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Summary<br />
Impact of environmental factors<br />
on the phenological vine<br />
<strong>de</strong>velopment in the geneva<br />
canton<br />
terroir studies are common<br />
nowadays but few have used<br />
precise pedoclimatic measures<br />
for evaluating precocity<br />
potential. this work aimed (i)<br />
to assess the effect of terroir<br />
main parameters (soil, climate<br />
and topography) influencing<br />
phenological vine <strong>de</strong>velopment<br />
and (ii) to evaluate the accuracy<br />
of a geostatistic approach<br />
using a high number of existing<br />
plots (higher variability) to<br />
analyze the terroir parameters’<br />
impact. results showed that<br />
the plots had different<br />
<strong>de</strong>velopment timing for<br />
budbreak and during growing<br />
season. Both periods were not<br />
influenced by the same<br />
pedoclimatic parameters. this<br />
emphasizes that the influence<br />
of these parameters can vary<br />
during the growing season.<br />
Some parameters <strong>de</strong>rived from<br />
a digital e<strong>le</strong>vation mo<strong>de</strong>, like<br />
mo<strong>de</strong>lized incoming radiations,<br />
seem promising for estimating<br />
the precocity potential of the<br />
different zones. Finally, the<br />
results showed that the<br />
observation of numerous<br />
vineyards of the practice is<br />
convenient to <strong>de</strong>fine terroir<br />
main factors, <strong>de</strong>spite natural<br />
variability or human influence.<br />
Key words: phenology,<br />
mesoclimate, PCA, precocity<br />
potential, gIS, terroir.<br />
Zusammenfassung<br />
Facteurs environnementaux et phénologie <strong>de</strong> la vigne dans <strong>le</strong> canton <strong>de</strong> Genève | Viticulture<br />
Analyse <strong>de</strong>r umweltfaktoren,<br />
welche die Phänologie <strong>de</strong>r rebe<br />
im Kanton genf beeinflussen<br />
Zahlreiche terroirstudien<br />
wur<strong>de</strong>n bis heute durchgeführt<br />
aber nur wenige beschreiben<br />
ausführlich die loka<strong>le</strong>n bo<strong>de</strong>nkundlichen<br />
und klimatischen<br />
Bedingungen, welche das Frühreifepotenzial<br />
<strong>de</strong>r rebe beeinflussen.<br />
Zie<strong>le</strong> dieser Arbeit<br />
waren (i) die Beschreibung <strong>de</strong>r<br />
Parameter, die ein terroir<br />
charakterisieren (Bo<strong>de</strong>n, Klima<br />
und topografie), die Phänologie<br />
<strong>de</strong>r Pflanzen beeinflussen und<br />
(ii) die untersuchung ob die<br />
Beobachtungen einer grossen<br />
Anzahl von Parzel<strong>le</strong>n eine<br />
umfassen<strong>de</strong> Beschreibung, trotz<br />
grosser Variabilität, ermöglicht.<br />
die ergebnisse zeigen, dass die<br />
49 untersuchten gamaret<br />
Parzel<strong>le</strong>n sich bezüglich <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Austriebverhaltens und <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Wachstums während <strong>de</strong>r Vege tationsperio<strong>de</strong><br />
voneinan<strong>de</strong>r unterschei<strong>de</strong>n.<br />
<strong>de</strong>r einfluss <strong>de</strong>r topografischen<br />
und bo<strong>de</strong>nkund lichen<br />
Faktoren, war während <strong>de</strong>r zwei<br />
messperio<strong>de</strong>n unter schiedlich<br />
und varierte auch im laufe <strong>de</strong>r<br />
Wachstumsperio<strong>de</strong>. Von numerischen<br />
mo<strong>de</strong>l<strong>le</strong>n abge<strong>le</strong>itete<br />
Bo<strong>de</strong>nparameter, wie die potenziel<strong>le</strong><br />
Strahlung, scheinen für die<br />
einschätzung <strong>de</strong>r Frühreife einer<br />
Parzel<strong>le</strong> viel versprechend zu sein.<br />
die Beo bachtung einer grossen<br />
Anzahl von Praxisparzel<strong>le</strong>n<br />
scheint für die einschätzung<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Frühreife potentials, trotz<br />
unvermeid barer Variabilität,<br />
ein taugliches mittel zu sein.<br />
riassunto<br />
Analisi <strong>de</strong>i fattori ambientali che<br />
influenzano la fenologia <strong>de</strong>lla<br />
vite nel cantone di ginevra<br />
numerosi studi sul terroir sono<br />
stati condotti finora, ma pochi<br />
<strong>de</strong>scrivono accuratamente <strong>le</strong><br />
condizioni pedologiche e<br />
climatiche locali che possono<br />
influenzare la precocità <strong>de</strong>lla<br />
vite. gli obiettivi di questo<br />
studio consistono (i) nel<br />
<strong>de</strong>scrivere i principali parametri<br />
<strong>de</strong>l terroir (suolo, clima e<br />
topografia) che influenzano lo<br />
sviluppo fenologico <strong>de</strong>lla vite, e<br />
(ii) nel valutare se l’osservazione<br />
di un gran numero di<br />
appezzamenti è adatta per la<br />
caratterizzazione <strong>de</strong>l terroir,<br />
nonostante una variabilità<br />
consi<strong>de</strong>revo<strong>le</strong>. I risultati<br />
mostrano che i 49 appezzamenti<br />
di gamaret studiati si<br />
differenziano per quanto<br />
riguarda la data di germogliamento<br />
e la durata <strong>de</strong>l<strong>le</strong> fasi<br />
di crescita vegetativa. I fattori<br />
topografici e pedologici che<br />
influenzano questi due periodi<br />
non sono i<strong>de</strong>ntici e variano<br />
durante la stagione. Alcuni<br />
parametri <strong>de</strong>rivati da mo<strong>de</strong>lli<br />
numerici utilizzati in campo,<br />
come la radiazione potenzia<strong>le</strong>,<br />
sembrano promettenti per<br />
valutare il potenzia<strong>le</strong> di<br />
precocità di un appezzamento.<br />
Infine, l’osserva zione di un gran<br />
numero di appezzamenti è<br />
adatta per la caratterizzazione<br />
<strong>de</strong>l potenzia<strong>le</strong> di precocità,<br />
nonostante un’e<strong>le</strong>vata<br />
variabilità natura<strong>le</strong> o indotta<br />
dall’uomo.<br />
<strong>Revue</strong> <strong>suisse</strong> Viticulture, Arboriculture, Horticulture | Vol 42 (5) : 288–295, 2010 295