ena da saxelmwifo
ena da saxelmwifo
ena da saxelmwifo
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mitropoliti anania jafariZe<br />
<strong>ena</strong> <strong>ena</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>saxelmwifo</strong><br />
<strong>saxelmwifo</strong><br />
(saqarTveloSi rusuli kulturis qarTuli kulturiT ga<strong>da</strong>farvis aucileblobis Sesaxeb)<br />
ufalma RmerTma ineba kacobrioba aeSenebina erebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>saxelmwifo</strong>ebis saxiT,<br />
istoriulad civilizebuli de<strong>da</strong>miwa mu<strong>da</strong>m <strong>saxelmwifo</strong>ebad iyo <strong>da</strong>yofili, <strong>saxelmwifo</strong>ebs<br />
erebi qmnidnen <strong>da</strong>, rogorc iTqva, kacobriobis mTeli istoria erebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>saxelmwifo</strong>ebis<br />
istoriaa, romelsac maTi urTierTobani qmnis. aqe<strong>da</strong>nac Cans, rom erebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>saxelmwifo</strong>ebi<br />
RvTis nebiTaa Seqmnili. qarTveli eris upirvelesi misia amJamad aris ganamtkicos<br />
Tavisi <strong>saxelmwifo</strong>, risTvisac saWiroa, rom igi Camoyalibdes viTarca Tanamedrove eri.<br />
man un<strong>da</strong> SeZlos msoflio Tanamegobrobis mier aRiarebuli saqarTvelos sazRvrebs<br />
SigniT mcxovrebi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva eTnikuri warmoSobisa <strong>da</strong> konfesiis mosaxleobis<br />
saqarTvelos moqalaqeebad, anu erad Camoyalibeba. Tanamedrove erad Camoyalibebis Semdeg<br />
ki, roca is ukve miiRebs Tavis saxes, ufali RmerTi mas, iseve rogorc sxva erebs,<br />
gamoiyenebs msoflios civilizaciis mSeneblobis diad saqmeSi. iqamde ki, rogorc iTqva,<br />
Tanamedrove erad, Camoyalibeba un<strong>da</strong> iyos sayovelTao sazrunavi. ismis kiTxva, arsebobs<br />
Tu ara saSualebani amisa? diax, Tanamedrove msoflios <strong>saxelmwifo</strong>Ta gamocdilebis<br />
msgavsad ori umTavresi moTxovnilebis Sesrulebaa saWiro. esenia:<br />
1) qarTveli xalxis Si<strong>da</strong> konsoli<strong>da</strong>ciis <strong>da</strong>Cqareba,<br />
2) saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva eTnikuri jgufebis integracia erTian<br />
<strong>saxelmwifo</strong>Si.<br />
Cvens mezobel TurqeTSi XX saukunis <strong>da</strong>sawyisSi TurqTa erovnuli konsoli<strong>da</strong>ciis<br />
<strong>da</strong>saCqareblad iRwvo<strong>da</strong> Turq inteligentTa sazogadoeba. maT <strong>da</strong>amkvidres Turqul<br />
sazogadoebaSi Tanamedrove eris cneba. male es sazogadoeba ga<strong>da</strong>iqca TurqeTis mmarTvel<br />
partiad, romlis wesdebis Tanaxmad garkveuli gansxvavebaa im erebs Soris, romelnic<br />
warsulSi arsebobdnen <strong>da</strong> Tanamedrove erebs Soris.<br />
Tanamedrove erebis Camoyalibebis procesi iwyeba qveynis feo<strong>da</strong>luri <strong>da</strong>nawevrebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>Zlevis, erTiani centralizebuli, nacionaluri <strong>saxelmwifo</strong>s CamoyalibebiT, erTiani<br />
saerTo Si<strong>da</strong>ekonomikuri bazris SeqmniTa <strong>da</strong> Si<strong>da</strong>eTnikuri sazRvris moSliT. yovelive<br />
es eTnojgufebsa <strong>da</strong> erovnebebs erTian erad hkravs (o. gigineiSvili, „nacionalizmis<br />
qemalisturi debuleba", krebulSi „maxlobeli aRmosavleTis qveynebis axali <strong>da</strong> uaxlesi<br />
istoria", Tb. 1983. gv.145-146). o. gigineiSvili aRniSnavs: "TurqeTSi nacionalizmis debuleba<br />
