Carte d'occupation des sols dans la vallée de Biriatou
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Carte d'occupation des sols dans la vallée de Biriatou

Carte d'occupation des sols dans la vallée de Biriatou

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<strong>Carte</strong> d’occupation <strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> <strong>sols</strong> <strong>dans</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>vallée</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Biriatou</strong><br />

Télédétection<br />

Partie IV<br />

<strong>Carte</strong> d’occupation <strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> <strong>sols</strong> <strong>dans</strong> <strong>la</strong><br />

<strong>vallée</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Biriatou</strong><br />

Gabriel DOS SANTOS Rapport <strong>de</strong> stage – Avril / Juin 2001 68

<strong>Carte</strong> d’occupation <strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> <strong>sols</strong> <strong>dans</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>vallée</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Biriatou</strong><br />

Télédétection<br />

Gabriel DOS SANTOS Rapport <strong>de</strong> stage – Avril / Juin 2001 69

<strong>Carte</strong> d’occupation <strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> <strong>sols</strong> <strong>dans</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>vallée</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Biriatou</strong><br />

Télédétection<br />

Conclusion<br />

Dans cette étu<strong>de</strong>, j’ai pu appréhen<strong>de</strong>r les limites <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> c<strong>la</strong>ssification spectrale. En effet, <strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong><br />

pixels représentant <strong>de</strong>ux thèmes différents peuvent avoir <strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> signatures spectrales proches et donc<br />

être affectés à <strong>la</strong> même c<strong>la</strong>sse. Cependant, cette technique permet d’obtenir un premier résultat non<br />

négligeable qu’il est possible d’améliorer par <strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> techniques manuelles. Par ailleurs, pour l’étu<strong>de</strong><br />

<strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> végétaux, une émulsion infrarouge couleur est mieux adaptée car elle permet <strong>de</strong> mieux<br />

distinguer les différentes catégories <strong>de</strong> végétaux.<br />

Le logiciel ER Mapper© présente aussi <strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> limites, notamment en ce qui concerne <strong>la</strong><br />

vérification <strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> résultats. En effet, on peut observer que <strong>dans</strong> <strong>la</strong> méthodologie <strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> traitements<br />

d’image, chaque phase amenant à un résultat fait l’objet d’une vérification. On passe à l’étape<br />

suivante après validation <strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> résultats. Le logiciel ER Mapper© ne propose pas <strong>de</strong> fonction directe<br />

permettant d’effectuer ces validations. Des manipu<strong>la</strong>tions utilisant <strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> formules sont nécessaires et<br />

par exemple pour vali<strong>de</strong>r l’orthorectification, d’autres logiciels, tels que Microsoft Excel©, sont<br />

indispensables.<br />

D’autre part, ce stage m’a beaucoup apporté tant <strong>dans</strong> l’aspect humain que technique. Il m’a<br />

permis <strong>de</strong> réaliser que les discussions sont souvent fructueuses et que le travail d’équipe est<br />

essentiel pour résoudre <strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> difficultés. Aussi, ce stage m’a permis <strong>de</strong> tester ma capacité<br />

d’autonomie.<br />

Enfin, ce stage a été l’occasion d’approfondir mes connaissances géographiques du point <strong>de</strong><br />

vue technique, mais aussi théorique, en pratiquant <strong>la</strong> télédétection qui est <strong>de</strong>venue un outil quasi<br />

indispensable à l’étu<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> surface <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> Terre. Enfin, cette expérience a confirmé mon intérêt<br />

pour <strong>la</strong> géographie qui s’est dévoilé grâce à <strong>la</strong> pluridisciplinarité <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> filière MASS ouverte sur <strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong><br />

problématiques très variées. Ainsi, les étudiants <strong>de</strong> cette filière peuvent mettre au service <strong>de</strong><br />

diverses disciplines leurs connaissances statistiques et informatiques.<br />

Gabriel DOS SANTOS Rapport <strong>de</strong> stage – Avril / Juin 2001 70

<strong>Carte</strong> d’occupation <strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> <strong>sols</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>vallée</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Biriatou</strong><br />

Télédétection<br />

Bibliographie<br />

ADEME (1998). Rapport d’activité <strong>de</strong> l’ADEME<br />

DATA-IMAGE (1996-1998). Manuel utilisateur « Data-expert », concepts généraux.<br />

ETCHELECOU André, DELETRAZ Gaëlle, ELICHEGARAY Christian (2001). Programme<br />

Ecosystèmes, Transports, Pollutions, rapport <strong>de</strong> synthèse.<br />

ER Mapper 6.0 (1998) : User Gui<strong>de</strong>, Tutorial<br />

GUILLOT Eric, GAGNIERE Michel. La télédétection, image et rélité. Etu<strong>de</strong> d’une image Landsat<br />

« <strong>la</strong> région urbaine genevoise. Université <strong>de</strong> Genève : mémoire <strong>de</strong> licence en géographie<br />

GIRARD M.C. et C.M. (1989). Télédétection appliquée : zones tempérées et intertropicales. Ed.<br />

Masson, coll. Sciences agronomiques.<br />

IGN : site www.IGN.fr<br />

MapInfo : Manuel <strong>de</strong> référence<br />

MARCEAU Danielle, GRATTON Denis, FORTIN Jean-Pierre (1992). Interprétation automatisée<br />

d’image <strong>de</strong> télédétection. Rapport scientifique et technique, n° 354.<br />

Ministère <strong>de</strong> l’environnement (1992). Environnement et aménagement, l’usage <strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> photographies<br />

aérienne, éditions du STU.<br />

ONF (1997). Les bases <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> cartographie, version 1. Gui<strong>de</strong> pratique SIG<br />

