Petter, b. 1955, elected 2017, MD,

Ph.D., Prof., Rector, Karolinska Institute

Pickett, George Richard, b. 1939, elected 1998,

D.Phil., Prof. of Low Temperature Physics,

Lancaster University

Pulkkinen, Antti, b. 1974, elected 2022, Director of

the Heliophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard

Space Flight Center

Reedijk, Jan, b. 1943, elected 1997, Prof. of Chemistry,

Leiden Institute of Chemistry

Reimann, Hans-Martin, b. 1941, elected 1994, Prof.

emer. of Mathematics, University of Bern

Rieger, Bernhard, b. 1959, elected 2008, Dr.,

WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry,

Director of Institute of Silicon Chemistry, Technical


Risku, Hanna Maria, b. 1967, elected 2016, Dr.,

University Prof., Department of Translation

Studies, University of Vienna

Robinson, Douglas Jack, b. 1954, elected 2020, PhD,

Prof. of translating and interpreting, Chinese

University of Hong Kong

Rojas, Orlando, b. 1962, elected 2017, Ph.D., Prof. of

Biobased Materials, Aalto University

Romaine, Suzanne, b. 1951, elected 2010, Ph.D.,

Merton Prof. emer. of English Language, University

of Oxford

Rose, Richard, b. 1933, elected 1985, D.Phil., FBA,

Director, Centre for the Study of Public Policy,

Prof. of Politics, University of Strathclyde

Rozenberg, Grzegorz, b. 1942, elected 1984, Prof. of

Computer Science, Leiden University

Ruin, Olof Kristian, b. 1927, elected 1982, Ph.D.,

Lars Hierta prof. emer. of Government, Stockholm

University

Ruud, Kenneth, b. 1969, elected 2014, Dr. Philos.,

Prof., University of Tromsø - The Arctic University

of Norway

Saari, Donald Gene, b. 1940, elected 2009, Ph.D.,

Distinguished Prof. of Mathematics and Economics,


Saarma, Mart, b. 1949, elected 2000, Ph.D., Director,

Finnish Centre of Excellence in Molecular

and Integrative Neuroscience, Prof., University

of Helsinki

Salomaa, Kai Tapani, elected 2017, Ph.D., Full Prof.,

Queen’s University

Sanaev, Victor Georgievich, b. 1956, elected 2013, Dr. Sc.

(Tech.), Rector, Moscow State Forest University

Sannino, Francesco, b. 1968, elected 2015, Ph.D.,

Director, Prof., University of Southern Denmark

Satz, Helmut, b. 1936, elected 1994, Dr. rer. nat.,

Prof. emer. of Physics, University of Bielefeld

Schneider, Barbara, b. 1946, elected 2017, Ph.D.,

John A. Hannah University Distunguished

Prof., Michigan State University

Schulze, Winfried, b. 1942, elected 2000, Dr. phil.,

Prof. emer., Ludwig Maximilian University of

Munich

Schwerdtfeger, Peter, b. 1955, elected 2022, Prof. of

theoretical chemistry, Massey University

Scott, Dana Stewart, b. 1932, elected 1976, Ph.D.,

Prof. emer. of Computer Science, Mathematical

Logic and Philosophy, Carnagie Mellon

University


Shaikh, Naz Ahmed, b. 1939, elected 1998, Dr. phil.,

Docent, Director of Geological Survey of Sweden,

retired

Shallit, Jeffrey Outlaw, b. 1957, elected 2020, PhD,

Prof., School of Computer Science, University

of Waterloo

Shanmugalingam, Nageswari, elected 2021, PhD,

Prof. of mathematics, University of Cincinnati

Sixta, Herbert, b. 1954, elected 2022, Prof. of forest

products technology, Aalto University

Smend, Rudolf, b. 1932, elected 1994, Prof. emer. of

biblical exegetics, University of

Göttingen

Smith, Carsten, b. 1932, elected 1985, Dr. jur., former

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Norway

Spence, John Richard, b. 1948, elected 2003, Prof. of

Insect Ecology, University of Alberta

von Staden, Heinrich, b. 1939, elected 2005, Prof.

of Classics and History of Science, Princeton

University

Strömholm, Stig Fredrik, b. 1931, elected 1980, Jur.

Dr., Dr. jur., Prof. emer. of Private and Private

International Law, Rector emer.,

Uppsala University

Stump, Eleonore, b. 1947, elected 1999, Ph.D., Robert

J. Henle Prof. of Philosophy, Saint Louis

University

Svensson, Lars Erik Oskar, b. 1947, elected 1998,

Ph.D., Prof. of economics, Stockholm School of

Economics

Takala, Irina, elected 2018, Ph.D., Petrozavodsk

State University

Teisseyre, Roman Marian, b. 1929, elected 1979,

Ph.D., Prof. emer., Institute of Geophysics, Polish

Academy of Sciences

Terhart, Ewald, b. 1952, elected 2004, Prof. Dr.

phil., Prof. für Schulpädagogik und Allgemeine

Didaktik, University of Münster

Tiedemann, Jörg, b. 1972, elected 2019, Prof. of

language technology, University of Helsinki

Troe, Hans Jürgen, b. 1940, elected 2012, Prof. Dr.

Dr.h.c.mult., Prof. emer. and Niedersachsen

Prof. of Physical Chemistry, University of

Göttingen, retired Director at the Max Planck

Institute for Biophysical Chemistry

Wadhams, Peter, b. 1948, elected 2006, Prof. of

Ocean Physics, Head of the Polar Ocean Physics

Group, University of Cambridge

Weiner, Bernard, b. 1935, elected 2001, Dr., Distinguished

Prof. of Psychology, University of California,

Los Angeles

Welker, Michael Armin, b. 1947, elected 2008, Dr.

theol., Dr. phil., Prof. of Systematic Theology

and Director of the Research Center for International

and Interdisciplinary Theology, University

of Heidelberg

Vermeer, Martinus Martin, b. 1953, elected 1993,

Ph.D., Prof. of geodesy, Aalto University

Vilonen, Kari Kaleva, b. 1955, elected 2004,

Ph.D., Prof. of Mathematics, University of

Melbourne

Wingfield, Michael J, b. 1954, elected 2016, Director,

Prof., University of Pretoria

Volkov, Mikhail, b. 1955, elected 2017, D.Sc., Head of

the Chair of Algebra and Theoretical Computer

Science, Ural Federal University

Volovik, Grigory E, b. 1946, elected 2001, Dr., Visiting


Ziolkowski, Jan Michael, b. 1956, elected 2020,

Arthur Kingsley Porter Prof. of Medieval Latin,

Harvard University

Öhrn, Nils Yngve, b. 1934, elected 1982, Ph.D., Prof.

emer. of Chemistry and Physics, University of

Florida

Österberg, Eva, b. 1942, elected 1993, Prof. emer. of

History, University of Lund


In 2022, the Finnish Academy of Science and Letters commissioned a portrait of

Professor Elina Haavio-Mannila as a tribute to her work at the Finnish Academy

of Science and Letters and her scientific career.

OBITUARIES

The custom for academies

to publish obituaries of their

deceased members is a tradition

that dates back to the

17th century, and one that

the Finnish Academy of Science

and Letters has observed

ever since its foundation.


Antti Ahlström

* 27.1.1939 † 22.2.2022

Professor Emeritus in Human Nutrition,

an inspiring teacher and expert in nutrition

policy Antti Gustav Ahlström died in Nurmijärvi

on 22 February 2022. He was 83

years old, born in Helsinki on 27 January

1939.

Antti Ahlström studied food chemistry

at the University of Helsinki and earned a

second master’s degree in the United States

(Massachusetts Institute of Technology).

He worked as Associate Professor at the

University of Helsinki 1971—74 and at

Tampere University 1974—77. Antti Ahlström

was appointed Professor in Nutrition

at the University of Helsinki in 1977

and retired from this post in 2002. Ahlström

was invited to become a member of


in 1991.

Ahlström’s predecessor was Paavo

Roine, the first professor in nutrition in

Finland and a close colleague of A. I. Virtanen.

Ahlström therefore had big boots to

fill. His adjustment was made easier at least

by the fact that he inherited Roine’s grand

wooden desk – something that Ahlström

was genuinely proud of.

Ahlström wrote his master’s thesis on

iron metabolism and continued exploring

this theme in his doctoral thesis using a rat

model. As professor, he became interested

in the social significance of nutrition and

particularly nutrition policy. The study of

nutritional physiology was gradually

pushed into the background. He also

greatly enjoyed teaching, and was indeed a

brilliant, fun lecturer who would provide

plenty of background on topics. The basic

course in nutrition held by Ahlström was

particularly popular.

Behind his convivial and at times roguish

manner, Ahlström had a meticulous

side to him with a respect for traditions

and rules. He would always emphasize to

students of nutrition preparing to defend

their theses that the purpose of the lectio

precursoria is not to focus on the results of

your work, but being able to place the thesis

in a wider context. He also reminded

doctoral students that they should begin

their speech at the post-doctoral party by

thanking the university.

After retirement, Ahlström decided to

study in the Master’s Programme in Visual

Culture at the University of Art and

Design Helsinki. He was planning to continue

his studies all the way to a doctoral

degree, but this would remain but a dream.

He was also a key contributor in the writing

of the history of the Faculty of Agricul-


ture and Forestry at the University of Helsinki.

Ahlström lived for a long time in

Klaukkala, Nurmijärvi, with his wife Liisa.

They had six children. There was room at

home for one of Ahlström’s precious hobbies:

he collected old horse carriages. In his

home kitchen, he would also bake what he

thought was the best barley flatbread in the

world.

Ahlström was very patriotic and reserve

officer activities were close to his heart. He

was also active in other organizations, such

as the Finnish Cultural Foundation.

Upon turning 60 years old in 1999,

Ahlström said in an interview with Helsingin

Sanomat: “We have a tendency to

communicate matters related to nutrients

and health exceptionally actively, for example

in media. A quick piece of news typically

has a tiny link to nutrition, but it is

not put in proportion with the bigger picture.”

This observation still applies after 23

years.

Mikael Fogelholm, Marja Mutanen

and Riitta Freese


Risto Alapuro

* 28.4.1944 † 6.12.2022

Professor Emeritus Risto Alapuro died on

6 December 2022, at the age of 78. He had

a remarkable career of over 50 years as a

researcher, teacher, and professor. Alapuro

was one of Finland’s best-known sociologists

and a pioneer of historical, political,

and comparative sociology.

Alapuro presented his PhD thesis in

1973 at the University of Helsinki. He was

appointed Professor of Sociology first at

the University of Jyväskylä in 1986 and

later at the University of Helsinki in 1991.

He was an Academy Professor from 2005

to 2009 and retired in 2010.

From the very beginning, Alapuro was

internationally oriented. He received a

post-doc scholarship to the University of

Michigan, where he worked in 1973–1974.

He was a researcher at the École des Hautes

Études en Sciences Sociales (School of

Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences) in

Paris in 1980–1981, a visiting professor of

Finnish history and culture at the University

of Paris (III) in 1985–1987, and again

in 1999–2000. He was also a visiting

researcher in Moscow and Leningrad in

1990–1991.

Alapuro’s doctoral dissertation, Akateeminen

Karjala-seura: ylioppilasliike ja

kansa 1920- ja 1930-luvulla (“Academic

Karelia Society: Student Movement and

the People in the 1920s and 1930s”), is an

in-depth analysis of the ideology, actions

and memberships of this extreme rightwing

political movement. From the 1970s

to the early 1990s he participated in the

writing of basic textbooks on the history of

Finnish sociology and Finnish society and

on the development of Finnish popular

movements and the rise of civil society.

Later, he continued to work with the rise of

civil society in the Nordic countries and

developments in Russia.

Alapuro’s book, State and Revolution in

Finland, was published in the United

States in 1988. It provided a sociological

and comparative account of developments

in Finland from the 19th century to the

attempted revolution in 1917–1918,

inspired by great names in historical sociology,

Charles Tilly, Barrington Moore Jr.,

and Immanuel Wallerstein. This book

made Alapuro an internationally known

representative of historical and comparative

sociology.

Besides historical macrosociology,

Alapuro was also interested in microhistory

and in social networks. In his 1994 book,

Suomen synty paikallisena ilmiönä 1890–

1933 (“The Emergence of Finland as a Local


Phenomenon 1890–1933”), Alapuro analysed

the social structure of one local community,

the reactions of various local groups

towards economic and social changes, and

their activities in the Civil War and in the

making of an independent Finland.

Alapuro also participated in an extensive

European research project led by French

micro-historian Maurizio Gribaudi, introducing

the study of professional networks

to Finnish sociology. Alapuro and his group

studied the networks of various occupational

groups in several countries.

Russia was one of Alapuro’s research

interests. He published several articles on

the problems of Russian society and,

together with Oleg Kharkhordin, edited

the book Political Theory and Community

Building in Post-Soviet Russia in 2011. In

2021 he published a book based on his

authentic diaries written during his visit to

Moscow and Leningrad in the turbulent

years of 1990–1991. With his Estonian colleagues,

Alapuro studied the civil society in

post-communist Estonia from a microsociological

perspective.

At the turn of the 2000s, Alapuro’s

research shifted back to macro-level processes

and developments of civil societies.

As an Academy Professor, he established a

new research group, coordinated Nordic

cooperation, and opened new avenues for

research cooperation with French scholars.

Among other things, these projects produced

the book Nordic Associations in a

European Perspective: European Civil Society

(2010), edited with Henrik Stenius, and

two doctoral dissertations by the members

of his research group, building on Alapuro’s

research programme on the prerequisites

of civil society and democracy. Collaboration

with the French sociologist Laurent

Thévenot, a key figure in French pragmatism,

paved the way for even more new

openings in Finnish political sociology.

Alapuro served as editor-in-chief of the

Finnish journal Sosiologia in 1979–1980.

He was a board member of the Kone Foundation

in 1995–2014. He became a member

of the Finnish Historical Society in

1980, Academia Europaea in 1998, and the


1993.

Alapuro’s passionate hobby was basketball.