gulisxmobs erovnuli <strong>saxelmwifo</strong>s Seqmnas, romlis safuZveli iqneba Turqi eri, swored<br />
am principiT "erTi eri - erTi <strong>saxelmwifo</strong>" iqmnebodnen Tanamedrove safrangeTi, germania,<br />
italia, holandia, espaneTi <strong>da</strong> sxva. es ar un<strong>da</strong> gavigoT ise, rom evropis <strong>saxelmwifo</strong>ebi,<br />
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78<br />
romlebsac erovnul <strong>saxelmwifo</strong>ebs uwodeben, marTlac erTerovanni arian" (iqve, gv. 146).<br />
evropis <strong>saxelmwifo</strong>ebis mowyobis sistemis Sesabamisad TurqeTSi reformebis<br />
gatarebam safuZveli Seuqmna TurqeTis <strong>saxelmwifo</strong>s <strong>da</strong>arsebas <strong>da</strong> Turqi xalxis<br />
<strong>saxelmwifo</strong>ebriv konsoli<strong>da</strong>cias. msgavsadve mox<strong>da</strong> XIX saukunis bolosa <strong>da</strong> XX saukunis<br />
<strong>da</strong>sawyisSi <strong>saxelmwifo</strong>ebrivi konsoli<strong>da</strong>cia bulgarelebisa, ruminelebisa, berZnebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> sxva xalxebisa.<br />
am kuTxiT Tu Sevxe<strong>da</strong>vT, samwuxarod saqarTvelo (albaT jerjerobiT) ufro<br />
emsgavseba konglomerats konfesiurad, kulturulad, lingvisturad <strong>da</strong> rac mTavaria,<br />
eTnikurad erTmaneTisagan <strong>da</strong>Sorebuli mosaxleobisa. ai, swored am xalxebis ga<strong>da</strong>qcevaa<br />
saWiro Tanamedrove erTian erad, iseve rogorc es moaxerxes Cvenma mezobelma<br />
<strong>saxelmwifo</strong>ebma.<br />
saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva xalxebis integracia ar gulisxmobs imas, rom<br />
vTqvaT, magaliTad, azerbaijanelebi qarTvel eTnikur jgufad ga<strong>da</strong>iqcevian, aramed imas,<br />
rom isini SeinarCuneben Si<strong>da</strong> eTnikur TavisTavadobas, magram saqarTvelos Tanamedrove<br />
eris nawilad iqcevian qarTuli enis codniT, saqarTvelos sakuTar <strong>saxelmwifo</strong>d<br />
aRiarebiT, misi kulturis matareblobiT, mis srulfasovan moqalaqeebad ga<strong>da</strong>qceviT.<br />
ra uSlis xels saqarTvelos xalxebis integracias? - erTiani kulturis ararseboba.<br />
kultura xalxTa gamaerTianebeli udidesi Zalaa, safuZvelia erTobisa. <strong>saxelmwifo</strong>ebriobasTan,<br />
saerTo moqalaqeobasa <strong>da</strong> samarTalTan erTad saerTo qarTulma kulturam<br />
un<strong>da</strong> Seqmnas samomavlod saqarTvelos eris iersaxe <strong>da</strong> misi mTlianobis niSnad iqces.<br />
saqarTvelos nacias un<strong>da</strong> hqondes kulturuli erTobis ganc<strong>da</strong>.<br />
Zvelad, XIX saukunemde, qarTuli kultura aerTianeb<strong>da</strong> saqarTveloSi mcxovreb<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva eTnikuri warmoSobis xalxebs. grigol robaqiZe Tavis "gvelis perangSi"<br />
aseT ambavs aRwers. sparseTSi - erT-erT baRCaSi qeifia, qarTvelebis sufrasTan axlos<br />
somxebs aqvT sufra gaSlili, somxebi qarTulad saubroben, adRegrZeleben Tamarsa <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>viT aRmaSenebels, amboben "Cveni Tamari", "Cveni mefe <strong>da</strong>viTi", saqarTvelos adideben. es<br />
ki iqve moqeife qarTvelebs ukvirT. n. maris sityviTac, XIX saukunemde, ruseTis mier<br />
saqarTvelos <strong>da</strong>pyrobamde, qarTuli <strong>ena</strong> iyo kavkasiis xalxebisaTvis erTaSorisi<br />
urTierTobis <strong>ena</strong>. qarTuli eniT esaubrebodnen erTmaneTs <strong>da</strong>Restneli didoelebi <strong>da</strong><br />