ONF (1997). L’information géographique numérique, version 1. Gui<strong>de</strong> pratique SIG<br />

ROBIN Marc (1995). La télédétection. Ed. Nathan, coll. Fac géographie<br />

TONYE Emmanuel, AKONO A<strong>la</strong>in, NDI NYOUNGUI André (2000). Le traitement <strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> images <strong>de</strong><br />

télédétection par l’exemple. Ed. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers.<br />

Gabriel DOS SANTOS Rapport <strong>de</strong> stage – Avril / Juin 2001 71

<strong>Carte</strong> d’occupation <strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> <strong>sols</strong> <strong>dans</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>vallée</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Biriatou</strong><br />

Télédétection<br />

Annexes<br />

Gabriel DOS SANTOS Rapport <strong>de</strong> stage – Avril / Juin 2001 72

<strong>Carte</strong> d’occupation <strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> <strong>sols</strong> <strong>dans</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>vallée</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Biriatou</strong><br />

Télédétection<br />

Annexes I : points d’amer<br />

GCPs for dataset : E:\Scan_bir\0668.ers<br />

Total number of GCPs: 21<br />

Number turned on : 18<br />

Warp or<strong>de</strong>r : 0<br />

GCP CORRECTED map projection <strong>de</strong>tails:<br />

Map Projection : LM1FRE3D<br />

Datum : NTF<br />

Rotation : 0.000<br />

RMS error report:<br />

Warp Type - OrthoRectification<br />

Exterior Orientation Parameters:<br />

Angu<strong>la</strong>r units are in radians<br />

Attitu<strong>de</strong> omega 0.0020392210<br />

Attitu<strong>de</strong> phi 0.0077270646<br />

Attitu<strong>de</strong> kappa -0.0111005520<br />

Exposure Center X 280251.7828059<br />

Exposure Center Y 3119350.1575840<br />

Exposure Center Z 4544.4672361<br />

-----ACTUAL----- ---PREDICTED---<br />

Point Cell-X Cell-Y Cell-X Cell-Y RMS<br />

"1" 2351.502 1142.596 2351.880 1138.971 3.6446<br />

"2" 2456.738 1523.164 2454.336 1525.124 3.1002<br />

"3" 2138.252 1785.120 2142.856 1787.102 5.0125<br />

"4" 2449.167 234.079 2441.637 242.254 11.1150<br />

"5" 452.953 1329.347 464.614 1331.795 11.9152<br />

"6" 610.303 403.669 672.649 341.900 87.7634 OFF<br />

"7" 1449.167 1924.678 1448.519 1926.728 2.1495<br />

"8" 535.603 676.224 533.346 670.351 6.2913<br />

"9" 1065.571 2517.486 1065.749 2506.787 10.7005<br />

"10" 1595.413 218.685 1592.663 210.348 8.7787<br />

"11" 2014.341 2228.527 2016.301 2230.476 2.7645<br />

"12" 918.063 180.325 911.959 176.541 7.1818<br />

"13" 218.252 2175.782 156.273 2209.286 70.4549 OFF<br />

"14" 2064.435 804.174 2062.285 805.163 2.3668<br />

"15" 2216.612 2371.871 2201.288 2352.259 24.8886 OFF<br />

"16" 2411.943 2486.950 2413.733 2489.900 3.4511<br />

"22" 2781.912 2435.972 2782.698 2438.521 2.6675<br />

"18" 1714.656 2423.101 1718.689 2421.551 4.3207<br />

"19" 1915.539 1404.804 1915.505 1407.156 2.3518<br />

"20" 2764.246 1812.628 2764.663 1814.593 2.0093<br />

"21" 1670.744 2325.435 1667.320 2329.997 5.7041<br />

Average RMS error : 5.307<br />

Total RMS error : 95.525<br />

Note: Total and average RMS errors do not inclu<strong>de</strong> OFF points<br />

End of GCP <strong>de</strong>tails<br />

Gabriel DOS SANTOS Rapport <strong>de</strong> stage – Avril / Juin 2001 73

<strong>Carte</strong> d’occupation <strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> <strong>sols</strong> <strong>dans</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>vallée</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Biriatou</strong><br />

