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<strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> <strong>arqona</strong><br />

<strong>saxelmZRvanelo</strong> parlamentarebisTvis

SeniSvna<br />

es <strong>saxelmZRvanelo</strong> momzad<strong>da</strong> saparlamentTaSoriso kavSiris<br />

demokratiisa <strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebaTa mudmivi komitetis<br />

biurosTan TanamSromlobiT.<br />

kvleva <strong>da</strong> analizi: qerol beCelori (Carol Batchelor) <strong>da</strong><br />

filip leklerki (Philippe Leclerc) (gluki)<br />

teqstis avtori: merilin eqironi (Marilyn Achiron)<br />

sare<strong>da</strong>qcio kolegia:<br />

gluki: erika feleri (Erika Feller),<br />

filip leklerki (Philippe Leclerc),<br />

xose riera (Jose Riera) <strong>da</strong> sara baSeti (Sara Baschetti)<br />

saparlamentTaSoriso kavSiri:<br />

anders b. jonsoni (Anders B. Johnsson) <strong>da</strong><br />

karin jebri (Kareen Jabre)<br />

originali versiis ena: inglisuri<br />

garekanis dizaini: Jak vandfliu (Jacques Wandfluh),<br />

Studio Infographie, Sveicaria<br />

<strong>da</strong>beWdilia saqarTveloSi<br />

2

winasityvaoba<br />

„yovel a<strong>da</strong>mians aqvs <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> ufleba. ar SeiZleba TviTneburad CamoerTvas<br />

vinmes <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> an <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Secvlis ufleba“. es lakonuri<br />

debulebebi 1948 wlis a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis me-15 muxli<strong>da</strong>n<br />

yovel pirs, mTel msoflioSi, saxelmwifosTan samarTlebrivi kavSiris<br />

uflebas aniWebs. <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> anu erovneba (es ori cneba am <strong>saxelmZRvanelo</strong>Si,<br />

iseve, rogorc saerTaSoriso samarTalSi, urTierTSenacvlebadi terminebia)<br />

pirs ara marto TviTidentificirebis saSualebas aZlevs, aramed aniWebs<br />

saxelmwifo <strong>da</strong>cvas <strong>da</strong> sxva mraval samoqalaqo Tu politikur uflebas; Sesabamisad,<br />

<strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> ganimarteba, rogorc „ufleba, gqondes uflebebi“.<br />

miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom arsebobs saerTaSoriso samarTlis norma, romelic<br />

Seexeba <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miRebas, <strong>da</strong>kargvas an masze uaris Tqmas, milionobiT<br />

a<strong>da</strong>miani msoflioSi kvlavac <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> gareSe rCeba. isini <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

armqone pirebi arian. <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> <strong>arqona</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva mizeziT SeiZleba iyos<br />

gamowveuli, maT Sorisaa kanonTa kolizia, teritoriis ga<strong>da</strong>cema, saojaxo<br />

samarTali, administraciuli praqtika, diskriminacia, <strong>da</strong>uregistrirebeli<br />

Sobadoba, denacionalizacia (anu saxelmwifos mier pirisTvis <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

CamorTmeva) <strong>da</strong> piris mier <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>ze (saxelmwifos <strong>da</strong>cvaze) uari.<br />

msoflioSi <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa didi nawili iZulebiTi ga<strong>da</strong>adgilebis<br />

msxverplia. is pirebi, vinc iZulebulni xdebian <strong>da</strong>tovon sakuTari<br />

saxlebi, <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> <strong>da</strong>kargvis riskis winaSe dgebian, gansakuTrebiT maSin,<br />

rodesac maT ga<strong>da</strong>adgilebas Tan axlavs, an Semdgom mohyveba, teritoriuli<br />

sazRvrebis ga<strong>da</strong>nawileba. Tavis mxriv, <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebi <strong>da</strong> is<br />

pirebi, romelTac CamoerTvaT <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>, aseve arian xSirad iZulebulni<br />

<strong>da</strong>tovon mudmivi sacxovrebeli adgili. swored ltolvilTa mdgomareobasTan<br />

am msgavsebam gamoiwvia gaeros generaluri asambleis mier gaeros ltolvilTa<br />

umaRlesi komisrisTvis (gluki) pasuxismgeblobis <strong>da</strong>kisreba <strong>da</strong> <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

arqonis prevenciasa <strong>da</strong> <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa raodenobis Semcirebaze<br />

zrunva.<br />

bolodroindeli monacemebis Tanaxmad, <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa ricxvi<br />

mTel msoflioSi 11 milions aRwevs. Tumca es mxolod varaudia. organizaciebisaTvis<br />

metismetad Zneli aRmoCn<strong>da</strong> <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa Sesaxeb<br />

sruli informaciis Segroveba, radgan <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis koncefcia<br />

qveynebs Soris jerac kamaTis sagnad rCeba; mTavrobebi xSirad Tavs ikaveben,<br />

gaavrcelon informacia <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqoneTa Sesaxeb; isic sagulisxmoa,<br />

rom <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis problema saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis dRis<br />

wesrigSi aqtualurad ar iTvleba.<br />

Tumca bolo wlebSi saerTaSoriso sazogadoebisTvis naTeli gax<strong>da</strong>, rom a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />

uflebebis <strong>da</strong>cva gvexmareba Tavi<strong>da</strong>n aviciloT masobrivi <strong>da</strong> iZulebiTi<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>adgilebebi. analogiurad, arsebuli principebis safuZvelze saerTa-<br />

Soriso xelSekrulebebSi SeiniSneba mzardi tendencia imis Segnebisa, rom<br />

saxelmwifoebi valdebulni arian ga<strong>da</strong>Wran <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis problema.<br />

mTavrobebma un<strong>da</strong> aRiaron, rogorc formalurad, aseve praqtikulad, rom<br />

maT ara aqvT ufleba moqalaqebrivi privilegiebi CamoarTvan an SeuzRudon<br />

im pirebs, romelTac SeuZliaT <strong>da</strong>a<strong>da</strong>sturon sakuTar qveyanasTan utyuari<br />

<strong>da</strong> efeqturi kavSiri.<br />

3

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa raodenobis Semcirebis an aRmofxvris sakiTxisadmi<br />

parlamentarTa <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebis gamoxatvis saukeTeso saSualebaa<br />

saerTaSoriso samarTlis Sesabamisi iseTi erovnuli kanonmdeblobis miReba,<br />

romelic iZleva garantias, rom arc erT pirs TviTneburad ar CamoerTmeva<br />

<strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>; rom pirebs mieniWebaT <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> im pirobebSic, rodesac<br />

sxva dros <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> gareSe <strong>da</strong>rCebodnen <strong>da</strong> rom isini, vinc kvlavac <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

armqoneni arian an momavalSi iqcevian aseTebad, uzrunvelyofilni<br />

iqnebian saTanado <strong>da</strong>cviT. parlamentarebs agreTve SeuZliaT Seasrulon<br />

mniSvnelovani saze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelo roli, raTa saxelmwifos politikam uneblieT<br />

an mizanmimarTulad ar warmoSvas <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebi; agreTve,<br />

mouwodon mTavrobebs <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa sakiTxebis ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetisken<br />

<strong>da</strong> aamaRlon TavianTi amomrCevlebis/sazogadoebis cnobiereba <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

uqonlobis problemebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT.<br />

winamdebare <strong>saxelmZRvanelo</strong> asaxavs am sakiTxTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebul problemebs,<br />

gvTavazobs mogvarebis SesaZlo variantebs <strong>da</strong> im nabijebs, romelnic parlamentis<br />

wevrebma SeiZleba ga<strong>da</strong>dgan <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa raodenobi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

gamomdinare. imedi gvaqvs, rom es <strong>saxelmZRvanelo</strong> <strong>da</strong>xmarebas gauwevs parlamentarebs,<br />

raTa ga<strong>da</strong>dgan saWiro nabijebi msoflioSi milionobiT kacis,<br />

qalisa <strong>da</strong> bavSvis cxovrebze uaryofiTi gavlenis mqone <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> arqonis<br />

fenomenis Semcirebisa <strong>da</strong> sabolood aRmofxvris saqmeSi.<br />

antonio guteriSi<br />

gaerTianebuli erebis<br />

ltolvilTa umaRlesi komisari<br />

anders b. jonsoni<br />

generaluri mdivani<br />

saparlamentTaSoriso kavSiri<br />

4

sarCevi<br />

SeniSvna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2<br />

winasityvaoba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3<br />

Sesavali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6<br />

Tavi 1: saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi baza <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uflebasa<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa ricxvis SemcirebasTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9<br />

Tavi 2: <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa identificireba <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>cva . . . . 19<br />

Tavi 3: <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> arqonis mizezebis aRmofxvra . . . . . . . . . . . . 30<br />

Tavi 4: glukis roli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47<br />

Tavi 5: rogor SeuZliaT parlamentarebs <strong>da</strong>xmareba . . . . . . . . . . . 53<br />

<strong>da</strong>narTi 1: <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa statusis Sesaxeb<br />

1954 wlis gaeros konvenciis wevri saxelmwifoebi . . . . 59<br />

<strong>da</strong>narTi 2: <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa ricxvis Semcirebis<br />

Sesaxeb 1961 wlis gaeros konvenciis wevri<br />

saxelmwifoebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61<br />

<strong>da</strong>narTi 3: SeerTebis samodelo dokumentebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62<br />

<strong>da</strong>narTi 4: glukis warmomadgenlobebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64<br />

mokled glukisa <strong>da</strong> saparlamentTaSoriso kavSiris Sesaxeb . . 73<br />

5

Sesavali<br />

Cven, moqalaqeebi, Cveulebriv vsargeblobT im ufleba_movaleobebiT, rasac<br />

<strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> gvaniWebs. umetes Cvengans SeuZlia bavSvi Seiyvanos skolaSi,<br />

avadmyofobis dros miiRos samedicino <strong>da</strong>xmareba, Seitanos ganacxadi <strong>da</strong>saqmebis<br />

Taobaze <strong>da</strong> airCios warmomadgeneli xelisuflebaSi. Cven vgrZnobT, rom<br />

gvaqvs Cveni adgili im qveyanaSi, romelSic vcxovrobT; Cven vgrZnobT, rom<br />

vekuTvniT raRac ufro dids, vidre Cvenive sakuTari Tavia.<br />

magram rogor cxovrobs is, visac ar gaaCnia <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>, anu <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

armqone piria? <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> gareSe pirs ara aqvs arCevnebSi monawileobis<br />

ufleba im qveyanaSi, romelSic is cxovrobs; ara aqvs samgzavro sabuTze<br />

ganacxadis Setanis an qorwinebis registraciis ufleba. zogierT SemTxvevaSi,<br />

piri, romelsac ar gaaCnia <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> <strong>da</strong> imyofeba Tavisi warmoSobis an yofili<br />

sacxovrebeli qveynis farglebs gareT, SesaZlebelia didi xniT <strong>da</strong>akavon,<br />

Tu qveyana mas ukan <strong>da</strong>brunebaze uars ganucxadebs. xSirad pirebs, romelTac<br />

ar SeuZliaT sakuTar qveyanasTan samarTlebrivi kavSiris <strong>da</strong>mtkiceba, uars<br />

eubnebian iseT fun<strong>da</strong>mentur uflebebze, rogoricaa ganaTlebis, samedicino<br />

<strong>da</strong>xmarebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>saqmebis ufleba.<br />

`mtkice uari im qveynisgan, sa<strong>da</strong>c vcxovrob; mtkice uari im qveynisgan, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />

<strong>da</strong>vibade; mtkice uari im qveynisgan, sai<strong>da</strong>nac Cemi mSoblebi arian; gamudmebiT<br />

mosmena „Sen Cven ar gvekuTvni!“ mgonia, rom arafers warmovadgen <strong>da</strong> saerTod<br />

ar vici, risTvis vcxovrob. roca <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone piri xar, yovelTvis<br />

sakuTari usargeblobis gancdiT xar garemoculi.“<br />

lara, yofili <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone piri<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis Sesaxeb 2003 wels glukis mier warmoebuli kvleva<br />

a<strong>da</strong>sturebs, rom msoflioSi ar arsebobs arc erTi regioni, romelic ar<br />

dgas im problemebis winaSe, romlebsac <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> <strong>arqona</strong>mde mivyavarT.<br />

msoflioSi <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa zusti ricxvi ucnobia, radgan<br />

saxelmwifoebs xSirad ar surT an ar SeuZliaT <strong>da</strong>zustebuli monacemebis mowodeba;<br />

mxolod ramdenimes gaaCnia <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa registraciis<br />

meqanizmi. saxelmwifoebs maT teritoriaze mcxovreb <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone<br />

pirTa raodenobis Sesaxeb informaciis mowodebis pir<strong>da</strong>piri valdebuleba<br />

ar akisriaT. glukis SefasebiT, msoflioSi milionobiT a<strong>da</strong>miani cxovrobs<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> gareSe.<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> <strong>arqona</strong>, romelic pirvelad me-20 saukunis pirvel naxevarSi<br />

cnes globalur problemad, SesaZloa warmoiSvas saxelmwifoebs Soris pirebis<br />

samarTlebriv identificirebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli <strong>da</strong>vis, saxelmwifoTa<br />

<strong>da</strong>Slis, sazogadoebis SigniT garkveul jgufTa xangrZlivi izolirebis an<br />

individebis Tu pirTa jgufebisTvis <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> CamorTmevis Sedegad.<br />

Cveulebriv, <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> <strong>arqona</strong> asocirdeba saerTaSoriso urTierTobebSi<br />

Zireuli cvlilebebis periodebTan. saerTaSoriso sazRvrebis xelaxali ga<strong>da</strong>nawileba,<br />

saxelmwifo liderebis mier politikuri sistemebiT manipulireba<br />

sa<strong>da</strong>vo politikuri miznebis misaRwevad <strong>da</strong>/an <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miniWebaze uari an<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> CamorTmeva rasobrivi, religiuri <strong>da</strong> eTnikuri umciresobebis<br />

6

gamoricxvis <strong>da</strong> izolirebis mizniT _ <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> arqonis mizezi aRmoCn<strong>da</strong><br />

msoflios yvela nawilSi. bolo 20 wlis manZilze SeiniSneba im pirTa ricxvis<br />

zr<strong>da</strong>, romelTac CamoerTvaT <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> an ver SeZles <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miReba.<br />

Tu aseTi mdgomareoba kvlav gagrZe ldeba, am mosaxleobaSi uuflebobis<br />

gancdis gaRrmaveba maT ga<strong>da</strong>adgilebas gamoiwvevs.<br />

„<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> warTmeva samyaros warTmevis tolfasia; es niSnavs junglebSi<br />

<strong>da</strong>brunebas gamoqvabulis binadris an veluris msgavsad... a<strong>da</strong>mians, romelsac<br />

araferi gaaCnia sakuTari vinaobis gar<strong>da</strong>, <strong>da</strong>karguli aqvs yvela is Tviseba,<br />

rac sxva a<strong>da</strong>mianebs miscems saSualebas, moepyran mas rogorc pirovnebas...<br />

maT SeiZleba ise icxovron <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>ixocon, rom aranairi kvali ar <strong>da</strong>tovon,<br />

wvlili ar Seitanon sazogadoebaSi.“<br />

hana arendti, totalitarizmis sawyisebi<br />

winamdebare <strong>saxelmZRvanelo</strong>s mizania, parlamentarebs miawodos detaluri<br />

informacia im saerTaSoriso principebis Sesaxeb, romlebic aregulireben<br />

<strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>sa <strong>da</strong> <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> <strong>arqona</strong>s. saerTaSoriso samarTali saxelmwifoebs<br />

aZlevs farTo uflebamosilebas, gansazRvron, Tu vin arian maTi<br />

moqalaqeebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>adginon pirobebi, ris safuZvelzec moxdeba <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

miReba, <strong>da</strong>kargva <strong>da</strong> SenarCuneba. me-20 saukuneSi a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebaTa principebis<br />

ganviTarebam SezRu<strong>da</strong> saxelmwifoebis es uflebamosileba im SemTxvevebSi,<br />

rodesac mosalodnelia <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa ricxvis gazr<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>/an<br />