War-belaqneli (azerbaijaneli) lekebi, qarTuli <strong>ena</strong> icodnen CeCeni <strong>da</strong> adiReveli<br />
xalxebis didebulebma, saqarTveloSi mcxovrebma musulmanebis Sesabamisma fenebma.<br />
samwuxarod, rusTa 200-wliani batonobis Sedegad, qarTulma <strong>ena</strong>m <strong>da</strong> qarTulma<br />
kulturam saqarTveloSive <strong>da</strong>karga erTaSorisi urTierTobis funqcia.<br />
faqtiurad saqarTveloSi amJamad arsebobs ramdenime tolxarisxovani kultura.<br />
esaa qarTuli, rusuli, somxuri <strong>da</strong> sxva eTnosebis kulturebi. yvela isini, rusulis<br />
gar<strong>da</strong>, Tavis eTnojgufebSi arsebul Caketil sistemebs warmoadgenen. mxolod rusuli<br />
kultura aerTianebs saqarTveloSi arsebul sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kulturebs. maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, qarTuli<br />
kultura ki ar faravs sruliad saqarTvelos, aramed ucxo, sxva eris kultura, rogorc
iTqva, esaa rusuli kultura. Sesabamisad rusuli <strong>ena</strong> saqarTveloSi warmoadgens<br />
erTaSorisi urTierTobebis saSualebas. esaa erovnuli tragedia, romelic amJamad erTerTi<br />
udidesi Semaferxebeli mizezia saqarTvelos xalxebis integraciisa erTian er<strong>saxelmwifo</strong>d<br />
(samwuxarod am tragediis ganc<strong>da</strong> TiTqmis ara aqvs Cvens sazogadoebas).<br />
ai, rogor ga<strong>da</strong>Wres msgavsi viTareba Cvenma mezoblebma. qemal aTaTurqis <strong>da</strong><br />
reformatorebis mizani iyo moeSorebinaT osmaleTis imperiuli memkvidreoba, romelic<br />
xels uSli<strong>da</strong> TurqeTSi mcxovrebi tomebisa <strong>da</strong> xalxebis erTian erad konsoli<strong>da</strong>cias.<br />
amitomac maT Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad ara ekonomikasa <strong>da</strong> mrewvelobas miapyres yuradReba,<br />
aramed konsoli<strong>da</strong>ciis upirveles iaraRs - <strong>ena</strong>s, kulturas, nacionalizms. o. gigineiSvili<br />
wers - "osmaluri <strong>ena</strong>, yofili imperiis anu mmarTveli ze<strong>da</strong>fenis <strong>ena</strong>, gansxvavdebo<strong>da</strong><br />
erovnuli Turquli enisagan. amitomac reformatorebma yuradReba miapyres Turqul<br />
<strong>ena</strong>s, mis ganviTarebasa <strong>da</strong> <strong>saxelmwifo</strong>Si gavrcelebas, raTa Turqul <strong>ena</strong>s miniWebo<strong>da</strong><br />
prioriteti Zveli imperiis <strong>ena</strong>sTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT.<br />
reformatorTa mier osmaleTis imperia ganixilebo<strong>da</strong>, viTarca kosmopolituri<br />
(araerovnuli) <strong>saxelmwifo</strong>. axal TurqeTSi Turquli <strong>ena</strong> <strong>da</strong> kultura <strong>da</strong>upirispir<strong>da</strong><br />
Zvel imperiuls (osmalurs). erTmaneTs <strong>da</strong>upirispir<strong>da</strong> osmaluri <strong>da</strong> Turquli<br />
literatura, osmaluri <strong>da</strong> Turquli musika, osmaluri <strong>da</strong> Turquli morali. filosofia,<br />
ekonomikuri doqtrinebi, yvelaferi osmaluri gamocxad<strong>da</strong> kosmopoliturad, Turquli<br />
- erovnulad, nacionalurad. ase yalibdebo<strong>da</strong> Tan<strong>da</strong>TanobiT erovnulisa <strong>da</strong><br />
nacionaluris gageba" (o. gigineiSvili, <strong>da</strong>sax. naSr. gv.149).<br />
risTvis iyo es yvelaferi saWiro? Turqi naciis Camosayalibeblad, raTa is<br />
gamklavebo<strong>da</strong> msoflioSi mimdinare globalizaciis process. rogorc o. gigineiSvili<br />
