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Summary<br />

Impact of environmental factors<br />

on the phenological vine<br />

<strong>de</strong>velopment in the geneva<br />

canton<br />

terroir studies are common<br />

nowadays but few have used<br />

precise pedoclimatic measures<br />

for evaluating precocity<br />

potential. this work aimed (i)<br />

to assess the effect of terroir<br />

main parameters (soil, climate<br />

and topography) influencing<br />

phenological vine <strong>de</strong>velopment<br />

and (ii) to evaluate the accuracy<br />

of a geostatistic approach<br />

using a high number of existing<br />

plots (higher variability) to<br />

analyze the terroir parameters’<br />

impact. results showed that<br />

the plots had different<br />

<strong>de</strong>velopment timing for<br />

budbreak and during growing<br />

season. Both periods were not<br />

influenced by the same<br />

pedoclimatic parameters. this<br />

emphasizes that the influence<br />

of these parameters can vary<br />

during the growing season.<br />

Some parameters <strong>de</strong>rived from<br />

a digital e<strong>le</strong>vation mo<strong>de</strong>, like<br />

mo<strong>de</strong>lized incoming radiations,<br />

seem promising for estimating<br />

the precocity potential of the<br />

different zones. Finally, the<br />

results showed that the<br />

observation of numerous<br />

vineyards of the practice is<br />

convenient to <strong>de</strong>fine terroir<br />

main factors, <strong>de</strong>spite natural<br />

variability or human influence.<br />

Key words: phenology,<br />

mesoclimate, PCA, precocity<br />

potential, gIS, terroir.<br />

Zusammenfassung<br />

Facteurs environnementaux et phénologie <strong>de</strong> la vigne dans <strong>le</strong> canton <strong>de</strong> Genève | Viticulture<br />

Analyse <strong>de</strong>r umweltfaktoren,<br />

welche die Phänologie <strong>de</strong>r rebe<br />

im Kanton genf beeinflussen<br />

Zahlreiche terroirstudien<br />

wur<strong>de</strong>n bis heute durchgeführt<br />

aber nur wenige beschreiben<br />

ausführlich die loka<strong>le</strong>n bo<strong>de</strong>nkundlichen<br />

und klimatischen<br />

Bedingungen, welche das Frühreifepotenzial<br />

<strong>de</strong>r rebe beeinflussen.<br />

Zie<strong>le</strong> dieser Arbeit<br />

waren (i) die Beschreibung <strong>de</strong>r<br />

Parameter, die ein terroir<br />

charakterisieren (Bo<strong>de</strong>n, Klima<br />

und topografie), die Phänologie<br />

<strong>de</strong>r Pflanzen beeinflussen und<br />

(ii) die untersuchung ob die<br />

Beobachtungen einer grossen<br />

Anzahl von Parzel<strong>le</strong>n eine<br />

umfassen<strong>de</strong> Beschreibung, trotz<br />

grosser Variabilität, ermöglicht.<br />

die ergebnisse zeigen, dass die<br />

49 untersuchten gamaret<br />

Parzel<strong>le</strong>n sich bezüglich <strong>de</strong>s<br />

Austriebverhaltens und <strong>de</strong>s<br />

Wachstums während <strong>de</strong>r Vege tationsperio<strong>de</strong><br />

voneinan<strong>de</strong>r unterschei<strong>de</strong>n.<br />

<strong>de</strong>r einfluss <strong>de</strong>r topografischen<br />

und bo<strong>de</strong>nkund lichen<br />

Faktoren, war während <strong>de</strong>r zwei<br />

messperio<strong>de</strong>n unter schiedlich<br />

und varierte auch im laufe <strong>de</strong>r<br />

Wachstumsperio<strong>de</strong>. Von numerischen<br />

mo<strong>de</strong>l<strong>le</strong>n abge<strong>le</strong>itete<br />

Bo<strong>de</strong>nparameter, wie die potenziel<strong>le</strong><br />

Strahlung, scheinen für die<br />

einschätzung <strong>de</strong>r Frühreife einer<br />

Parzel<strong>le</strong> viel versprechend zu sein.<br />

die Beo bachtung einer grossen<br />

Anzahl von Praxisparzel<strong>le</strong>n<br />

scheint für die einschätzung<br />

<strong>de</strong>s Frühreife potentials, trotz<br />

unvermeid barer Variabilität,<br />

ein taugliches mittel zu sein.<br />

riassunto<br />

Analisi <strong>de</strong>i fattori ambientali che<br />

influenzano la fenologia <strong>de</strong>lla<br />

vite nel cantone di ginevra<br />

numerosi studi sul terroir sono<br />

stati condotti finora, ma pochi<br />

<strong>de</strong>scrivono accuratamente <strong>le</strong><br />

condizioni pedologiche e<br />

climatiche locali che possono<br />

influenzare la precocità <strong>de</strong>lla<br />

vite. gli obiettivi di questo<br />

studio consistono (i) nel<br />

<strong>de</strong>scrivere i principali parametri<br />

<strong>de</strong>l terroir (suolo, clima e<br />

topografia) che influenzano lo<br />

sviluppo fenologico <strong>de</strong>lla vite, e<br />

(ii) nel valutare se l’osservazione<br />

di un gran numero di<br />

appezzamenti è adatta per la<br />

caratterizzazione <strong>de</strong>l terroir,<br />

nonostante una variabilità<br />

consi<strong>de</strong>revo<strong>le</strong>. I risultati<br />

mostrano che i 49 appezzamenti<br />

di gamaret studiati si<br />

differenziano per quanto<br />

riguarda la data di germogliamento<br />

e la durata <strong>de</strong>l<strong>le</strong> fasi<br />

di crescita vegetativa. I fattori<br />

topografici e pedologici che<br />

influenzano questi due periodi<br />

non sono i<strong>de</strong>ntici e variano<br />

durante la stagione. Alcuni<br />

parametri <strong>de</strong>rivati da mo<strong>de</strong>lli<br />

numerici utilizzati in campo,<br />

come la radiazione potenzia<strong>le</strong>,<br />

sembrano promettenti per<br />

valutare il potenzia<strong>le</strong> di<br />

precocità di un appezzamento.<br />

Infine, l’osserva zione di un gran<br />

numero di appezzamenti è<br />

adatta per la caratterizzazione<br />

<strong>de</strong>l potenzia<strong>le</strong> di precocità,<br />

nonostante un’e<strong>le</strong>vata<br />

variabilità natura<strong>le</strong> o indotta<br />

dall’uomo.<br />

<strong>Revue</strong> <strong>suisse</strong> Viticulture, Arboriculture, Horticulture | Vol 42 (5) : 288–295, 2010 295

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