Tu mis gamoyenebas diskriminaciuli xasiaTi aqvs.<br />

miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom saxelmwifoebi erTad cdiloben <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> <strong>arqona</strong>sTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli problemebis mogvarebas, mTel msoflioSi kvlavac<br />

milionobiT a<strong>da</strong>miani rCeba <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> gareSe. winamdebare <strong>saxelmZRvanelo</strong><br />

ixilavs moqalqeobis armqone pirTa ufleba_movaleobebs saerTaSoriso<br />

kanonmdeblobis kvalobaze; kerZod, <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa statusis<br />

Sesaxeb 1954 wlis konvenciis mixedviT. (glukis Zalisxmevis miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, 1954<br />

wlis konvenciis ratificireba moaxdina an mas SeuerT<strong>da</strong> mxolod 60 saxelmwifo;<br />

Se<strong>da</strong>rebisTvis, ltolvilTa statusis Sesaxeb 1951 wlis konvenciisa<br />

<strong>da</strong>/an 1967 wlis oqmis ratificireba moaxdina an SeuerT<strong>da</strong> 146 saxelmwifo)<br />

<strong>saxelmZRvanelo</strong> yuradRebas amaxvilebs aseve <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> arqonis gamomwvev<br />

mTavar mizezebze <strong>da</strong> msjelobs, Tu rogor un<strong>da</strong> uzrunvelyon mTavrobebma,<br />

rom erovnuli kanonmdeblobis ganxorcieleba ar iqces moqalqeobis uqonlobis<br />

mizezad.<br />

gluki aris gaeros saagento, romelsac <strong>da</strong>valebuli aqvs, xeli Seuwyos <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

armqone pirTa raodenobis Semcirebas <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>xmareba aRmouCinos<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> amrqone pirebs am statusis mopovebaSi. winamdebare saxelmZ-<br />

Rvanelo aRwers, Tu ras akeTebs gluki Tavis misiis ukeT Sesasruleblad.<br />

igi aseve gvTavazobs im praqtikul nabijebs, romlebic SeiZleba ga<strong>da</strong>dgan<br />

parlamentarebma <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqoneTa ricxvis Sesamcireblad; kerZod,<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb qveynis kanonmdeblobis ga<strong>da</strong>xedva <strong>da</strong> saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi<br />

masSi cvlilebebis Setana; mTavrobis winaSe Suamdgomloba moqalqeobis<br />

armqone pirTa Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebTan mierTebaze <strong>da</strong><br />

moqalqeobis <strong>arqona</strong>sTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli problemebis Sesaxeb sazogadoebis<br />

cnobierebis asamaRleblad saWiro qmedebebis ganxorcieleba.<br />

7

<strong>saxelmZRvanelo</strong> aseve gvTavazobs im pozitiur magaliTebsac, Tu <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

uqonlobis rogori rTuli SemTxvevebi mogvar<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>interesebul saxelmwifoTa<br />

politikuri nebis, samoqalaqo sazogadoebis Carevisa <strong>da</strong> saerTaSoriso<br />

sazogadoebis mier gaweuli <strong>da</strong>xmarebis Sedegad. amgvari „warmatebuli<br />

gamocdileba“ imis maCvenebelia, rom rodesac mTavrobebi, samoqalaqo <strong>da</strong><br />

saerTaSoriso sazogadoebebi TanamSromloben, <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebs<br />

realurad eZlevaT saSualeba, isargeblon „uflebebis qonis uflebiT.“<br />

8

Tavi 1<br />

saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi baza <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uflebasa<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa ricxvis SemcirebasTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT<br />

<strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> Zalian delikaturi sakiTxia, vinai<strong>da</strong>n igi gaxlavT qveynis suverenitetisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> TviTmyofadobis gamoxatuleba. gasakviri araa, rom <strong>da</strong>va<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Taobaze SesaZlebelia, <strong>da</strong> xSirad es asec xdeba, ga<strong>da</strong>izardos<br />

<strong>da</strong>Zabulobasa <strong>da</strong> konfliqtSi rogorc saxelmwifos SigniT, aseve _ qveyanaTa<br />

Soris. me-20 saukuneSi SeiniSnebo<strong>da</strong> rogorc <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis SemTxvevebis<br />

zr<strong>da</strong> msoflios masStabiT, aseve sazogadoebis mzardi <strong>da</strong>intereseba<br />

informaciiT a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebebis Sesaxeb. aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, saerTaSoriso<br />

samarTali <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb ori mimarTulebiT ganviTar<strong>da</strong>: <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

armqone pirTa <strong>da</strong>cva <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>xmareba <strong>da</strong> <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> arqonis SemTxvevaTa<br />

aRmofxvra an Semcireba.<br />

vin gansazRvravs, aris Tu ara piri ama Tu im qveynis moqalaqe?<br />

principSi, piris <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> sakiTxi calkeuli saxelmwifos iurisdiqciis<br />

farglebSi eqceva. Tumca saxelmwifos Si<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebi SesaZloa Seiz-<br />

Rudos sxva saxelmwifoebis mier ganxorcielebuli msgavsi qmedebebisa <strong>da</strong><br />

saerTaSoriso samarTlis mier.<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Taobaze tunisisa <strong>da</strong> marokos 1923 wlis brZanebebis Sesaxeb<br />

gamotanil sakonsultacio <strong>da</strong>skvnaSi saerTaSoriso marTlmsajulebis mudmivma<br />

sasamarTlom ganacxa<strong>da</strong>:<br />

`aris Tu ara konkretuli sakiTxi mxolod Si<strong>da</strong> iurisdiqciis ga<strong>da</strong>sawyveti,<br />

metismetad SefardebiTia; igi mTlianad efuZneba saerTaSoriso<br />

urTierTobebis ganviTarebas.“<br />

anu mudmivma sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom principSi <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>sTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli sa<strong>da</strong>vo sakiTxebi Si<strong>da</strong> iurisdiqciis sferoSi<br />

eqceva, saxelmwifoebma pativi un<strong>da</strong> scen TavianT valdebulebebs sxva saxelmwifoebis<br />

winaSe, rac regulirdeba saerTaSoriso samarTlis mier.<br />

amgvari midgoma kvlav <strong>da</strong>fiqsir<strong>da</strong> Svidi wlis Semdeg haagis konvenciaSi<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Taobaze kanonebs Soris zogierT sakiTxze konfliqtis Sesaxeb.<br />

ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, bevrma saxelmwofom gaakeTa komentari mudmivi sasamarTlos<br />

1923 wlis sakonsultacio <strong>da</strong>skvnasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, radgan is exebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

Sesaxeb haagis 1930 wlis konvenciis momzadebas. saxelmwifoebis<br />

umetesobam sakonsultacio <strong>da</strong>skvna aRiqva, rogorc konkretuli saxelmwifos<br />

<strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>sTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebis mis sazRvrebs gareT<br />

moqmedebis SezRudva, gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac aRiniSneba kolizia<br />

sxva saxelmwifoebis mier analogiur sakiTxze miRebul ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT.<br />

1930 wlis haagis konvencia, romelic Seiqmna erTa ligis asambleis mxar<strong>da</strong>WeriT,<br />

pirveli saerTaSoriso mcdeloba iyo imis uzrunvelsayofad, rom yvela<br />

9

pirs hqono<strong>da</strong> <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>. konvenciis pirvel muxlis Tanaxmad:<br />

„yoveli saxelmwifo sakuTari kanonis Tanaxmad TviTon gansazRvravs,<br />

vin aris misi moqalaqe. es kanoni aRiarebuli un<strong>da</strong> iyos sxva saxelmwifoebis<br />

mierac, vinai<strong>da</strong>n igi <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>sTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli sayovelTaod<br />

aRiarebuli saerTaSoriso konvenciebis, saerTaSoriso<br />

tradiciisa <strong>da</strong> samarTlis principebs Seesabameba“.<br />

sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, saxelmwifos mier ama Tu im piris <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

statusis ga<strong>da</strong>wyveta un<strong>da</strong> esa<strong>da</strong>gebodes saerTaSoriso kanonis Sesabamis<br />

<strong>da</strong>dgenilebebs. suverenuli saxelmwifos moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT, me-20<br />

saukuneSi es <strong>da</strong>dgenilebebi Tan<strong>da</strong>TanobiT ganviTar<strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebebTan<br />

mimarTebaSi.<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebebaTa 1948 wlis sayovelTao deklaraciis me-15 muxlSi<br />

naTqvamia:<br />

„yovel a<strong>da</strong>mians aqvs <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> ufleba. aravis SeiZleba TviTneburad<br />

CamoerTvas <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> an <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Secvlis ufleba“.<br />

aRniSnuli ufleba emyareba pirovnebasa <strong>da</strong> saxelmwifos Soris arsebul<br />

utyuar <strong>da</strong> efeqtur kavSirs. sul pirvelad <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> safuZvlad es kavSiri<br />

cnes 1955 wels saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos mier nottebomis saqmeze (Nottebohm<br />

Case) miRebul ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebaSi. aRniSnul saqmeze sasamarTlom ganacxa<strong>da</strong>:<br />

„saxelmwofoTa praqtikis, saarbitraJo <strong>da</strong> sasamarTlo ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> specialistTa mosazrebis Tanaxmad, <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> aris samarTlebrivi<br />

valdebuleba, romelsac safuZvlad udevs socialuri<br />

kuTvnilebis faqtori, utyuari kavSiris arseboba, interesebi <strong>da</strong><br />

grZnobebi, urTierTsanacvlo ufleba_movaleobebTan erTad.“<br />

utyuari <strong>da</strong> efeqturi kavSiri, romelic <strong>da</strong>sturdeba <strong>da</strong>badebiT, sacxovrebeli<br />

adgiliT <strong>da</strong>/an warmoSobiT, dReisaTvis asaxulia saxelmwifoTa umetesobis<br />

sakanonmdeblo debulebebSi <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb; iseve, rogorc am sakiTxTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebul bolodroindel saerTaSoriso dokumentebSi, rogoricaa 1997<br />

wlis evropis konvencia <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb.<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebaTa amerikaTaSorisi sasamarTlos azriT, <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> aris<br />

„politikuri <strong>da</strong> samarTlebrivi valdebuleba, romelic pirs mocemul<br />

saxelmwifosTan akavSirebs <strong>da</strong> avaldebulebs mis mimarT loialurobasa<br />

<strong>da</strong> erTgulebas, aniWebs mas saxelmwifosagan diplomatiur <strong>da</strong>cvas“<br />

(kastilo_petruCi <strong>da</strong> sxvebi perus winaaRmdeg, 1999 wlis maisis ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba,<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebaTa amerikaTaSorisi sasamarTlo (IACHR)<br />

[seria C] №52 1999).<br />

rogor aris <strong>da</strong>culi ltolvilTa <strong>da</strong> <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa<br />

uflebebi?<br />

miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebebis sayovelTao deklaraciis me-15<br />

muxli acxadebs, rom yovel pirs aqvs <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> ufleba, is ar miuTiTebs<br />

konkretuli qveynis moqalqeobaze, romlis miRebis uflebac pirs aqvs. imis<br />

<strong>da</strong>sa<strong>da</strong>stureblad,rom individebs CamorTmeuli ara aqvT <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>sTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli minimaluri uflebebi, saerTaSoriso sazogadoebam SeimuSava<br />

10

ori ZiriTadi xelSkruleba: 1951 wlis konvencia ltolvilTa statusis Sesaxeb<br />

<strong>da</strong> 1954 wlis konvencia <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa statusis Sesaxeb.<br />

arsebobs Tu ara raime kavSiri 1951 wlis ltolvilTa statusis<br />

Sesaxeb konvenciasa <strong>da</strong> <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> arqonis sakiTxebs Soris?<br />

meore msoflio omis Semdeg axladSeqmnili gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis<br />

wevri saxelmwifoebisTvis erT-erTi ga<strong>da</strong>udebeli sakiTxi iyo omis<br />

Sedegad milionobiT ltolvili <strong>da</strong> <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone piris problemebis<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>wyveta. gaeros ekonomikuri <strong>da</strong> sociluri sabWos (ECOSOC) mier miRebuli<br />

rezoluciiT 1949 wels Seiqmna specialuri komiteti, romelsac evalebo<strong>da</strong><br />

ltolvilTa <strong>da</strong> <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa statusis Sesaxeb konvenciis<br />

SemuSaveba <strong>da</strong> <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis aRmosafxvrelad wina<strong>da</strong>debebis<br />

ganxilva.<br />

sabolood komitetis wevrebma Seadgines konvenciis proeqti ltolvilTa<br />

statusis Sesaxeb <strong>da</strong> konvenciis oqmi, romelic exebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone<br />

pirebs. komitets safuZvlianad ar umsjelia <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis aRmofxvris<br />

Taobaze, radgan varaudobdnen, rom am sakiTxs axlad Camoyalibebuli<br />

saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi komisia (ILC) moagvareb<strong>da</strong>.<br />

istoriulad, rogorc ltolvilebi, aseve <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebi<br />

<strong>da</strong>cvasa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>xmarebas Rebulobdnen glukis winamorbedi ltolvilTa saer-<br />

TaSoriso organizaciebisgan. konvencia <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebis Sesaxeb<br />

miznad isaxav<strong>da</strong> maTsa <strong>da</strong> ltolvilTa Soris arsebuli kavSiris asaxvas, magram<br />

ltolvilTa ga<strong>da</strong>udebeli saWiroebebi <strong>da</strong> ltolvilTa saerTaSoriso organizaciis<br />

gar<strong>da</strong>uvali <strong>da</strong>Sla mianiSneb<strong>da</strong>, rom <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebis<br />

mdgomareobis detaluri analizisaTvis sakmarisi dro ar <strong>da</strong>rCebo<strong>da</strong> uflebamosil<br />

warmomadgenelTa 1951 wlis konferenciaze, sa<strong>da</strong>c orive sakiTxi un<strong>da</strong><br />

ganxiluliyo. marTlac, 1951 wlis konvencia ltolvilTa statusis Sesaxeb<br />

am konferenciaze miiRes, xolo <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> ar mqone pirTa Sesaxeb oqmis<br />

ganxilva momavlisTvis ga<strong>da</strong>ido.<br />

ltolvilTa statusis Sesaxeb 1951 wlis konvenciis Tanaxmad, <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

armqone ltolvili <strong>da</strong>culia am statusis mqone ltolvilis msgavsad. vinai<strong>da</strong>n<br />

mas rasis, religiis, erovnebis an garkveuli socialuri jgufisadmi kuTvnilebis<br />

safuZveleze mtkice uars eubnebian <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>ze, es imaze mianiSnebs,<br />

rom piri un<strong>da</strong> cnon ltolvilad.<br />

ras iTvaliswinebs 1954 wlis konvencia <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone<br />

pirTa statusis Sesaxeb?<br />

oqmi <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa statusis Sesaxeb, romelic Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad<br />

ltolvilTa statusis Sesaxeb 1951 wlis konvenciis <strong>da</strong>mateba iyo, 1954 wels<br />

konvenciad iqca. 1954 wlis konvencia pirveli saerTaSoriso dokumentia, romlis<br />

mizans warmoadgens <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa statusis regulireba, maTi<br />

mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba <strong>da</strong>, yovelgvari diskriminaciis gareSe, ZiriTadi<br />

uflebebiTa <strong>da</strong> TavisuflebiT sargeblobis uzrunvelyofa (1954 wlis konvenciis<br />

monawile saxelmwifoebis siis gasacnobad ixileT <strong>da</strong>narTi 1).<br />

am konvenciis debulebebi mravalmxriv hgavs ltolvilTa statusis Sesaxeb<br />

1951 wlis konvencias. konvenciasTan SeerTebiT ver ga<strong>da</strong>wydeba saxelwifos teritoriaze<br />

<strong>da</strong>badebuli an mudmivad mcxovrebi pirebisaTvis <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miniWebis<br />