He played for a long time in the basketball

club Helsingin Jyry, and later in the

Finnish national team for players aged 70

and over. He was also a movie enthusiast,

and literature and music were also important

to him. He enjoyed long evenings in

good company and loved Paris, which over

the years became his second hometown.

As a teacher, tutor, and friend, Risto

was helpful, intelligent, versatile, discreet,

and friendly. He will be missed by his life

partner Dominique Pelou, sons Aappo

Kähönen and Mikko Alapuro, and many

colleagues and friends.

Matti Alestalo, Eeva Luhtakallio

and Hannu Uusitalo


Henry Bacon

* 4.12.1957 † 25.11.2022

Henry Bacon started studying theatre

research and musicology at the University

of Helsinki in 1986. Before then, he had

already studied at the Tampere University

of Technology and actively participated in

student organizations and, as fully bilingual,

had also obtained a formal English

certificate qualifying him to work as an

English teacher. He obtained his Master of

Arts degree in May 1990 and his licentiate

degree in the autumn of the same year. He

earned his PhD in 1994.

The University of Oulu became a significant

place in Henry’s career as he taught

film studies there, first as Senior Assistant

and then as Associate Professor in 1994–

1998, and established the basic and intermediate

study programme in Film Studies.

In 1995 he had also been appointed Docent

in Theatre Research at the University of

Helsinki and practically all the modules

related to the Film and Television Studies

programme under the discipline were

transferred under his management. The

proximity of the Finnish Film Archive contributed

significantly to the teaching provided

at the University of Helsinki, and

Henry’s transfer from Oulu to become a

researcher and Head of Projects at the Film

Archive brought the two even closer. When

a five-year pool position (which was later

made permanent) as Professor of Film and

Television Studies was established at the

University of Helsinki in 2004, Henry was

appointed professor and held this post

until his retirement in 2022. His merits

were based on broad expertise, a knowledge

of domestic and international networks,

inspiring teaching and especially

the merits of his own research. He was

elected as a member of the Finnish Academy

of Science and Letters in 2008.

Having known Henry and his work

over several decades, I remember him as an

independent researcher who maintained

contacts not only by publishing books and

articles, but also by actively taking part in

discussions during congresses and visits.

He would publish a book – in Finnish or in

English – every couple of years while at the

same time publishing articles and chapters

for compilations at a steady pace. His publications

demonstrate his wide interest in

different art forms and the methodical and

theoretical questions that tie them

together. Henry studied broad topics, but

also focused on interesting details and did

not hesitate to draw his own conclusions

and interpretations. He wrote for both his

colleagues and for the wider audience.


Prior to his doctoral thesis, Henry Bacon

had already published an extensive work on

the life and films of Luchino Visconti entitled

Tiikerikissan aika (“The time of The

Leopard”, 1992). An expanded English-language

edition of the work entitled Luchino

Visconti – Explorations of Beauty and Decay

was published in 1998 and is lauded by Visconti

scholars. The doctoral thesis Continuity

and Transformations. The Influence of

Literature and Cinema as a Process of Cultural

Continuity and Renewal (1994) continued

exploring the same topic, but

expanded to include theoretical discussion

on the relation of film to other art forms,

the significance of adaptation and the application

and review of current research paradigms.

Oopperan historia (“The history of

opera”, 1995) provided an overview of operatic

traditions and works starting from prehistory

and ending with the post-WW2 era.

In the last decade, Henry Bacon examined

the origins of our fascination with

film violence in The Fascination of Film

Violence (2015). He was the editor of Finnish

Cinema: A Transnational Enterprise,

which was the final publication of the

2012–2014 Academy project “A Transnational

History of Finnish Cinema”, managed

by him under the Institute for Art

Research. One of his last publications was

a book on Teuvo Tulio, The Films of Teuvo

Tulio: An Excessive Outsider (2020), an

artist of Latvian origin who made impressive

expressive films. We will probably

never get to see what his next work would

have been, although the recently retired

professor presumably had several new projects

still on his table.

Among Henry Bacon’s many publications,

one worth mentioning is the State

Award-winning work Seitsemäs taide.

Elokuva ja muut taiteet (“The seventh art.

Film and other art forms”, 2005), which

reflects the author’s mission to look at film

as part of the broader field of the arts.

Henry fulfilled all his obligations towards

his specialty, also by serving for a decade

on the board and as chair of the Film Association

of Finland, but the book shows that

his interests were not limited to his specialty

alone. His sunny personality will

remain in my memory as a patron of all the

art forms he described.

Pirkko Koski

Photo:: Helsinki University Museum


Lauri Eskola

* 27.5.1940 † 11.8.2022

Professor Emeritus Lauri (Lassi) Olavi

Eskola was born on 27 May 1940 in Eura

and died on 11 August 2022 from Parkinson’s

disease. Eskola dedicated his life to

working in geophysics at the Geological

Survey of Finland, especially with electromagnetic

prospecting methods.

Eskola matriculated from the Eura

upper secondary school in 1960, studied

physics at the University of Helsinki and

earned his bachelor’s degree in 1966. As a

postgraduate student, Eskola focused on

geophysics and defended his doctoral thesis

at the University of Oulu in 1978. In

1966 Eskola started working as a geophysicist

at what is now known as the Geological

Survey of Finland (GTK), first at the

Department of Exploration 1966–1979,

then as state geophysicist at the Department

of Geophysics 1979–1981 and as

Head of Department starting from 1981.

Eskola was appointed professor in 1981. He

went on to serve the GTK all the way until

his retirement in 2003.

He was elected as a member of the Finnish


Lauri Eskola was particularly interested

in potential fields and electromagnetic

methods in applied geophysics,

which were and still are some of the main

tools used in prospecting. Eskola never

compromised his skills in physics and

mathematics, and expected the same from

his colleagues. In 1992 he published the

textbook Geophysical Interpretation Using

Integral Equations, which provides a theoretical

foundation for applying integral

equations to boundary-value problems

that are common in geophysics. Lauri

Eskola led a group at the Geological Survey

of Finland that developed interpretation

and modelling methods for galvanic

and electromagnetic prospecting methods.

His colleagues had numerous discussions

and debates with him, especially

about science, but also about many other

themes in life. Eskola would always

defend basic research and science at the

ever-changing GTK. Eskola had a passion

for classical music and played the piano

and had also played the trombone when

he was younger.

Ilmo Kukkonen


Eero Holopainen

* 20.9.1937 † 29.11.2022

Professor Emeritus of Meteorology Eero

Holopainen died on 29 November 2022 of

a severe illness at the age of 85. He was born

on 20 September 1937 in Kuhmo to a family

with a small farm and would visit his

childhood home even as a professor to help

with the haymaking in the summer. Holopainen’s

primary school teacher noticed

that they boy was gifted and steered him to

the classical lyceum in Kajaani. That is

where Holopainen learned to speak Latin, a

skill he would also get to show off later on

in life. He established e.g. the Order of Doctors

in Meteorology with Swords, the name

and code of which were, naturally, in Latin.

After graduating, Eero Holopainen

went on to study meteorology at the University

of Helsinki in 1957 under professors

Vilho Väisälä and Lauri Vuorela and

academician Erik “Maestro” Palmén. He

got a student pad at the Presidential Palace

where President Urho Kekkonen had

reserved rooms for talented, poor students

from the region of Kainuu. Holopainen’s

small wedding also took place at the Palace

and Kekkonen would later congratulate his

gifted former tenant for his professorship

in one of the president’s disciplinary letters.

Holopainen’s studies progressed

quickly. He conducted his dissertation

research at the Stockholm University

(defending his dissertation in Helsinki in

1964), after which his family spent a couple

years at the University of Michigan in

Ann Arbor. He went on to serve as Deputy

Director of the weather department at the

Finnish Meteorological Institute, albeit

only for a short time (1966–1968), but

even within this brief period, he made a

positive and crucial contribution to the

Finnish Meteorological Institute acquiring

its first computer.

Eero Holopainen later worked in the

Department of Meteorology at the University

of Helsinki as associate professor, professor

and head from 1969 to 1996, supervising

the studies of several generations of

meteorologists and always keeping up with

the times. For example, he introduced the

climate warming calculations and results of

recent Nobel Prize winner Syukuro Manabe

into teaching back in 1969, soon after they

were first published. Holopainen was a

supportive teacher and an amicable head of

the department, with good relations with

the Finnish Meteorological Institute and

the management of the university and faculty.

He was elected to membership in the


1974 and the Finnish Society of Science


and Letters in 1975. Increasingly severe illnesses

forced him to retire early in the

beginning of 1997.

Holopainen was also a hard-working

researcher. Lights would often be seen

burning late at night in the corner office of

the department on the top floor of the

Porthania building. He felt most at home

studying the behaviour of the atmosphere

and climate dynamics based purely on

weather observations, particularly energy

economy and the chaotic interactions

between the main westerly flow and the

areas of low pressure within it, for which

he developed several methods of description.

Holopainen was a popular speaker at

conferences and numerous great names in

meteorology would stop by Helsinki on

their travels to exchange thoughts with the

famous duo Palmén-Holopainen.

Although Holopainen himself did not

practice device research or atmospheric

modelling, he succeeded in securing special

financing for the university’s new, modern

Doppler weather radar (the first of its kind

in Finland at the time), and was extremely

well versed in weather forecast and climate

models.

As Head of the Department of Meteorology

at the university, Holopainen often

found himself educating the public and

decision-makers on whatever weather and

climate-related topics and problems happened

to be of interest at the time, whether

it be acid rain, chaos theory, nuclear fallout

and nuclear winter, ozone depletion, climate

changes or climate warming, which

he warned about already the early 1970s

based on Manabe’s work. He was also

invited to various positions of trust, the

most significant of which were probably

his long-term memberships in the Scientific

Advisory Committee of the European

Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts

(ECMWF) and the Scientific Advisory

Panel of the World Meteorological

Organization (WMO). The advisors of

ECMWF met every year in Reading, England,

and WMO’s “twelve apostles” in

Geneva, so he was well aware of the latest

winds in meteorology.

Eero was supported by his wife Raija,

four children and a beautiful, literary home

in Herttoniemi where guests could enjoy

the overwhelming hospitality that is typical

of Kainuu. In his later years, Eero also

discovered his group singer and a humppa

dancer side, which provided a good counterbalance

for his Immanuel Kant character

who would enjoy long walks deeply

absorbed in thought, pondering scientific

problems.

Hannu Savijärvi

Photo: Helsinki University Museum


Veli-Pekka Järveläinen

* 11.5.1938 † 5.6.2022

Professor Emeritus of Private Forestry at

the University of Helsinki Veli-Pekka

Järveläinen died on 5 June 2022 in Tampere

at the age of 84. He was born on 11

May 1938 in Kuopio where he spent his

childhood and adolescence. His father,

Tauno Järveläinen, was a central figure in

the region as chief forester of the North

Savo Forest Board, and growing up watching

his father, Veli-Pekka learned to understand

the problems faced by private forest

owners.

It was therefore not a surprise when,

after graduating from upper secondary

school in Kuopio in spring 1957, Veli-

Pekka Järveläinen applied to the University

of Helsinki to study forest economics at

the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry.

The strong growth of forest economy

and industry in the 1950s and 1960s had

raised concerns about securing sufficient

forest resources. Within a short period of

time, several working groups were set up to

try to calculate how forests should be felled

and managed in order to preserve and even

improve felling potential. Some targets

were set, but they all had the same problem:

achieving them depended 70% on the

decisions made concerning the roughly

300 000 privately owned forest properties,

or forest holdings, in our country. Too little

was known about their owners, their

decision-making behaviour and other,

non-forestry-related factors influencing

their decisions.

As Veli-Pekka Järveläinen earned his

degree in forestry in March 1962, the

Departments of Forest Economics at the

University of Helsinki and the Finnish Forest

Research Institute were about to launch

a study on private forest ownership.

Järveläinen was immediately recruited as a

postgraduate student. His research task

was to explain the observed differences in

private forest owners’ motivation to manage

their forests.

In his 1971 doctoral thesis entitled

Factors Influencing Silvicultural Activity:

A Study of the Influence of Attitudes, Individual

Farm Backgrounds and Regional

Conditions on the Silvicultural Activity of

Forest Owners in Karstula and Jamsa, Finland,

Veli-Pekka Järveläinen combined

approaches and methods applied in sociology

with the traditional research method of

forest economics. Following this, he

expanded his field of interest and received

access to the data of the national drain study

of the Finnish Forest Research Institute.

Around this time, Veli-Pekka Järveläinen


also became a junior researcher at the State

Commission of Agriculture and Forestry in

1972, and continued working there as a

senior researcher until 1985.

He produced several research publications

during this period, of which the most

notable are his works analysing the felling

behaviour of private forest owners, the

influence of consultation on the use of felling

potential in private forests and the consequences

of the change in the structure of

the forest owner community.

Veli-Pekka Järveläinen gained more recognition

and became a key expert in private

forestry in forest planning and when tackling

various issues in forest policy. This also

marked the beginning of his international

cooperation. Veli-Pekka Järveläinen was

appointed chair of a working group at the

IUFRO World Congress (International

Union of Forest Research Organizations) in

Oslo in 1976. Five years later, in Kyoto,

Japan, his role changed to leader of Working

Party 4.06 Forest Policy. He continued as

deputy leader after the Ljubljana Congress

all the way until the Montreal Congress in

1990.

In the mid-1980s, Veli-Pekka shifted his

focus to the University of Helsinki and

teaching. He had already held the position

of docent of forest economics since 1976

and had served temporarily as acting professor

of the same discipline. In 1985, the position

of associate professor of forestry

became available at the faculty. Veli-Pekka

Järveläinen applied and was selected,

although the title was changed to associate

professor of private forestry, which

described the scope of the role more accurately.

In 1988 it was made a full professorship.

The Finnish Society of Forest Science

was important to Veli-Pekka Järveläinen

from the early days of his research career. He

served as a member of its board 1972–1979

and as a member of its Science and Programme

Policy Committee 1975–1976. At

his initiative, a subdivision in forest economics

was established under the society in

1988, and he was naturally appointed its

director. Järveläinen served as vice-chair of

the board of the society 1994–1995 and as

chair 1995–1997. He was made an honorary

member of the Finnish Society of Forest

Science in 1999.