Télédétection<br />

GCPs for dataset<br />

: E:\Scan_bir\0670.ers<br />

Total number of GCPs: 24<br />

Number turned on : 23<br />

Warp or<strong>de</strong>r : 0<br />

GCP CORRECTED map projection <strong>de</strong>tails:<br />

Map Projection : LM1FRE3D<br />

Datum : NTF<br />

Rotation : 0.000<br />

RMS error report:<br />

Warp Type - OrthoRectification<br />

Exterior Orientation Parameters:<br />

Angu<strong>la</strong>r units are in radians<br />

Attitu<strong>de</strong> omega -0.0050295975<br />

Attitu<strong>de</strong> phi 0.0121792771<br />

Attitu<strong>de</strong> kappa -0.0293279208<br />

Exposure Center X 275369.3191671<br />

Exposure Center Y 3119677.4294879<br />

Exposure Center Z 4564.5348757<br />

-----ACTUAL----- ---PREDICTED---<br />

Point Cell-X Cell-Y Cell-X Cell-Y RMS<br />

"1" 890.681 131.871 889.338 131.503 1.3931<br />

"2" 1361.596 140.956 1363.241 146.709 5.9835<br />

"3" 1756.297 102.091 1757.913 99.077 3.4209<br />

"4" 2046.013 89.978 2045.100 94.365 4.4808<br />

"5" 2653.205 53.511 2652.182 55.011 1.8156<br />

"6" 1873.899 244.426 1875.699 251.218 7.0267<br />

"7" 2743.047 789.662 2746.195 795.059 6.2473<br />

"8" 2699.136 1231.429 2689.663 1235.633 10.3638<br />

"9" 305.697 676.224 302.993 674.644 3.1319<br />

"10" 246.644 916.476 241.266 918.840 5.8736<br />

"11" 548.978 158.874 547.430 156.513 2.8230<br />

"12" 495.476 73.574 493.137 71.773 2.9518<br />

"13" 1534.719 330.987 1535.295 332.271 1.4070<br />

"14" 1455.981 502.596 1460.021 491.429 11.8752<br />

"15" 1139.009 525.309 1136.650 525.765 2.4035<br />

"16" 831.123 1210.230 835.031 1207.625 4.6968<br />

"17" 1751.249 805.940 1745.346 807.993 6.2503<br />

"18" 1694.215 1039.126 1693.467 1038.787 0.8205<br />

"19" 1369.924 1083.921 1364.775 1070.384 14.4829<br />

"20" 674.656 2642.407 673.677 2641.809 1.1469<br />

"4" 191.628 2606.571 199.170 2599.171 10.5667<br />

"22" 1741.659 2465.751 1747.569 2473.062 9.4011<br />

"23" 2210.050 2548.527 2222.241 2550.933 12.4255<br />

"24" 2216.107 2707.013 2233.037 2695.811 20.2995 OFF<br />

Average RMS error : 5.695<br />

Total RMS error : 130.988<br />

Note: Total and average RMS errors do not inclu<strong>de</strong> OFF points<br />

End of GCP <strong>de</strong>tails<br />

Gabriel DOS SANTOS Rapport <strong>de</strong> stage – Avril / Juin 2001 74

<strong>Carte</strong> d’occupation <strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> <strong>sols</strong> <strong>dans</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>vallée</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Biriatou</strong><br />

Télédétection<br />

GCPs for dataset<br />

: E:\Scan_bir\0672.ers<br />

Total number of GCPs: 7<br />

Number turned on : 6<br />

Warp or<strong>de</strong>r : 0<br />

GCP CORRECTED map projection <strong>de</strong>tails:<br />

Map Projection : LM1FRE3D<br />

Datum : NTF<br />

Rotation : 0.000<br />

RMS error report:<br />

Warp Type - OrthoRectification<br />

Exterior Orientation Parameters:<br />

Angu<strong>la</strong>r units are in radians<br />

Attitu<strong>de</strong> omega -0.0032865227<br />

Attitu<strong>de</strong> phi 0.0065600022<br />

Attitu<strong>de</strong> kappa -0.0376924552<br />

Exposure Center X 270487.3844872<br />

Exposure Center Y 3119967.3432589<br />

Exposure Center Z 4546.5327756<br />

-----ACTUAL----- ---PREDICTED---<br />

Point Cell-X Cell-Y Cell-X Cell-Y RMS<br />

"1" 2103.552 615.404 2102.243 616.515 1.7172<br />

"2" 1251.565 1397.486 1249.069 1400.420 3.8521<br />

"3" 1336.864 2009.221 1335.106 2009.515 1.7830<br />

"4" 1171.817 624.741 1174.911 622.033 4.1122<br />

"5" 2146.580 2687.580 2149.103 2683.435 4.8524<br />

"6" 2635.918 2714.457 2635.947 2716.880 2.4227<br />

"7" -1.000 -1.000 0.000 0.000 0.0000 OFF<br />

Average RMS error : 3.123<br />

Total RMS error : 18.740<br />

Note: Total and average RMS errors do not inclu<strong>de</strong> OFF points<br />

End of GCP <strong>de</strong>tails<br />

Gabriel DOS SANTOS Rapport <strong>de</strong> stage – Avril / Juin 2001 75

<strong>Carte</strong> d’occupation <strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> <strong>sols</strong> <strong>dans</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>vallée</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Biriatou</strong><br />