11

saWiroebis sakiTxi. rogori SeuzRu<strong>da</strong>vic ar un<strong>da</strong> iyos <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone<br />

pirisTvis miniWebuli uflebebi, is moqalaqes mainc ver gauTanabrdeba.<br />

1954 wlis konvencia iZleva <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone piris mkacr samarTlebriv<br />

gansazRvrebas: „piri, romelic ar iTvleba arc erTi saxelmwifos moqalaqed<br />

am saxelmwifos moqmedi kanonmdeblobis Sesabamiad“ (rac cnobilia, rogorc<br />

de iure <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone piri).<br />

vin aris moqalaqe?<br />

vin aris <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone piri?<br />

moqmedi kanonis Tanaxmad, moqalaqed miiCneva piri, romelic avtomaturad<br />

iTvleba moqalaqed im pirobebis Tanaxmad, romelic mocemulia <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

Sesaxeb saxelmwifos mier miRebul samarTlebriv dokumentebSi an piri,<br />

romelsac mieniWa <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> Sesabamisi organoebis ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis<br />

safuZvelze. amgvar dokumentebad SeiZleba CaiTvalos konstitucia,<br />

prezidentis brZanebulebani an <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> <strong>da</strong>dgenis aqti. Cveulebriv,<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianebis umetesoba moqalaqed iTvleba mxolod erTi saxelmwifos kanonebis<br />

Tanaxmad an im saxelmwifos kanonebis Tanaxmad, sa<strong>da</strong>c is <strong>da</strong>iba<strong>da</strong> (jus soli), an im<br />

saxelmwifos kanonebis Tanaxmad, romlis moqalaqeebic iyvnen piris mSoblebi<br />

misi <strong>da</strong>badebisas (jus sanguinis).<br />

rodesac administraciuli procedura iTvaliswinebs <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miniWebis<br />

moTxovnis Tavisuflebas, <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miRebis msurvelebi ar CaiTvlebian<br />

moqalaqeebad, vidre ar <strong>da</strong>sruldeba maTi gancxadebebis ganxilva <strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>mtkiceba <strong>da</strong> kanonis Sesabamisad ar mieniWebaT saxelmwifos <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>.<br />

pirebi, romlebic apireben Seitanon <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>ze ganacxadi <strong>da</strong> isini,<br />

romlebmac gamoiyenes ufleba gaekeTebinaT aseTi ganacxadi, magram uari<br />

eTqvaT, aRniSnul saxelmwifoSi moqmedi kanonis Tanaxmad ver CaiTvlebian<br />

am saxelmwifos moqalaqeebad.<br />

pirebi, romelTac ama Tu im saxelmwifos moqmedi kanonebis safuZvelze ar<br />

miuRiaT <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> avtomaturad an individualuri ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis gziT,<br />

iwodebian de iure <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebad, anu pirebad, romelTac<br />

<strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> ar gaaCniaT moqmedi kanonmdeblobis safuZvelze.<br />

iTvleba, rom pirs gaaCnia <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>, Tu ar arsebobs sawinaaRmdegos<br />

<strong>da</strong>ma<strong>da</strong>sturebeli raime mtkicebuleba. Tumca zogjer saxelmwifoebi,<br />

romlebTanac pirs SesaZloa hqondes utyuari kavSiri, ver Tanxmdebian imaze,<br />

Tu romelma maTganma mianiWa am pirs <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>. aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, pirs<br />

ar SeuZlia sakuTari Tavi de iure <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirad gamoacxados,<br />

Tumca, Tuki mas ar gaaCnia faqtobrivi <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> <strong>da</strong> ver sargeblobs<br />

saxelmwifoebrivi <strong>da</strong>cviT, igi ganixileba de faqto <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone<br />

pirad.<br />

miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom konvenciis Semqmnelebma aucileblad miiCnies de iure<br />

(pirebi, romelTac ar miuRiaT <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> avtomaturad an individualuri<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis gziT romelime saxelmwifos moqmedi kanonebis safuZvelze)<br />

<strong>da</strong> de faqto <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa (pirebi, romelTac ar SeuZliaT sakuTari<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> <strong>da</strong>dgena) Soris sxvaobis <strong>da</strong>dgena, aRiares am or cnebas<br />

Soris arsebuli msgavsebac. konvenciis saboloo aqti de faqto <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

armqone pirTaTvis iTvaliswinebs arasavaldebulo rekomen<strong>da</strong>cias <strong>da</strong><br />

„urCevs, yovel monawile saxelmwifos, Tuki safuZvlianad CaTvlis im<br />

12

mizezebs, romelTa gamoc piri uars ambobs Tavisi <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> qveynis<br />

mfarvelobaze, keTilganwyobiT ganixilos misadmi imgvari mopyrobis<br />

SesaZlebloba, rogoric am konvenciiT ekuTvniT <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone<br />

pirebs.“<br />

saxelmwifo <strong>da</strong>dgenili procedurebis Tanaxmad iRebs ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebas, mianiWos<br />

Tu ara pirs konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli SeRavaTebiT sargeblobis<br />

ufleba. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, Tavisi warmomadgenlobebis/ofisebis an saTao<br />

ofisis samsaxurebis meSveobiT gluks SeuZlia misces rCevebi, Tu rogor<br />

SeiZleba am procedurebis SemuSaveba <strong>da</strong> aRsruleba (glukis ofisebis sia<br />

ixileT me-4 <strong>da</strong>narTSi).<br />

SesaZlebelia Tu ara, rom <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone<br />

piric iyos ltolvili?<br />

de faqto <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebi ar igulisxmebian 1954 wlis<br />

konvenciiseul <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone piris gansazRvrebaSi. 1954 wlis<br />

konvenciis avtorebma CaTvales, rom yvela piri, romelsac ar gaaCnia<br />

faqtobrivi <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> _ anu saubaria yvela de faqto <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone<br />

pirze _ aris ltolvili (konvenciis avtorebma miiCnies, rom piri de faqto<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqoned iqceva saxelmwifos mxri<strong>da</strong>n devnis gamo sakuTari<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> qveyni<strong>da</strong>n gaqcevis Semdeg <strong>da</strong> amasTan, es devna <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli<br />

iyo faqtobrivi <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> ar qonasTan) am gansazRvrebis Sedegad de faqto<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebi Rebuloben <strong>da</strong>xmarebas ltolvilTa statusis<br />

Sesaxeb 1951 wlis konvenciis debulebebis Tanaxmad.<br />

Tumca, de iure an de faqto <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> <strong>arqona</strong> yovelTvis ar migvaniSnebs<br />

devnaze („devnis safuZvliani SiSi“ ltolvilTa statusis Sesaxeb 1951 wlis<br />

konvenciis ltolvilis gansazRvrebis umTavres safuZvelss warmoadgens).<br />

wlebis manZilze naTeli gax<strong>da</strong>, rom arseboben de faqto <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone<br />

pirebi, romelnic ar iReben <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>s mudmivi adgilsamyofelis qveyanaSi,<br />

ar miiCnevian arc ltolvilebad <strong>da</strong> arc de iure <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone<br />

pirebad. faqtobrivad, <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa umravlesoba, romelnic<br />

<strong>da</strong>xmarebas iTxoven glukisgan, iqnebian es de iure Tu de faqto <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

armqoneni, ar arian ltolvilebi <strong>da</strong> ar iTxoven TavSesafars.<br />

ras iTvaliswinebs 1961 wlis konvencia <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone<br />

pirTa ricxvis Sesamcireblad?<br />

1950 wlis agvistoSi ekonomiurma <strong>da</strong> socialurma sabWom (ECOSOC) rezoluciis<br />

safuZvelze mosTxova saerTaSoriso samarTlis komisias (ILC), moemzadebina<br />

saerTaSoriso konvenciis an konvenciebis proeqti <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis<br />

aRmosafxvrelad. komisiam (ILC) gansaxilvelad waradgina konvenciis ori<br />

proeqti, orive maTgani kanonTa koliziiT gamowveul <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis<br />

problemas Seexebo<strong>da</strong>. erTi maTgani, romelic <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> SesaZlo<br />

uqonlobis aRmofxvras gulisxmob<strong>da</strong>, moicav<strong>da</strong> bevrad ufro Sors mimaval<br />

debulebebs, vidre meore konvenciis proeqti, romelic orientirebuli iyo<br />

momavalSi <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> arqonis SemTxvevebis Semcirebaze. konferenciis<br />

monawileebma, romlebic am sakiTxis gansaxilvelad Seikribnen, konvenciis<br />

pirveli proeqti metad radikalurad miiCnies <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>wyvites muSaoba gaegrZelebinaT<br />

momavalSi <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa ricxvis Semcirebis<br />

konvenciis proeqtze. am ganxilvis Sedegad Seqmnili dokumenti gaxlavT 1961<br />

13

wlis konvencia <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa raodenobis Semcirebis Sesaxeb (1961<br />

wlis konvenciis wevr saxelmwifoTa sia ixileT me-2 <strong>da</strong>narTSi).<br />

konvenciis muxlebis mizania, ar <strong>da</strong>uSvas <strong>da</strong>badebi<strong>da</strong>nve <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> <strong>arqona</strong>,<br />

magram es debulebebi ar krZalavs garkveul SemTxvevebSi arc <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

CamorTmevis SesaZleblobas, arc arsebuli <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone yvela<br />

pirisTvis <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miniWebas kanonis ukuqmedebiT. konvencia aseve<br />

iTvaliswinebs specialuri organos Seqmnas, romelsac SeiZleba mimarTos<br />

konvenciis farglebSi moxvedrilma pirma misi saCivris gansaxilvelad <strong>da</strong> am<br />

saCivris saTanado organoebSi warsadgenad moiTxovos <strong>da</strong>xmareba. mogvianebiT<br />

generalurma asambleam gluks sTxova, Seesrulebina es roli.<br />

saerTaSoriso samarTlis komisiam (ILC) <strong>da</strong> saxelmwifoTa warmomadgenlebma<br />

<strong>da</strong>adgines, rom aucilebelia saerTaSoriso <strong>da</strong>xmareba, radgan rodesac pirs<br />

uars eubnebian saxelmwifos <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>ze, mas ar eqneba arc finansuri<br />

SesaZlebloba <strong>da</strong> arc saWiro kvalifikacia, raTa saxelmwifo organoebs warudginos<br />

ganacxadi moqalqeobaze. verc sxva saxelmwifo SeZlebs am sakiTxSi<br />

piris interesebis saTanadod <strong>da</strong>cvas. saerTaSoriso organizaciis mier piris<br />

warmomadgenloba aseve agvaridebs SekiTxvas, aris Tu ara piri saerTaSoriso<br />

samarTlis subieqti. amis gar<strong>da</strong>, saagento, romelsac am saqmis mogvareba<br />

<strong>da</strong>evaleba, sabolood ganaviTarebs codnas <strong>da</strong> gamocdilebas im sakiTxebSi,<br />

romlebic sasargeblo iqneba ara mxolod calkeuli pirebisTvis rCevebis<br />

misacemad, agreTve, zoga<strong>da</strong>d, srulyofili <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> mosapoveblad saWiro<br />

gzebis SeTavazebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> arqonis SemTxvevebis Sesamcireblad.<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> arqonis SemTxvevebis Semcirebis misaRwevad 1961 wlis konvencia<br />

monawile saxelmwifoebisgan moiTxovs <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> sakiTxebze iseTi sakanonmdeblo<br />

bazis SemuSavebas, romelic <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miRebis an <strong>da</strong>kargvis Taobaze<br />

<strong>da</strong>dgenil stan<strong>da</strong>rtebs asaxavs. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu wevr-saxelmwifoebs Soris<br />

warmoiSveba <strong>da</strong>va konvenciis interpretaciis an ganxorcielebis Taobaze <strong>da</strong><br />

misi mogvareba SeuZlebeli gax<strong>da</strong> sxva saSualebebiT, <strong>da</strong>vis monawile nebismier<br />

mxares SeuZlia mimarTos saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos.<br />

konvenciis saboloo aqti moicavs rekomen<strong>da</strong>cias, romelic Zalian hgavs 1954<br />

wlis konvenciis saboloo aqtis rekomen<strong>da</strong>cias, romelic mouwodebs wevr<br />

saxelmwifoebs, SeZlebis<strong>da</strong>gvarad gamoiyenon konvenciis debulebebi de faqto<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebTan mimarTebaSic.<br />

„erT dRes sazRvrebs Soris videqi <strong>da</strong> verc erT qveyanaSi ver vaxerxebdi<br />

SeRwevas. es iyo <strong>da</strong>uviwyari momenti Cems cxovrebaSi! ar SemeZlo Sesvla im<br />

qveyanaSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c vimyofebodi manamde; ver Sevdiodi verc im qveyanSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />

<strong>da</strong>vibade, aRvizarde <strong>da</strong> vicxovre! romel qveyanas vekuTvni? dRemde ver<br />

viviwyeb <strong>da</strong>kargulobis SegrZnebas, romelic aeroportSi ganvicade.“<br />

Ceni, yofili <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone piri<br />

rogor uzrunvelyofs a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebaTa kanonmdebloba<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uflebas?<br />

mravali saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi dokumenti exeba <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uflebas.<br />

gaTxovil qalTa <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb 1957 wlis konvencia exmaureba<br />

14

a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracias, ayalibebs ra <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> CamourTmevlobis uflebas. is aseve popularizebas uwevs „a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />

uflebebis <strong>da</strong>cvisa <strong>da</strong> fun<strong>da</strong>menturi Tavisuflebebisadmi sayovelTao<br />

pativiscemas sqesis ganurCevlad.“ konvenciis pirveli sami muxli Seicavs<br />

specifikur debulebebs meuRlis (colis) <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb:<br />

muxli 1 adgens, rom `ucxo qveynis moqalaqesa <strong>da</strong> adgilobrivs Soris<br />

arc qorwineba, arc gayra <strong>da</strong> arc qorwinebis periodSi qmris mier <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

Secvla avtomaturad ar imoqmedebs misi meuRlis (colis)<br />

<strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>ze.“<br />

muxli 2 acxadebs, rom „erT-erTi meuRlis mier verc ucxo qveynis<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> nebayoflobiTi miReba <strong>da</strong> verc sakuTar <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>ze<br />

uaris Tqma ver imoqmedebs misi colis mier sakuTari <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

SenarCunebaze.“<br />

muxli 3, romelic or nawilad iyofa, adgens, rom ”romelime wevri<br />

saxelmwifos moqalaqe cols sakuTari survilisamebr SeuZlia miiRos<br />

meuRlis <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> naturalizaciis SeRavaTiani procedurebis<br />

gavliT” <strong>da</strong> rom „amgvari <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miniWeba SesaZloa SeizRudos<br />

erovnuli usafrTxoebisa <strong>da</strong> sazogadoebrivi politikis interesebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

gamomdinare“. igi aseve adgens, rom wevrma saxelmwifom ar<br />

un<strong>da</strong> ganmartos konvencia ise, TiTqos ”igi gavlenas axdens kanonmdeblobaze<br />

an samarTlebriv praqtikaze, raTa wevri saxelmwifos<br />

moqalaqis ucxoel cols, moTxovnisamebr, mieces ufleba miiRos<br />

meuRlis <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>“.<br />

wlis konvencia rasobrivi diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb<br />

saxelmwifoebs avaldebulebs, rom „uzrunvelyon yvela a<strong>da</strong>mianis Tanasworoba<br />

kanonis winaSe, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad rasisa, kanis ferisa, erovnuli <strong>da</strong> eTnikuri<br />

kuTvnilebisa“, gansakuTrebiT a<strong>da</strong>mianis zogierTi fun<strong>da</strong>menturi uflebis<br />

gamoyenebisas, <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uflebis CaTvliT (muxli 5).<br />

1966 wlis samoqalaqo <strong>da</strong> politikur uflebaTa saerTaSoriso paqtis 24-e muxli<br />

acxadebs:<br />

„TiToeul bavSvs rasis, kanis feris, sqesis, enis, religiis, erovnuli<br />

Tu sociluri warmoSobis, qonebrivi mdgomareobisa Tu <strong>da</strong>badebis gamo<br />

yovelgvari diskriminaciis gareSe aqvs ufleba <strong>da</strong>cvis iseT RonosZiebebze,<br />

romlebic mas, rogorc mcirewlovans, un<strong>da</strong> gauwion misma ojaxma,<br />

sazogadoebam <strong>da</strong> saxelmwifom.”<br />

„TiToeuli bavSvi registrirebuli un<strong>da</strong> iyos <strong>da</strong>uyovnebliv <strong>da</strong>badebis<br />