wers "raTa TurqeTs saSualeba miscemo<strong>da</strong> gamklavebo<strong>da</strong> evropis moZalebas, romelic<br />
Tanamedrove civilizaciis meSveobiT gaZlier<strong>da</strong>, TurqeTis winaSe upiratesoba moipova<br />
<strong>da</strong> gadmovi<strong>da</strong> mis winaaRmdeg" (iqve, gv.148).<br />
ra SeiZleba viswavloT Cveni mezoblis magaliTiT? Cveni qveynis gasaZliereblad,<br />
Cveni <strong>saxelmwifo</strong>s <strong>da</strong>sayrdenis - qarTveli xalxis konsoli<strong>da</strong>ciis ufro maRal safexurze<br />
asayvanad saWiroa warsulis imperiuli memkvidreobis <strong>da</strong>Zleva anu saqarTveloSi<br />
rusuli kulturis, qarTuli kulturiT ga<strong>da</strong>farvaa aucilebeli!<br />
TurqeTSi, rogorc iTqva, kosmopoliturad, e.i. araerovnulad miiCneo<strong>da</strong> osmaleTis<br />
imperiis <strong>ena</strong>, kultura, wes-Cveulebebi, romelTac ebrZodnen imiT, rom <strong>da</strong>urideblad<br />
aZevebdnen sazogadoebrivi urTierTobebis sfero<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> maT nacvlad amkvidrebdnen<br />
erovnuls. CvenSi Zveli imperiis enis e.i. rusulis mimarT Sesabamisi midgomebi un<strong>da</strong><br />
SemuSavdes. zemoTmoyvanili devizis perifraza albaT aseTi un<strong>da</strong> iyos - "qarTul<br />
<strong>ena</strong>sa <strong>da</strong> kulturas saqarTveloSi prioriteti un<strong>da</strong> mieniWos rusulTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT",<br />
igulisxmeba mTeli saqarTvelos mocva qarTuli kulturiT, eniT, literaturiT, musikiT,<br />
moraliT, filosofiiT, ekonomikuri doqtrinebiT. yvelaferi rusuli un<strong>da</strong> gamocxaddes<br />
imperiul-kolonialur naSTad, romelic aferxebs saqarTvelos sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva xalxebis<br />
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80<br />
integracias. amiT araferi gansakuTrebuli ar moxdeba, radganac swored es gza aqvT<br />
arCeuli Cvens yvela mezobel ers. magaliTad, XIX saukunis <strong>da</strong>sawyisSi ruseTSi franguli<br />
enisa <strong>da</strong> kulturis momxmarebelma ze<strong>da</strong>fenebma napoleonis omebis Semdeg uaryves<br />
franguli viTarca <strong>da</strong>mpyroblis <strong>ena</strong> <strong>da</strong> kultura, romlis adgili nacionalurma<br />
(rusulma) <strong>da</strong>iWira.<br />
qarTuli enis gavrcelebas Zvel saqarTveloSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba<br />
eniWebo<strong>da</strong>. saqarTvelod is teritoria miiCneo<strong>da</strong>, sa<strong>da</strong>c qarTuli eniT adidebdnen<br />
ufals <strong>da</strong> qarTuli eniT loculobdnen. dRes msoflioSi msgavsi problemebis ga<strong>da</strong>Wra<br />
<strong>da</strong>kisrebuli aqvs masmedias, masobriv kulturas, televizias, ganaTlebis sistemebs.<br />
sayovelTao ganaTleba - skolebi saqarTveloSi un<strong>da</strong> iyos qarTulenovani, amis miRweva<br />
albaT jerjerobiT Znelia, magram teleprogramebi saqarTveloSi un<strong>da</strong> iyos mxolod<br />
<strong>da</strong> mxolod qarTulenovani. ar SeiZleba <strong>saxelmwifo</strong> <strong>da</strong> qveynis momcveli kerZo<br />
telearxebi ga<strong>da</strong>scemdnen rusulenovan filmebsa <strong>da</strong> programebs, es sxva qveynebSi<br />
warmoudgenelia. saqarTvelos samxreT regionebSi - esaa qvemo qarTli, samcxe-javaxeTi<br />
<strong>da</strong> sxva regionebSic televizia ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d rusulenovania, qarTuli <strong>ena</strong> gaZevebulia<br />