Télédétection<br />

GCPs for dataset<br />

: E:\Scan_bir\0792.ers<br />

Total number of GCPs: 22<br />

Number turned on : 22<br />

Warp or<strong>de</strong>r : 0<br />

GCP CORRECTED map projection <strong>de</strong>tails:<br />

Map Projection : LM1FRE3D<br />

Datum : NTF<br />

Rotation : 0.000<br />

RMS error report:<br />

Warp Type - OrthoRectification<br />

Exterior Orientation Parameters:<br />

Angu<strong>la</strong>r units are in radians<br />

Attitu<strong>de</strong> omega -0.0092026201<br />

Attitu<strong>de</strong> phi 0.0045349251<br />

Attitu<strong>de</strong> kappa -0.0277347914<br />

Exposure Center X 278627.7432958<br />

Exposure Center Y 3124139.8994974<br />

Exposure Center Z 4142.6496069<br />

-----ACTUAL----- ---PREDICTED---<br />

Point Cell-X Cell-Y Cell-X Cell-Y RMS<br />

"1" 804.372 1692.754 808.758 1688.768 5.9266<br />

"2" 311.249 2119.252 310.850 2119.901 0.7620<br />

"3" 155.792 81.650 154.108 79.122 3.0373<br />

"4" 2734.467 512.691 2735.659 513.020 1.2365<br />

"5" 2349.356 2710.798 2350.579 2712.883 2.4169<br />

"6" 134.088 2454.142 132.563 2448.980 5.3825<br />

"7" 178.000 2341.839 176.735 2341.573 1.2925<br />

"8" 1325.256 1965.814 1325.217 1967.691 1.8771<br />

"9" 1818.379 2306.508 1819.460 2302.892 3.7741<br />

"10" 1401.975 2633.322 1406.041 2643.726 11.1704<br />

"11" 2367.022 2221.461 2366.352 2213.619 7.8703<br />

"12" 2462.921 889.978 2464.422 885.164 5.0423<br />

"13" 2301.407 1572.375 2295.195 1574.270 6.4941<br />

"14" 148.221 1283.416 153.478 1284.682 5.4075<br />

"15" 60.397 717.107 62.283 717.758 1.9947<br />

"16" 1090.555 213.890 1089.653 212.119 1.9874<br />

"17" 2161.091 73.574 2159.407 70.084 3.8755<br />

"18" 2667.842 147.265 2669.069 152.878 5.7459<br />

"19" 1437.811 1134.521 1433.757 1135.036 4.0860<br />

"20" 844.246 1374.268 842.660 1376.699 2.9028<br />

"21" 2052.574 1158.243 2052.334 1160.467 2.2367<br />

"22" 1758.315 1616.540 1756.525 1619.498 3.4573<br />

Average RMS error : 3.999<br />

Total RMS error : 87.977<br />

End of GCP <strong>de</strong>tails<br />

Gabriel DOS SANTOS Rapport <strong>de</strong> stage – Avril / Juin 2001 76

<strong>Carte</strong> d’occupation <strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> <strong>sols</strong> <strong>dans</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>vallée</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Biriatou</strong><br />

Télédétection<br />

GCPs for dataset<br />

: E:\Scan_bir\0794.ers<br />

Total number of GCPs: 15<br />

Number turned on : 13<br />

Warp or<strong>de</strong>r : 0<br />

GCP CORRECTED map projection <strong>de</strong>tails:<br />

Map Projection : LM1FRE3D<br />

Datum : NTF<br />

Rotation : 0.000<br />

RMS error report:<br />

Warp Type - OrthoRectification<br />

Exterior Orientation Parameters:<br />

Angu<strong>la</strong>r units are in radians<br />

Attitu<strong>de</strong> omega -0.0115901223<br />

Attitu<strong>de</strong> phi 0.0081344323<br />

Attitu<strong>de</strong> kappa -0.0223846490<br />

Exposure Center X 273896.5716037<br />

Exposure Center Y 3124339.5489392<br />

Exposure Center Z 4136.9590059<br />

-----ACTUAL----- ---PREDICTED---<br />

Point Cell-X Cell-Y Cell-X Cell-Y RMS<br />

"1" 1404.120 654.016 1404.312 652.435 1.5920<br />

"2" 1099.767 311.808 1099.153 311.584 0.6532<br />

"3" 71.123 533.385 70.933 538.069 4.6884<br />

"4" 86.770 963.921 83.008 962.341 4.0798<br />

"5" 1727.653 167.959 1729.937 168.753 2.4181<br />

"6" 660.650 2584.615 661.966 2579.632 5.1544<br />

"7" 2178.883 2528.085 2181.905 2511.486 16.8720 OFF<br />

"8" 2495.603 1980.199 2495.635 1978.193 2.0057<br />

"9" 2750.492 1135.278 2752.431 1137.425 2.8934<br />

"10" 2662.669 2400.640 2665.164 2400.481 2.5005<br />

"11" 238.442 1846.950 235.640 1846.155 2.9120<br />

"12" 2469.861 156.098 2469.692 158.747 2.6546<br />

"13" 1216.107 1636.476 1216.310 1639.487 3.0175<br />

"14" 2125.256 1179.063 2124.297 1177.325 1.9847<br />

"15" 1718.636 1423.011 1093.708 835.915 857.4473 OFF<br />

Average RMS error : 2.812<br />

Total RMS error : 36.554<br />

Note: Total and average RMS errors do not inclu<strong>de</strong> OFF points<br />

End of GCP <strong>de</strong>tails<br />

Gabriel DOS SANTOS Rapport <strong>de</strong> stage – Avril / Juin 2001 77

<strong>Carte</strong> d’occupation <strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> <strong>sols</strong> <strong>dans</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>vallée</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Biriatou</strong><br />

Télédétection<br />

GCPs for dataset<br />

: E:\Scan_bir\0796.ers<br />

Total number of GCPs: 13<br />

Number turned on : 13<br />

Warp or<strong>de</strong>r : 0<br />

GCP CORRECTED map projection <strong>de</strong>tails:<br />

Map Projection : LM1FRE3D<br />

Datum : NTF<br />

Rotation : 0.000<br />

RMS error report:<br />

Warp Type - OrthoRectification<br />

Exterior Orientation Parameters:<br />

Angu<strong>la</strong>r units are in radians<br />

Attitu<strong>de</strong> omega -0.0071202265<br />

Attitu<strong>de</strong> phi 0.0083478814<br />

Attitu<strong>de</strong> kappa -0.0293268220<br />

Exposure Center X 269255.6987864<br />

Exposure Center Y 3124576.5182424<br />

Exposure Center Z 4139.7095837<br />

-----ACTUAL----- ---PREDICTED---<br />

Point Cell-X Cell-Y Cell-X Cell-Y RMS<br />

"1" 571.060 548.274 571.105 547.018 1.2577<br />

"2" 657.874 1030.798 657.179 1032.083 1.4606<br />

"3" 453.457 227.265 457.454 226.087 4.1668<br />

"4" 1235.287 1664.741 1234.112 1668.218 3.6701<br />

"5" 842.858 1522.155 841.670 1524.994 3.0776<br />

"6" 124.877 1076.224 126.917 1077.602 2.4617<br />

"7" 1712.890 2344.994 1711.333 2343.504 2.1542<br />

"8" 1356.549 139.063 1353.755 134.551 5.3065<br />

"9" 1528.032 938.937 1527.922 937.936 1.0068<br />

"10" 2403.741 1001.524 2406.960 998.545 4.3849<br />

"11" 2743.678 1838.369 2742.577 1838.106 1.1321<br />

"12" 2659.893 1217.044 2663.858 1215.880 4.1324<br />

"13" 2661.912 476.098 2657.337 480.986 6.6947<br />

Average RMS error : 3.147<br />

Total RMS error : 40.906<br />

End of GCP <strong>de</strong>tails<br />

Gabriel DOS SANTOS Rapport <strong>de</strong> stage – Avril / Juin 2001 78

<strong>Carte</strong> d’occupation <strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> <strong>sols</strong> <strong>dans</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>vallée</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Biriatou</strong><br />