Semdeg <strong>da</strong> un<strong>da</strong> hqondes saxeli“.<br />

„TiToeul bavSvs aqvs <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miRebis ufleba“.<br />

am paqtis 26-e muxli aseve adgens, rom „yvela a<strong>da</strong>miani Tanasworia kanonis<br />

winaSe <strong>da</strong> yovelgvari diskriminaciis gareSe sargeblobs kanonis <strong>da</strong>cviT. am<br />

mxriv, kanoniT un<strong>da</strong> aikrZalos yovelgvari diskriminacia <strong>da</strong> uzrunvelyofil<br />

iqnes yvelas Tanaswori <strong>da</strong> efeqturi <strong>da</strong>cva rasis, kanis feris, sqesis,<br />

enis, sarwmunoebis, politikuri Tu sxva mosazrebis, erovnuli Tu sociluri<br />

warmomavlobis, qonebrivi mdgomareobis, <strong>da</strong>badebisa Tu sxva safuZvelze<br />

ganxorcielebuli diskriminaciisgan“.<br />

15

1979 wlis konvencia qalTa diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb<br />

me-9 muxlSi acxadebs, rom:<br />

„monawile saxelmwifoebi qalebs aniWeben mamakacebTan Tanabar uflebas<br />

miiRon, Seicvalon an SeinarCunon TavianTi <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>. isini,<br />

kerZod, uzrunvelyofen, rom arc ucxoelTan qorwineba, arc qmris<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Secvla qorwinebis dros ar iwvevs colis <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

avtomaturad Secvlas, ar aqcevs mas <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirad <strong>da</strong><br />

ar SeiZleba aiZulon igi miiRos qmris <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>.“<br />

„monawile saxelmwifoebi qalebs aniWeben mamakacebTan Tanabar uflebas<br />

maTi Svilebis <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> mimarT.“<br />

bavSvis uflebaTa 1989 wlis konvencia, romelic ratificirebulia TiTqmis<br />

yvela saxelmwifos mier, <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>sTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT or mniSvnelovan<br />

muxls Seicavs:<br />

muxli 2 miuTiTebs, rom „wevri saxelmwifoebi pativs scemen <strong>da</strong> uzrunvelyofen<br />

maTi iurisdiqciis farglebSi myofi TiToeuli bavSvis<br />

winamdebare konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebul uflebas, <strong>da</strong>culi iyos<br />

nebismieri saxis diskriminaciisagan rogorc Tavad, ise misi mSoblebi<br />

an kanonieri meurveebi rasis, kanis feris, sqesis, enis, religiuri,<br />

politikuri an sxva mosazrebis, erovnuli, eTnikuri Tu socialuri<br />

warmoSobis, qonebrivi mdgomareobis, janmrTelobis, <strong>da</strong>badebis an sxva<br />

statusis miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad.“<br />

muxli 7 moiTxovs, rom bavSvi registraciaSi gatardes <strong>da</strong>badebisTanave,<br />

<strong>da</strong>erqvas saxeli <strong>da</strong> mieniWos <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miRebis ufleba; agreTve,<br />

ramdena<strong>da</strong>c es SesaZlebelia, mas ufleba aqvs icodes mSoblebis vinaoba<br />

<strong>da</strong> iyos maTi mzrunvvelis qveS.“ muxli aseve adgens, rom „wevri saxelmwifoebi<br />

uzrunvelyofen am uflebaTa ganxorcielebas erovnuli<br />

kanonmdeblobis <strong>da</strong> am sferoSi arsebuli saerTaSoriso dokumentebiT<br />

nakisri valdebulebebis Sesabamisad; gansakuTrebiT im SemTxvevaSi,<br />

rodesac bavSvi sxvagvarad <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone iqneba.“<br />

1971 wli<strong>da</strong>n banakSi vcxovrob <strong>da</strong> imedi maqvs, rom sul male Cems SvilebTan<br />

erTad sxvagan ga<strong>da</strong>vsaxldebi. me msurs mqondes igive uflebebi, rac<br />

bangladeSis moqalaqeebs aqvT. Cven ar gagvaCnia cxovrebis Rirseuli pirobebi:<br />

banakSi bavSvebi saTanadod ar izrdebian, ver Rebuloben ganaTlebas <strong>da</strong><br />

ucodinrobis gamo mxolod ubadruk samsaxurs un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>sjerdnen.“<br />

sei<strong>da</strong>ha, bangladeSSi mcxovrebi <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone piri<br />

arsebobs Tu ara raime regionuli xelSekrulebebi <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

uflebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT?<br />

regionuli dokumentebi aZliereben <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uflebis samarTlebriv safuZvels.<br />

amerikis a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebebis konvenciis (1969 w.) me-20 muxli acxadebs, rom:<br />

„yvela a<strong>da</strong>mians aqvs <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> ufleba. yvela a<strong>da</strong>mians aqvs im<br />

qveynis <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miRebis ufleba, romlis teritoriazec is <strong>da</strong>iba<strong>da</strong>,<br />

Tu mas ar gaaCnia sxva qveynis <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> ufleba. aravis un<strong>da</strong><br />

16

CamoerTvas usafuZvlod <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> an misi Secvlis ufleba.“<br />

am principebs SemdgomSi mxari <strong>da</strong>uWires amerikaTaSorisi sasamarTlos precedentebma.<br />

sasamarTlom <strong>da</strong>a<strong>da</strong>stura, rom pirobebi, romlis Tanaxma<strong>da</strong>c xdeba<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miniWeba, rCeba saxelmwifos Si<strong>da</strong> iurisdiqciis farglebSi.<br />

sasamarTlom aseve aRmoaCina, rom:<br />

„miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad tradiciulad miRebuli debulebisa, rom <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

miniWeba <strong>da</strong> cnoba TiToeuli saxelmwifos ga<strong>da</strong>sawyvetia, Tanamedrove<br />

ganviTareba mianiSnebs, rom saerTaSoriso samarTali saxelwifoebs<br />

konkretul SezRudvebs uwesebs im farTo uflebebze, romliTac isini<br />

sargebloben am sferoSi. meTodi, romliTac saxelmwifoebi aregulireben<br />

<strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>sTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebul sakiTxebs, dResdReobiT<br />

ver CaiTvleba mxolod maTi iurisdiqciis farglebSi moqceulad.“<br />

(a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebaTa amerikaTaSorisi sasamarTlo, sarekomen<strong>da</strong>cio<br />

mosazreba, „cvlilebebi kosta rikas konstituciis naturalizaciis<br />

<strong>da</strong>dgenilebebSi“, 1984 wlis a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebaTa samarTlis Jurnalis<br />

(HRLJ) me-5 teqsti;abzacebi 32_34)<br />

sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, saxelmwifoebma mxedvelobaSi un<strong>da</strong> miiRon maTi<br />

Si<strong>da</strong> erovnuli kanonmdeblobis saerTaSoriso Sedegebi, gansakuTrebiT im<br />

SemTxvevaSi, rodesac kanonis ganxorcieleba <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis mizezad<br />

iqceva.<br />

1963 wels miiRes evropuli konvencia mraval<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> SemTxvevebis ricxvis<br />

Semcirebisa <strong>da</strong> mraval<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> SemTxvevebSi samxedro samsaxurTan <strong>da</strong>kav-<br />

Sirebul valdebulebaTa Sesaxeb. es konvencia efuZnebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>savleT evropis<br />

bevri saxelmwifosTvis im periodSi misaReb Sexedulebas, rom mraval<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

SemTxvevebi arasasurvelia <strong>da</strong> saWiroa maTi akrZalva. vinai<strong>da</strong>n 1963<br />

wlis konvencia Semoifarglebo<strong>da</strong> mxolod mravalmoqalqeobis sakiTxebiT, 1977<br />

<strong>da</strong> 1993 wlebSi konvencias <strong>da</strong>emata ori oqmi, romlebic momijnave sakiTxebs<br />

moicavdnen <strong>da</strong> asaxavdnen moqalqeobis sferos koncefcias <strong>da</strong> praqtikaSi ganvi-<br />

Tarebul cvlilebebs. magaliTad, konvenciis meore oqmi ormagi <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

miRebis uflebas iZleva meore Taobis migrantebisa <strong>da</strong> Sereuli qorwinebis<br />

SemTxvevaSi rogorc meuRleebis, aseve maTi SvilebisTvis.<br />

evropuli 1997 wlis konvencia <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb evrosabWos mier SemuSavebuli<br />

kidev erTi regionuli dokumentia, romelic Seiqmna gacnobierebuli<br />

aucileblobis safuZvlze. saWiro iyo iseTi dokumenti, romelic gaaer-<br />

Tianeb<strong>da</strong> <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> kanonebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli konfliqtebis Taobaze<br />

Si<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> saerTaSoriso samarTlis ganviTarebis yvela safexurs haagis 1930<br />

wlis konvencii<strong>da</strong>n moyolebuli dRemde. 1997 wlis konvencia arc cvlis 1963<br />

wlis konvencias <strong>da</strong> arc SeusabamobaSia masTan. <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb 1997<br />

wlis konvencia mravlobiTi <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miRebis uflebas aZlevs sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> mqone <strong>da</strong>qorwinebul pirebs <strong>da</strong> maT Svilebs. konvencia aseve<br />

moicavs <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miRebis, SenarCunebis, <strong>da</strong>kargvis, aRdgenis proceduruli<br />

uflebebis, samarTalmemkvidre saxelmwifoTa <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong>, samxedro<br />

valdebulebebis <strong>da</strong> wevr saxelmwifoebs Soris TanamSromlobis sakiTxebs. konvencia<br />

Seicavs mraval debulebas, romelTa mizanicaa <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis<br />

warmoSobis aRkveTa. konvencia eyrdnoba <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa Sesaxeb<br />

1954 wlis konvencias, romlis safuZvelzec aris gansazRvruli <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

armqone piris raoba, anu evropuli konvencia <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb Seexeba<br />

mxolod de iure <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebs.<br />

17

axlo warsulSi evropaSi saxelmwifoTa sazRvrebis Secvlis gamocdilebam<br />

gviCvena, rom uamravi a<strong>da</strong>miani dgeba <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis safrTxis<br />

winaSe, vinai<strong>da</strong>n maT SesaZloa <strong>da</strong>kargon Zveli <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> axlis miRebamde.<br />

erTi saxelmwifos mier meoresTvis teritoriis ga<strong>da</strong>cemis, saxelmwifoebis<br />

gaerTianebis, <strong>da</strong>Slis, gancalkevebis an misi teritoris nawilis an nawilebis<br />

gamoyofis Sedegad samarTalmemkvidre saxelmwifoebis warmoSobisas <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

armqoneTa gaCenis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acilebis mizniT evrosabWom miiRo<br />

samarTalmemkvidre saxelmwifoTa warmoSobis Sedegad <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis<br />

Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acilebis Sesaxeb konvencia. es dokumenti miiRes 2006 wlis 15<br />

marts <strong>da</strong> moicavs samarTalmemkvidre saxelmwifos warmoSobis pirobebSi <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>sTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebul gansakuTrebul wesebs. misi 22 muxli gvTavazobs<br />

praqtikul <strong>saxelmZRvanelo</strong> principebs iseT sakiTxebze, rogoricaa yofili<br />

<strong>da</strong> momavali saxelmwifoebis pasuxismgebloba, mtkicebis wesebi, <strong>da</strong>badebiT<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acileba, <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa mier<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miRebaSi <strong>da</strong>xmareba <strong>da</strong> a. S..<br />

1999 wels afrikis erTobis organizaciam (amJamad afrikis kavSiri) miiRo afrikuli<br />

qartia bavSvTa uflebebis <strong>da</strong> keTildReobis Sesaxeb. bavSvTa uflebebis<br />

konvenciis modelze Seqmnili qartia iziarebs manamde arsebuli konvenciis<br />

ZiriTad principebs, rogoricaa diskriminaciis aRkveTa <strong>da</strong> bavSvis interesebisTvis<br />

upirvelesi mniSvnelobis miniWeba. qartiis me-6 muxli, romelSic<br />

saubaria saxelsa <strong>da</strong> <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>ze, amtkicebs rom:<br />

• yovel bavSvs <strong>da</strong>badebisTanave un<strong>da</strong> hqondes saxelis tarebis ufleba;<br />

• yoveli bavSvi <strong>da</strong>badebisTanave un<strong>da</strong> iyos registrirebuli;<br />

• yovel bavSvs un<strong>da</strong> hqondes <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miRebis ufleba;<br />

• qartiis wevrma saxelmwifoebma un<strong>da</strong> uzrunvelyon sakuTari konstituciuri<br />

kanonmdeblobis mier im principebis aRiareba, romelTa Tanaxma<strong>da</strong>c<br />

bavSvma un<strong>da</strong> miiRos im saxelmwifos <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>, romlis teritoriazec<br />

<strong>da</strong>iba<strong>da</strong>, Tu <strong>da</strong>badebis momentSi ar mieniWa sxva saxelmwifos <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong><br />

im qveynis kanonebis Tanaxmad.<br />

18

Tavi 2<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa identificireba <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>cva<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb erovnuli kanonebis, <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa ricxvis<br />

Semcirebis Sesaxeb 1961 wlis konvenciisa <strong>da</strong> sxva saerTaSoriso dokumentebis<br />

saSualebiT <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis SemTxvevebis Semcirebis mcdelobis<br />

miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, gluki-s monacemebiT msoflioSi milionobiT a<strong>da</strong>miani cxovrobs<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> gareSe. gaeros 1954 wlis konvencia <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone<br />

pirTa statusis Sesaxeb adgens, Tu vin aris <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone piri, xels<br />

uwyobs maT samarTlebriv identificirebasa <strong>da</strong> ZiriTadi uflebebiTa <strong>da</strong><br />

TavisuflebiT diskriminaciis gareSe sargeblobas.<br />

„Cven ver vSoulobT mudmiv samsaxurs, ar SegviZlia ga<strong>da</strong>adgileba, im navebs<br />

vgavarT, romelTac navTsayudeli ar gaaCniaT. ganaTlebac <strong>da</strong> jan<strong>da</strong>cvac<br />

CvenTvis miuwvdomelia. me ver <strong>da</strong>vamTavre skola <strong>da</strong> ver movxvdi kolejSi.<br />

mxolod kerZo klinikaSi misvla SemiZlia <strong>da</strong> ara saxelmwifoSi.“<br />

abdula, <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone beduini,<br />

mcxovrebi arabeTis gaerTianebul emiratebSi<br />

vin aris <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone piri?<br />

1954 wlis konvencia <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqones uwodebs pirs, romelic „ar iTvleba<br />

arc erTi saxelmwifos moqalaqed iq moqmedi kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad“<br />

(muxli 1.) es mxolod samarTlebrivi gansazRvrebaa. igi ar exeba <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

xarisxs, miniWebis meTodebs an xelmisawvdomobas. gansazRvreba ubralod<br />

Seexeba kanonis moqmedebas, romlis mixedviTac qveynis kanonmdebloba <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

Sesaxeb ex lege, anu avtomaturad adgens, vin aris moqalaqe.<br />

mocemuli gansazRvrebis Tanaxmad, „<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirad“ aRiarebisTvis<br />

pirma un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>amtkicos sawinaaRmdego, anu is, rom mas aranairi samarTlebrivi<br />

kavSiri ar aqvs romelime konkretul saxelmwifosTan.<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis mtkicebis SemTxvevaSi saxelmwifoebma un<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>xedon<br />

im qveynebis kanonmdeblobas <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb, romelTanac pirs adre<br />

gaaCn<strong>da</strong> kavSiri (magaliTad, rogoricaa <strong>da</strong>badebis adgili, yofili mudmivi<br />

sacxovrebeli, saxelmwifo (an saxelmwifoebi), romlis moqalaqeebic arian<br />

meuRle an Svilebi, mSoblebi an bebia <strong>da</strong> babua), am qveynebTan konsultaciebi<br />

gaiaron <strong>da</strong> saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi moiTxovon mtkicebuleba. saxelmwifoebma<br />

pirovnebisagan un<strong>da</strong> moiTxovon sruli TanamSromloba <strong>da</strong> yvela saWiro faqtis<br />

