Protection <strong>de</strong>s végétaux | Hya<strong>le</strong>sthes obso<strong>le</strong>tus, vecteur du bois noir <strong>de</strong> la vigne : ses plantes hôtes en Suisse Summary 312 Hya<strong>le</strong>sthes obso<strong>le</strong>tus, the vector of bois noir: host plants in Switzerland Hya<strong>le</strong>sthes obso<strong>le</strong>tus Signoret (Hemiptera, Cixiidae) is the principal vector of bois noir in Switzerland, a grapevine yellows disease sharing i<strong>de</strong>ntical symptoms with flavescence dorée. The nymphs of this polyphage insect <strong>de</strong>velop mainly on the roots of viticultural weeds rather than grapevine, an ina<strong>de</strong>quate food source for the vector. Aiming to better un<strong>de</strong>rstand the epi<strong>de</strong>miology of bois noir in Swiss vineyards, we studied the host plant preferences of H. obso<strong>le</strong>tus. Our captures on different viticultural weeds indicate that the vector is mainly found on stinging nett<strong>le</strong>s (Urtica dioica) in Switzerland, with the exception of the Valais. A survey to i<strong>de</strong>ntify the origin of emergence also showed that H. obso<strong>le</strong>tus nymphs prefer to <strong>de</strong>velop on stinging nett<strong>le</strong>s. This plant thus plays a central ro<strong>le</strong> in the epi<strong>de</strong>miology of bois noir in Swiss vineyards, a fortiori, because infected vines are frequently located close to stinging nett<strong>le</strong> patches. Key words: <strong>viticulture</strong>, Vitis vinifera, phytoplasma, stolbur, plant-vector associations. Zusammenfassung Hya<strong>le</strong>sthes obso<strong>le</strong>tus <strong>de</strong>r Vektor <strong>de</strong>r Schwarzholzkrank heit: Wirtspflanzen in <strong>de</strong>r Schweiz Hya<strong>le</strong>sthes obso<strong>le</strong>tus Signoret (Hemiptera, Cixiidae) ist <strong>de</strong>r wichtigste Überträger von Schwarzholz in <strong>de</strong>r Schweiz. Diese Vergilbungskrankheit <strong>de</strong>r Rebe ruft die selben Befallssymptome hervor wie die Goldgelbe Vergilbung. Die Nymphen dieses polyphagen Insektes entwickeln sich auf <strong>de</strong>n Wurzeln <strong>de</strong>r Rebbergbeg<strong>le</strong>itflora. Die Rebe stellt hingegen keine adäquate Nahrungsgrundlage dar. Um die Epi<strong>de</strong>miologie <strong>de</strong>r Schwarzholzkrankheit in <strong>de</strong>n Schweizer Rebbergen besser zu verstehen, wur<strong>de</strong> die Wirtspflanzen präferenz von H. obso<strong>le</strong>tus untersucht. Die Untersuchung möglicher Wirtspflanzen hat gezeigt, dass ein<strong>de</strong>utig am meisten Vektoren auf <strong>de</strong>r Brennnessel (Urtica dioica) gefangen wer<strong>de</strong>n; dies sowohl Nördlich <strong>de</strong>r Alpen (Ausnahme Wallis) als auch im Tessin. Zu<strong>de</strong>m entwickeln sich H. obso<strong>le</strong>tus Nymphen bevorzugt auf Brennnesseln. Diese Pflanze spielt daher eine zentra<strong>le</strong> Rol<strong>le</strong> in <strong>de</strong>r Epi<strong>de</strong>miologie <strong>de</strong>r Schwarzholzkrankheit in <strong>de</strong>n Schweizer Rebbergen, zumal man erkrankte Rebstöcke häufig auch nahe von Brennnesseln fin<strong>de</strong>t. <strong>Revue</strong> <strong>suisse</strong> Viticulture, Arboriculture, Horticulture | Vol 42 (5) : 306–312, 2010 Riassunto Hya<strong>le</strong>sthes obso<strong>le</strong>tus, vettore <strong>de</strong>l <strong>le</strong>gno nero: <strong>le</strong> piante ospiti in Svizzera In Svizzera Hya<strong>le</strong>sthes obso<strong>le</strong>tus Signoret (Hemiptera, Cixiidae) è il principa<strong>le</strong> vettore <strong>de</strong>l <strong>le</strong>gno nero, un giallume <strong>de</strong>lla vigna i cui sintomi sono simili a quelli <strong>de</strong>lla flavescenza dorata. Le ninfe di questo insetto polifago si sviluppano abitualmente sul<strong>le</strong> radici <strong>de</strong>l<strong>le</strong> avventizie <strong>de</strong>i vigneti, poiché la vigna non costituisce una risorsa nutritizia a<strong>de</strong>guata per il vettore. Al fine di compren<strong>de</strong>re meglio l’epi<strong>de</strong>miologia <strong>de</strong>l <strong>le</strong>gno nero nei vigneti svizzeri <strong>le</strong> preferenze concernenti <strong>le</strong> piante ospiti <strong>de</strong>l <strong>le</strong>gno nero sono state studiate. Gli intrappolamenti realizzati su diverse avventizie <strong>de</strong>i vigneti indicano che al nord <strong>de</strong>l<strong>le</strong> Alpi, all’eccezione <strong>de</strong>l Val<strong>le</strong>se, e in Ticino, <strong>le</strong> popolazioni <strong>de</strong>l vettore si concentrano essenzialmente sull’ortica dioica. Questa pianta erbacea gioca dunque un ruolo importante nell’epi<strong>de</strong>miologia <strong>de</strong>l <strong>le</strong>gno nero nei vigneti svizzeri, tanto più che i ceppi infettati sembrano concentrati là dove crescono importanti colonie di ortiche dioiche.
Plants <strong>de</strong> vignes Pour une <strong>viticulture</strong> mo<strong>de</strong>rne couronnée <strong>de</strong> succès Pépinières Vitico<strong>le</strong>s Andreas Meier & Co. 5303 Würenlingen | T 056 297 10 00 office@rebschu<strong>le</strong>-meier.ch | www.vignes.ch Publicité 313
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