Télédétection<br />

GCPs for dataset<br />

: E:\Scan_bir\1031.ers<br />

Total number of GCPs: 24<br />

Number turned on : 24<br />

Warp or<strong>de</strong>r : 0<br />

GCP CORRECTED map projection <strong>de</strong>tails:<br />

Map Projection : LM1FRE3D<br />

Datum : NTF<br />

Rotation : 0.000<br />

RMS error report:<br />

Warp Type - OrthoRectification<br />

Exterior Orientation Parameters:<br />

Angu<strong>la</strong>r units are in radians<br />

Attitu<strong>de</strong> omega -0.0045844225<br />

Attitu<strong>de</strong> phi 0.0122790966<br />

Attitu<strong>de</strong> kappa -0.0200287156<br />

Exposure Center X 278052.8509424<br />

Exposure Center Y 3128817.6285409<br />

Exposure Center Z 4166.4831306<br />

-----ACTUAL----- ---PREDICTED---<br />

Point Cell-X Cell-Y Cell-X Cell-Y RMS<br />

"1" 2117.180 57.675 2117.918 60.057 2.4933<br />

"2" 2497.874 1246.319 2491.942 1245.145 6.0467<br />

"3" 1615.098 396.603 1612.259 395.387 3.0883<br />

"4" 1179.009 697.423 1178.003 694.810 2.8000<br />

"5" 666.707 860.451 669.887 858.383 3.7940<br />

"6" 744.940 1151.177 746.635 1151.902 1.8431<br />

"7" 851.943 1264.741 848.784 1261.443 4.5673<br />

"8" 1932.574 749.915 1929.473 751.243 3.3741<br />

"9" 1629.735 1299.063 1630.816 1296.092 3.1622<br />

"10" 1346.076 1072.438 1348.541 1070.652 3.0445<br />

"11" 2703.300 1366.697 2700.910 1362.711 4.6481<br />

"12" 2644.751 588.905 2645.484 592.571 3.7383<br />

"13" 2616.486 135.656 2621.705 131.959 6.3962<br />

"14" 542.038 1724.552 542.690 1724.916 0.7472<br />

"15" 501.155 2115.719 503.683 2120.384 5.3064<br />

"16" 520.839 1584.237 521.310 1584.159 0.4771<br />

"17" 634.909 2720.388 639.125 2717.711 4.9942<br />

"18" 1519.703 2654.773 1518.439 2662.349 7.6810<br />

"19" 2396.927 2641.145 2395.669 2644.463 3.5484<br />

"20" 2566.517 1836.603 2561.950 1837.297 4.6200<br />

"21" 1600.461 1731.114 1603.097 1729.777 2.9561<br />

"22" 95.350 2117.738 93.278 2118.733 2.2983<br />

"23" 91.312 1482.281 93.234 1483.272 2.1625<br />

"24" 253.836 2612.880 254.014 2613.143 0.3173<br />

Average RMS error : 3.504<br />

Total RMS error : 84.105<br />

End of GCP <strong>de</strong>tails<br />

Gabriel DOS SANTOS Rapport <strong>de</strong> stage – Avril / Juin 2001 79

<strong>Carte</strong> d’occupation <strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> <strong>sols</strong> <strong>dans</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>vallée</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Biriatou</strong><br />