<strong>da</strong> informaciis miwodeba. gluks SeuZlia saxelmwifoebs Soris konsultaciebs<br />

Seuwyos xeli <strong>da</strong> moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxelmwifosgan<br />

moipovos Sesabamis kanonebsa <strong>da</strong> maT SesrulebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli teqnikuri<br />

informacia.<br />

saxelmwifos xelisuflebis mier warmodgenili sabuTebi, romlebic a<strong>da</strong>stureben<br />

konkretuli piris <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobas, mtkicebulebis sando formaa.<br />

Tumca amgvari mtkicebuleba yovelTvis ar aris xelmisawvdomi. warmoSobis<br />

19

an yofili mudmivi sacxovrebeli qveynis Sesabamisma organoebma SesaZloa<br />

uari ganacxadon <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> arqonis <strong>da</strong>ma<strong>da</strong>sturebeli dokumentebis<br />

gacemaze an ubralod upasuxod <strong>da</strong>tovon moTxovna. zogierTi saxelmwifos<br />

xelisuflebam SesaZloa uari ganacxados imis <strong>da</strong>dgenaze, Tu romel pirs ar<br />

aqvs masTan samarTlebrivi kavSiri. aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, Tu saxelmwifo uars<br />

acxadebs piris <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>sturebaze, es uari TavisTavad mtkicebulebaa,<br />

vinai<strong>da</strong>n saxelmwifo Tavis moqalaqeebze aucileblad gaavrceleb<strong>da</strong><br />

diplomatiur <strong>da</strong>cvas.<br />

SesaZlebelia Tu ara, rom pirze ar gavrceldes 1954 wlis<br />

konvenciis debulebebi?<br />

1954 wlis konvenciis preambula a<strong>da</strong>sturebs, rom <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone<br />

ltolvilebs moicavs ltolvilTa statusis Sesaxeb 1951 wlis konvencia <strong>da</strong>,<br />

aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, maT ar exeba 1954 wlis konvencia.<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone piris gansazRvris gar<strong>da</strong>, 1954 wlis konvenciis pirveli<br />

muxli gamoyofs im pirebsac, romlebzec miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom eqcevian am<br />

cnebis CarCoebSi (anu isinic <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebi arian), garkveuli<br />

mizezebis gamo konvencia ar vrceldeba _ isini an ar saWiroeben amgvar<br />

<strong>da</strong>cvas, vinai<strong>da</strong>n ukve sargebloben konkretuli samarTlebrivi sqemebiT, an<br />

saerTaSoriso <strong>da</strong>xmarebiT, an ar imsaxureben saerTaSoriso <strong>da</strong>cvas Cadenili<br />

<strong>da</strong>naSaulis gamo. aq igulisxmebian pirebi:<br />

• „romlebic sargebloben gaeros ltolvilTa umaRlesi komisariatis<br />

gar<strong>da</strong> gaerTianebuli erebis sxva organoebis an saagentoebis <strong>da</strong>cviT an<br />

<strong>da</strong>xmarebiT manam, sanam es <strong>da</strong>xmareba gagrZeldeba.“<br />

• gaerTianebuli erebis axlo aRmosavleTSi palestineli ltolvilebis Tvis<br />

<strong>da</strong>xmarebisa <strong>da</strong> samuSaoebis saagento (UNRWA) amJamad gaeros erTaderTi<br />

organoa, romelsac es debuleba exeba.<br />

• `romelTa mimarTac adgilsamyofeli qveynis kompetenturi xelisufleba<br />

cnobs <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>sTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebul uflebebsa <strong>da</strong> movaleobebs.“<br />

es imas niSnavs, rom Tu <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirs qveyanaSi gaaCnia<br />

kanonieri sacxovrebeli adgili <strong>da</strong> eniWeba imaze meti uflebebi, vidre<br />

1954 wlis konvencia iTvaliswinebs, kerZod ki sruli ekonomikuri <strong>da</strong><br />

socialuri uflebebi, riTac qveynis moqalaqe sargeblobs deportaciisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> gaZevebisagan <strong>da</strong>cvis CaTvliT, maSin am piris mimarT konvenciis debulebebis<br />

gamoyeneba saWiro ar aris imis miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, rom es pirovneba<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone piria.<br />

• `romlebmac Caidines <strong>da</strong>naSauli mSvidobis winaaRmdeg, samxedro <strong>da</strong>na-<br />

Sauli an <strong>da</strong>naSauli kacobriobis winaaRmdeg, rogorc es gansazRvrulia<br />

saerTaSoriso dokumentebSi;<br />

`romlebmac Caidines arapolitikuri xasiaTis mZime <strong>da</strong>naSauli mudmivi<br />

sacxovrebeli qveynis farglebs gareT am qveyanaSi Sesvlis nebarTvis<br />

miRebamde“ an<br />

`brali miuZRviT gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis miznebisa <strong>da</strong><br />

principebis sawinaaRmdego qmedebebSi.“<br />

20

odis aRar CaiTvleba pirovneba <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirad ?<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqoned piri aRar CaiTvleba, rodesac is <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>s<br />

miiRebs.<br />

2003 wlis dekemberSi eTiopiaSi <strong>da</strong> 2004 wlis noemberSi kongos demokratiul<br />

respublikaSi miiRes <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb kanonebi, rac miznad isaxavs am or<br />

qveyanaSi bevri <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> ar mqone a<strong>da</strong>minis problemebis mogvrarebas. amas<br />

sakmaod didi dro <strong>da</strong>sWirdeba. eTiopiis kanonmdebloba iq mcxovreb uamrav<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mians aZlevs <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> xelmeored miRebis uflebas, maSin rodesac<br />

kongos demokratiuli respublikis axali kanonebi xels uwyobs qveynis<br />

moqalaqeTa jgufis <strong>da</strong>dgenas.<br />

ra procedurebs mimarTaven piris <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> arqonis<br />

<strong>da</strong>sadgenad?<br />

marTalia, 1954 wlis konvencia gvTavazobs <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone piris gansaz-<br />

Rvrebas, magram ar SeumuSavebia Sesabamisi procedura. amdenad, es saxelmwifos<br />

<strong>da</strong> im pirTa interesebSia, viszec vrceldeba es konvencia, raTa saxelmwifom<br />

iseTi kanonmdebloba SeimuSavos, romelic gansazRvravs <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone<br />

piris <strong>da</strong>dgenis meTodebs. amgvarma kanonmdeblobam aseve un<strong>da</strong> gansazRvros, Tu<br />

vin iqneba ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis mimRebi <strong>da</strong> Camoayalibos pirovnebis <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

armqone pirad cnobis Sedegebi.<br />

zogierTma saxelmwifom miiRo normatiuli aqtebi, romelTa Tanaxmad, mTavrobaSi<br />

an Sinagan saqmeTa saministroSi <strong>da</strong>dgin<strong>da</strong> specialuri struqturebi<br />

- samsaxurebi, romlebic imuSaveben uSualod TavSesafris maZieblebTan,<br />

ltolvilebTan <strong>da</strong> <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebTan. magaliTad, maT <strong>da</strong>evalebaT<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa ganacxadebis ganxilva <strong>da</strong> iuridiuli <strong>da</strong>skvnebis<br />

gamotana. sxva saxelmwifoebi, romelTac ar gaaCniaT <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis<br />

<strong>da</strong>mdgeni procedurebis sakanonmdeblo baza, qmnian administraciul an sasamarTlo<br />

organoebs, romelTa amocanac piris <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> arqonis faqtis<br />

<strong>da</strong>dgenaa. saxelmwifoTa umravlesobas saerTod ar gaaCnia raime procedura.<br />

xSir SemTxvevebSi, <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis sakiTxi Tavs iCens ltolvilis<br />

statusis <strong>da</strong>dgenis proceduris dros. aseT dros <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebi<br />

SesaZloa moeqcnen humanitaruli <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>matebiTi <strong>da</strong>cvis procedurebis CarCoSi.<br />

faqtobrivad, <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebi iZulebulni iqnebian warmoadginon<br />

gancxadeba TavSesafris mopovebis Taobaze mxolod imis gamo, rom maTTvis<br />

miuwvdomelia sxva procedura.<br />

zogierT qveyanas ar gaaCnia <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa <strong>da</strong>dgenis specialuri<br />

procedurebi, magram SesaZloa es sakiTxi wamoiWras maSin, rodesac piri<br />

ganacxads akeTebs binadrobis nebarTvaze an samgzavro sabuTebze, an Tu<br />

uari eTqva TavSesafris miniWebaze <strong>da</strong> sxva safuZvliT iTxovs TavSesafris<br />

qveyanaSi <strong>da</strong>rCenas.<br />

safrangeTSi <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone piris statusis cnobis proceduras<br />

xelmZRvanelobs safrangeTis ltolvilTa <strong>da</strong> <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa<br />

<strong>da</strong>cvis samsaxuri (OFPRA), romlis man<strong>da</strong>tic moicavs <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone<br />

pirebisaTvis iuridiuli <strong>da</strong> administraciuli <strong>da</strong>cvis gawevas. ganacxadebi<br />

pir<strong>da</strong>pir safrangeTis ltolvilTa <strong>da</strong> <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa <strong>da</strong>cvis<br />

frangul samsaxurs (OFPRA) egzavneba.<br />

21

espaneTSi kanoni ucxoelTa Sesaxeb uzrunvelyofs Sinagan saqmeTa saministros<br />

mier <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebis statusis aRiarebas im proceduris<br />

saSualebiT, romelsac aregulirebs samefo dekreti. ganmcxadeblebs<br />

SeuZliaT miakiTxon policiis ganyofilebebs an TavSesafrisa <strong>da</strong> ltolvilTa<br />

samsaxurs (OAR). sagamoZiebo fazis <strong>da</strong>srulebis Semdeg TavSesafrisa <strong>da</strong><br />

ltolvilTa samsaxuri uZRveba proceduras, Semdeg ki <strong>da</strong>sabuTebul Sefasebas<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>scems Sinagan saqmeTa saministros.<br />

italiaSi 1993 wlis normatiuli aqti, erTi wliT adre miRebul <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

kanonSi cvlilebebis SetaniT, uflebamosilebas aniWebs Sinagan saqmeTa<br />

saministros, <strong>da</strong>adginos <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone piris statusi.<br />

im konkretuli procedurebis gareSe, romelic <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa<br />

identifkacias emsaxureba, SeuZlebelia imis <strong>da</strong>dgena, Tu <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis<br />

ramdeni SemTxvevaa aRuricxavi <strong>da</strong>, aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, SeuZlebelia<br />

problemis masStaburobis <strong>da</strong>dgenac.<br />

ra mtkicebuleba moiTxoveba?<br />

Cveulebriv, ganmcxadeblma un<strong>da</strong> warmoadginos misi „warmoSobis qveynis“<br />

saelCos an sakonsulos mier gacemuli dokumentacia _ anu misi <strong>da</strong>badebis<br />

qveynis an im qveynis, romelmac gasca moqmedi samgzavro sabuTebi - romelic<br />

a<strong>da</strong>sturebs, rom piri ar aris moqalaqe. rogorc ukve aRiniSna, es yovelTvis<br />

ar aris SesaZlebeli. Tu srulyofili dokumentaciis miRebis saSualeba ar<br />

aris, zogierTma saxelmwifom SeiZleba ikmaros sxva saxis mtkicebulebebic,<br />

magaliTad, rogoricaa, <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb Sesabamisi kanonmdeblobis<br />

analizi an mowmeebisa <strong>da</strong> mesame pirTa ganacxadebi. informaciis moZiebisas<br />

SesaZloa saWiro gaxdes sxva<strong>da</strong>saxva departamentebis <strong>da</strong> saministroebis er-<br />

Toblivi Zalisxmeva rogorc mTavrobis SigniT, aseve qveynebs Soris.<br />

am droisTvis saxelmwifoebs Soris ar arsebobs urTierTSeTanxmebuli<br />

midgoma <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa <strong>da</strong>sadgenad. <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis<br />

mtkicebulebis <strong>da</strong>dgenis kriteriumi yvela saxelmwifoSi gansxvavebulia. erT<br />

saxelmwifoSi <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqoned cnobili piri SesaZloa meore saxlemwofom<br />

ar aRiaros aseTad.<br />

2005 wels glukma gamosca angariSi _ evrokavSiris wevr saxlemwifoebSi<br />

1954 wlis konvenciis <strong>da</strong>nergvis Sesaxeb. gamoirkva, rom evrokavSiris<br />

saxelmwifoebis umetesobas jerac ar hqon<strong>da</strong> SemuSavebuli konkretuli<br />

meqanizmebi <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa statusis <strong>da</strong>dgenisa <strong>da</strong> cnobisaTvis;<br />

amis nacvlad gamoiyenebo<strong>da</strong> TavSesafriT uzrunvelyofis procedurebi.<br />

amdenad, SeuZlebelia evrokavSiris farglebSi <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqoneTa<br />

problemis masStabis <strong>da</strong>dgena. amasTan, moxsenebis Seqmnisas glukma yuradReba<br />

gaamaxvila erovnul doneze arsebul saukeTeso gamocdilebaze, romlis<br />

gamoyenebac SesaZlebelia evrokavSiris qveynebSi <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone<br />

pirTa statusis <strong>da</strong>dgenisa <strong>da</strong> cnobis procedurebis harmonizebis mizniT;<br />

es gamocdileba <strong>saxelmZRvanelo</strong>d gamoadgebaT aseve im saxelmwifoebs,<br />

romelTac ukve moaxdines 1954 wlis konvenciis ratificireba.<br />

vin wyvets piris <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> arqonis sakiTxs?<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqoneTa statusis <strong>da</strong>sadgenad saWiroa am sferoSi kvalificirebuli<br />

personali, romelsac SeuZlia operatiulad <strong>da</strong> obieqturad<br />

22

ganixilos ganacxadi zed <strong>da</strong>rTuli mtkicebulebiTurT. <strong>da</strong>dgenaze pasuxismgebeli<br />

centraluri xelisufleba amgvarad Seamcireb<strong>da</strong> urTierTsawinaaRmdego<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebis miRebis risks, ufro efeqturad moiZieb<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> Seagroveb<strong>da</strong><br />

warmoSobis qveynebis Sesaxeb informacias <strong>da</strong> mizanmimarTuli muSaobiT uke-<br />

Tesad SeZleb<strong>da</strong> gamocdilebis gaRrmavebas <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> <strong>arqona</strong>sTan <strong>da</strong>kav-<br />

Sirebul saqmeebSi. <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone piris statusis <strong>da</strong>dgena moiTxovs<br />

sxva qveynebis kanonebis, debulebebis codnas, ukve arsebuli gamocdilebis<br />

Seswavlas <strong>da</strong> analizs. ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis mimRebi pirebi, saqmeSi centraluri<br />

xelisuflebis CarTvis gareSec, TanamSromloben rogorc mTavrobis SigniT,<br />

aseve sxva saxelmwifoebSi im kolegebTan, romelTac <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

uqonlobis Sesaxeb kanonmdeblobis saTanado codna gaaCniaT.<br />

ramdenad xelmisawvdomia es procedura calkeuli pirebisTvis?<br />

1954 wlis konvencia ar avaldebulebs saxelmwifoebs, rom maT kanonieri<br />

sacxovrebeli adgili mianiWon pirs, sanam <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirad cnobis<br />

Sesaxeb misi mimarTvis ganxilva ar <strong>da</strong>srulebula. Tumca, radganac piri<br />

imyofeba saxelmwifos teritoriaze, misi moqalaqeobrivi statusis <strong>da</strong>dgena<br />