rusuli, somxuri <strong>da</strong> azerbaijanuli (Turquli) enebiT. TviT sazogadoebrivi arxic ki<br />
- rusulenovan filmebs aCvenebs arcTu iSviaTad, rogorc iTqva, es sxva qveynebSi -<br />
warmoudgenelia. sxva sferoSic TiTqmis aseTi viTarebaa, gaiareT rusTavelis prospeqtze<br />
<strong>da</strong> Tqven ixilavT gasayidi wignebis uwyvet Taroebs - magram ai, saocreba, esaa ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d<br />
rusulenovani wignebi, saqarTvelos arc erTi, arc <strong>saxelmwifo</strong>ebrivi <strong>da</strong> arc kulturuli<br />
fenebi amas arc ki ganicdian, imd<strong>ena</strong><strong>da</strong>a gamsWvaluli rusuli kulturiT saqarTvelos<br />
sazogadoebrivi sfero - rusuli enisa Tu wignebis es batonoba SeumCnevelic ki rCeba.<br />
amis Sedegia is, rom ara Tu araqarTuli eTnikuri warmomavlobis, aramed TviT qarTveli<br />
bavSvebic ki saqarTvelos televizii<strong>da</strong>n swavloben rusul <strong>ena</strong>s, iTaviseben rusul<br />
kulturas. amis Sedegad qarTvelebisaTvis rusuli kultura TiTqmis mSobliurad iqca,<br />
rusuli enisa <strong>da</strong> kulturis aTvisebis gamo qarTvelebi ruseTs TiTqmis mSobliur<br />
qveynad miiCneven, midian iq sacxovreblad <strong>da</strong> samuSaod, advilad eguebian garemos.<br />
milioni qarTveli ruseTSi cxovrobs an ruseTzea saqmianobiT <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli, es iwvevs<br />
maT swraf asimilacia garusebas, meore mxriv, qarTvelis mier rusuli kulturis<br />
gaTavisebiT <strong>da</strong>zaraldeba saqarTvelos <strong>saxelmwifo</strong>. amis Sedegi iqneba saqarTvelos<br />
viTarca ar Semdgari kulturis <strong>saxelmwifo</strong>s <strong>da</strong>Sla-<strong>da</strong>nawileba, radganac ver gaavrcela<br />
Tavisi erovnuli kultura <strong>da</strong> axal epoqaSi, Tanamedrove viTarebaSi, ver <strong>da</strong>icva sulieri<br />
erovnuli Rirebulebebi.<br />
marTalia, XX saukuneSi ufalma aRudgina Tavisufleba saqarTvelos, magram<br />
qarTvelma xalxma Tavisi jvari ver miitana bolomde, ver Camoyalib<strong>da</strong> naciad <strong>da</strong> amiT<br />
ver gax<strong>da</strong> mkvidri amqveyniuri momavali didebisa. ufalma mogvca Cveni <strong>saxelmwifo</strong>,<br />
erovnuli eklesia, uZvelesi kultura, <strong>ena</strong>, Cven mxolod erTi movaleoba <strong>da</strong>gvakisra -<br />
maTi <strong>da</strong>cva, ganmtkiceba <strong>da</strong> ganvrcoba.
egionebSi qarTuli kulturis ganvrcoba <strong>da</strong> centralizebuli <strong>saxelmwifo</strong>s<br />
aRorZineba Cveni xalxis movaleobad <strong>da</strong> Rirsebis saqmed un<strong>da</strong> iqces uflis SemweobiT.<br />
aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>vaskvnaT:<br />
globalizaciis sayovelTao procesi safrTxes uqmnis erovnul identobas -<br />
kulturul <strong>da</strong> cnobier kavSirs istoriul fesvebTan. am procesis Sesaxvedrad TviT<br />
uZlieresi erebic ki emzadebodnen (centralizebuli nacionaluri <strong>saxelmwifo</strong>s <strong>da</strong>arsebiT,<br />
feo<strong>da</strong>luri <strong>da</strong>nawevrebis <strong>da</strong>ZleviT, saerTo Si<strong>da</strong>ekonomikuri bazris SeqmniT, erTiani<br />
kulturuli sivrcis CamoyalibebiT, Si<strong>da</strong>eTnikuri sazRvrebis moSliT).<br />
uZvelesi xani<strong>da</strong>n XIX saukunemde qarTuli <strong>ena</strong> <strong>da</strong> kultura aerTianeb<strong>da</strong><br />
saqarTveloSi mcxovreb sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva eTnikuri warmoSobis xalxebs. ruseTis 200 wliani<br />