Télédétection<br />

GCPs for dataset<br />

: E:\Scan_bir\1033.ers<br />

Total number of GCPs: 19<br />

Number turned on : 19<br />

Warp or<strong>de</strong>r : 0<br />

GCP CORRECTED map projection <strong>de</strong>tails:<br />

Map Projection : LM1FRE3D<br />

Datum : NTF<br />

Rotation : 0.000<br />

RMS error report:<br />

Warp Type - OrthoRectification<br />

Exterior Orientation Parameters:<br />

Angu<strong>la</strong>r units are in radians<br />

Attitu<strong>de</strong> omega 0.0102350719<br />

Attitu<strong>de</strong> phi 0.0132085729<br />

Attitu<strong>de</strong> kappa -0.0083206297<br />

Exposure Center X 273992.6071703<br />

Exposure Center Y 3129073.8538137<br />

Exposure Center Z 4169.2578520<br />

-----ACTUAL----- ---PREDICTED---<br />

Point Cell-X Cell-Y Cell-X Cell-Y RMS<br />

"1" 291.943 1714.205 289.650 1713.287 2.4702<br />

"2" 80.965 2632.817 81.629 2634.634 1.9346<br />

"3" 861.281 1517.864 865.808 1516.820 4.6458<br />

"4" 1379.136 1297.801 1379.400 1298.594 0.8360<br />

"5" 579.136 2716.603 581.120 2712.917 4.1859<br />

"6" 701.912 1955.088 702.699 1955.332 0.8245<br />

"20" 2625.192 875.719 2623.995 873.931 2.1521<br />

"8" 1825.823 2315.341 1827.224 2311.253 4.3206<br />

"9" 1140.400 2616.666 1139.331 2616.578 1.0729<br />

"10" 2546.580 2570.230 2543.722 2572.778 3.8286<br />

"11" 1927.779 2670.672 1927.721 2673.550 2.8785<br />

"7" 122.858 2119.000 120.928 2119.546 2.0059<br />

"13" 1619.893 2612.123 1619.981 2611.903 0.2370<br />

"14" 1863.678 1879.252 1862.165 1877.293 2.4757<br />

"15" 2663.678 2097.297 2662.674 2100.309 3.1759<br />

"16" 2682.858 1710.167 2683.797 1709.786 1.0133<br />

"17" 2430.492 1694.521 2434.063 1693.807 3.6415<br />

"18" 2533.457 1192.312 2530.711 1190.993 3.0472<br />

"19" 1017.748 2000.893 1018.243 2005.184 4.3200<br />

Average RMS error : 2.582<br />

Total RMS error : 49.066<br />

End of GCP <strong>de</strong>tails<br />

Gabriel DOS SANTOS Rapport <strong>de</strong> stage – Avril / Juin 2001 80

<strong>Carte</strong> d’occupation <strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> <strong>sols</strong> <strong>dans</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>vallée</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Biriatou</strong><br />

Télédétection<br />

GCPs for dataset<br />

: E:\Scan_bir\1035.ers<br />

Total number of GCPs: 10<br />

Number turned on : 10<br />

Warp or<strong>de</strong>r : 1<br />

GCP CORRECTED map projection <strong>de</strong>tails:<br />

Map Projection : LM1FRE3D<br />

Datum : NTF<br />

Rotation : 0.000<br />

RMS error report:<br />

Warp Type - OrthoRectification<br />

Exterior Orientation Parameters:<br />

Angu<strong>la</strong>r units are in radians<br />

Attitu<strong>de</strong> omega -0.0127941709<br />

Attitu<strong>de</strong> phi 0.0092035340<br />

Attitu<strong>de</strong> kappa -0.0011763391<br />

Exposure Center X 269905.9684557<br />

Exposure Center Y 3129246.4709579<br />

Exposure Center Z 4180.2972761<br />

-----ACTUAL----- ---PREDICTED---<br />

Point Cell-X Cell-Y Cell-X Cell-Y RMS<br />

"1" 221.533 2184.615 220.984 2184.731 0.5613<br />

"2" 978.631 1884.804 979.072 1886.092 1.3611<br />

"3" 389.104 2656.539 389.935 2657.629 1.3702<br />

"4" 949.356 2132.628 950.941 2132.483 1.5908<br />

"5" 626.328 2098.811 623.220 2098.426 3.1313<br />

"6" 427.968 2179.063 428.562 2180.678 1.7206<br />

"7" 721.722 2668.148 719.593 2667.522 2.2193<br />

"8" 683.363 2282.028 682.667 2279.040 3.0680<br />

"9" 507.211 2383.984 509.874 2382.826 2.9035<br />

"10" 913.268 2602.785 913.633 2603.992 1.2599<br />

Average RMS error : 1.919<br />

Total RMS error : 19.186<br />

End of GCP <strong>de</strong>tails<br />

Gabriel DOS SANTOS Rapport <strong>de</strong> stage – Avril / Juin 2001 81

<strong>Carte</strong> d’occupation <strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> <strong>sols</strong> <strong>dans</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>vallée</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Biriatou</strong><br />

Télédétection<br />

Annexes II : matrices <strong>de</strong> confusion<br />

User's Accuracy Confusion matrix for:<br />

Reference Dataset - photo_0668_region.ers<br />

C<strong>la</strong>ssified Dataset - photo_0668_max_vrai_EN.ers<br />

Overall Accuracy: 98.684% from 39514 observations<br />

Kappa statistic: 0.982<br />

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />

C<strong>la</strong>ssified File\Reference File<br />

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />

solnu culture3 route bati culture1 culture2 foret prairie<br />

solnu 88.822% 0.000% 0.000% 11.178% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%<br />

culture3 0.000% 96.028% 0.000% 0.000% 3.868% 0.000% 0.000% 0.105%<br />

route 3.175% 0.000% 96.825% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%<br />

bati 4.800% 0.000% 0.000% 43.200% 0.000% 52.000% 0.000% 0.000%<br />

culture1 0.000% 0.130% 0.000% 0.000% 97.101% 0.000% 2.640% 0.130%<br />

culture2 0.078% 0.000% 0.000% 0.130% 0.000% 99.792% 0.000% 0.000%<br />

foret 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.287% 0.000% 99.713% 0.000%<br />

prairie 0.040% 0.332% 0.000% 0.010% 0.060% 0.000% 0.000% 99.557%<br />

User's Accuracy Confusion matrix for:<br />

Reference Dataset - photo_0670_region.ers<br />

C<strong>la</strong>ssified Dataset - photo_0670_max_vrai_EN.ers<br />

Overall Accuracy: 93.562% from 46906 observations<br />

Kappa statistic: 0.904<br />

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />

C<strong>la</strong>ssified File\Reference File<br />

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />

prairie2 bati culture3 foret prairie culture2 solnu<br />

prairie2 79.800% 0.000% 0.000% 0.348% 19.852% 0.000% 0.000%<br />

bati 0.000% 71.429% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 6.250% 22.321%<br />

culture3 1.707% 0.000% 76.714% 0.000% 21.103% 0.448% 0.028%<br />

foret 0.044% 0.000% 0.000% 99.935% 0.022% 0.000% 0.000%<br />

prairie 0.847% 0.000% 2.301% 0.000% 96.852% 0.000% 0.000%<br />

culture2 0.000% 0.078% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 99.688% 0.234%<br />

solnu 0.000% 1.089% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 98.911%<br />