Veli-Pekka Järveläinen was invited to

become a member of the Finnish Academy


Veli-Pekka Järveläinen was known as an

even-tempered researcher who would delve

deeply into issues. His manner was more

reminiscent of a master of the house from

Häme lighting his short-stemmed pipe than

a jovial Savonian. His parents’ roots could be

traced back to Häme and it was there, in

Tampere, that he also moved after retirement.

He would continue to keep an eye on

what was happening in the field of forestry

and delighted readers with his sharp, perceptive

commentary articles in newspapers.

Matti Keltikangas


Juhani Kakkuri

* 12.9.1933 † 6.8.2022

Professor Emeritus Juhani Kakkuri, former

Director General of the Finnish Geodetic

Institute, passed away in Helsinki on 6

August 2022. He was 88 years old, born in

Kurikka in the Southern Ostrobothnia

region of Finland on 12 September 1933.

Juhani Kakkuri lived his childhood in

Kurikka. He moved to Helsinki to go to

upper secondary school because such a

school was not available in Kurikka at the

time. He continued his studies at the University

of Helsinki in geophysics and physics.

During summer breaks, he was

employed by the Finnish Geodetic Institute,

FGI, as a clerk and assistant on fieldwork

expeditions focusing on levelling and

triangulation. This initiated his lifelong

career at the institute. Since 1957 he

worked continuously at the FGI until his

retirement in 1998. In 1977 he became the

Director General of the FGI.

Kakkuri’s PhD dissertation in 1973 was

on stellar triangulation, the principle of

which academician Yrjö Väisälä, Kakkuri’s

teacher, had already presented in the 1940s.

The method enabled the measurement of

large triangular networks using flashlights

lifted into the stratosphere with weather

balloons. The flashes were photographed

against the starry sky using Schmidt-Väisälä

telescopes and timed using a quartz clock.

Kakkuri and his team measured a network

of five points in Southern Finland. At the

same time, optical satellites for stellar triangulation

became available, thus allowing the

establishment of the first global geodetic

network.

Measuring the distance of satellites

using a laser had become possible in the

1970s. In 1974, Kakkuri received a scholarship

from the French government, which

allowed him to become familiar with this

new technique in France. As a result of the

visit, Northern Europe’s first satellite laser

ranging system was built at Metsähovi in

1978 in cooperation with the FGI, the Helsinki

University of Technology, the Tuorla

Observatory and the VTT Technical

Research Centre of Finland. Precise technology

to receive LORAN signals, necessary

to measure time, was developed at the

FGI and the Helsinki University of Technology.

This development benefited the

entire country, as Yleisradio, Finland’s public

broadcasting company, based its time

signal broadcasts on the signals of the

quartz clock locked to LORAN signals.

This was the beginning of the

Metsähovi Geodetic Research Station,

which today is one of the core stations of


the global geodetic network. Throughout

his career, Kakkuri sought to develop

Metsähovi’s operations.

Kakkuri participated for decades in the

activities of the International Association

of Geodesy, IAG. In the 1990s he led the

IAG Special Study Group called the Baltic

Sea Level Project. It was a joint effort of all

the countries around the Baltic Sea with

three large GPS campaigns. The ambitious

goals of the project were the unification of

vertical datums to contribute to the determination

of the gravity field and the geoid

in the Baltic Sea region, to determine the

sea level and sea surface topography of the

Baltic Sea, and to monitor postglacial

rebound, especially in the sea area. As the

secretary of the project, Markku Poutanen

prepared his PhD thesis under the supervision

of Juhani Kakkuri.

Kakkuri was invited as a member of the


1976. He was an honorary professor at

Wuhan University and an honorary doctor at

Stuttgart University, a member of the German

Geodetic Commission, and member of

the Finnish Academy of Technology, and he

was awarded the Palmén medal of the Geophysical

Society of Finland for his meritorious

work. He was a Fellow of IAG, and asteroid

3597 Kakkuri is named after him.

Kakkuri held several national and international

positions of trust, including representative

of the International Union of

Geodesy and Geophysics in New York at the

meetings of the UN Cartographic Office. In

addition, the cooperation between Finland

and China in the field of geodesy and geosciences

took place as a result of his engagement.

After retirement, Kakkuri wrote several

popular science books, travelogues about

his extensive and extraordinary travels, and

biographies of his predecessors Veikko

Heiskanen and T. J. Kukkamäki. His last

work was the autobiography Memoirs

From the World of Geodesy, published in

the series of FGI in 2021.

Until the end of his life, Kakkuri was

interested in science and he was a familiar

sight at the Geodetic Institute, where he

had his own work area for his activities. In

the coffee room, he was eager to share his

life wisdom from his career with the

younger generation of researchers and

inspired them to pursue careers in geodetic

sciences with his supportive and insightful

mentorship.

Before his career in the FGI, Kakkuri

also considered a career as a painter. He

lived for some years as a subtenant of

painter Lassi Tokkola, who taught him

painting. Kakkuri did not become a

painter, but practiced the hobby throughout

his life. In his free time, he painted several

portraits of his friends and colleagues.

Markku Poutanen and Jarkko Koskinen


Aarne Kinnunen

* 4.2.1930 † 18.4.2022

Professor Emeritus of Aesthetics Aarne

Kinnunen died in Helsinki on 18 April

2022. He was 92 years old, born in Lieksa

on 4 February 1930. He was invited as a

member of the Finnish Academy of Science

and Letters in 1987.

Kinnunen matriculated from the Savonlinna

Lyceum in 1949. He earned his bachelor’s

degree in 1952, licentiate in 1960 and

PhD in 1967 from the University of Helsinki.

Kinnunen originally qualified as a psychologist

and, prior to his academic career,

he worked as a vocational guidance counsellor

in Tampere and in Helsinki. His long

university career began in 1963 as Assistant

in Comparative Literature and Aesthetics

and continued as Assistant Professor and

acting Professor until 1986. Kinnunen was

offered a personal additional professorship

in aesthetics in 1986, and he remained in

this position until his retirement in 1994.

In the course of his career, Kinnunen

published around twenty monographs in

aesthetics, literature and drama, in addition

to numerous articles and co-authored

works. Over the decades, he also wrote

reviews on literature and literary research.

Kinnunen played a key role in the new

rise of Finnish aesthetics which started in

the late 1960s. His 1969 work, Esteettisestä

elämyksestä (“On aesthetic experience”),

introduced new ideas from Anglo-American

aesthetics into Finnish research. Kinnunen

presents credible arguments against

all attempts to define the aesthetic experience,

and his concluding position is inspired

by the later philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein

whereby the categorization of experience

depends essentially on the context

from which the experiencer is speaking.

According to Kinnunen, the basic situation

is that the experiencer themselves defines

their experience as aesthetic, and not religious,

for instance.

Kinnunen was one of the founders of

the Finnish Society for Aesthetics in early

1972 and served as the long-standing

chairman of the society. He and his colleagues

would organize extremely popular

public lecture series as part of the society’s

activities. One worth mentioning is the

series on environmental aesthetics, among

the first of its kind globally in this field of

research. The book Ympäristöestetiikka

(“Environmental aesthetics”, 1981) was

published on the basis of these lectures.

This could be considered the start of the

strong research tradition of environmental

aesthetics in Finland.


Kinnunen’s own article in this collection

was an important introduction to

aesthetic questions concerning the natural

environment in Finnish research. Luonnonestetiikka

(“The aesthetics of nature”)

provides an enlightening account of fundamental

questions that had not yet

received much attention in the study of

aesthetics. Kinnunen highlights several

differences between the aesthetic appreciation

of works of art and natural sites.

According to him, one of the key differences

is that natural sites are not reviewed

critically like works of art; the aesthetic

appreciation of nature is “positive”. The

expression “positive aesthetics” has

remained in use in research in the field,

even though the view is not widely

accepted in any way.

An extensive work on some of the fundamental

questions in aesthetics, entitled

simply Estetiikka (“Aesthetics”), was published

in 2000. In this book, Kinnunen distanced

himself in many ways from conventional

academic research in aesthetics. Even

his definition of what aesthetics studies

differs from the mainstream definition and

generally accepted notions in the field.

Kinnunen actually separates aesthetics

from the philosophy of art, and the work

does not address questions that fall under

the field of philosophical aesthetics at all,

such as the problem of defining art. The

book also characteristically contains an

abundance of quotes from fictional works,

whereas references to the latest research in

aesthetics are sparse.

Overall, the rich use of examples is a key

feature of Kinnunen’s research on philosophical

aesthetics. While this makes his

style original and recognizable, especially

his later works are also somewhat less

accessible.

As a researcher of literature and drama,

Kinnunen’s interests lay in Finnish literary

classics. His doctoral thesis on the plays of

Aleksis Kivi was followed by works on

drama and theatre, Mitä näyttelijä tekee

(“What an actor does”, 1984) and

Draaman maailma (“The world of drama”,

1985). In terms of prose writers, Kinnunen

was particularly intrigued by Kivi,

Lehtonen, Haanpää, Hyry and Haavikko,

about whom he wrote several works. Tuli,

aurinko ja Seitsemän veljestä (“Fire, sun

and Seven Brothers”, 1973) and Seitsemän

veljestä ja lukemisen juonet (“Seven Brothers

and reading plots”, 2002) are cornerstones

of modern Kivi research.

His works on drama, prose and poetry,

published at different points in his career,

demonstrate Kinnunen’s ability to navigate

different research traditions with ease. His

researcher portfolio showcases his wide

knowledge of both Finnish and world literature.

His distinctive manner of expression,

combining apt remarks, humour and deep

insight, makes reading his research a pleasure.

This style is nowhere more delightful

than in works such as Talo ilmassa (“The

house in the air”, 2011), written about Putkinotko

by Joel Lehtonen. His last works,

including Horror vacui: Antti Hyryn proosasta,

lyyrisestä ja dramaattisesta (“Horror

vacui: On Antti Hyry’s prose, lyrical and dramatic”,

2015) and Korskea monisielu: Suppea

ensyklopedia Paavo Haavikon lyriikkaan

(“Haughty man of many souls: a brief encyclopaedia

on the poetry of Paavo Haavikko”,

2018) strayed even further from the conventional

forms of research, gravitating towards

the literary and philosophical essay.

As a lecturer of basic courses, Kinnunen

was perceived by his large groups of students

as a somewhat reserved and intimidating

character due to his expressionless,


short-spoken manner of teaching. During

seminars, the seemingly sullen professor

would reveal himself to be a convivial,

friendly teacher with a good sense of

humour who would encourage and support

his students. Kinnunen emphasized

the essentials of good research to his students:

good writing skills, originality, and

the ability to recognize fruitful problems.

Kinnunen’s teaching method of choice

was having discussions. Once during a

seminar session, the students asked Kinnunen

jokingly why he included only a

handful of literary references in his books.

The professor answered the question in his

quintessential manner: I take my lead from

Aristotle’s Poetics – not a single source reference.

Upon Kinnunen’s retirement,

instead of giving a speech at the farewell

dinner, one of his PhD holders asked him a

question: does a practitioner of normal science

need to be familiar with the philosophy

of science? The answer came immediately:

no, they do not, they have already

grasped it.

Kinnunen supervised and educated an

exceptional group of researchers and specialists

who went on to become university

researchers and professors and work in various

roles in theatre, arts management and

media. Over the decades, his academic

teaching and literary connections formed a

large circle of friends who remained close

for decades. Kinnunen’s home in Kruununhaka

was open to his students and colleagues

and friendships born through his

spouse Aino-Maija. Aarne would also

remind people that he was a countryman at

heart, having grown up on a farm. With

the exception of his last two summers, he

would spend the summer months at his

cottage in Ihamaniemi, a place that was

also frequented by his friends and colleagues.

At the launch event of his last book, on

the poetry of Haavikko, Aarne went

against his habit and gave a speech, naturally

keeping it short, and said that the joys

of his old age included Bach’s music and a

glass of wine every night, on doctor’s

orders. Up until his final days, he would

examine the state of research and the university

frankly and critically during phone

conversations.

Aarne is missed by his daughters Helka-

Maria and Saara, his son Petteri, his grandchildren

Iida and Eetu and a large group of

friends.

Arto Haapala and Jyrki Nummi


Simo Knuuttila

* 8.5.1946 † 17.6.2022

Professor Emeritus of Theological Ethics

and Philosophy of Religion Simo Knuuttila

died unexpectedly in the morning of 17

June 2022, while sleeping at his home in

Helsinki. He was 76 years old, born in

Peräseinäjoki, South Ostrobothnia, on 8

May 1946.

After matriculating from Seinäjoki

Lyceum in 1965 Simo Knuuttila began his

studies in theology and philosophy at the

University of Helsinki. He wrote his master’s

thesis in theology in 1969 on New

Testament exegesis, but the conservative

Lutheran Church refused to ordain him as

a priest. In 1971 Knuuttila joined the team

of Research Professor Jaakko Hintikka,

whose group of logicians and historians of

philosophy formed a Centre of Excellence

even before this concept was known in

Finnish science policy. Hintikka’s connections

to Stanford University in California

and his editorship of the journal Synthese

opened doors for young scholars to connect

with leading international names.

Hintikka, who had discovered possible

worlds semantics in the 1950s, thought

that Aristotle had a hidden assumption

which identified the “possible” as that

which happens sometimes. In his doctoral

dissertation Time and Possibility in Scholasticism

(1976) Knuuttila took it upon

him to go carefully through all theories of

modality among medieval scholastics.

Besides the Aristotelian statistical model,

he found the idea that God’s omnipotence

would be limited if there were no unrealized

possibilities. In the late 13th century,

Duns Scotus formulated a new semantics,

which rejects the principle of plenitude by

allowing alternative possibilities which are

never realized. Scotus also made a distinction

between logical and real possibilities,

a theory opening a new study of the laws of

nature.