(XIX-XX s.s.) batonobis Semdeg, saqarTveloSi erTaSorisi urTierTobis <strong>ena</strong> aris ara<br />
qarTuli, aramed rusuli. faqtobrivad rusuli kultura aerTianebs saqarTveloSi<br />
arsebul sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva eTnosebis kulturebs (igulisxmeba azerbaijanuli, somxuri, TviT<br />
qarTuli, osuri, afxazuri <strong>da</strong> sxva). rusuli enisa <strong>da</strong> kulturis mier qarTulis SezRudvam,<br />
am ukanasknels CamoarTva funqcia xalxTa gamaerTianeblisa, radganac kultura<br />
moqalaqeTa mTlianobis umTavresi niSani <strong>da</strong> erTobis safuZvelia. kulturuli erTobis<br />
ganc<strong>da</strong> saqarTvelos Svilebis (eris) mTlianobis niSani iyo Zvelad, rac dReisaTvis<br />
Canacvlebulia araerovnuliT (rusuliT), es erT-erTi mizezia saqarTvelos eTnosebis<br />
(xalxebis) Seferxebuli integraciisa.<br />
am viTarebis gamo aucileblad miviCnevT, rom samomavlod qarTul <strong>ena</strong>sa <strong>da</strong> kulturas<br />
saqarTveloSi mieniWos prioriteti rusulTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT. igulisxmeba saqarTvelos<br />
mocva qarTuli eniT, literaturiT, musikiT, filosofiiT, kulturiT, ekonomikuri<br />
doqtrinebiT. <strong>saxelmwifo</strong>m qveyanaSi un<strong>da</strong> gaataros Sesabamisi enobrivi politika, qarTuli<br />
enis <strong>saxelmwifo</strong>ebrioba realurad un<strong>da</strong> ganxorcieldes.<br />
aRniSnulis gansaxorcieleblad gansakuTrebuli yuradReba un<strong>da</strong> mieqces<br />
sainformacio saSualebebis (telexedvis, radiomauwyeblobisa <strong>da</strong> internetis)<br />
qarTulenovanebas. qarTulma telearxebma yvela ga<strong>da</strong>cema un<strong>da</strong> ganaxorcielon<br />
<strong>saxelmwifo</strong> eniT, iseve rogorc es sxva qveynebSia. qarTuli kulturisaTvis <strong>da</strong>mamcirebelia,<br />
rom saqarTvelos mxareebis udidesi nawili qvemo qarTli, samcxe-javaxeTi, CrdiloeTis<br />
mTianeTi, qveynis sxva olqebi warmoadgens rusul <strong>da</strong> ucxoenovan tele <strong>da</strong> radio<br />
sivrces <strong>da</strong> (ara qarTuls). TviT Tbilisis radio <strong>da</strong> telearxebis 30-40% rusulenovania,<br />
qarTveli bavSvebi televiziis saSualebiT swavloben rusul <strong>ena</strong>s, iTviseben rusul<br />
kulturas, amis Sedegia is, rom ruseTSi samuSaod gasuli aseulaTasobiT qarTvels<br />
ucxo garemosTan Segueba uadvildeba enis codnis gamo. amitomac xdeba ruseTSi maTi<br />
swrafi asimilacia, saqarTvelos soflebis mniSvnelovani nawilis <strong>da</strong>carieleba.<br />
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba un<strong>da</strong> mieqces tele <strong>da</strong> radio diqtorTa metyvelebas.<br />
maTi saubari gasagebi un<strong>da</strong> iyos ucxoeTSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebisaTvis. ara mxolod<br />
TurqeTisa <strong>da</strong> iranis mkvidr qarTvelebs, aramed TviT saqarTvelos msmenels uWirs<br />
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82<br />
tele <strong>da</strong> radio diqtorTa uzomod aCqarebuli <strong>da</strong> aqcentirebuli metyvelebis aRqma,<br />
miTumetes, maTi mosm<strong>ena</strong> uWirT saqarTveloSi mcxovreb im azerbaijanelebsa Tu somxebs,<br />
romelTac <strong>saxelmwifo</strong> enis aTviseba surT.<br />
saqarTvelo, viTarca mcirericxovani qveyana, rogorc aRiniSna, ufro metad<br />
un<strong>da</strong> Seemzados globalizaciis procesis Sesaxvedrad centralizebuli<br />
<strong>saxelmwifo</strong>s gaZlierebiT, Sesabamisad, teritoriul-administraciuli mowyobis<br />