SesaZloa problemis mogvarebis erTaderTi saSualeba aRmoCndes. Tu pirs<br />

<strong>da</strong>udgin<strong>da</strong> <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> <strong>arqona</strong> <strong>da</strong> Tu ar arsebobs yofil mudmiv sacxovrebel<br />

qveyanaSi <strong>da</strong>brunebis Sansi an Tu ar arsebobs aseTi qveyana, maSin misi saxelmwifoSi<br />

SeSveba <strong>da</strong> iq <strong>da</strong>sarCenad nebismieri tipis kanonieri nebarTvis gacema,<br />

albaT, erTaderTi marTebuli ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba iqneba.<br />

Tu pirovnebam Seitana ganacxadi <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirad aRiarebis<br />

Sesaxeb an, Tu xelisufleba cdilobs <strong>da</strong>adginos piris <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> arqonis<br />

sakiTxi, maSin procesis <strong>da</strong>mTavrebamde SesaZloa saWiro gaxdes am a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />

uzrunvelyofa droebiTi sacxovrebliT. konvenciaSi araferia naTqvami<br />

imis Taobaze, <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone piris statusis cnobis Sesaxeb ganacxadis<br />

ganxilvis <strong>da</strong>srulebamde un<strong>da</strong> mieces, Tu ara pirs qveyanaSi kanonieri<br />

cxovrebis ufleba. aRniSnul procedurebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT saxelmwifoTa<br />

praqtika mravalferovania.<br />

Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi proceduria principebi moiTxovs ganmcxadeblebisaTvis<br />

Semdegi garantiebis miniWebas:<br />

• ganacxadis individualuri ganxilva,romelSic ganmcxadebelsac SeuZlia<br />

monawileobis miReba;<br />

• ganacxadis obieqturad ganxilvis ufleba;<br />

• proceduris xangrZlivobis SezRudva;<br />

• proceduris Sesaxeb informaciis ganmcxadeblisaTvis gasageb enaze<br />

xelmisawvdomoba;<br />

• iuridiuli <strong>da</strong>xmarebiTa <strong>da</strong> Tarjimnis momsaxurebiT sargeblobis<br />

ufleba;<br />

• konfidencialurobis <strong>da</strong> informaciis <strong>da</strong>cvis ufleba;<br />

• ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebisa <strong>da</strong> misi ganmapirobebeli mizezebis miReba; <strong>da</strong><br />

• miRebuli ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis kanonierebis gasaCivrebis SesaZlebloba.<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqones statusze zog ganmcxadebels, kerZod, mzrunvelobis<br />

23

gareSe <strong>da</strong>rCenil bavSvebs, gaaCnia specialuri saWiroebebi, rac moiTxovs gansxvavebuli<br />

proceduruli debulebebis gamoyenebas. es debulebebi SeiZleba<br />

iTvaliswinebdnen meurvis <strong>da</strong>niSvnas, romelic warmoadgens an <strong>da</strong>xmarebas<br />

gauwevs mzrunvelobis gareSe <strong>da</strong>rCenil bavSvs administraciuli proceduris<br />

msvlelobisas.<br />

SeuZlia Tu ara saxelmwifos <strong>da</strong>akavos <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone<br />

piri, romelsac ara aqvs qveyanaSi kanonieri <strong>da</strong>rCenis ufleba?<br />

Cveulebriv, <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone piri ar un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>akavon. <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone<br />

pirebs xSirad ar gaaCniaT piradobis <strong>da</strong>ma<strong>da</strong>sturebeli dokumentebi (mag. piradobis<br />

mowmobebi an pasportebi), romlebic maTi vinaobis <strong>da</strong>dgenaSi <strong>da</strong>gvexmarebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu <strong>da</strong>dgin<strong>da</strong> yofili sacxovrebeli qveyana, xSirad<br />

igi umalve ar Tanxmdeba piris xelaxla miRebaze. aseT mdgomareobaSi un<strong>da</strong><br />

veridoT piris <strong>da</strong>kavebas <strong>da</strong> mxolod im SemTxvevaSi mivmarToT am RonisZiebebs,<br />

roca amas calsaxad moiTxovs erovnuli kanonmdebloba, rac, Tavis mxriv,<br />

Seesabameba a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTals. Tavi<strong>da</strong>n un<strong>da</strong> iqnes<br />

gamoyenebuli <strong>da</strong>kavebis alternatiuli RonisZieba, Tu ar arsebobs sakmarisi<br />

mtkicebulebebi saimisod, rom alternatiuli zomebis gamoyeneba ar iqneba<br />

efeqturi aRniSnuli piris mimarT.<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebi, romelTac ar gaaCniaT qveyanaSi kanonieri yofnis<br />

ufleba, un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>akavon mxolod yvela SesaZlo alternativis ganxilvis<br />

Semdeg. gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi <strong>da</strong>kavebis Sesaxeb ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis miRebisas<br />

xelisuflebam un<strong>da</strong> gansazRvros, <strong>da</strong>kaveba ramdenad misaRebia <strong>da</strong> ramdenad<br />

Seesabameba saboloo mizans. Tu <strong>da</strong>dgin<strong>da</strong> amis saWiroeba, <strong>da</strong>kavebas ar un<strong>da</strong><br />

hqondes diskriminaciuli xasiaTi <strong>da</strong> un<strong>da</strong> ganisazRvros drois minimaluri<br />

periodiT. TxovniT mimarTvis SemTxvevaSi, aseT saqmeebze gluks SeuZlia<br />

rCevis micema.<br />

samuSao jgufi ukanono <strong>da</strong>kavebis sakiTxze<br />

gaeros a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebaTa <strong>da</strong>cvis komisia 1985 wli<strong>da</strong>n swavlobs<br />

SemaSfoTeblad gavrcelebul ukanono <strong>da</strong>kavebis SemTxvevebs. man sakiTxis<br />

safuZvliani Seswavla <strong>da</strong> arsebuli problemebis aRmosafxvrelad<br />

rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebis wardgena mosTxova diskriminaciis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acilebisa <strong>da</strong><br />

umciresobaTa <strong>da</strong>cvis qve-komisias. <strong>da</strong>intereseba im garantiebiT, romliTac<br />

un<strong>da</strong> sargeblobdes yvela TavisuflebaSezRuduli piri, gamovlin<strong>da</strong> 1988<br />

wels, rodesac gaeros generalurma asambleam miiRo principTa krebuli yvela<br />

piris <strong>da</strong>sacavad nebismieri formis <strong>da</strong>kavebis an <strong>da</strong>patimrebisas. 1990 wels qvekomisiis<br />

mier zemoxsenebuli moxsenebiT gaTvaliswinebuli rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebis<br />

Sesrulebisas a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebaTa <strong>da</strong>cvis komisiam Seqmna samuSao jgufi<br />

ukanono <strong>da</strong>kavebis sakiTxze. mogvianebiT samuSao jgufma miiRo Semdegi<br />

principebi, romlebic aregulireben <strong>da</strong>patimrebasa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>kavebas:<br />

principi 1<br />

TavSesafris maZiebels an migrants, romelsac sazRvarze an qveyanaSi<br />

ukanonod Sesvlis SemTxvevaSi erovnuli teritoriis farglebs SigniT<br />

<strong>da</strong>sakiTxad akaveben, sul mcire, zepiri formiT, misTvis gasageb enaze un<strong>da</strong><br />

ecnobos im mizezebis Sesaxeb, Tu ratom <strong>da</strong> ris safuZelze eubnebian uars<br />

sazRvris ga<strong>da</strong>kveTaze an qveyanaSi droebiT cxovrebis uflebaze. yovelive<br />

es pirovnebisadmi pativiscemis gamoxatviT un<strong>da</strong> ganxorcieldes.<br />

24

principi 2<br />

nebismier TavSesafris maZiebels an migrants <strong>da</strong>kavebis periodSi un<strong>da</strong><br />

hqondes, garesamyarosTan urTierTobis SesaZlebloba, maT Soris telefoniT,<br />

faqsiT an eleqtronuli fostiT. un<strong>da</strong> mieces advokatTan, sakonsulos<br />

warmomadgenelTan <strong>da</strong> naTesavebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebis ufleba.<br />

principi 3<br />

nebismieri <strong>da</strong>patimrebuli TavSesafris maZiebeli an migranti <strong>da</strong>uyovnebliv<br />

un<strong>da</strong> wardges sasamarTlo an sxva xelisuflebis organos winaSe.<br />

principi 4<br />

nebismieri TavSesafris maZiebeli an migranti, <strong>da</strong>patimrebisas xels un<strong>da</strong><br />

awerdes reestrSi, romelic un<strong>da</strong> iyos <strong>da</strong>nomrili <strong>da</strong> akinZuli an Seicavdes<br />

identificirebis sxvagvar garantiebs; aseve masSi un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnebodes<br />

informacia <strong>da</strong>kavebis safuZvlebsa <strong>da</strong> xelisuflebis kompetenturi organos<br />

im gankargulebis Taobaze, romlis safuZvelzec mox<strong>da</strong> piris <strong>da</strong>kaveba, aseve<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavebisa <strong>da</strong> gaTavisuflebis dro <strong>da</strong> TariRi.<br />

principi 5<br />

nebismier TavSesafris maZiebels an imigrants sapyrobileSi moTavsebamde<br />

un<strong>da</strong> miewodos informacia Sinaganawesis, Sesabamisi disciplinaruli wesebis<br />

<strong>da</strong> izolirebul patimrobaSi SesaZlo moxvedris Sesaxeb; aseve im garantiebis<br />

Sesaxeb, rac Tan sdevs amgvar zomebs.<br />

principi 6<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba un<strong>da</strong> miiRos Sesabamisi uflebamosilebis <strong>da</strong> saTanado donis<br />

pasuxismgeblobis mqone saxelmwifo organom <strong>da</strong> un<strong>da</strong> efuZnebodes kanonis<br />

mier <strong>da</strong>dgenil samarTlianobis kriteriumebs.<br />

principi 7<br />

patimrobis vadis ze<strong>da</strong> zRvari <strong>da</strong>dgenili un<strong>da</strong> iyos kanoniT; <strong>da</strong>uSvebelia,<br />

patimrobis va<strong>da</strong> iyos SeuzRu<strong>da</strong>vi an uzomod xangrZlivi.<br />

principi 8<br />

TavSesafris maZiebls an migrants Tavisuflebis aRkveTis zomebis Sesaxeb<br />

uwyeba misTvis gasageb enaze werilobiTi formiT eZleva. dokumenti un<strong>da</strong><br />

asaxavdes miRebuli zomebis safuZvels; pirobebs, romelTa Tanaxma<strong>da</strong>c<br />

TavSesafris maZiebels an migrants SesaZlebloba aqvs mimarTos sasamarTlo<br />

xelisuflebas; igi droulad ga<strong>da</strong>wyvets miRebuli zomis kanonierebis<br />

sakiTxs <strong>da</strong> Tuki saWirod CaTvlis, gascems brZanebas piris gaTavisuflebis<br />

Taobaze.<br />

principi 9<br />

patimrobis vadis mox<strong>da</strong> xorcieldeba specialurad am miznisaTvis gankuTvnil<br />

saxelmwifo <strong>da</strong>wesebulebaSi; Tuki es praqtikulad SeuZlebelia, TavSesafris<br />

maZiebeli an migranti un<strong>da</strong> moTavsdes sisxlis samarTlebrivi <strong>da</strong>naSaulisaTvis<br />

braldebuli pirebisgan gancalkevebiT.<br />

principi 10<br />

sapatimroSi Sesvlis ufleba un<strong>da</strong> mieceT ltolvilTa umaRlesi komisris<br />

ofiss (gluki), wiTeli jvris saerTaSoriso komitets (ICRC) <strong>da</strong>, saWiroebis<br />

SemTxvevaSi, Sesabamisi uflebamosilebiT aRWurvil arasamTavrobo<br />

organizaciebs.<br />

25

a ufleba_movaleobebi gaaCniaT <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqoned cnobil<br />

pirebs?<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebebSi aris ramdenime fun<strong>da</strong>menturi ufleba, romlebic<br />

vrceldeba yvela pirze, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad maTi statusisa Tu konkretul iurisdiqciaSi<br />

yofnis saxisa. magaliTad, wamebis <strong>da</strong> diskriminaciis akrZalva. ra<br />

Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, 1954 wlis konvencia a<strong>da</strong>sturebs, rom misi debulebebi vrceldeba<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebze „rasis, religiisa Tu warmoSobis qveynis niSniT<br />

diskriminaciis gareSe.“ (muxli 3).<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone yvela piri valdebulia <strong>da</strong>emorCilos adgilsamyofeli<br />

qveynis kanonebs <strong>da</strong> wesebs (muxli 2). am valdebulebis gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />

konvenciis me-7(1) muxli adgens <strong>da</strong>cvis sawyis dones, romelic eniWeba <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

armqone pirs. kerZod, miuTiTebs, rom gar<strong>da</strong> im SemTxvevebisa,<br />

roca konvencia pir<strong>da</strong>pir Seicavs ufro SeRavaTian <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebas, „wevri<br />

saxelmwifo <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirs iseve eqceva, rogorc nebismier ucxoels<br />

zoga<strong>da</strong>d“.<br />

rac Seexeba 1954 wlis konvenciaSi CamoTvlil uflebaTa umetesobas, <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

armqone pirebisTvis ukidures SemTxvevaSi xelmisawvdomi un<strong>da</strong><br />

iyos yvelaferi is, rac garantirebulia ucxoelebisTvis; kerZod, igulisxmeba<br />

samuSaoze <strong>da</strong>qiraveba (muxlebi 17, 18 <strong>da</strong> 19), sajaro ganaTleba (muxli 22),<br />

<strong>da</strong>binaveba (muxli 21) <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>adgilebis Tavisufleba (muxli 26). sxva konkretuli<br />

uflebebisTvis wevri saxelmwifoebi maT teritoriaze kanonierad<br />

mcxovreb <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebs iseTive stan<strong>da</strong>rtul garemos uqmnian,<br />

rogorc sakuTar moqalaqeebs; konkretulad, aniWeben religiuri aRzrdis<br />

Tavisuflebis (muxli 4), saavtoro uflebebis <strong>da</strong> samrewvelo sakuTrebis<br />

(muxli 14), sasamarTlosadmi mimarTvis uflebis (muxli 16), saxelmwifo<br />

Semweobis (muxli 23), Sromis kanonmdeblobis <strong>da</strong> socialuri uzrunvelyofis<br />

(muxli 24) SesaZleblobas.<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqoned cnobil pirebs SeuZliaT Tu ara<br />

piradobis <strong>da</strong>ma<strong>da</strong>sturebeli mowmobis <strong>da</strong> samgzavro sabuTebis<br />

miReba ?<br />

konvenciis Tanaxmad, wevrma saxelmwifom un<strong>da</strong> gasces piradobis <strong>da</strong>ma<strong>da</strong>sturebeli<br />

mowmobebi mis teritoriaze mcxovreb nebismier <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone<br />

pirze, visac ar gaaCnia moqmedi samgzavro sabuTebi. 28-e muxli adgens, rom<br />

wevrma saxelmwifoebma un<strong>da</strong> gascen samgzavro sabuTebi maT teritoriaze<br />

kanonierad mcxovrebi <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebisTvis, Tu es ar ewinaaRmdegeba<br />

erovnuli usafrTxoebis <strong>da</strong> sajaro wesrigis interesebs.<br />

sabuTis gacema ar gulisxmobs <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miniWebas, ar cvlis piris statuss<br />

<strong>da</strong> ar aZlevs mas diplomatiuri <strong>da</strong>cviT sargeblobis uflebas.<br />

28-e muxlis meore nawili mouwodebs saxelmwifoebs gascen samgzavro<br />

sabuTebi maT teritoriaze mcxovreb nebismier <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirze<br />

im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu igi ukanonod imyofeba qveyanaSi. saxelmwifoebs eTxovaT<br />

ganexilaT konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli samgzavro dokumentebis gacema<br />

im <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTaTvis, vinc maT teritoriaze imyofeba <strong>da</strong> ar<br />

SeuZliaT am sabuTebis miReba TavianTi kanonieri sacxovrebeli qveynisgan.<br />

es debuleba gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, radgan <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone<br />