Gabriel DOS SANTOS Rapport <strong>de</strong> stage – Avril / Juin 2001 82

<strong>Carte</strong> d’occupation <strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> <strong>sols</strong> <strong>dans</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>vallée</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Biriatou</strong><br />

Télédétection<br />

User's Accuracy Confusion matrix for:<br />

Reference Dataset - photo_0672_region.ers<br />

C<strong>la</strong>ssified Dataset - photo_0672_max_vrai_EN.ers<br />

Overall Accuracy: 88.818% from 71341 observations<br />

Kappa statistic: 0.852<br />

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />

C<strong>la</strong>ssified File\Reference File<br />

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />

foret2 bati eauriv foret prairie culture3 culture2 culture1 solnu eau<strong>la</strong>c<br />

foret2 91.474% 0.000% 0.179% 7.493% 0.386% 0.000% 0.000% 0.248% 0.000% 0.220%<br />

bati 0.000% 78.244% 0.000% 10.687% 1.145% 1.527% 5.344% 0.000% 3.053% 0.000%<br />

eauriv 8.684% 0.000% 13.273% 23.438% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 54.605%<br />

foret 0.487% 0.000% 0.037% 98.637% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.839%<br />

prairie 0.225% 0.000% 0.000% 0.059% 99.570% 0.000% 0.000% 0.147% 0.000% 0.000%<br />

culture3 0.044% 0.305% 0.000% 0.000% 5.401% 94.251% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%<br />

culture2 0.000% 0.308% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 99.692% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%<br />

culture1 1.089% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.055% 0.000% 0.000% 98.856% 0.000% 0.000%<br />

solnu 0.000% 49.008% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 50.992% 0.000%<br />

eau<strong>la</strong>c 4.235% 0.000% 5.357% 6.463% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 83.944%<br />

User's Accuracy Confusion matrix for:<br />

Reference Dataset - photo_0792_region.ers<br />

C<strong>la</strong>ssified Dataset - photo_0792_max_vrai_EN.ers<br />

Overall Accuracy: 90.322% from 35608 observations<br />

Kappa statistic: 0.874<br />

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C<strong>la</strong>ssified File\Reference File<br />

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eau bati route culture1 culture3 culture2 foret solnu prairie<br />

eau 35.249% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 62.735% 0.000% 2.016%<br />

bati 0.000% 76.724% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 10.345% 0.000% 12.931% 0.000%<br />

route 0.000% 0.000% 100.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%<br />

culture1 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 99.228% 0.000% 0.000% 0.772% 0.000% 0.000%<br />

culture3 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 100.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%<br />

culture2 0.000% 0.060% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 99.940% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%<br />

foret 1.234% 0.000% 0.000% 0.111% 0.000% 0.000% 94.184% 0.000% 4.471%<br />

solnu 0.000% 1.101% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 98.899% 0.000%<br />

prairie 0.071% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 3.235% 0.000% 96.694%<br />

Gabriel DOS SANTOS Rapport <strong>de</strong> stage – Avril / Juin 2001 83

<strong>Carte</strong> d’occupation <strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> <strong>sols</strong> <strong>dans</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>vallée</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Biriatou</strong><br />

Télédétection<br />

User's Accuracy Confusion matrix for:<br />

Reference Dataset - photo_0794_region_2.ers<br />

C<strong>la</strong>ssified Dataset - photo_0794_max_vrai_EN_2.ers<br />

Overall Accuracy: 99.099% from 41161 observations<br />

Kappa statistic: 0.989<br />

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />

C<strong>la</strong>ssified File\Reference File<br />

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />

culture3 culture1 culture2 prairie route bati foret<br />

culture3 99.893% 0.000% 0.107% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%<br />

culture1 0.000% 95.910% 0.000% 4.090% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%<br />

culture2 0.066% 0.000% 98.866% 0.000% 0.000% 1.068% 0.000%<br />

prairie 0.000% 0.101% 0.000% 99.891% 0.000% 0.000% 0.008%<br />

route 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 100.000% 0.000% 0.000%<br />

bati 0.000% 0.000% 2.497% 0.000% 0.000% 97.503% 0.000%<br />

foret 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.016% 0.000% 0.000% 99.984%<br />

User's Accuracy Confusion matrix for:<br />

Reference Dataset - photo_0796_region.ers<br />

C<strong>la</strong>ssified Dataset - photo_0796_max_vrai_EN.ers<br />

Overall Accuracy: 61.179% from 439326 observations<br />

Kappa statistic: 0.555<br />

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C<strong>la</strong>ssified File\Reference File<br />

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />

solnu foret2 eau bati2 culture3 culture1 foret route bati bati3 culture2 prairie2 prairie<br />

----- ------ --- ----- -------- -------- ----- ----- ---- ----- -------- -------- -------<br />

solnu 21.118% 0.000% 26.294% 0.518% 0.000% 0.052% 0.000% 26.656% 0.983% 22.308% 0.776% 0.000% 1.294%<br />

foret2 0.000% 15.711% 56.008% 0.000% 0.000% 0.366% 15.311% 0.000% 0.000% 0.001% 0.000% 1.506% 11.097%<br />

eau 0.016% 3.676% 75.046% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 19.872% 0.510% 0.000% 0.102% 0.000% 0.043% 0.734%<br />

bati 21.231% 0.000% 0.042% 59.950% 0.104% 0.083% 0.000% 0.501% 0.021% 32.854% 5.173% 0.000% 0.042%<br />

culture3 0.033% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 87.854% 1.179% 0.000% 0.000% 0.011% 0.000% 10.445% 0.201% 0.277%<br />

