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sottoraffreddatori di liquido liquid subcoolers sous-refroidisseur de ...

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SUB<br />

SOTTORAFFREDDATORI DI LIQUIDO<br />

LIQUID SUBCOOLERS<br />

SOUS-REFROIDISSEUR DE LIQUIDE<br />

FLÜSSIGKEITS-UNTERKÜHLER<br />

Il fluido refrigerante all’uscita <strong>di</strong><br />

un con<strong>de</strong>nsatore è normalmente<br />

raccolto in un ricevitore<br />

<strong>di</strong> <strong><strong>liquid</strong>o</strong>, in cui si realizza la<br />

coesistenza <strong>de</strong>lle fasi <strong>liquid</strong>a e<br />

vapore. Quin<strong>di</strong>, la temperatura<br />

<strong>de</strong>l con<strong>de</strong>nsato all’uscita <strong>de</strong>l<br />

ricevitore <strong>di</strong> <strong><strong>liquid</strong>o</strong> è coinci<strong>de</strong>nte<br />

con la temperatura <strong>di</strong><br />

con<strong>de</strong>nsazione, a meno <strong>de</strong>gli<br />

effetti indotti dalle per<strong>di</strong>te <strong>di</strong><br />

carico che il refrigerante subisce<br />

durante l’attraversamento <strong>de</strong>l<br />

con<strong>de</strong>nsatore (che riducono la<br />

temperatura <strong>di</strong> valori <strong>di</strong> norma<br />

inferiori al grado)<br />

The fluid refrigerant at the outlet<br />

of an air cooled con<strong>de</strong>nser<br />

is usually collected in a <strong>liquid</strong><br />

receiver, in which the <strong>liquid</strong> and<br />

vapour phases coexist. The temperature<br />

of the con<strong>de</strong>nsate at<br />

the outlet of the <strong>liquid</strong> receiver is<br />

therefore at a temperature which<br />

coinci<strong>de</strong>s with the con<strong>de</strong>nsation<br />

temperature, exclu<strong>di</strong>ng the<br />

effects induced by the pressure<br />

drop which the refrigerant<br />

un<strong>de</strong>rgoes while passing<br />

through the con<strong>de</strong>nser (which<br />

reduce the temperature by values<br />

of usually less than one<br />

<strong>de</strong>gree).<br />

Le flui<strong>de</strong> réfrigérant, en sortie<br />

d'un con<strong>de</strong>nseur, est généralement<br />

recueilli dans un réservoir<br />

<strong>de</strong> <strong>liquid</strong>e, dans lequel coexistent<br />

les phases <strong>liquid</strong>e et vapeur.<br />

Par conséquent, la température<br />

du flui<strong>de</strong> à la sortie du réservoir<br />

<strong>de</strong> <strong>liquid</strong>e coïnci<strong>de</strong> avec<br />

la température <strong>de</strong> con<strong>de</strong>nsation,<br />

moins les pertes <strong>de</strong> charge subies<br />

par le réfrigérant lorsqu'il<br />

traverse le con<strong>de</strong>nseur ( qui réduisent<br />

la température <strong>de</strong> valeurs<br />

normalement infeérieures<br />

au <strong>de</strong>gré).<br />

Das Kältemittel wird am<br />

Ausgang eines Verflüssigers<br />

normalerweise in einem<br />

Flüssigkeitssammler gesammelt,<br />

in <strong>de</strong>m sowohl <strong>di</strong>e Flüssig- als<br />

auch <strong>di</strong>e Dampfphase gemeinsam<br />

stattfin<strong>de</strong>n. Die Temperatur<br />

<strong>de</strong>s Kon<strong>de</strong>nsats am Ausgang<br />

<strong>de</strong>s Flüssigkeitssammlers entspricht<br />

somit <strong>de</strong>r Veflüssigungs-<br />

Temperatur, abzüglich <strong>de</strong>r<br />

Druckverluste, <strong>de</strong>nen das<br />

Kältemittel bei Durchlaufen <strong>de</strong>s<br />

Verflüssigers ausgesetzt ist (<strong>di</strong>e<br />

Druckverluste reduzieren <strong>di</strong>e<br />

Temperatur in <strong>de</strong>r Regel um<br />

Werte unter einem grad).<br />

La possibilità <strong>di</strong> sottoraffreddare<br />

il <strong><strong>liquid</strong>o</strong> con<strong>de</strong>nsato prima <strong>di</strong><br />

espan<strong>de</strong>rlo e <strong>di</strong> immetterlo nell’evaporatore<br />