26

mraval pirs SesaZloa ar gaaCndes kanonieri sacxovrebeli qveyana. samgzavro<br />

dokumentebi axdens piris identificirebasac <strong>da</strong> amasTanave aZlevs mas sxva<br />

saxelmwifoSi Sesvlis SesaZleblobas.<br />

samgzavro sabuTebi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovan <strong>da</strong>xmarebas uwevs sxva<br />

qveynebSi saswavlo, samuSao, janmrTelobis gaumjobesebis Tu ga<strong>da</strong>saxlebis<br />

mizniT mogzaur <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebs. konvenciis <strong>da</strong>narTis Tanaxmad,<br />

saxelmwifoebi SeTanxmdnen cnon sxva wevri saxelmwifoebis mier gacemuli<br />

samgzavro dokumentebis qmedunarianoba. amgvari sabuTebis Sesaqmnelad gluks<br />

SeuZlia SesTavazos teqnikuri rCevebi.<br />

SeuZlia Tu ara saxelmwifos <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqoned cnobili<br />

piris qveyni<strong>da</strong>n gaZeveba?<br />

konvenciis pirobebis Tanaxmad, <strong>da</strong>uSvebelia qveyanaSi kanonierad mcxovrebi<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone piris gaZeveba, Tuki amas erovnuli usafrTxoebis <strong>da</strong><br />

sajaro wesrigis interesebis <strong>da</strong>cva ar moiTxovs. safuZvliani mizezebis arsebobis<br />

SemTxvevaSi, gaZeveba xdeba ”Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi procedurebis”<br />

<strong>da</strong>cviT. aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, cxadia, un<strong>da</strong> arsebobdes proceduruli garantiebi,<br />

rac uflebas miscems <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirs, waradginos mtkicebulebebi<br />

<strong>da</strong> uaryos nebismieri braldeba, isargeblos advokatis <strong>da</strong>xmarebiT<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>itovos ganaCenis gasaCivrebis ufleba.<br />

konvenciis saboloo aqti mianiSnebs, rom gaZevebis an iZulebiT <strong>da</strong>brunebis<br />

akrZalva (Non-Refoulement) sayovelTaod aRiarebuli principia. argaZevebis<br />

principi (piri ar <strong>da</strong>abrunon im teritoriaze, sa<strong>da</strong>c mas devnis safrTxe<br />

emuqreba) asaxulia mravali saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebis debulebebSi, maT<br />

Sorisaa ltolvilTa statusis Sesaxeb gaeros 1951 wlis konvenciis 33-e<br />

muxli, wamebisa <strong>da</strong> sxva sastiki, araa<strong>da</strong>mianuri an Rirsebis Semlaxavi mopyrobis<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>sjis winaaRmdeg konvenciis me_3 muxli, samoqalaqo <strong>da</strong> politikuri<br />

uflebebis saerTSoriso paqtis me_7 muxli <strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebaTa ramdenime<br />

regionuli dokumenti.<br />

mas Semdeg, rac gaZevebis akrZalva saerTaSoriso samarTlis principad<br />

iqna miRebuli, konvenciis avtorebma saWirod aRar CaTvales misi xazgasma<br />

im muxlebSi, romelic aregulirebs de iure <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebis<br />

statuss.<br />

qveyni<strong>da</strong>n gaZevebis Sesaxeb saboloo ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis miRebis SemTxvevaSi,<br />

konvencia sTxovs saxelmwifoebs, rom pirs mieces sakmarisi dro sxva qveyanaSi<br />

Sesvlis uflebis mosapoveblad.<br />

naturalizaciis ra tipis proceduraa xelmisawvdomi<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqoned cnobili pirebisTvis?<br />

konvenciis wevri saxelmwifoebs <strong>da</strong>evalaT xeli Seuwyon <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone<br />

pirTa asimilaciisa <strong>da</strong> naturalizaciis process (sityva „asimilacia“ aq<br />

gulisxmobs ara konkretuli piris identurobis <strong>da</strong>kargvas, aramed mis integracias<br />

qveynis ekonomikur, socialur <strong>da</strong> kulturul sivrceSi). kerZod,<br />

saxelmwifoebs moeTxovebaT, yvela Rone ixmaron, raTa <strong>da</strong>aCqaron naturalizaciis<br />

procesebi, maT Soris ga<strong>da</strong>saxadebisa <strong>da</strong> xarjebis SeZlebis<strong>da</strong>gvarad<br />

Semcirebac.<br />

27

timor-lestes indoneziisgan gamoyofisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>moukideblobis gamocxadebis<br />

Semdeg, indoneziaSi mcxovrebi yvela aRmosavleT timoreli arCevanis winaSe<br />

<strong>da</strong>dga: maT an indoneziis <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> un<strong>da</strong> SeenarCunebinaT, an timor-lestes<br />

<strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> mieRoT. am SemTxvevaSi isini SeZlebdnen indoneziaSi <strong>da</strong>rCenas<br />

rogorc ucxoelebi, moqmedi binadrobis nebarTviT.<br />

zogierTma qveyanam <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb kanonmdeblobaSi gaiTvaliswina<br />

ltolvilebis <strong>da</strong> <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqoneTa naturalizaciisTvis qveyanaSi<br />

kanonier safuZvelze yofnis Semcirebuli vadebi.<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb 1997 wlis evropuli konvencia (ECN) kidev ufro avi-<br />

Tarebs am rekomen<strong>da</strong>cias <strong>da</strong> moiTxovs, rom Si<strong>da</strong> kanonmdebloba Seicavdes<br />

wesebs, romelic saxelmwifos teritoriaze kanonierad <strong>da</strong> mudmivad mcxovreb<br />

ucxoelebs naturalizaciis procesis gavlis SesaZleblobas miscems.<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb evropuli konvencia <strong>da</strong>matebiT zRu<strong>da</strong>vs im moTxovnas,<br />

romelic naturalizaciaze ganacxadis Sesatanad qveyanasi 10-ze meti wlis<br />

cxovrebas saWiroebs. konvencia aseve mouwodebs saxelmwifoebs, ganixilon<br />

naturalizaciis swrafi procedurebis gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

armqone <strong>da</strong> ltolvilad aRiarebuli pirebisTvis.<br />

riTi aris mniSvnelovani konvenciis saboloo aqti?<br />

saboloo aqtis rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciiT, yoveli wevri saxelmwifo, Tuki aRiarebs<br />

im mizezebis <strong>da</strong>saSvebobas, romelTa gamoc pirma uari ganacxa<strong>da</strong> Tavisi<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> qveynis <strong>da</strong>cvaze, gagebiT moekideba am piris mimarT igive<br />

midgomis SemuSavebis SesaZleblobas, rac konvenciiT <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone<br />

pirTa mimarT aris <strong>da</strong>dgenili. aRniSnuli rekomen<strong>da</strong>cia miiRes im de faqto<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romelTac formalurad<br />

jer kidev SenarCunebuli aqvT <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>, magram ver sargebloben<br />

amiT, gansakuTrebiT ki Tavisi saxelmwifos <strong>da</strong>cviT.<br />

romelia <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa <strong>da</strong>cvis saukeTeso<br />

saSualeba?<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa <strong>da</strong>cvis yvelaze efeqturi saSualeba iseTi kanonmdeblobis<br />

Seqmnaa, romelic, upirveles yovlisa, gamoricxavs <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

uqonlobis warmoSobas (srulyofili ganxilvisTvis ixileT <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

armqoneTa ricxvis Semcirebis Sesaxeb 1961 wlis konvenciis mesame Tavi <strong>da</strong> is<br />

zomebi, romelTa miReba SeuZliaT saxelmwifoebs <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis<br />

SemTxvevebis Sesamcireblad an mTlianad aRmosafxvrelad).<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis problemis sabolood aRmofxvramde <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

armqoned aRiarebul a<strong>da</strong>mianebs esaWiroebaT <strong>da</strong>cva. <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone<br />

piris statusis Sesaxeb 1954 wlis konvenciasTan mierTeba, misi ganxorcieleba<br />

<strong>da</strong> ganaxlebuli kanonmdeblobis miReba mogvcems safuZvels vifiqroT, rom<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa uflebebi <strong>da</strong> movaleobebi <strong>da</strong>culi iqneba.<br />

rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, 1954 wlis konvencia arc piris <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>s cvlis<br />

<strong>da</strong> arc saxelmwifoebs avaldebulebs, sakuTar teritoriaze SeuSvan ara<br />

_ltolvili <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebi. 1954 wlis konvenciis debulebebis<br />

gamoyenebiT ver ga<strong>da</strong>wydeba <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miniWebis saWiroebis sakiTxi. ramdena<strong>da</strong>c<br />

es SesaZlebelia, saxelmwifoebma maT teritoriaze mcxovreb <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

armqone pirebs <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb kanomdeblobisa <strong>da</strong> praqtikis meSveobiT<br />

28

asamiliaciisa <strong>da</strong> naturalizaciis procesSi xeli un<strong>da</strong> Seuwyon. amas adgilobriv<br />

integracias uwodeben.<br />

2005 wels yirgizeTis <strong>da</strong> TurqmeneTis mTavrobebma <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> gamartivebuli<br />

wesiT miRebis ufleba mianiWes tajikuri warmoSobis <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone<br />

uamrav ltolvils, raTa maT TavSesafris qveyanaSi axali cxovrebis <strong>da</strong>wyebis<br />

SesaZlebloba miscemo<strong>da</strong>T.<br />

zogierT gamonaklis SemTxvevaSi SeuZlebelia <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebis<br />

iuridiuli statusis regulireba im qveyanaSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c isini cxovrobdnen.<br />

amdenad, am pirebis sxva qveyanaSi ga<strong>da</strong>saxleba marTebuli ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebaa.<br />

roca ga<strong>da</strong>saxlebis kriteriumebi ar vrceldeba <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis<br />

SemTxvevebze (ga<strong>da</strong>saxleba Cveulebriv ltolvilebisTvis gamoiyeneba), glukis<br />

aRmasrulebeli komitetis bolo dros SemuSavebuli rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciiT,<br />

saxelmwifoebma un<strong>da</strong> gaafarTovon arsebuli kriteriumebi <strong>da</strong> gaavrcelon<br />

isini <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebzec.<br />

№ 95 (2003) <strong>da</strong>skvnaSi aRmasrulebelma komitetma<br />

„mouwo<strong>da</strong> saxelmwifoebs, iTanamSromlon glukTan <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis<br />

problemebis mogvarebis meTodebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT <strong>da</strong> erTad<br />

imsjelon SesaZlo ga<strong>da</strong>saxlebis adgilebze, rodesac <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

armqone piris problemis ga<strong>da</strong>wyveta SeuZlebelia maspinZel qveyanaSi<br />

an yofil sacxovrebel qveyanaSi <strong>da</strong> gaurkveveli rCeba...“<br />

gluks SeuZlia konsultacia gauwios <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>exmaros saxelmwifoebs <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

armqone pirebis integraciis <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>saxlebis sakiTxebis mogvarebaSi.<br />

29

Tavi 3<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> arqonis mizezebis aRmofxvra<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> <strong>arqona</strong> SesaZloa mravalma mizezma gamoiwvios. qvemoT ganxilulia<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> arqonis ramdenime ZiriTadi mizezi <strong>da</strong> is praqtikuli<br />

RonisZiebebi, romlebic <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb kanonmdeblobis ganxilvisas<br />

un<strong>da</strong> gaiTvaliswinon saxelmwifoebma, am problemis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n asacileblad.<br />

teqnikuri mizezebi<br />

kanonTa Seusabamoba<br />

problemebi SesaZloa maSin wamoiWras, rodesac erTi saxelmwifos <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

Sesaxeb kanonmdebloba winaaRmdegobaSi modis meore saxelmwifos kanonebTan,<br />

ris Sedega<strong>da</strong>c piri orive saxelmwifos <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> gareSe rCeba. orive<br />

kanonmdebloba SesaZloa saTanadod iyos Sedgenili, magram problema maTi<br />

erTdrouli gamoyenebisas gaCndes. magaliTad, saxelmwifo A, sa<strong>da</strong>c <strong>da</strong>iba<strong>da</strong><br />

piri <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>s mxolod warmoSobis mixedviT aniWebs (jus sanguinis), magram am<br />

piris mSoblebi B saxelmwifos moqalaqeebi arian. meore mxriv, saxelmwifo B<br />

<strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>s <strong>da</strong>badebis adgilis mixedviT aniWebs (jus soli), magram piri saxelmwifo<br />

A-Si <strong>da</strong>iba<strong>da</strong>. amdenad, piri <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqoned iqceva.<br />

am problemis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n asacileblad:<br />

• rogorc 1930 wlis haagis konvenciaSia mocemuli, yoveli saxelmwifo<br />

sakuTari kanonmdeblobis mixedviT wyvets, Tu vin aris misi moqalaqe.<br />

sxva saxelmwifoebis mier aRiarebuli es kanoni un<strong>da</strong> Seesabamebodes<br />

saerTaSoriso konvenciebs, saerTaSoriso tradiciebsa <strong>da</strong> samarTlis im<br />

aRiarebul principebs, rac <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> sakiTxebs ukavSirdeba. aqe<strong>da</strong>n<br />

gamomdinare, saxelmwifoebi un<strong>da</strong> flobdnen <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb kanonmdeblobis<br />

ganaxlebul pakets <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>nergon is praqtikaSi <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

Sesaxeb kanonmdeblobebs Soris konfliqtis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acilebis mizniT.<br />

• <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqoneTa ricxvis Semcirebis Sesaxeb 1961 wlis konvencia<br />

acxadebs, rom <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> un<strong>da</strong> mieniWos:<br />

_ kanonis moqmedebiT, am saxelmwifos teritoriaze <strong>da</strong>badebul pirs<br />

<strong>da</strong>badebisTanave;<br />

_ kanonis moqmedebiT <strong>da</strong>dgenil asakSi am saxelmwifos teritoriaze<br />

<strong>da</strong>badebul pirs, erovnuli kanonmdeblobis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad;<br />

_ am saxelmwifos teritoriaze <strong>da</strong>badebuli piris mier ganacxadis<br />

wardgenis SemTxvevaSi (ganacxadis Setana SesaZlebelia, Tu arsebobs<br />

CamoTvlili<strong>da</strong>n erT_erTi an erTze meti piroba: <strong>da</strong>culia ganacxadis<br />

wardgenisaTvis <strong>da</strong>dgenili vadebi, <strong>da</strong>kmayofilebulia moTxovnebi sacxovrebeli<br />

adgilis mimarT, kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul garkveul sisxlis<br />

samarTlis <strong>da</strong>naSaulebze nasamarTlobis uqonloba <strong>da</strong>/an mtkicebuleba<br />

30

_<br />

_<br />

_<br />

_<br />

imis Taobaze, rom piri yovelTvis iyo <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone);<br />

<strong>da</strong>badebisTanave kanonier Svils, romlis de<strong>da</strong>sac aqvs im saxelmwifos<br />

<strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>, sa<strong>da</strong>c <strong>da</strong>iba<strong>da</strong> bavSvi;<br />

memkvidreobiT, pirs, romelic ver miiRebs im wevr saxelmwifos <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>s,<br />

romlis teritoriazec is <strong>da</strong>iba<strong>da</strong>, asakis an sacxovrebeli<br />

adgilis mimarT wamoyenebuli moTxovnebis gamo (ganacxadis Setana<br />

SesaZlebelia, Tu arsebobs CamoTvlili<strong>da</strong>n erT_erTi an erTze meti<br />

piroba: <strong>da</strong>culia ganacxadis wardgenisaTvis <strong>da</strong>dgenili vadebi, <strong>da</strong>kmayofilebulia<br />

moTxovnebi sacxovrebeli adgilis mimarT <strong>da</strong>/an mtkicebuleba<br />

imis Taobaze, rom piri yovelTvis iyo <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone);<br />

wevr saxelmwifos teritoriaze napovn bavSvebs;<br />

moqmedi kanonis Tanaxmad, piris <strong>da</strong>badebisTanave (<strong>da</strong>badebis adgilis<br />

miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad), Tu erT-erT mSobeli wevri saxelmwifos moqalaqe iyo<br />

bavSvis <strong>da</strong>badebis momentSi;<br />

_ erovnuli kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, im piris mier ganacxadis wardgenis<br />