After defending his doctoral thesis in

theology, Knuuttila acted as a researcher

of the Academy of Finland in 1976–1980

and as Professor of Practical Philosophy

in 1981 in Helsinki. He would have been a

strong candidate for this position in the

Faculty of Social Sciences, but preferred

the Faculty of Theology where the students

learn Ancient Greek and Latin. In

1981 Knuuttila was appointed Professor

of Theological Ethics and Philosophy of

Religion and soon became the most visible

and prominent scholar of this faculty.

He edited the collections Reforging the

Great Chain of Being (1981) and Modern

Modalities (1988) and summarized his


pathbreaking studies on the history of

modal logic in Modalities in Medieval Philosophy

(1993, 2nd ed. 2020). Thereafter he

concentrated on the history of philosophy

of mind and theories of emotions: Emotions

in Ancient and Medieval Philosophy

appeared in 2004.

In 1994–2009 Knuuttila served as

Academy Professor at the Academy of Finland,

and led two Centres of Excellence of

about twenty researchers: History of Mind

in 2002–2007 and Philosophical Psychology,

Morality and Politics in 2008–2013.

He supervised, in a demanding but encouraging

manner, dozens of doctoral theses in

theology, philosophy of religion, and history

of philosophy. His students edited an

international Festschrift entitled Mind and

Modality (2006) for his 60th birthday.

In the late 1970s Simo Knuuttila participated

in a project translating Plato’s dialogues

into Finnish. In 1989–2008 he was

the leader of a similar project, which produced

nine volumes of translations and

explanations of Aristotle’s philosophical

works. He himself translated Nicomachean

Ethics and Prior Analytics.

Knuuttila’s status as a leading expert on

ancient and medieval philosophy and systematic

theology is evident in his numerous

writings in important handbooks and

his active participation in international

organizations: Société International pour

l’Étude de la Philosophie Médiévale (board

member 1987–1997), Institut International

de Philosophie (Vice President

2009–2011) and Academia Europeia.

From 1998 to 2001 he chaired the European

Science Foundation research network

Early Modern Thought, which aimed to

prove that the birth of early modern philosophy

around 1600 (e.g. the individualistic

conception of a person) can be traced

back as far as the 14th century nominalists.

Knuuttila’s style is compact, historically

uncompromising, and conceptually

extremely precise. His sharpness as an analytic

philosopher was complemented by his

knowledge about Gadamer’s hermeneutics,

learned as an exchange student in Kiel

in 1967–1968. The history of philosophy is

not just “doxography”, but the scholar has

to reveal the background assumptions of

old texts and changing meanings, which

presupposes consciousness of one’s own

starting points and the results of contemporary

philosophy.

Knuuttila was editor of The New Synthese

Historical Library since 1995, Dean

of the Faculty of Theology in 1991, member


Letters since 1988 and its President in

2004–2006. His recognitions include the

Award of the Finnish Cultural Foundation

in 1998, the title of Professor of the Year

2002 awarded by the Finnish Union of

University Professors, the Swedish Gad

Rausing Prize in 2008, and the Finnish

Science Award in 2011.

Simo Knuuttila retired from his chair in

2014, but was active in research until the

last day of his life. He combined deep theoretical

thinking with enjoyment of lively

conversations with colleagues and students.

Simo’s Aristotelian virtues, wisdom,

an original sense of humour, and a generous

character, are missed by his family and

many friends.

Ilkka Niiniluoto


Heikki Leskinen

* 10.10.1930 † 7.12.2021

Heikki Leskinen, Professor Emeritus of

Finnish Language at the University of

Jyväskylä, died after battling a long illness

in the evening of the day after Independence

Day, 7 December 2021. He was born

on Aleksis Kivi’s Day on 10 October 1930,

so you could say that, like Aleksis Kivi, he

too lived from autumn to Christmas, in the

words of Eino Leino. Thankfully, this

period between autumn and Christmas

consisted of 91 happy and busy years.

Heikki Leskinen was born on the

north-western coast of Lake Ladoga where

he spent the first decade of his life. His

father worked as a forestry advisor in

Kurkijoki, and Heikki had four older

brothers and one younger brother. Following

the outbreak of the Winter War, the

family settled on the other side of the new

border in Parikkala and no longer moved

back east, not even temporarily.

Heikki Leskinen developed an early

interest in language and particularly the

form of language spoken in his home district.

His career plans were therefore clear

from the beginning and immediately after

his school years he applied to the University

of Helsinki to study the Finnish language.

Pursuing his bachelor’s degree,

Heikki Leskinen studied Finnish language

and Finnish literature, with Finnish history

and folklore studies as his minors. He

wrote his master’s thesis on the dialect of

Parikkala in 1954 under Professor Martti

Rapola. During his studies, Leskinen did a

lot of fieldwork related to dialectology and

onomastics under the guidance of Veikko

Ruoppila, a pioneer in the field. Towards

the end of his bachelor’s studies, he was

invited to work in the editorial board of a

dictionary of Karelian and devoted himself

to a career in research. Heikki Leskinen

defended his doctoral thesis in 1963. The

diachronic-synchronic study was entitled

Luoteis-Laatokan murteiden äännehistoria

(“Historical Phonology of the North-Western

Laatokka Dialects”), and he collected

most of the data himself. He was awarded

the title of docent at the University of Helsinki

in 1966 and professor of Finnish language

at the University of Jyväskylä on 1

September 1967. He served in this position

until retirement age, a total of 26 years.

Heikki Leskinen authored or coauthored

almost 80 publications over 50

years. His main research had to do with the

phonetic history of Finnish dialects, particularly

south-eastern Finnish dialects,

but also Finnic languages more widely.

Among other topics, he studied the merg-


ing of the dialect of Karelian evacuees, the

phonemic lengths of south-eastern and

Ingrian dialects and the representation of

the word-final n phoneme in south-eastern

Finnish dialects and, in morphology and

syntax, the formation of the imperative in

Finnic languages and Sámi. He also published

numerous popular texts outside linguistic

forums, especially on Eastern Finnish

dialects and the Karelian language.

Naturally, his contributions to science

are not limited to publications alone.

Heikki Leskinen served for twelve years as

a member and chair of the board of directors

of the Institute for the Languages of

Finland, established in 1976. Under Leskinen’s

leadership, sociolinguistic research of

the change in spoken Finnish also began in

Jyväskylä. Another major research project

was the atlas of the Karelian language,

which covers words that are common in all

the Eastern Finnish dialects and the Karelian

language. Its first part was published

by the department, and the results of the

project have later been published as part of

an extensive atlas of Finnic languages,

Atlas linguarum fennicarum. The 8th

international Finno-Ugristic conference

(CIFU 8), held in Jyväskylä in 1995, can be

considered a culmination of Leskinen’s scientific

career. Heikki Leskinen was invited

to become a member of the Finnish Academy


The staff and resources of the Department

of Finnish Language at the University

of Jyväskylä grew substantially during

Leskinen’s professorship. The department

moved to Seminaarinmäki in 1977 to a

recently renovated, distinguished brick

building from the 1800s, which was

named Fennicum. The discipline of Finnish

was first an independent department

and then part of the Department of Languages

for over forty years. In its heyday,

the then Department of Finnish Language

and Communication not only

taught Finnish, but also related languages,

phonetics, general linguistics and speech

communication. Even after many administrative

reforms, it can be said that the

roots of the Department of Language and

Communication Studies and the Centre

for Applied Language Studies at the University

of Jyväskylä lie in the department

led by Heikki Leskinen. Separate teaching

in phonetics, general linguistics or the

languages related to Finnish is no longer

provided in Jyväskylä.

Heikki Leskinen naturally had other

interests besides linguistics that he would

pursue to relax and about which he enjoyed

talking about with his family and his closest

acquaintances. Sport was important to

him from when he was a child. Leskinen

never became an active athlete on any level,

but was all the more passionate as a spectator.

Soon after settling in the capital city, he

was able to see the Olympic Games in Helsinki,

which gave him many important

sporting memories he cherished for the

rest of his life. Leskinen was also interested

in history and has explained that this interest

was first sparked in his childhood when

he heard the news of Austria being annexed

into Germany. All the way until the last

weeks of his life, Leskinen followed world

politics, in the end mostly by asking others

about the latest news, when reading the

papers and watching television was no

longer easy for him. It is not hard to imagine

what we would be talking about right

now, if he had had more days ahead of him.

Vesa Jarva and Juha Leskinen


Jaakko Nousiainen

* 20.12.1931 † 24.3.2022

Jaakko Ilmari Nousiainen, former Professor

of Political Science and Chancellor of

the University of Turku, passed away on 24

March 2022 in Turku. He was born on 20

December 1931 in Pälkjärvi, Karelia. He

received his primary education in Joensuu,

Eastern Finland.

In the early 1950s Nousiainen was

enrolled at the University of Helsinki. His

progress was rapid: he obtained his doctorate

in 1956. At the same time, he worked as

a journalist at the Finnish News Agency

(STT). His academic teaching career began

in 1961 as an associate professor at what is

now known as the University of Jyväskylä.

In 1963 he was nominated Professor of

Political Science at the University of Turku,

a chair he held until 1993. In the period

1994–1997 he was the Chancellor of the

university. He was invited to the Finnish


Nousiainen worked as a research professor

at the Academy of Finland from

1987 till 1992. In its conferment ceremony

in 2000, the Faculty of Law at the University

of Turku bestowed the degree of Doctor

Honoris Causa upon him. In 2016 the

Finnish Cultural Foundation granted its

Grand Prize to him for his significant cultural

achievements, especially his research

on and advocacy of the parliamentary form

of government.

Nousiainen’s career coincided with a vast

expansion of the Finnish system of higher

education. He witnessed the deprivatisation

of Finnish universities and the ensuing

expectations of those in power as well as the

general public for useful, applicable and reliable

knowledge from the universities. While

Nousiainen was first and foremost a scholar

and an educator on Finnish political institutions

and political leadership, he willingly

made his services available to the general

public as well. Thus, he became one the pioneering

election commentators in the Finnish

news media. He played an important

role as a constitutional expert in the 2000

reform of the Finnish constitution, its preparations

and aftermath.

Nousiainen led his newly-established

department into a new, more international,

more cross-disciplinary and more transactional

academic world. He spent long periods

of time in the United States and Italy,

but also made shorter study and lecture visits

to several European countries and

encouraged his PhD students and younger

colleagues to establish national and international

contacts. He was among the first

Finnish participants at the World Congress


of the International Political Science Association.

He also played a significant role in

promoting Finland’s membership in the

European Consortium for Political Research

and subsequently became a member of its

Executive Board.

Under Nousiainen’s leadership, a group

of his former students formed an informal

academic community of aspiring scholars

in the field of political institutions and

comparative politics. After being joined by

colleagues from Åbo Akademi University,

the group received the nickname “Turku

School” of political science.

During Nousiainen’s most active years,

the preferred format of publication for a

political scientist was a single-authored

book. True to this tradition, Nousiainen’s

main works are books, many of them

unfortunately available only in Finnish.

His best-known book, The Finnish Political

System, is an exception, as is his Nine

Decades of Finnish Presidency. The former

was a widely studied and consulted text

covering the main institutions of governance

as well as the primary political forces

in Finland. Altogether ten editions were

published of the Finnish version of the

book. Nousiainen also published books on

the Finnish political parties, political leadership

in Finland, eduskunta (Finnish Parliament),

the presidency in Finland as well

as the relationships between the central

government institutions.

Nousiainen was a supportive and understanding

supervisor of his younger colleagues

and PhD students. Under his supervision,

nine persons, most of whom later

became full professors of political science in

Finnish universities, obtained their doctoral

degrees at the University of Turku.

Nousiainen took good care of his physical

well-being. As a young man he used to

run in the neighbourhood of his home, conveniently

located by the Aura River. Later,

his running slowed down to walking and

wintertime skiing. The Nousiainens had a

summer home and a sailboat in the Turku

archipelago. Nousiainen enjoyed sailing and

was much saddened at having to give it up

in his later years. Nousiainen is survived by

his son and daughter and their families. He

is also deeply missed by colleagues, students

and friends in Finland and abroad.

Hannu Nurmi and Heikki Paloheimo

Photo: Central Archives

of the University of Turku


Heikki Palva

* 5.5.1935 † 26.11.2022

Professor Emeritus of Arabic Language

at the University of Helsinki Heikki

Palva died at the age of 87 after suffering

from heart problems. He passed away on

26 November 2022 at his home in Tuusula.

He was born in Porvoo on 5 May

1935.

Heikki Palva grew up in a family of

eight children at the parsonage in Riihimäki

and matriculated from upper secondary

school in 1953. He studied at the

faculties of Theology and Arts at the University

of Helsinki, focusing especially on

Latin, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew and other

Semitic languages.

Having obtained his Master of Arts

degree, Palva made his first linguistic trip

in 1959 by cargo ship to Haifa and by

moped to Galilee to observe the spoken

dialects of local Arab villages. Palva’s doctoral

thesis, Lower Galilean Arabic (1966),

analysed the syllable structures and anaptyctic

and prothetic vowels of these dialects

and thereby the development of the

Arabic language.

The study of Arabic dialects based on

field work became Palva’s scientific specialty.

He expanded his areas of focus to

include Jordan and its Bedouin tribes, but

also Syria, Iraq, Morocco, Tunisia and

Saudi Arabia. Studying the Jewish-Arabic

manuscripts kept in the National Library

of Russia in St. Petersburg shed new light

on the history of the language. Palva was

one of the world’s leading researchers in

Arabic dialectology. His publications have

permanent value; two are worth mentioning

here: Artistic Colloquial Arabic (1992)

and A 17th-18th Century Manuscript in

Spoken Egyptian Arabic. Part One: Text

and Translation & Part Two: Linguistic

Notes (2007–2008).

His career took him from being

appointed a part-time teacher of Arabic,

Hebrew and Greek in Helsinki in 1963 to

working as assistant of Old and New Testament

Exegesis at the Faculty of Theology

1965–1969. He was appointed Professor

(temp.) of Semitic Languages at the

Uppsala University in 1968 and then Professor

of Arabic Language, especially

Modern Arabic, at the University of Gothenburg.