culture1 0.008% 0.307% 0.003% 0.000% 0.214% 58.911% 1.212% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 37.112% 2.233%<br />

foret 0.007% 2.659% 36.850% 0.000% 0.000% 0.006% 56.154% 0.002% 0.000% 0.035% 0.000% 0.086% 4.200%<br />

route 1.077% 0.139% 9.437% 0.063% 0.009% 0.171% 0.992% 83.128% 0.004% 1.162% 0.085% 0.233% 3.500%<br />

bati 0.000% 0.000% 0.489% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.163% 98.154% 0.869% 0.271% 0.000% 0.054%<br />

bati3 14.337% 0.000% 0.532% 2.575% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 3.553% 0.010% 78.993% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%<br />

culture2 0.035% 0.000% 0.000% 0.106% 5.759% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.030% 0.035% 94.025% 0.000% 0.010%<br />

prairie2 0.016% 1.823% 0.000% 0.000% 0.057% 15.756% 6.895% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 42.302% 33.151%<br />

rairie 0.013% 0.902% 2.603% 0.000% 0.000% 0.237% 5.018% 0.002% 0.000% 0.001% 0.000% 7.050% 84.173%<br />

Gabriel DOS SANTOS Rapport <strong>de</strong> stage – Avril / Juin 2001 84

<strong>Carte</strong> d’occupation <strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> <strong>sols</strong> <strong>dans</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>vallée</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Biriatou</strong><br />

Télédétection<br />

User's Accuracy Confusion matrix for:<br />

Reference Dataset - photo_1031_region_3.ers<br />

C<strong>la</strong>ssified Dataset - photo_1031_max_vrai_3.ers<br />

Overall Accuracy: 91.184% from 571623 observations<br />

Kappa statistic: 0.865<br />

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C<strong>la</strong>ssified File\Reference File<br />

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foret2 route2 culture2 bati solnu culture3 eau3 eau2 eau route culture1 foret<br />

foret2 98.381% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 1.619%<br />

route2 1.685% 57.580% 0.000% 0.000% 0.613% 1.991% 0.153% 8.116% 6.279% 10.873% 0.000% 12.711%<br />

culture2 0.000% 0.000% 100.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%<br />

bati 0.000% 0.304% 0.000% 95.925% 3.589% 0.000% 0.000% 0.122% 0.000% 0.061% 0.000% 0.000%<br />

solnu 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 1.442% 98.558% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%<br />

culture3 0.010% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 67.341% 0.705% 0.321% 0.000% 0.000% 28.346% 3.276%<br />

eau3 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.625% 44.809% 51.589% 0.000% 0.000% 0.275% 2.703%<br />

eau2 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.004% 0.588% 90.791% 7.301% 0.000% 0.087% 1.229%<br />

eau 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.851% 99.057% 0.000% 0.000% 0.092%<br />

route 0.000% 1.257% 0.045% 0.000% 0.000% 0.359% 0.000% 24.877% 1.751% 71.217% 0.135% 0.359%<br />

culture1 0.007% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 12.562% 4.980% 9.036% 0.022% 0.000% 33.295% 40.099%<br />

foret 0.033% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.558% 4.185% 0.317% 0.000% 3.390% 91.516%<br />

User's Accuracy Confusion matrix for:<br />

Reference Dataset - photo_1033_region.ers<br />

C<strong>la</strong>ssified Dataset - photo_1033_max_vrai.ers<br />

Overall Accuracy: 99.340% from 500054 observations<br />

Kappa statistic: 0.971<br />

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C<strong>la</strong>ssified File\Reference File<br />

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culture3 culture2 culture1 bati foret route solnu eau2 eau1<br />

culture3 99.270% 0.000% 0.704% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.026% 0.000% 0.000%<br />

culture2 0.015% 99.704% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.030% 0.252% 0.000% 0.000%<br />

culture1 5.426% 0.000% 89.933% 0.000% 4.631% 0.000% 0.000% 0.010% 0.000%<br />

bati 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 92.576% 0.000% 0.089% 7.335% 0.000% 0.000%<br />

foret 0.000% 0.000% 0.826% 0.000% 98.897% 0.000% 0.000% 0.194% 0.084%<br />

route 0.538% 0.202% 0.403% 0.000% 0.874% 64.247% 8.468% 0.000% 25.269%<br />

solnu 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.293% 0.000% 0.000% 99.707% 0.000% 0.000%<br />

eau2 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 3.836% 0.000% 0.000% 68.620% 27.543%<br />

eau1 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.004% 99.996%<br />

Gabriel DOS SANTOS Rapport <strong>de</strong> stage – Avril / Juin 2001 85

<strong>Carte</strong> d’occupation <strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> <strong>sols</strong> <strong>dans</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>vallée</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Biriatou</strong><br />

Télédétection<br />

User's Accuracy Confusion matrix for:<br />

Reference Dataset - photo_1035_region.ers<br />

C<strong>la</strong>ssified Dataset - photo_1035_max_vrai_EN.ers<br />

Overall Accuracy: 99.920% from 154924 observations<br />

Kappa statistic: 0.998<br />

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />

C<strong>la</strong>ssified File\Reference File<br />

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />

culture3 culture2 bati route foret solnu eau<br />

culture3 99.823% 0.177% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%<br />

culture2 0.000% 99.931% 0.069% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%<br />

bati 0.000% 1.181% 98.819% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%<br />

route 0.718% 10.048% 0.000% 75.120% 0.718% 0.000% 13.397%<br />

foret 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 99.972% 0.000% 0.028%<br />

solnu 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 100.000% 0.000%<br />

eau 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 100.000%<br />

Gabriel DOS SANTOS Rapport <strong>de</strong> stage – Avril / Juin 2001 86

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