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Delsate, Steur, Schneider, Thuy Lower to Middle Emsian flora and fauna from Consthum and Merkholtz 4. Palaeogeography and palaeoenvironment The two sites are situated in the southern border of the Neufchateau-Eifel synclinorium. Lower Devonian sediments are mostly terrigenous, transgressive on the old eroded cambro-silurian basement. Showing lioral or lagunar facies, they deposited in a shallow sea, forming sandstoneschists sequences, with occasional emersion facies. The zone was a part of the lioral of the « Old Red Sandstone » continent (North America, Groenland and Western Europa). Life existed around lakes and rivers, as low vegetation, oen with the feet in water, while the first vertebrates developed in brackish lioral waters (Daoust, 2002). The palynology of EIB and E2 local samples indicates continental or nearshore marine environment, in this case with a very significant influx of freshwater from the continent (Steemans et al. 2000). Ripple marks on many beds indicate neritic or shallower facies. Drepanophycus is considered to occupy a supratidal biotope, while “Taeniocrada” would live in the intertidal zone (von Koenigswald & Meyer, 1994). The presence of bivalves that lived aached to plants is an interesting palaeoecological data. 5. Conclusion More ancient early fishes, like Pteraspis, already swam in the Luxembourg waters, as pteraspid remains (together with the brachiopods Rhenorensselaria crassicosta) were found in the Lower Siegenian Bastogne (B) metamorphic quartzites (Antun, 1954), rocks also very locally present in Luxembourg (Schimpach). Anyway, the vertebrates described here add some new data to the knowledge of the regional Lower Devonian faunas, even if their relative rarity makes them rather poor biostratigraphical tools. The plants remains and the invertebrates call for a new look to the Oesling palaeontology, in a co-ordinated study 18 with the neighbouring German and Belgian districts (Fairon-Demaret 1978, Gerienne 1983, 1992, 1994), but here again precise biostratigraphical indicators are missing. 6. Thanks Sincere thanks are due to Dr Simon Philippo and M. Alain Faber (Luxembourg, L) for the informations about the regional tectonics, to Dr Hans Peter Schultze (Berlin, D) for the confirmation of the porolepid scale aribution, to Dr Michael Amler (Marburg, D) for kindly accepting the preliminary identification of the Bivalves, Dr Alain Blieck (Lille, F) and Dr Hervé Lelièvre (Paris, F) for discussions about palaeozoic fishes, Dr Muriel Fairon-Demaret (Liège, B) and Dr Philippe Gerrienne (Liège, B) for their assistance in the identification of the plant fossils. Dr Paul Antun (Brandenbourg, L) drew our aention to the possible presence of fishes remains in Lower and Middle Emsian strata, and provided very valuable literature. Recieved 20/10/2002 Ferrantia • 36 / 2003
Delsate, Steur, Schneider, Thuy Lower to Middle Emsian flora and fauna from Consthum and Merkholtz Plate 1 1 2 Fig. 1 : Location of the explored quarries. 007 : Consthum; 008 : Merkholtz Fig. 2 : Upper level of the Consthum quarry Ferrantia • 36 / 2003 19
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20 Les haies au Grand-Duché de Lux
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