His career there lasted from 1970

to 1982. He then returned to Helsinki in

1982 to take up the post of Professor of

Arabic, which had finally been established

at the university. He retired as Professor

Emeritus in 1998.

The inspiring and kind-hearted teacher

was not only a prolific researcher, but also


made extensive contributions to the work

of scientific and cultural institutions and

associations as a multidisciplinary and

responsible person. Palva was invited as a

member of the Finnish Academy of Science

and Letters in 1986, served as a member

of its board 1999–2009 and was

awarded the title of honorary member in

2012, particularly as the chief editor of the

Humaniora series. He was a member of the

Research Council for the Humanities at

the Academy of Finland 1992–1994. Palva

also gained merit as head of the Finnish

Oriental Society from 1983 to 1993, and

was invited to become an honorary member

of the society in 2005. His membership

in the Bible translation committee 1983–

1991 was a particularly enjoyable role for

him; Palva became Doctor honoris causa in

Theology in 2005.

Scouting was one of Heikki Palva’s

favourite pastimes throughout his life and,

ever since he was a young boy, he enjoyed

“scribbling” various texts. During his years

in office, he also published literature on the

Middle East, religions and the Bible for the

Finnish audience. A couple works worth

mentioning are the extensive Raamatun

tietosanasto (“Bible encyclopaedia”) and

Islamilainen kulttuuri (“Islamic culture”,

cum Irmeli Perho). Even in his retirement

he produced scientific texts and wrote

about his own family history.

His marriage to Leena in 1965 and their

three children – as well as a summer cottage,

mushrooming and a passion for art –

served as a reviving and fortifying home

base in the middle of all the action, and

Palva’s nine grandchildren brought many

moments of joy to their grandfather.

Tapani Harviainen and Kaj Öhrnberg


Markus Pessa

* 21.11.1941 † 31.12.2022

Professor (Emeritus) Markus Pessa, a pioneer

of semiconductor technology in Finland

and a long-time Professor of Physics at

Tampere University of Technology, passed

away on 31 December 2022. Prof. Pessa

made major contributions in the fields of

solid-state physics, materials science and

semiconductor technology over nearly four

decades of professional activity. He was the

founder and director of the Optoelectronics

Research Centre (ORC), the cradle of the

semiconductor and fibre laser industry in

Tampere, until the end of 2009, when he

retired from professional life.

Born in 1941 in Petsamo, Finland, he

obtained a Master of Science degree from

the University of Oulu in 1966, and a

Licentiate degree in Physics, also from the

University of Oulu, in 1970. In 1971 he was

awarded the Doctor of Philosophy title by

the University of Turku, where he also

became a Docent in Physics in 1972. During

the period 1970–1976 he held several

post-doctoral research fellowships in the

USA, England, and Germany. In 1976 he

became Professor of Physics at Tampere

University of Technology (later Tampere

University), becoming a legendary figure in

the Tampere education and research ecosystem.

Professor Markus Pessa was a worldrenowned

scientist in the field of molecular

beam epitaxy (MBE) and optoelectronics,

receiving numerous national and

international distinctions. In 1996 he

received the title of Knight, First Class, of

the Order of the White Rose of Finland,

awarded by the President of the Republic

of Finland. In 2006 he was elected a Foreign

Associate of the United States

National Academy of Engineering, as the

only Finnish citizen so far to receive such

an honorary position. Other important

distinctions include Professor of the Year

(1998), elected by the Finnish Union of

University Professors, Fellow of the Institute

of Physics, London, and an Innovation

Prize (2005) awarded by the New

Technology Foundation for his contributions

to the development of laser technology.

In 2006 he also received a gold medal

of merit from the City of Tampere. He

was also among the first recipients of the

Millennium Distinction Award in 2007

from Technology Academy Finland.

Markus Pessa became a member of the


in 1994 and of the Finnish Academy of

Technology in 1996. He was the recipient

of the Academy Award for lifetime career


achievement awarded by the Finnish


One of the most visible roles that

made Prof. Pessa known to the public at

large is his contribution to setting up the

semiconductor and laser manufacturing

industry in Finland. He was among the

first in Europe to develop the all-solidsource

molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)

crystal growth method. During his leadership

of the ORC group, he contributed

to establishing five spin-off companies in

Tampere, all linked to laser and semiconductor

technology, gaining him the media

title of “Mr. Laser”. His work and intellectual

legacy are continued by the people he

mentored, trained, and inspired. After his

retirement, three other spin-offs have

been established by former ORC researchers

and his disciples. The laser industry

ecosystem around Tampere University

consists of more than 250 highly skilled

professionals and unique fabrication

capabilities, with probably the highest

density of laser technology companies in

Europe.

Looking back over the years, in today’s

world with the European Chips Act for

semiconductors and the fierce global competition

for deep tech, Markus Pessa´s

seminal work in establishing semiconductor

technology and photonic chip industry

in Finland seems more impactful and

relevant than ever.

Risto Nieminen and Mircea Guina


Kalevi Pihlaja

* 13.2.1940 † 2.9.2022

Professor Toivo Kalevi Pihlaja died at the

age of 82 on 2 September 2022. He was

born on 13 February 1940 in Aura and

grew up in Mellilä. He graduated in 1958

from the upper secondary school of Elisenvaara

in Kyrö, which was then part of the

municipality of Karinainen. He completed

his military service in the following year at

the Turku Naval Station, after which he

began his studies at the Faculty of Mathematics

and Natural Sciences at the University

of Turku. Having obtained a master’s

degree in chemistry, he pursued postgraduate

studies under Professor Pentti Salomaa

and, in 1967, defended his doctoral

thesis entitled Kinetic conformational

analysis of 1,3-dioxane and its methyl

derivatives.

Following the defence, he went on to

focus especially on the structures of heterocyclic

compounds in his research. In the

beginning of his research career, he applied

traditional methods of physical chemistry,

reaction kinetics and calorimetry, to quantitatively

describe organic reactions. Already

back in the 1970s, at the same time as his

then colleague Jaakko Paasivirta, he began

using modern NMR spectroscopy and mass

spectrometry when studying the structures

of heterocyclic and environmentally harmful

compounds and natural products.

Pihlaja earned merit exceptionally fast as an

expert in structural chemistry and the conformation

analysis of organic molecules and

achieved an internationally recognized position

in the field. He was appointed Docent

in Physical Organic Chemistry at the University

of Turku in 1969 and Associate Professor

in Organic Chemistry in 1971. In

1973–1974 Pihlaja worked as Visiting Professor

at the University of Stirling in Scotland,

where he had a chance to study heterocyclic

compounds by NMR spectroscopy.

In 1977–1978 he spent time at the State

University of New York in Potsdam, the

United States, where he studied the use of

mass spectrometry in the structural studies

of organic compounds. Even while he was

still at Potsdam, he was appointed Professor

of Physical Chemistry at the University of

Turku in 1978.

Kalevi Pihlaja’s research activities

expanded in the 1980s to environmental

chemistry and the state of the environment

in general. In the 1990s, he also

turned his focus on natural products

chemistry. These topics are featured in

many of his published works. In addition

to conducting research, he served as Chairman

of the Finnish Peatland Society and as


a long-standing expert member of the Maj

and Tor Nessling Foundation and maintained

active contact with the peat industry,

especially regarding environmental

issues.

The scope of Professor Pihlaja’s international

cooperation included not only the

United Kingdom and the United States, but

also many research groups in eastern

Europe, and their active communication

continued for several decades. Especially

worth mentioning are his collaborations in

the field of synthetic organic chemistry with

the Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical University

and Jószef Attila University (merged in

2000 to form the University of Szeged), the

Comenius University in Bratislava, University

of Košice, the Slovak Academy of Sciences,

University of Potsdam, Kocaeli University

(Turkey), the Medical University of

Lublin, University of Gdańsk and University

of Tartu. He was awarded an honorary

doctorate in Pharmacology by the Albert

Szent-Györgyi Medical University in 1989,

an honorary doctorate in Physics by the St.

Petersburg University in 2000, and an honorary

doctorate in Philosophy by the Åbo

Akademi University in 2005. He was invited

to become a member of the Finnish Academy

of Science and Letters in 1982 at only

42 years old.

Professor Pihlaja was a successful teacher

and contributed to advancements in science.

Perhaps his greatest achievement in teaching

was the development of the study programme

in Environmental and Natural

Products Chemistry at the University of

Turku and later at the University of Tartu

under an EU cooperation project. As many

as 36 postgraduate students completed their

doctoral theses under his supervision. His

teaching portfolio includes courses in structural

chemistry, conformation analysis, mass

spectrometry, environmental chemistry and

natural products chemistry. He played a significant

role in the University of Turku

obtaining its first modern NMR spectrometer,

JEOL GX400, in 1984, and in the University

of Turku and Åbo Akademi University

establishing the joint Chemistry Equipment

Centre. The centre obtained expensive

analysis equipment with joint funding, specifically

NMR and mass spectrometers. It is

now known as the Turku Centre for Chemical

and Molecular Analytics (CCMA) and

is located in the Aurum building, a shared

facility of the universities.

Professor Pihlaja helped organize several

Finnish and international conferences

on structural analysis, synthetic organic

chemistry and environmental chemistry. It

is worth mentioning his role in the establishment

of the NMR section under the

Finnish Chemical Society in the 1970s.

One of its main activities was organizing

an annual national NMR event. These

activities have continued to this day. Over

his career, Pihlaja delivered lectures in over

20 countries, travelling as far as Japan and

New Zealand.

In addition to an outstanding scientific

career, Professor Pihlaja occupied numerous

positions of trust. He served as Dean of

the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural

Sciences at the University of Turku (1981–

1986) and as a member of the Research

Council for Natural Sciences of the Academy

of Finland (1980–1985). He was wellknown

across the research community.

Professor Pihlaja was awarded Knight,

First Class, of the Order of the White Rose

of Finland for his merits by President of

the Republic Martti Ahtisaari in 1995.

Even in his retirement, Professor Pihlaja

continued to actively participate in research

and contributed to almost 20 scientific


publications, despite increasingly focusing

on his hobbies. Of these, worth mentioning

are his culinary achievements, as he

received the master chef title of Chevalier

du Bailliage de Finlande (Confrérie de la

Chaíne des Rotisseurs) in 2019. As Professor

Emeritus, he was happy to give interviews

and talk about, for example, the

healing power of the forest and the related

research. His blended family consisted

since 1996 of his wife Anne and her children

and, over the years, he became a

beloved grandfather to nine grandchildren.

He enjoyed spending time with children,

which can also be seen in his volunteer

activities as the so-called “school grandpa”

for the first and second graders of Lauste

elementary school. During his days in

retirement, Pihlaja also found time for

fishing whitefish and Baltic herring and

enjoying time together with his family and

grandchildren.

Harri Lönnberg, Maarit Karonen, Juha-

Pekka Salminen and Jouko Korppi-Tommola


Tuomo Polvinen

* 2.12.1931 † 22.1.2022

Professor Tuomo Ilmari Polvinen died in

Helsinki on 22 January 2022, having turned

90 just over one month earlier. He was born

in Helsinki on 2 December 1931. Polvinen

was known as a prominent master of research

and style, a historian who also made a significant

career in archives. The author of a wide

spectrum of works, Polvinen was also pleasant

company and would often recall and

relate historical anecdotes. Tuomo Polvinen

was a reserved gentleman who would carefully

consider his statements. His opinions

were based on profound expertise and had

great authority.

Polvinen’s grandfather, goldsmith

Tuomo Polvinen, had a famed shop on

Gorokhovaya Street in St. Petersburg, creating

masterly products that also satisfied the

demanding, but often fickle tastes of the

aristocracy in the imperial capital. Only

slightly before the outbreak of World War I,

Polvinen’s grandfather moved his shop to

Mikkeli. The family still had connections to

post-revolution Soviet Union, as Tuomo’s

aunt worked at the Embassy of Finland in

Moscow. Finnish diplomat Johan Nykopp

recalls in his memoirs that “Miss Polvinen”

accompanied J. K. Paasikivi to the Winter

War peace negotiations in Moscow in

March 1940. While serving the embassy,

Miss Polvinen would often overhear sharp

comments made by the temperamental

Councillor of State, offering an unparalleled

portrait of the time.

After passing his matriculation examination,

Tuomo Polvinen pursued studies in history.

The colourful history of his extended

family probably influenced this decision, not

to mention his interest in the language and

culture of our large neighbour. In the early

1950s, young student of history Tuomo

Polvinen started attending the lectures of lecturer

Igor Vahros, later Professor of Russian

Language at the University of Helsinki.

Tuomo continued honing his practical Russian

language skills with his aunt.

Before earning his BA degree, Polvinen

had joined the licentiate seminar of Professor

Arvi Korhonen. Korhonen directed his

students to study either major historical

problems in foreign countries or Finland as

part of an international series of events.

Since Korhonen was well aware of the

young student’s interest in Russia, he

encouraged Polvinen to explore the significance

of Finland’s railways in Russian politics.

In 1962, Polvinen, aged 30, defended

his doctoral thesis entitled Die finnischen

Eisenbahnen in den militärischen und politischen

Plänen Russlands vor dem Ersten


Weltkrieg. Although the focus was on Finland

only, the study also demonstrated how

difficult it was to navigate the different

interests, viewpoints and motives of the

Russian Empire preparing for war and the

Grand Duchy of Finland fighting for its

autonomy.

Polvinen wrote his doctoral thesis while

working at the same time. He was in a good

position to do so as, immediately after earning

his master’s degree, he had been hired as

an archive assistant by the State Archives of

Finland. Historical research based on a thorough

knowledge of archival sources became

an essential part of Tuomo Polvinen’s

researcher profile.

The beginning of his career in the

archives happened to coincide with a phase

when international archives collaboration

was booming and the State Archives were

investing in new technology. State Archivist

Yrjö Nurmi was an excellent role model for

young Polvinen. Nurmio emphasized the

role of the archives as the most important

infrastructure in the humanities and social

sciences. He was an active researcher as

Docent of Political History at the University

of Helsinki, the chair of some learned societies

and a member of the Finnish Academy

of Science and Letters. Nurmio soon had

the new trainee archivist working on his

projects, which were being launched around

the same time. One particularly useful talent

was Polvinen’s good skills in Russian

and his knowledge of the history of Russia

and Russian materials.