comporta il notevole<br />

vantaggio termo<strong>di</strong>namico<br />

<strong>di</strong> aumentare il salto entalpico<br />

subito dal refrigerante nell’evaporatore,<br />

in Fig. 1 è rappresentato<br />

schematicamente il posizionamento<br />

<strong>di</strong> un sottoraffreddatore<br />

in un impianto frigorifero.<br />

Questo si traduce in un aumento<br />

<strong>de</strong>lla potenza frigorifera e<br />

<strong>de</strong>ll’efficienza energetica. In<br />

pratica, tutto il calore ceduto<br />

all’ambiente nella fase <strong>di</strong> sottoraffreddamento<br />

viene reintrodotto<br />

nel ciclo frigorifero come<br />

effetto utile (gratuito da un punto<br />

<strong>di</strong> vista <strong>de</strong>i consumi energetici)<br />

nella fase <strong>di</strong> evaporazione, come<br />

evi<strong>de</strong>nziato in Fig. 2.<br />

The possibility of subcooling<br />

the <strong>liquid</strong> con<strong>de</strong>nsate before<br />

expan<strong>di</strong>ng it and admitting it to<br />

the evaporator gives the significant<br />

thermodynamic advantage<br />

of increasing the<br />

enthalpy change un<strong>de</strong>rgone<br />

by the refrigerant in the evaporator<br />

Fig. 1 schematically<br />

shows how a subcooler is positioned<br />

in a refrigeration plant.<br />

This translates into an increase<br />

of refrigerating capacity and<br />

energy efficiency. In practice,<br />

all the heat given up to the<br />

atmosphere in the subcooling<br />

phase is reintroduced into the<br />

refrigeration cycle as useful<br />

work (free from the point of<br />

view of energy consumption) in<br />

the evaporation phase, as<br />

shows Fig. 2.<br />

Sous-refroi<strong>di</strong>r le <strong>liquid</strong>e con<strong>de</strong>nsé<br />

avant détente dans l'évaporateur<br />

présente l'avantage thermodynamique<br />

d'augmenter<br />

l'écart d'enthalpie obtenu par<br />

le réfrigérant dans l'évaporateur<br />

la Fig. 1 représente schématiquement<br />

le positionnement<br />

d'un <strong>sous</strong>-refroi<strong>di</strong>sseur dans<br />

une installation frigorifique. Ceci<br />

se traduit par une augmentation<br />

<strong>de</strong> la puissance frigorifique<br />

et <strong>de</strong> l'efficacité énergétique.<br />

En pratique, toute la chaleur<br />

rejetée pendant la phase <strong>de</strong><br />

<strong>sous</strong>-refroi<strong>di</strong>ssement est réintroduite<br />

dans le cycle <strong>de</strong> refroi<strong>di</strong>ssement<br />

comme effet utile<br />

(aucune consommation énergétique)<br />

pendant la phase d'évaporation,<br />

voir Fig. 2.<br />

Die Möglichkeit, <strong>di</strong>e kon<strong>de</strong>nsierte<br />

Flüssigkeit vor <strong>de</strong>r Expansion<br />

und Einlass in <strong>de</strong>n Kühler zu unterkühlen,<br />

hat <strong>de</strong>n be<strong>de</strong>uten<strong>de</strong>n<br />

thermodynamischen Vorteil,<br />

<strong>de</strong>n vom Kältemittel im Luftkühler<br />

erhaltenen Enthalpiesprung<br />

zu erhöhen in; Fig. 1 wird schematisch<br />

<strong>di</strong>e Lage eines Unterkühelrs<br />

in einer Kühlanlage dargestellt.<br />

Dadurch erhält man eine<br />

Steigerung <strong>de</strong>r Kälteleistung<br />

und <strong>de</strong>r Energieeffizienz. Die<br />

gesamte in <strong>de</strong>r Unterkühlungsphase<br />

an <strong>di</strong>e Umgebung abgegebene<br />

Wärme wird <strong>de</strong>m Kältekreis<br />

erneut in <strong>de</strong>r Verdampfungsphase<br />

als (vom Gesichtspunkt<br />

<strong>de</strong>s Energieverbrauchs unentgeltlichem)<br />

Nutzeffekt zugeführt,<br />

siehe Fig. 2.<br />

4<br />

LIQUID RECEIVER<br />

SUBCOOLER<br />

3<br />

CONDENSER<br />

5 6<br />

Qc<br />

2<br />

COMPRESSOR<br />

Qr<br />

1<br />

W<br />

PRESSURE<br />

5<br />

6<br />

4 3<br />

6’<br />

2<br />

Qc<br />

W<br />

Qr<br />

1<br />

ENTHALPHY<br />

Fig. 1 EVAPORATOR<br />

Fig. 2<br />

EXTRA FREE CAPACITY<br />

WITH SUBCOOLER<br />

1

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