mizniT, amJamad saqarTvelo ar un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>iyos kuTxuri niSniT Seqmnil regionalur<br />
mxareebad. aman SeiZleba samomavlod qveynis mTlianobas safrTxe Seuqmnas. SesaZloa,<br />
amgvarma <strong>da</strong>yofam xeli Seuwyos separatistuli tendenciebis Canergvasa <strong>da</strong><br />
ganviTarebas regionaluri xelisuflebis mxri<strong>da</strong>n (magaliTad ise, rogorc es mox<strong>da</strong><br />
e.w. "samxreT oseTis avtonomiur olqSi"), federaluri mowyoba SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>mRupveli<br />
aRmoCndes saqarTvelosaTvis. miT umetes saxifaToa am niSniT jaris (Tun<strong>da</strong>c<br />
sarezervosi) Camoyalibeba, aseve samxareo prokuraturebisa, Zalovani struqturebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> ganaTlebis sistemisa.<br />
ivane javaxiSvils garkveuli aqvs, rom saqarTvelos erTianobas mu<strong>da</strong>m emuqrebo<strong>da</strong><br />
Temobrioba, kuTxuroba, erTiani saqarTvelos <strong>da</strong>Sla-<strong>da</strong>nawevreba XV-XVI ss-Si am mizeziT<br />
mox<strong>da</strong> - "Temobriobam Tavisi gaitana <strong>da</strong> sruliad saqarTvelos mefe <strong>da</strong>marcx<strong>da</strong>" (iv.<br />
javaxiSvili, t. IV. naw. I. gv. 191).<br />
feo<strong>da</strong>lizmis droisaTvis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli "qarTveli eris wiaRSi arsebuli<br />
(tomobriv-geografiuli) Temobrivi Tavisebureba" aryev<strong>da</strong> saqarTvelos mTlianobas<br />
Sua saukuneebSi. feo<strong>da</strong>luri <strong>da</strong>nawevrebis etapi ukve ganvles globalizaciis momlodine<br />
sxva qveynebma (mag. TurqeTma, azerbaijanma, rumineTma <strong>da</strong> sxva) <strong>da</strong> Camoyalibdnen<br />
centralizebul <strong>saxelmwifo</strong>ebad.<br />
amJamad Suasaukuneobrivi samarTlebrivi modelis mixedviT saqarTvelos regionebad<br />
<strong>da</strong>qucmaceba aris eTnikuri <strong>saxelmwifo</strong>ebrivi <strong>da</strong>qucmacebis reanimacia. es Zlier SeuSlis<br />
xels qarTveli eris konsoli<strong>da</strong>ciasa <strong>da</strong> saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi eTnojgufebis<br />
integracias saqarTvelos moqalaqeebad, rac ase Zlier surT Cvens imperiul mezoblebs<br />
<strong>da</strong> aiZuleben saqarTvelos <strong>saxelmwifo</strong>s mesveurebs saqarTvelo federaciul<br />
<strong>saxelmwifo</strong>d Camoayalibon, Tumca qarTvel ers amis survili ar aqvs (amitomac wer<strong>da</strong><br />
Cveni poeti murman lebaniZe "qarTl-kaxeTad, imereTad, samegrelod, guriad, visac Cveni<br />
<strong>da</strong>yofa <strong>da</strong> gaTiSva swyuria an Wkviani mteri aris an ugnuri moyvare").<br />
globalizaciis procesis Rirseulad Sesaxvedrad qarTvelma erma un<strong>da</strong><br />
ganamtkicos Tavisi <strong>saxelmwifo</strong>, SeZlos saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva eTnikuri<br />
warmoSobisa <strong>da</strong> konfesiis mosaxleobis qveynis erTgul moqalaqeebad Camoyalibeba,<br />
risTvisac upirvelesi mniSvneloba un<strong>da</strong> mieniWos qarTuli enisa <strong>da</strong> kulturis<br />
gavrcobas.
SUMMARY<br />
Metropolitan Anania Japaridze<br />
THE LANGUAGE AND THE STATE<br />
In the present work it is justified that Georgia must accelerate the internal consoli<strong>da</strong>tion of the Georgian people and<br />
unite firmly the multiethnic and multiconfessional population in the Georgian state. At the beginning of the XX<br />