In 1955 the State Archives had proposed

to the newly established Scientific and Technological

Cooperation Committee between

Finland and the Soviet Union that key documents

concerning Finland should be

microfilmed. The Soviet Union accepted

the offer of cooperation and both parties

sent a delegation to find suitable material to

exchange. Tuomo Polvinen was involved in

this scientific cooperation from the start. He

guided the Soviet archives experts arriving

in Finland on how to use the Finnish

archives, which were markedly different

from the Soviet ones in terms of their openness,

as access to the Soviet archives was

much more restricted. As a result of the

exchange programme, Finland managed to

obtain altogether 170 000 microfilm images

of archival material concerning Finland

from the Soviet archives in the 1950s. This

cooperation also opened doors to the

archives in Estonia, and President of the

Republic Urho Kekkonen’s visit to Tartu in

1964 further promoted cooperation, which

would continue over the next few years and

decade under special funding from the Ministry

of Education.

The relations forged through common

archives projects furthered Polvinen’s

research activities. The project initiated by

him and its achievements were described in

detail in the 1983 publication Suomen ja

Neuvostoliiton väliset suhteet 1948-1983.

Asiakirjoja ja aineistoja (“Finland-Soviet

Union relations 1948-1983. Records and

materials”, 1983). The editors of the work

included not only researchers, but also

anchors Jaakko Numminen, and his successor

Markku Linna. Both had served at the

Department for Higher Education and Science

and later as Permanent Secretary of the

Ministry of Education.

Polvinen had an internationally oriented

career. He improved his knowledge

of his discipline and archival systems and

his language skills by working in various

roles at foreign universities. He was Aspirant

of History at the Lomonosov Moscow

State University and worked as Assistant of

Eastern European History at the University


of Marburg. His time at Marburg was significant,

because he was asked to join the

research team of the renowned Professor

Peter Scheibert.

Polvinen became known to the reading

Finnish audience with his breakthrough

study Suomi suurvaltojen politiikassa (“Finland

in the politics of the Great Powers”,

1964, Swedish edition 1969). The book was

met with both admiration and confusion

from the generation that had lived through

the war years. It was praised for its strictly

logical, cool and clear style that made it

pleasant to read. In the study, Finland was

positioned as an object in the great military

and political game of World War II, in

which “under conditions of prevailing international

anarchy, the interests of one’s own

state signified a principle above all others”.

Polvinen’s next major work was Venäjän

vallankumous ja Suomi (“The Russian Revolution

and Finland”, 1967, 1971). It is rare

for a historian studying the modern period

to choose such a sensitive topic of research

that sparks major political controversy. The

work demonstrated Polvinen’s thorough

knowledge of the history of Russia and his

skill to focus on the realities of his vast archival

material. He did stress the problematic

nature of the topic, where the sovereignty of

the Finnish people was up against the Bolshevik

world revolution. According to

Polvinen, recognizing Finland’s independence

was not an end in itself for Lenin, but

above all a means to bring about a socialist

revolution in Finland. This conclusion was a

bold claim at the time, because it appeared

to tarnish Lenin’s shiny image as a hero for

recognizing Finland’s independence and

rather showed that he had influenced the

events of 1918 in Finland. Polvinen’s cool,

objective eye also earned recognition and

confidence among Soviet historians and science

administration: he served as chairman

of the history working group of the Scientific

and Technological Cooperation Committee

between Finland and the Soviet

Union and a member of the committee.

After his career in the archives, Polvinen

continued doing research. Archives concerning

World War II and partly the postwar

period had been opened to researchers

in England, Sweden, Finland and the

United States. Material also started trickling

out of the Soviet Union. Polvinen

made good use of all this and produced the

trilogy Barbarossasta Teheraniin, Teheranista

Jaltaan and Jaltasta Pariisin rauhaan

(“From Barbarossa to Tehran, From Tehran

to Yalta, From Yalta to the Paris Peace

Treaty, 1979–1981”). Here, Polvinen revisited

a topic he had explored earlier in the

1960s, this time more thoroughly. The

series was critically acclaimed in every

respect, and rightly so, as it is a fundamental

work of Finnish history that deals with

some of the most fateful and yet most crucial

years in the history of our country. In

1987, the University of Minnesota Press

published a summary of the series in English

entitled Between East and West. Finland

in International Politics, 1944-1947.

This work is one of the most important

works published in an international language

that analyses Finland’s position after

World War II.

Following the trilogy, Polvinen shifted

his attention to another area – he became a

Personal historian who would place his subjects

in wider historical and social contexts.

In his study Valtakunta ja rajamaa. N.I.

Bobrikov Suomen kenraalikuvernöörinä

1898-1904 (“Empire and borderland. N. I.

Bobrikov as Governor-General of Finland

1898-1904”, 1984), he showed that Russia

approached Finland from a politico-military


perspective and therefore sent a soldier to

appease Finland. According to Polvinen,

near the end of the 1890s, Nicholas II had

had to think about how, with the help of

God, he would “find a necessary, respectable

and useful person” to become Governor-

General of the borderland. Nikolai Bobrikov

was appointed to the post – with or without

God’s help. When Bobrikov was killed,

Nicholas II did consider it an enormous and

irrecoverable loss, according to his diary, but

then proceeded to write about the weather

of the day: in the eyes of the empire, this was

nothing more than a borderland, whereas

for Finland, the very existence of the country

was at stake. Polvinen’s work was critically

acclaimed, even internationally, due to

its firm grasp of the big picture and its manner

of expression.

After the death of J. K. Paasikivi, both

Alli Paasikivi and Urho Kekkonen had

asked Arvi Korhonen – a good friend of

Paasikivi’s – to write a biography of the late

statesman. Korhonen refused and with

good reason, because Paasikivi’s private

archives remained inaccessible to researchers

for 25 years, according to Paasikivi’s own

wishes. But when this task became possible,

Tuomo Polvinen was the obvious choice as

the author of the work. He accepted, on the

reasonable condition that he would not

write a history portraying Paasikivi as former

living legend, but a study that meets

high quality criteria. The result was a massive

five-volume series that deals with the

history of Finland as a whole and its international

relations, spanning from the late

19th century to the 1950s. In this study,

Polvinen crystallized the vast knowledge he

had obtained on Russia and when exploring

various national archives. The biography of

J. K. Paasikivi also provides a chronological

summary of the scope of Tuomo Polvinen’s

scientific research.

Polvinen’s extensive, high-quality research

work was based not only on his undeniable

talent, but also on the availability of

funding. In the 1960s he worked as an assistant

both at the University of Helsinki and

at Marburg. Polvinen was Senior Research

Fellow at the State Committee for the Arts

1965–1968. Prior to his appointment as

State Archivist, Polvinen served for a few

years as Professor of General History at

Tampere University. After managing the

State Archives, Polvinen was appointed Professor

of General History at the University

of Helsinki, focusing especially on modern

history, and held this post until he retired.

His research work was made possible by various

leaves of absence and opportunities,

such as research professorships at the Academy

of Finland 1979–1989 and 1992–1995

and other funding.

The high-quality research produced by

Tuomo Polvinen always kept a finger on the

pulse of the times and was – and still is –

widely discussed. It was always an easy choice

for his publisher WSOY to include his works

on their publication agenda. Polvinen’s work

did not go unnoticed by his contemporaries,

and he received several recognitions. These

included awards for merit from the Finnish

Cultural Foundation and the Alfred Kordelin

Fund for General Development and Education.

Polvinen was invited as a member of


in 1971. He was also a member of the Russian

Academy of the Arts. He was awarded the

Commander Cross of the Order of the Lion

of Finland. He was also a two-time recipient

of the State Award for Public Information.

Hannu Heikkilä and Jussi Nuorteva

Photo: Kari Santala / Otavamedia /

Press Photo Archive JOKA /

Finnish Heritage Agency

Olavi Riihinen

* 9.4.1930 † 16.5.2022

Professor of Social Policy at the University

of Helsinki Olavi Riihinen died of a sudden

attack of illness on 16 May 2022 in

Helsinki. He was 92 years old, born in

Pielavesi on 9 April 1930.

Riihinen grew up on a farm in Karstula

and matriculated from the Jyväskylä

Lyceum. He also did sports during his

school years and won the Finnish championship

in javelin throw in the 17-year-old

age group in 1947.

Riihinen first studied ethnology at the

University of Helsinki under Professor

Kustaa Vilkuna, but Professor of Social

Policy Heikki Waris managed to persuade

him to transfer to the Faculty of Social Sciences

to study sociology and social policy

and to work as his assistant.

Riihinen earned his doctorate in political

science in 1965 with a study on

regional change, the same topic on which

he had written his master’s thesis (1956).

The title of his doctoral thesis was Teollistuvan

yhteiskunnan alueellinen erilaistuneisuus

(“Regional differentiation of the

industrial society”) and it applied the

method of factor analysis, which was popular

at the time. The thesis was extremely

thorough and demonstrated the basic

dimensions of Finland’s regional development,

such as the early development of the

service society. After defending his thesis,

Riihinen went on to work under an ASLA

scholarship in the United States, at the

University of California, Berkeley. He was

appointed Professor of Regional Development

Studies at the Tampere University in

1968, but did not remain in this post for

very long before transferring to the University

of Helsinki.

In 1969 Olavi Riihinen was elected Professor

of Social Policy as the successor of

Heikki Waris and he remained in this position

for 25 years. As a new professor and

head of the department, he was immediately

put to the test in the turmoil of a radical

student movement, and the growing

flood of students combined with insufficient

teaching resources did not make the

situation any easier. Back then, there was

very little time left over from teaching and

administrative duties for research.

Despite this, Riihinen contributed to

several research projects and wrote articles

on current issues in social policy. During

his era, the resources of the department

also increased manifold. By the time he

retired, the department had no less than

three professors and a number of other

teachers.


One of the most notable studies from

this period to which Riihinen contributed

was Rautatieläisten Liiton historia I-II

(“History of the Railway Workers’ Union

I-II”, 1975). He also continued studying

regional policy from a social perspective

and, as new topics, family policy and welfare

issues. Already back then, Riihinen

was concerned about the widening gap

between the haves and the have-nots. He

also paid attention to ecological questions

early on. It is worth mentioning that his

doctoral study was replicated already in

1984 (Juha Kärkkäinen), by which time

the regional structure of Finnish society

had changed quite dramatically.

In the 1990s, Riihinen edited two major

works, Suomi 2017 (“Finland 2017”, 1990)

and Sosiaalipolitiikka 2017 (“Social policy

2017”, 1992), which upon publication did

not receive the attention they deserved. In

the latter work, Riihinen presents a perceptive

and concerned prediction of the development

of Finnish society and the welfare

state. He himself remained an advocate of

the welfare state until the end.

During his years in retirement, he

remained fairly active in research and a

productive writer, contributing to the writing

of Sosiaalipoliittisen yhdistyksen historia

(“History of the Social Policy Association

in Finland”, 2009), among others.

Riihinen held many positions of trust,

one of the most significant of which was his

long-standing chairmanship of the Finnish

National Committee of the International

Council on Social Welfare (ICSW). Olavi

Riihinen was invited to become a member

of the Finnish Academy of Science and Letters

in 1981.

Riihinen was humble by nature and

never put himself on a pedestal, but he

could still be assertive as head of the Department

of Social Policy and later as dean of

the faculty when he defended the interests

of his discipline when dealing with disputes

within the university. His academic

approach was benevolent and tolerant,

albeit also critical, when necessary. During

conversations, he always tried to express

himself clearly and would sometimes load

his words with intellectual irony.

One explanation for Riihinen’s old age

and good health was probably the exercise

he had enjoyed since a young age, especially

playing tennis and skiing. Even in his

old age, Riihinen could often be seen in the

winter skiing near his home on the tracks

of Pirkkola and Paloheinä.

Olavi Riihinen spent his last years living

with his wife Eeva-Kaarina in a retirement

home in Helsinki where he continued to

attentively follow the debate on social

issues.

Riihinen’s brother Päiviö (1926–2013)

was also a professor at the University of

Helsinki, in forest economics. The brothers

influenced each other’s research in many

ways, especially methodically in the application

of factor analysis.

Riihinen’s immediate circle included

the family of his daughter Taina-Mari.

Keijo Rahkonen and J.P.Roos

Photo: Helsinki University

Museum / Kuvasiskot


Rauno Ruuhijärvi

* 4.9.1930 † 18.6.2022

A mire research virtuoso and conservationist

with a thorough understanding of peatland

processes, Professor Rauno Ruuhijärvi was

one of the most renowned Finnish natural

scientists, a teacher of several generations of

biologists and an influential figure in many

organizations and in public life both in Finland

and abroad. His versatile and talented

life’s work spanning several decades on behalf

of Finnish nature is among the most impressive

careers of our time.

Professor Rauno Ruuhijärvi died of rapidly

advancing cancer at the age of 91 at his

home in Vantaa on 18 June 2022. He was

born on 4 September 1930 in Hankasalmi.

The family soon moved to Kauhava where

Ruuhijärvi spent his childhood and adolescence.

The vast open landscape of Ostrobothnia,

hiking with friends and a summer

spent digging gold in Lapland as an upper

secondary school student with his teacher

sparked an interest and a love for nature.

Ruuhijärvi started studying natural sciences

at the University of Helsinki in 1951.

He ended up choosing botany as his major

and wrote his doctoral thesis on mire vegetation

and regional division in Northern

Finland. The ideas of the thesis and an

awareness of the endangered nature of

mires matured further in the vast expanses

of Sompio where he led nature surveys in

the Lokka reservoir area in the summers

from 1958 to 1960.

Ruuhijärvi’s doctoral thesis was part of

Professor Aarno Kalela’s large project

examining the regionality of forest and

mire vegetation in Finland. Kalela was

bothered by the difference in principle in

the regional divisions of forest and mire

vegetation described by his father A. K.

Cajander. Mire complex types based on the

morphology of the terrain on the one hand

and caused by the climate on the other had

been identified. In addition to raised bogs,

aapa mires and palsa mires, there was a

Karelian mire complex type in Central Finland

and a slope mire complex type in the

region of Kainuu and Kuusamo. In addition

to Ruuhijärvi, others who wrote their

doctoral theses on mires for the project

were Seppo Eurola (vegetation and

regional division of mires in Southern Finland),

Paavo Havas (ecology of slope

mires), Pekka Isoviita (taxonomy of bog

mosses) and Yrjö Vasari (history of vegetation

in the Koillismaa region). They all

went on to become exemplary professors.

Rauno Ruuhijärvi taught plant ecology

as an assistant professor at the University

of Helsinki from 1963 onwards. Field


courses were held at the Lammi Biological

Station, where he worked as supervisor for

more than 30 years. Ruuhijärvi also organized

memorable excursions to Lapland and

Northern Norway. He led research projects

on aquatic, peatland and forest ecology and

supervised dozens of doctoral and other

theses. It was essential for the understanding

and conservation of Finnish nature

that he launched university education in

nature and environmental protection in

the 1960s and maintained it all the way

until his retirement.

His administrative duties naturally

expanded to include positions of trust in

the Ministry of Education, as plans were

being made for the universities of Jyväskylä

and Joensuu and academic degrees were

reformed in the 1960s and 1970s. He also

served as the first chairman of the Central

Research Council for Environmental Science

at the Academy of Finland and a

member of the Central Research Council

for Science 1986–1989, and as Vice Dean

and Dean of the Department of Mathematics

and Science at the University of

Helsinki until he retired in the 1990s.

Ruuhijärvi’s voluntary conservation

work began as secretary of the research

council for the dam reservoirs of Kemijoki

under the Finnish Association for Nature

Conservation and as leader of the scientific

field studies 1958–1960 at the Kemihaara

bogs in Pelkosenniemi. The Supreme

Administrative Court ruled against the

Vuotos reservoir project in autumn 2002.

In addition, Rauno was a key expert

involved in the conservation efforts of

Ounasjoki and Kyrönjoki and in preparing

the programme on the protection of rapids,

since he was a pioneer especially in scientific

research concerning northern dam reservoirs.

Consequently, the plans to build

reservoirs were cut back or rejected entirely.

Systematic mire protection began in

Finland when Ruuhijärvi was chairman of

the Mire Conservation Committee of the

Finnish Association for Nature Conservation

and the Finnish Peatland Society

1965–1972. The first major mire conservation

plans were prepared for state-owned

peatland, which was protected mainly

under the decisions of the Finnish Forest

Administration (Metsähallitus). After this,

mire conservation efforts expanded to systematic

surveys of the natural state and

biodiversity of mires. Consequently, the

mire conservation working group of the

Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry

drafted a national basic mire conservation

programme 1976–1982 and the Government

made a decision in principle concerning

the implementation of the programme.

The evaluation method for protected

mires, developed by the Mire Conservation

Committee, was ahead of its time. Since it

has been published only in Finnish, it is not

very well known around the world. The

idea was to list the mires in order from best

to worst for the purpose of protecting

them. This was done using basic criteria for

mire complexes and supplementary criteria.

The basic criteria were the representativeness,

size and natural state of the mire

complex and the number of mire types and

nesting marsh birds. Supplementary criteria

were the occurrences of endangered

plants and animals, berry picking potential,

the use of the mire in teaching and research

and the mire landscape. Each criterion was

given a score and the scores were added up

to reveal the order of conservation importance.

As a result of this first mire conservation

plan, some 600 mires were protected

with a total area of c. 500 000 hectares.


When conservation activities became a

branch under the Ministry of Agriculture

and Forestry in 1972, Rauno gradually

became a trusted expert in over 30 teams,

councils and committees of the Ministry of

Agriculture and Forestry, the Ministry of

the Environment, the Ministry of Trade

and Industry and the Prime Minister’s

Office, where the establishment of nature

reserves, research and environmental conservation

issues were frequently discussed

over several decades.

Due to the weakness of environmental

administration, for a long time the Finnish

Association for Nature Conservation

(FANC) had many official-type duties in

terms of environmental instruction, public

information and environmental education.

Ruuhijärvi has been the longest-standing

chairman of FANC, from 1978 to 1990,

and was later the honorary chairman of the

association. During his era, the appreciation

for and influence of FANC reached its

peak. Some of the major national environmental

questions and key areas of advocacy

for Ruuhijärvi in these years were the

struggle to establish the Ministry of the

Environment, influencing Parliament and

legislation, establishing mire conservation

areas and national parks, reorganizing the

Water Administration and cooperation

with WWF Finland.

FANC was the first civic organisation to

receive the Medal of the Parliament of Finland.

The cultural and social significance of

nature reserves was also considered immeasurable.

Conservation work continued in Ruuhijärvi’s

retirement in groups for the protection

of forests and mires at the Finnish

Environment Institute and as part of a Finnish-Russian

nature conservation working

group. His last publications dealt with the

ecological state of palsa mires in Fjeld Lapland

and the rich birch fens in the aapa mire

area. His article on palsa mires in the journal

Suo – Mires and Peat presents an excellent

overview of the occurrence of different palsa

mire types (palsa mounds and palsa plateaus)

and their thawing (major impact) and

formation (minor impact).

In 1978–1985 Rauno contributed to the

work of the nature conservation working

group as a member of the cooperation

commission for environmental conservation

between Finland and the Soviet

Union. This work continued as chairman

of the Finnish partner of the nature conservation

working group under the Ministry

of the Environment 1986–2002.

Ruuhijärvi was the most renowned and

respected Finnish figure among Russian

conservation authorities and researchers in

the 1990s and 2000s.

Rauno Ruuhijärvi enjoyed photography,

loved literature and was familiar with

classic works of poetry and visual arts. He

retained his brilliant memory and his ability

to discuss and debate issues until the

very end of his life.

He married his coursemate Liisa Tenhunen

in 1956, and they had three sons

between 1958 and 1965. The family built a

home in Korso in 1964. After his wife

passed away, Rauno continued to live there

by himself. Rauno’s grandchildren and

great-grandchildren were very dear to him.

They could enjoy their ‘Pappa’s’ warm

embrace, stories and sweets from the candy

cupboard both at the cottage in Padasjoki

and in Korso. Relatives also enjoyed the

hospitality of Rauno and Liisa. The couple

visited almost 80 countries together, for

example on summer excursions for biology

and geography teachers. Around Christmastime,

relatives had the chance to see


and hear a slide show prepared by Rauno

and Liisa about their summer trip to some

exotic corner of the world.

Let’s return once more to that summer

spent searching for gold in Lapland, which

would have a major impact on Rauno’s

future. Did he find gold? Yes, some; he had

a piece of jewellery made from it for his

wife Liisa, but a burglar stole it from their

home in Korso. So the gold that Rauno

found in the golden lands of Lemmenjoki

continues its eternal cycle!

Another incident in Lapland that left a

mark on Rauno’s mind was when he suddenly

realized he had walked right into the

middle of a landmine field built by the

Germans. Should he go back or continue to

the other side of the field? Rauno was

always a forward-looking thinker and this

time was no exception: he walked on cautiously

and managed to escape unscathed.

The experience made him opposed to

landmines and he supported the Ottawa

Treaty to ban them.

Rauno Ruuhijärvi received a number of

awards for merit and recognitions for his

work: the UNEP Global 500 Award, the

Alfred Kordelin Foundation Prize, the Maj

and Tor Nessling Foundation Environmental

Prize, honorary award of the Finnish

Cultural Foundation, award of WWF Finland,

title of doctor honoris causa from the

University of Joensuu, golden badge of

merit from Metsähallitus and the Finnish

Association for Nature Conservation, and

honorary membership of the Finnish Peatland

Society and honorary chairmanship of

the Finnish Association for Nature Conservation.

He became a member of the


1993.

The city of Vantaa established a 53-hectare

nature reserve in Korso in honour of

Rauno Ruuhijärvi’s 90th birthday on 4

September 2020 and named it the Rauno

and Liisa Ruuhijärvi Forest.

Rauno died on a Saturday morning in

his own bed. I was with my students at the

time, exploring Icelandic biogeography,

peatlands, bog mosses, afforestation etc. At

the time Rauno passed away, we were on

the cliffs in central Iceland, watching seabirds

with our binoculars. I especially recall

a small puffin population made up of a

couple dozen birds. It was as if Rauno had

said his goodbyes to me as a puffin. Comparing

Rauno to a puffin may sound odd at

first. But like a puffin, Rauno was at home

in different environments: the puffin in the

water or up on the cliffs or in its burrow –

Rauno in the wilderness in his hiking outfit

or giving a statement to the government

or attending international meetings. Just as

the puffin can carry multiple fish in its

beak to feed to its chicks one by one,

Rauno, too, had multiple projects on his

mind that he worked on whenever he had

the chance. The fish were not necessarily

eaten in a chronological order, but whenever

the opportunity presented itself. He

also shared his ideas with his students, just

like a puffin feeds fish to its pufflings. As

an environmental researcher and conservationist,

Rauno possessed quick reactions

and a clear direction, which gave him a

great head start. That is why he was always

one step ahead of everyone else and was

not easy to overtake.

Harri Vasander

Photo: Personal photo archives

of Rauno Ruuhijärvi


Hannu Saloniemi

* 11.10.1944 † 25.9.2022

Professor, veterinarian, dean Hannu Saloniemi

died of a sudden attack of illness at

the age of 78 on 25 September 2022 in

Helsinki. He was born on 11 October 1944

at the Anseppä dairy farm in Nummi.

While his brother Tuomo took over the

old family farm, Hannu pursued an academic

career in veterinary medicine. His

background growing up on a dairy farm

with cows and horses also influenced Hannu’s

scientific orientation.

Saloniemi earned his licentiate degree

in veterinary medicine in 1970 and

defended his doctoral dissertation in 1980.

He received an honorary doctorate from

both the Estonian University of Life Sciences

and the Latvia University of Life Sciences

and Technologies. He was selected as

a member of the Finnish Academy of Science

and Letters in 2004.

Saloniemi spent most of his career at

the College of Veterinary Medicine and the

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at the University

of Helsinki. He was appointed Professor

in Animal Hygiene in 1987. Saloniemi

served as Dean of the Faculty of Veterinary

Medicine for nine years.

Saloniemi’s career was coloured by

repeated political disputes as to whether the

independent college should be moved from

Helsinki to the University of Kuopio. The

college understood the political realities of

the situation and the University of Helsinki

understood the importance of veterinary

medicine – the college eventually became a

faculty under the University of Helsinki in

1995. During the negotiations, Saloniemi’s

calm and amicable manner combined with

a firm belief in the requirements of successful

education inspired confidence in the

future among staff. As dean, Hannu Saloniemi

steered the faculty through the construction

of its current facilities on the

Viikki Campus.

Saloniemi had a strong ability to anticipate

the future: he was a pioneer in the

health, welfare and behavioural research of

farmed animals and helped establish a disease

register for farmed animals in Finland,

which was unique in the world at the time.

Thanks to Hannu Saloniemi, animal welfare

research in Finland developed to high international

standards. He would also take bold

stands on social issues. Saloniemi’s work is

continued by the Research Centre for Animal

Welfare at the University of Helsinki and

the Finnish Centre for Animal Welfare EHK

at the Natural Resources Institute Finland.

Saloniemi’s passion for addressing common

issues was evident in his numerous


roles in organizations. Saloniemi was active

in the Finnish Veterinary Association, the

Finnish Union of University Professors

and the International Society for Animal

Hygiene, among others. He valued patriotism

and was a member of the heritage

guild for young boys and girls from the

capital region who volunteered in the war

(Pääkaupungin sotilaspoikien ja pikkulottien

perinnekilta).

Family was the most important thing to

Hannu. He started work early in the morning,

but also left work on time, dedicating

the rest of the day to his family. Hannu

found dentist Elina Inkinen as his life partner,

and they had three children: Timo,

Tiina and Mikko. His children and grandchildren

were important to Hannu and

brought joy and meaning to his days in

retirement. Hannu renovated and extended

a summer cottage built near his childhood

home in Nummi to create a much-loved

place to come together with the whole

extended family.

Even when he was busy, Hannu Saloniemi

had the ability to stop, be genuinely

present and listen. Saloniemi was a modern,

coaching leader. He considered looking

after the research and teaching environments

of the faculty as his main responsibility.

Hannu spread warmth and confidence

around him in good times and in bad. We

will continue to cherish the memory of

Hannu’s smile and calm presence.

Antti Sukura, Olli Peltoniemi,

Anna Valros and Laura Hänninen


Olli Tammi

* 24.12.1924 † 22.11.2022

Olli Tammi was born on 24 December 1924

in Helsinki and died on 22 November 2022

in Kauniainen at almost 98 years of age. He

was Professor of Mathematics at the University

of Helsinki from 1970 to 1992. He

became a member of the Finnish Academy


Tammi’s research in mathematics was

related to the classic Finnish school of complex

analysis. In 1952, he defended his doctoral

thesis entitled On the Minimalization

of the Coefficients of Schlicht Functions. His

thesis advisor was Rolf Nevanlinna. The

field of geometric function theory, particularly

extremum problems concerning the

coefficients of univalent functions, remained

the main topic of Tammi’s research throughout

his career. The most famous hypothesis

in the field, the Bieberbach conjecture, was

proved by the American mathematician

Louis de Branges in 1984. Tammi (and his

then-students) focused on a more general

problem, determining the ranges of multiple

coefficients instead of the extremums of

single coefficients. The last works on this

topic Tammi published when he was already

well past retirement age. Key research methods

in this field have been the variational

methods developed by Menahem Schiffer,

and the equation by Charles Loewner. They

both worked at Stanford University, where

Tammi and his family made several research

visits. The Loewner equation, in particular,

was also a key tool in the doctoral theses of

both of the authors of this obituary. In addition

to theoretical proofs, Olli Tammi would

often verify and demonstrate results numerically

and graphically – he used a programmable

HP calculator already back in the

1970s. The graphical studies of the solutions

to Loewner’s equations also initiated

us, later on, to move to study applied mathematics

and numerical methods.