century, the consoli<strong>da</strong>tion helped the Turkish to create the necessary prerequisites for establishment of the Turkish<br />
state. The Bulgarians, the Romanians, the Greeks and other nations realized similar consoli<strong>da</strong>tion at the end of the<br />
XIX century and at the beginning of the XX century.<br />
The integration of the population of Georgia does not mean that, for example, the ethnic Azerbaijanians will become<br />
the ethnic Georgians. It is meant that the ethnic Azerbaijanians, living in Georgia, will keep their ethnic originality, but<br />
will speak fluently the Georgian language, will recognize Georgia as their native state and will become bearers of the<br />
Georgian culture and fully-fledged citizens of Georgia. What impedes the integration of peoples living in Georgia? –<br />
The absence of common culture, which is a great power uniting the peoples. Under Russia’s sway, which lasted for<br />
200 years, the Georgian language and culture lost their function of international communication inside Georgia and<br />
only the Russian language and culture were common for the people of different nations living in Georgia, which still<br />
impedes their integration in the uniform Georgian state.<br />
ÐÅÇÞÌÅ<br />
Ìèòðîïîëèò Àíàíèÿ Äæàïàðèäçå<br />
ßÇÛÊ È ÃÎÑÓÄÀÐÑÒÂÎ<br />
(Î íåîáõîäèìîñòè ïåðåêîâêè ðóññêîé êóëüòóðû ãðóçèíñêîé êóëüòóðîé)<br />
Ñ öåëüþ ñòàíîâëåíèÿ ñîâðåìåííîé ãðóçèíñêîé íàöèè, Ãðóçèÿ äîëæíà óñêîðèòü âíóòðåííóþ êîíñîëèäàöèþ<br />
ãðóçèíñêîãî íàðîäà è îáúåäèíèòü ðàçíî-ýòíè÷åñêîå è êîíôåñèîíàëüíîå íàñåëåíèå â åäèííîì ãðóçèíñêîì<br />
ãîñóäàðñòâå.<br />
 íà÷àëå ÕÕ âåêà, èç-çà óñêîðåíèÿ íàöèîíàëüíîé êîíñîëèäàöèè, Òóðöèÿ ïîñðåäñòâîì ñâîåé èíòåëèãåíöèåé ñîçäàëà<br />
è óçàêîíèëà ïîíÿòèå ñîâðåìåííîé íàöèè, ÷òî è ñîçäàëî ïðåäïîñûëêè ñîçäàíèÿ òóðåöêîãî ãîñóäàðñòâà. Àíàëîãè÷íàÿ<br />
êîíñîëèäàöèÿ Áîëãàð, Ðóìûí, Ãðåêîâ è äð. íàðîäîâ ïðîèçîøëî â êîíöå ÕIÕ è â íà÷àëå ÕÕ ââ.<br />
Èíòåãðàöèÿ ïðîæèâàþùèõ íà òåðèòîðèé Ãðóçèè íàðîäîâ íå ïîäðàçóìûâàåò, ÷òî ê ïðèìåðó àçåðáàéäæàíöû<br />
ñòàíóò ãðóçèíñêèì ýòíîñîì, à ïîäðàçóìûâàåòñÿ òî, ÷òî àçåðáàéäæàíöû ñîõðàíÿò âíóòðè-ýòíè÷åñêóþ<br />
ñàìîáûòíîñòü, íî ñòàíóò ñîâðåìåííîé ãðóçèíñêîé íàöèåé ïîñðåäñòâîì çíàíèÿ ãðóçèíñêîãî ÿçûêà, ïðèçíàíèåì<br />
Ãðóçèè êàê ñîáñòâåííîãî ãîñóäàðñòâà, íàñèòåëüñòâîì ãðóçèíñêîé êóëüòóðû, ñòàíîâëåíèåì ïîëíîöåííûìè<br />
ãðàæäàíàìè Ãðóçèè.<br />
×òî ìåøàåò èíòåãðàöèè íàðîäàì Ãðóçèè? – îòñóòñòâèå åäèííîé êóëüòóðû. Êóëüòóðà âåëèêàÿ ñèëà îáúåäèíÿþùàÿ<br />
íàðîäû è ôóíäàìåíò åäèíñòâà. Âìåñòå ãîñóäàðñòâåííîñòüþ, îáùèì ãðàæäàíñòâîì è ïðàâîì îáùåãðóçèíñêàÿ<br />
êóëüòóðà äîëæíà ñîçäàòü îáðàç ãðóçèíñêîé íàöèè è äîëæíà ñòàòü(êóëüòóðà) ïðèçíàêîì íàöèîíàëüíîãî åäèíñòâà.<br />
Èç-çà 200 ëåòíåãî ðîññèñêîãî ãîñïîäñòâà, ãðóçèíñêèé ÿçûê è êóëüòóðà ïîòåðÿëè ôóíêöèþ ìåæíàöèîíàëüíîãî<br />
ñðåäñòâà îáùåíèÿ âíóòðè Ãðóçèè è òîëüêî ðóññêàÿ êóëüòóðà îáúåäèíÿåò ðàçëè÷íûå êóëüòóðû âíóòðè Ãðóçèè,<br />
÷òî è ïðåðÿòñòâóåò èíòåãðàöèè íàðîäîâ Ãðóçèè â îäíî åäèííîå ãðóçèíñêîå ãîñóäàðñòâî.<br />
 Òóðöèè áûë çàìåíåí îòîìàíñêèé, èìïåðñêèé ÿçûê òóðåöêèì, êàê íàöèîíàëüíûì ÿçûêîì è ðåôîðìàòîðàìè âî<br />
ãëàâå Àòàòþðêîì, âñå îòîìàíñêîå áûëî îáúÿâëåííî èìïåðñêèì.<br />
×òî ìû ìîæåì âçÿòü èç îïûòà ñîñåäà? Âî èìÿ êîíñîëèäàöèè ãðóçèíñêîãî íàðîäà, íåîáõîäèìî ïåðåñèëèòü<br />
èìïåðñêîå íàñëåäñòâî, ò.å. ïåðåêðûòü ðóññêóþ êóëüòóðó ãðóçèíñêîé êóëüòóðîé.<br />
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