In addition to his own field, Tammi was

particularly interested in descriptive geometry

in his teaching. In this context, he was

interested in stereo photography. He even

obtained a camera for stereo photography,

which he used to take numerous blackand-white

travel photographs. He was also

the first to photograph the flight of the

Sputnik 1 satellite over Finland – the photo

was published in the newspaper Maakansa

on 17 October 1957.

We remember Olli as a good-humoured

and calm advisor. As a researcher, he would

provide clear reasons for his arguments

and was always ready to listen the ideas of

other people.

Olli Jokinen and Heikki Haario

Photo: Helsinki University Museum

Aimo Tietäväinen

* 6.7.1937 † 27.9.2022

Aimo Tietäväinen passed away after a short

illness in Savonlinna on 27 September 2022.

He was born to a family of local merchants

in Suistamo on 6 July 1937. The family had

to move to Savonlinna as refugees.

Savonlinna became Tietäväinen’s second

home town. He matriculated from Savonlinna

Lyceum in 1956. After military service

he started studying at the University of

Turku. Due to financial reasons he had to

interrupt his studies for a year to teach at a

school in Ii. He completed his doctorate in

mathematics in 1965. Tietäväinen started

his teaching career already in the early 1960s

at his home university, first as an assistant,

then as an associate professor and full professor.

He spent brief periods at the Tampere

University of Technology. He retired in

2000. Tietäväinen was invited as a member

of the Finnish Academy of Science and Letters

in 1978.

Tietäväinen began his scientific work

as a number theorist, as a student of

Kustaa Inkeri. His dissertation about systems

of equations in finite fields dealt

with a topic of lively scientific research.

Tietäväinen continued his work in number

theory and obtained some significant

results, such as proof of a long-standing

conjecture of S. Chowla. In the beginning

of the 1970s Tietäväinen became interested

in error correcting codes where the

methods of number theory could be efficiently

applied. He became well known

internationally after characterizing an

important class of codes, perfect codes, in

his paper in SIAM J. Appl. Math in 1973.

The paper became famous and was later

published in a collection of classic papers

on error correcting codes. This paper

alone established Tietäväinen as the father

of coding theorists in Finland.

Tietäväinen continued his work on error

correcting codes, studying, for instance,

cyclic codes and bounds for the corresponding

parameters, obtaining general knowledge

about code efficiency. His variegated

work was largely based on the algebraic theory

of finite fields and character sums. He

belonged to the editorial board of many

international journals and held key roles in

conferences. Many of his foreign colleagues

became his personal friends. Tietäväinen, as

well as his students, published scientific

papers with them. People would sometimes

refer to the “Tietäväinen School”. Tietäväinen

was one of the authors of the Handbook

of Coding Theory.

In Finland Tietäväinen worked in various

research projects of the Academy of Fin-


land. Coding theorists were involved in the

1990s in the Top Group of computer science

and discrete mathematics. Tietäväinen’s

profound knowledge and international

contacts were invaluable.

Tietäväinen was an excellent lecturer,

both in small seminars and before a large

audience. He looked out for his students,

some of the more advanced ones became

his good friends. He enjoyed guiding doctoral

students. All of them have had good

careers, some as university professors.

Colleagues remember Tietäväinen as a

solid, jovial person who was also liked in

his administrative roles, such as faculty

dean and institute chairman. On the occasion

of his 50th birthday, a Festschrift entitled

The Very Knowledge of Coding was

published. “The Very Knowledge” could be

translated as “Aimo Tietäväinen”. When he

turned 60 in 1997, a celebratory issue of

the journal Applicable Algebra in Engineering,

Communication and Computing

was published.

After his retirement in 2000 Tietäväinen

continued his work and interest in

research, as well as his contacts with colleagues

and friends.

Tauno Metsänkylä


Peter Tigerstedt

* 8.12.1936 † 10.10.2022

An academic multitalent, Professor Emeritus

Peter Tigerstedt died in Espoo on 10

October 2022. He was 85 years old, born in

Helsinki on 8 December 1936.

Peter Tigerstedt graduated as Master of

Science in Forestry from the University of

Helsinki in 1959. He continued his studies

at the same university with genetics as his

major, earning his PhD in 1969. He also

studied at several universities abroad. Peter

Tigerstedt was Professor of Plant and Forest

Tree Breeding at the Faculty of Agriculture

and Forestry 1970–1999 and made a

significant contribution to the Viikki Campus

as the founder and developer of the

new discipline. Tigerstedt became a member


Letters in 1989.

As a university researcher and teacher,

Tigerstedt focused on the population

genetics of forest trees and the quantitative

and ecological background of forest tree

breeding. This was a particularly important

area of development in Finland in the

1960s and 1970s when the large-scale

establishment of seed orchards of forest

trees began. Finland is now reaping the

benefits of this work, as the use of selectively

bred seed material is predicted to

generate up to a 30 percent increase in tree

growth. Tigerstedt’s list of publications is

extensive. His over two hundred published

works include 50 original scientific publications,

in addition to which Tigerstedt

edited numerous books on plant breeding.

His publications continue to be frequently

referenced.

Peter’s grandfather Axel founded Arboretum

Mustila on his home farm in 1902

and, over the years, it has developed into a

unique botanical collection with entire forest

stands made up of various tree species.

The area is also an example of the forest

garden concept where the shrubs, lianas

and herbaceous plants in different forest

stands also form a part of the ecologically

functional and aesthetically fascinating

system. One of Peter’s life’s missions was

developing the arboretum and its management

and particularly creating new rhododendron

varieties by cross-breeding, using

the arboretum’s large selection of species in

the Rhododendron genus. The tens of thousands

of climate-hardy rhododendrons

with a gorgeous bloom that have been

planted in Finland and their commercial

propagation beautifully illustrate the

breeding efforts initiated by Peter Tigerstedt.

Hardy, Finnish commercial varieties

of park azalea and park rose have also been


named and been available to the public for

some time now.

Tigerstedt explored the possibilities to

grow corn in Finland well before it is now

becoming a reality due to climate change.

His department cultivated the world’s

northernmost breeding stock of field corn:

during warm growing seasons, the corn

stalks would grow to 1.5 metres in height

and produce well-germinating seeds,

whereas in the cold years, the height would

be less than half a metre and, of the few

kernels, only some would ripen.

A triticale breeding programme was

launched in the late 1970s by cross-breeding

many new triticale lines, and their initial

success was monitored for years in bulk

breeding populations and the most promising

lines were selected. This also involved

the development of a haploid breeding

technique to speed up the breeding process.

To improve the crop security of wheat,

the department also tested the mixed cropping

of wheat varieties in the 1980s: would

it be ecologically beneficial to grow 2–3

varieties or breeding lines with a similar

growing time in the same field to efficiently

maximize the growing conditions

and thereby improve crop security?

Finnish varieties of sea buckthorn were

crossbred with hardy Russian and Chinese

ones to create varieties of the shrub that

produce aromatic, vitamin-rich berries.

The breeding of Chaenomeles as a multipurpose

garden plant was also part of the

department’s programme. Most of the produced

cultivars bloomed in early summer

as attractive, smallish shrubs and, in the

autumn, would produce an abundance of

magnificently coloured fruit rich in pectin,

which could be used as they were or preserved

with other fruit.

The colourful life’s work of Peter Tigerstedt

also included international scientific

activities. He served as a consultant at the

Consultative Group for International Agricultural

Research CGIAR and particularly

at the International Crops Research Institute

for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT),

which is part of the CGIAR network and

located in Hyderabad, India. He was a

member of the administrative board of the

institute. He also served as President of the

European plant breeders’ association and

honorary doctor of the Estonian University

of Life Sciences.

In 1969 Tigerstedt was one of the initiators

of the founding of the Finnish Dendrological

Society and also served as its

first chair. In the same year, he proposed

the founding of the Viikki Arboretum,

which has taken the principle of the Mustila

forest arboretum one step further: trees

and other plants that grow naturally in a

specific geographical area have been gathered

together in separate forest compartments

to form realistic ecosystems.

Peter Tigerstedt was only 15 years old

when he became a radio amateur, and he

eventually became the long-standing chair

and honorary member of the society for

radio enthusiasts.

Tigerstedt’s life cannot be described

without mentioning his musical hobbies,

not only listening to chamber music, but

also playing instruments and singing. He

acted as Conferrer in the 1996 conferment

ceremony of the Faculty of Agriculture

and Forestry, where tradition dictates

that the Conferrer should leave the ball

during the early hours of the morning. As

it happens, Tigerstedt appeared before the

conferment procession making its way

through nightly Helsinki dressed as Carl

Michael Bellman and proceeded to per-


form some of Bellman’s songs to the celebrating

crowd. He was both a curator and

inspector at the student nation Östra Finlands

Nation and brought life to the

nation’s activities as a performer of music.

Peter Tigerstedt’s other hobbies were

cross-country skiing and rowing on inland

waterways. His spouse, two children and

three grandchildren often accompanied

him in these activities.

Olavi Luukkanen, Veikko Koski,

Teemu Teeri and Terttu Parkkari


Päiviö Tommila

* 4.8.1931 † 18.11.2022

Juhani Päiviö Tommila was born in

Jyväskylä on 4 August 1931. His father

Eero Tommila was a college lecturer and

from 1944 Professor of Physical Chemistry

at the University of Helsinki, and his

mother was mathematics teacher Salli

Tommila. Päiviö Tommila went to school

first at the Jyväskylä Lyceum, then at the

Helsinki Real Lyceum. His childhood

home sparked his interest in statistics and

his passion for photography and philately

as a hobby. However, Tommila decided to

pursue studies in Finnish and general history.

Like many other history students, he

chose Finno-Ugric ethnology and political

science as his subsidiary subjects. Young

Tommila performed his military service in

the Niinisalo garrison in western Finland.

Tommila followed the traditional career

path from writing a commissioned history

to working in academic positions. He

started out by writing a history of the Nurmijärvi

parish, and then worked as assistant

of Finnish and Scandinavian history at

the University of Helsinki for six years

(1959–1965). During his time as assistant,

Tommila earned his PhD in 1962 with a

doctoral thesis entitled La Finlande dans la

politique européenne en 1809–1815. The

opponent was Professor Jaakko Suolahti

and the custodian Professor Eino Jutikkala.

Back then, it was still common for professors

in the same department to be opponents.

In the same year that he obtained his

PhD, Tommila became Adjunct Professor

of the chair of Finnish and Scandinavian

history. Tommila spent eleven years (1965–

1976) as Professor of Finnish History at

the University of Turku and the next 18

years (1976–1994) at the University of

Helsinki.

By the 1990s, Päiviö Tommila had

become an influential professor of Finnish

history, shown for instance by the title of

Academician of Science, granted to him in

2004. Professor Tommila’s administrative

career gained momentum from his extensive

work experience at the universities of

Turku and Helsinki in the period from

1967 to 1992. This career was crowned by

his rectorship at the University of Helsinki

1988–1992. His close connections to science

associations further consolidated his

position in academia. He was active in the


where he was elected as a member in 1970.

Tommila was also a prominent member of

the Finnish Society of Science and Letters,

the Finnish Cultural Foundation, the Finnish

Union of University Professors, the


Estonian Institute in Finland and the Federation

of Finnish Learned Societies.

Professor Päiviö Tommila’s research

career was built on three pillars: thorough

research on the press and local histories

and the history of historiography. His first

study on the press dates back to 1963

(Suomen lehdistön levikki ennen vuotta

1860, “The circulation of the Finnish press

before 1860”). Even before then, he had

published local histories, namely Nurmijärven

pitäjän historia (“The history of the

Nurmijärvi parish”, 1958–1959”), and later

Jyväskylän kaupungin historia (“The history

of the city of Jyväskylä”, 1970–1972)

and, following a research project, a collection

entitled Muuttuva kylä (“The changing

village”, 1980). With his work, Tommila

modernized the 1930s local history

research tradition. The third pillar of Tommila’s

published works was his interest in

the history of science, as exemplified in

Suomen historiankirjoitus (“Finnish historiography”,

1989), which became widely

used as a textbook.

It was in these areas of interest that

research groups led by Tommila published

the results of their large multivolume projects

in the years 1979–2002: Suomen kaupunkilaitoksen

historia 1–3 (“The history

of the Finnish city institution”), Suomen

kulttuurihistoria 1–3 (“The cultural history

of Finland”), Suomen lehdistön historia

1–10 (“The history of the Finnish press”)

and Suomen tieteen historia 1–4 (“The history

of Finnish science”). These reference

works based on academic research have

been found useful by several generations of

students and researchers up until the present

day. Professor Tommila’s research portrays

a strong urge to pass on the tradition

of historical research to new generations of

researchers: this is particularly evident in

his works on local history, the period of

Finnish autonomy (1809–1917) and the

history of historiography.

As an active observer of social movements,

Tommila not only produced research,

but also wrote about 400 articles for periodicals

such as Kotiseutu, Suomalainen

Suomi, Valvoja, Uusi Suomi and Kanava.

Tommila’s last work (2011) concerns his

father’s family region in Merikarvia,

Satakunta. Tommila’s roots in Satakunta in

western Finland were important to him, as

was his summer house in Kustavi archipelago.

Tommila was married to mathematics

teacher Seija Tommila (née Kilpi, 1931–

2017) and they had five children. In the last

year of his life, Tommila lived in a nursing

home, but was in good health and enjoyed

the company of his 15 grandchildren and 10

great-grandchildren. Professor Päiviö Tommila

passed away in Kauniainen at the age

of 91 on 18 November 2022. Tommila provided

instruction and guidance to a wide

group and multiple generations of history

students. We remember his service to historical

research and Finnish science with

gratitude.

Maria Lähteenmäki

Photo: Academy of Finland


Finnish Academy of Science and Letters, Year Book 2022

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?