SemTxvevaSi, romelic Tumca ar aris <strong>da</strong>badebuli mocemuli saxelmwifos<br />

teritoriaze, magram <strong>da</strong>badebis droisaTvis misi erT_erTi mSobeli wevri<br />

saxelmwifos moqalaqe iyo (ganacxadis Setana SesaZlebelia, Tu arsebobs<br />

CamoTvlili<strong>da</strong>n erT_erTi an erTze meti piroba: <strong>da</strong>culia ganacxadis<br />

wardgenisaTvis <strong>da</strong>dgenili vadebi, <strong>da</strong>kmayofilebulia moTxovnebi sacxovrebeli<br />

adgilis mimarT, erovnuli usafrTxoebis winaaRmdeg mimarTul<br />

<strong>da</strong>naSaulze nasamarTlobis uqonloba <strong>da</strong>/an mtkicebuleba imis Taobaze,<br />

rom piri yovelTvis iyo <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone).<br />

• saxelmwifoTa umetesoba jus soli <strong>da</strong> jus sanguinis principebs aerTianebs<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb kanonmdeblobaSi, raTa gansazRvros moqalaqeTa<br />

ZiriTadi jgufi saxelmwifoSi <strong>da</strong> rogor xdeba <strong>da</strong>badebisTanave <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

miniWeba. saxelmwifoebma, romelTaTvisac miuRebelia ormagi<br />

<strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>, un<strong>da</strong> uzrunvelyon, rom garkveul asaks miRweulma pirma an<br />

misma mSoblebma gaakeTon arCevani.<br />

<strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>ze uaris TqmasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebul kanonTa<br />

Seusabamoba<br />

zogierTi saxelmwifos kanonmdebloba <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb uflebas aZlevs<br />

pirebs, uari ganacxadon <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>ze sxva saxelmwifos <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

miRebamde an amis garantiis Seqmnamde. amas xSirad <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> <strong>arqona</strong>mde<br />

mivyavarT. am sakiTxTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT kanonTa Seusabamoba SesaZloa maSin warmoiSvas,<br />

rodesac erTi saxelmwifo pirs <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>ze uaris Tqmis uflebas<br />

ar aZlevs saqmeSi CarTuli meore saxelmwifos <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miRebamde, es ukanaskneli<br />

ki <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>s ar aZlevs pirs pirvelis <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uaryofamde.<br />

zogjer SesaZloa pirs mosTxovon miRebul <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>ze uaris Tqma, raTa<br />

SeZlos misi adgilsamyofeli saxelmwifos <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>ze Seitanos ganacxadi;<br />

amis gamo axali <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miRebamde piri <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone xdeba.<br />

am problemis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n asacileblad:<br />

• 1961 wlis konvenciis Tanaxmad, <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> <strong>da</strong>kargvis an masze uaris<br />

Tqmis winapiroba un<strong>da</strong> iyos sxva qveynis <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miReba an misi miRebis<br />

31

garantia. gamonaklisis <strong>da</strong>Sveba SesaZlebelia mxolod naturalizebuli<br />

piris SemTxvevaSi, romelic miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad formalobis <strong>da</strong> drois SezRudvis<br />

Setyobinebisa, garkveuli wlebis manZilze sazRvargareT cxovrobs <strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> SenarCunebis survilis Sesaxeb Setyobinebas ver axerxebs.<br />

aseT SemTxvevaSi naturalizebuli piri gaxlavT is, vinc <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong><br />

wevr saxelmwifosadmi wardgenili ganacxadis safuZvelze miiRo <strong>da</strong> am<br />

ukanasknels SeeZlo uari eTqva ganacxadis <strong>da</strong>kmayofilebaze. <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>kargva SesaZloa moxdes mxolod kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi<br />

<strong>da</strong> Tan axldes sruli procesualuri garantiebi, rogoricaa sasamarTlos an<br />

sxva <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli organos mier saqmis samarTlian ganxilvis ufleba.<br />

• <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb kanonmdeblobam un<strong>da</strong> uzrunvelyos, rom arc erTma<br />

pirma ar ganacxados uari <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>ze sxva saxelmwifos <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

miRebis an Sesabamisi organoebis mxri<strong>da</strong>n <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miniWebis oficialuri<br />

<strong>da</strong> werilobiTi garantiebis miRebamde.<br />

• zogierTma saxelmwifom SemoiRo debulebebi, romlebic <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

xelmeored miRebis nebas iZlevian im SemTxvevaSi, Tu piri kargavs an ar<br />

Rebulobs sxva qveynis <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>s.<br />

• im saxelmwifoebSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c akrZalulia ormagi <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> an mraval<strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>,<br />

kanonmdeblobam un<strong>da</strong> uzrunvelyos, rom ar arsebobdes <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>ze<br />

uaris Tqmis an misi <strong>da</strong>kargvis moTxovna, rogorc <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

miRebis an SenarCunebis winapiroba, rodesac <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>ze uaris<br />

Tqma an misi <strong>da</strong>kargva SeuZlebelia. magaliTad, ltolvilebisgan ar un<strong>da</strong><br />

moiTxovon warmoSobis qveyanaSi <strong>da</strong>bruneba an am qveynis xelisuflebasTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSireba <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>ze uaris Tqmis mizniT.<br />

warmatebuli gamocdileba: ukraina<br />

1944 wels faSistur SeiraRebul ZalebTan TanamSromlobis braldebiT<br />

200,000-ze meti TaTari ga<strong>da</strong>asaxles yirimi<strong>da</strong>n sabWoTa kavSiris socialisturi<br />

respublikebis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva regionSi. umetesoba uzbekeTis socilistur<br />

respublikaSi moxv<strong>da</strong>. ori aTwleulis Semdeg sabWoTa kavSiris umaRlesi<br />

sabWos mdivanma gamoacxa<strong>da</strong>, rom yirimeli TaTrebis winaaRmdeg wamoyenebuli<br />

braldebebi usafuZvlo iyo <strong>da</strong> maT SeeZloT ecxovraT sabWoTa kavSiris<br />

nebismier teritoriaze, yirimis naxevarkunZulis CaTvliT.<br />

Tumca is TaTrebi, romelTac yirimSi <strong>da</strong>bruneba ga<strong>da</strong>wyvites, problemebis<br />

winaSe aRmoCndnen registraciis, <strong>da</strong>saqmebis, miwisa <strong>da</strong> gansaxlebis<br />

sakiTxebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT. 1987 wels sabWoTa kavSiris ministrTa sabWom<br />

miiRo <strong>da</strong>dgenileba, romelic krZalav<strong>da</strong> yirimeli TaTrebis repatriacias<br />

naxevarkunZulis Si<strong>da</strong> rva raionSi, raTa Tavi<strong>da</strong>n aecilebinaT maTi <strong>da</strong>bruneba<br />

uwindel sacxovrebel adgilebze, gacilebiT nayofier <strong>da</strong> ganviTarebul<br />

samxreT sanapiroze. ori wlis Semdeg, rac umaRlesma sabWom „arakanonierad<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>naSaulebrivad“ gamoacxa<strong>da</strong> „iZulebiT deportirebuli a<strong>da</strong>mianebisaTvis“<br />

uflebebis CamorTmeva, yirimSi masiuri <strong>da</strong>bruneba <strong>da</strong>iwyo.<br />

1991 wels sabWoTa kavSiris <strong>da</strong>Slis Sedegad moulodnelad warmoiSva<br />

politikuri <strong>da</strong> samarTlebrivi problemebi saxelmwifos samarTalmemkvidreobis,<br />

teritoriuli sazRvrebis ga<strong>da</strong>nawilebis <strong>da</strong> <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Taobaze.<br />

ukraina, romlis SemadgenlobaSic dReisaTvis yirimic Sedis, yofili ukrainis<br />

socialisturi respublikis memkvidre gax<strong>da</strong>. qveynis <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb<br />

pirveli kanonis (1991 weli) Tanaxmad, pirebi, vinc yofili sabWoTa kavSiris<br />

32

moqalaqeebi iyvnen <strong>da</strong> mudmivad cxovrobdnen ukrainis teritoriaze yirimis<br />

CaTvliT, 1991 wlis 24 agvistos <strong>da</strong>moukideblobis gamocxadebis Semdeg<br />

avtomaturad (ex lege) gaxdnen ukrainis moqalaqeebi ganurCevlad warmoSobisa,<br />

socialuri statusisa, rasisa, <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong>a, sqesisa, ganaTlebisa, mSobliuri<br />

enisa, politikuri Sexedulebisa Tu religiisa. avtomaturad ukrainis<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miReba am pirebs ar SeeZloT, mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu isini<br />

sxva qveynis moqalaqeebi iyvnen an ar hqon<strong>da</strong>T survili mieRoT ukrainis<br />

<strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>. im pirebma, romelTac registrirebuli hqon<strong>da</strong>T kanonieri<br />

sacxovrebeli adgili ukrainaSi <strong>da</strong>moukideblobis gamocxadebisa <strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb kanonis ZalaSi Sesvli<strong>da</strong>n sami Tvis Semdeg, avtomaturad<br />

miiRes ukrainis <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>. am debulebis safuZvelze 150,000 yirimelma<br />

TaTarma ukrainis <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> miiRo.<br />

Catarebuli gamokvlevebis Tanaxmad, 108,000 yirimeli TaTari, romlebic<br />

ukrainaSi <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb kanonis 1991 wlis noemberSi ZalaSi Sesvlis<br />

Semdeg <strong>da</strong>brundnen, <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miRebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT axali problemis<br />

winaSe <strong>da</strong>dgnen. 28,000 a<strong>da</strong>miani, romlebmac sxva qveynebSi Tavisi mudmivi<br />

cxovrebis ufleba gaauqmes am qveynebis <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb kanonis ZalaSi<br />

Sesvlamde, de iure <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqoned iqcnen. kidev 80,000 a<strong>da</strong>miani,<br />

romlebmac yofil sacxovrebel qveyanaSi registracia SeinarCunes im<br />

droisTvis, roca ZalaSi Sevi<strong>da</strong> kanoni <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb, am saxelmwifos<br />

de iure moqalaqed iqcnen. Sedegad, maT avtomaturad ar mieniWaT ukrainis<br />

<strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>. miuxedevad imisa, rom maT SesTavazes ukrainis <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

miReba individualuri proceduris gavliT, ukan <strong>da</strong>brunebulTa umravlesoba,<br />

vinc imedovneb<strong>da</strong> ukrainis <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miRebas, ver akmayofileb<strong>da</strong><br />

proceduris mkacr moTxovnebs, romelic moicav<strong>da</strong> ukrainaSi xuTwlian<br />

cxovrebas, sakmarisi Semosavlis arsebobas <strong>da</strong> ukrainuli enis codnas.<br />

glukma, evropis uSiSroebisa <strong>da</strong> TanamSromlobis organizaciam (euTo) <strong>da</strong><br />

evrosabWom problemebis mosagvareblad ukrainis mTavrobas <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

Sesaxeb kanonmdeblobis Secvlisaken mouwo<strong>da</strong>. glukma ukrainis sapasporto<br />

<strong>da</strong> naturalizaciis samsaxurs sawvrTneli <strong>da</strong> teqnikuri <strong>da</strong>xmareba SesTavaza<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Temaze media-kampania moawyo. glukis xelmZRvanelobiT<br />

adgilobrivma arasamTavrobo organizaciebma ukrainis <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

msurvelebs iuridiuli konsultaciebi gauwies <strong>da</strong> ukrainis saxelmwifo<br />

organoebTan samarTlebriv urTierTobebSi maTi warmomaadgenloba<br />

ikisres.<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis SemTxvevebis Semcirebis <strong>da</strong> sabolood Tavi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

acilebis mizniT ukrainis mTavrobam, glukTan konsultaciebis Sedegad,<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb qveynis kanonmdeblobis arsebobis aTi wlis manZilze<br />

masSi Svidjer Seitana cvlileba. 1997 wlis maisSi gauqm<strong>da</strong> ganmcxadeblebisgan<br />

enis codnis <strong>da</strong> Semosavlis qonis moTxovna, xolo yofili deportirebuli<br />

pirebis STamomavlobas maTi winaprebis yirimuli warmoSobis safuZvelze<br />

ukrainis <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miRebis ufleba miecaT. am <strong>da</strong>debiTma cvlilebebma<br />

qveyanaSi de iure <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone 28,000 <strong>da</strong>brunebuli pirisTvis<br />

ukrainis <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miReba SesaZlebeli gaxa<strong>da</strong>.<br />

sanam aRniSnuli cvlilebebi <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa problemebis<br />

mogvarebis mizniT grZel gzas gadio<strong>da</strong>, ukrainis <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> misaRebad sxva<br />

sirTuleebi, maT Soris qveynis konstituciuri akrZalva ormag <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>ze,<br />

kvlavac ga<strong>da</strong>salaxi <strong>da</strong>rCa. magaliTad, pirebs, romlebsac yirimSi <strong>da</strong>brunebamde<br />

uzbekeTis de iure <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> hqon<strong>da</strong>T, ukrainis <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> misaRebad<br />

oficialuri uari un<strong>da</strong> eTqvaT uzbekeTis <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>ze. Tumca uzbekeTis<br />

<strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>ze uarisTvis saWiro iyo 100 aSS dolaris ga<strong>da</strong>x<strong>da</strong>, kievSi<br />

uzbekeTis saelCoSi misvla <strong>da</strong> administraciuli procedura, romelic xSirad<br />

erT welze metxans grZeldebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

33

gluki <strong>da</strong> euTo or qveyanas Soris molaparakebebs Suamavlob<strong>da</strong>, rac ormxrivi<br />

SeTanxmebiT <strong>da</strong>srul<strong>da</strong>. SeTanxmeba <strong>da</strong>ido 1998 wels, igi <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Secvlis<br />

procedurebs amartiveb<strong>da</strong>. uzbekeTi <strong>da</strong>Tanxm<strong>da</strong>, gaeuqmebina <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>ze<br />

uarisTvis <strong>da</strong>wesebuli ga<strong>da</strong>saxadi <strong>da</strong> ufleba misca ukrainis Sinagan saqmeTa<br />

saministros sapasporto ganyofilebebs, SeegrovebinaT <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>ze uaris<br />

ganacxadebi <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>ecaT isini uzbekeTis xelisuflebisTvis. glukis mier<br />

wamoWrili problemebis sapasuxod miiRes iseTi administraciuli procedura,<br />

rodesac ukrainis <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miniWeba <strong>da</strong> uzbekeTis <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>ze uari<br />

erTmaneTTan SeTanxmebulad xdeba, rac <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqoned gaxdomis<br />

Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acilebis saSualebas iZleva. sami wlis ganmavlobaSi, vidre es<br />

ormxrivi SeTanxmeba moqmedeb<strong>da</strong>, uzbekeTi<strong>da</strong>n 80 000-mde <strong>da</strong>brunebuls<br />

ukrainis <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> mieniWa. mogvianebiT analogiuri ormxrivi SeTanxmebebi<br />

ukrainam <strong>da</strong>do belorusiasTan (1999 w.), yazaxeTTan (2000 w.), tajikeTTan<br />

(2001 w.) <strong>da</strong> yirgizeTis respublikasTan (2003 w.).<br />

2001 wlis ianvarSi ukrainis parlamentma <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb axali<br />

kanoni miiRo, romelmac kidev ufro didi adgili <strong>da</strong>uTmo <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

uqonlobis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acilebis sakiTxs. sxva debulebebTan erTad, kanoni,<br />

romelSic 2005 wels cvlilebebi Sevi<strong>da</strong>, ganmcxadeblebs uflebas aZlevs<br />

sxva qveynis <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>ze uari ganacxadon ukrainis <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miRebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

1 wlis manZilze; kanoni ar Txoulobs formaluri uaris Tqmas, Tu amasTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli xarjebi ukrainaSi minimalur Tviur xelfass aWarbebs.<br />

kanonmdebloba <strong>da</strong> gamocdileba bavSvebis Sesaxeb<br />

samoqalaqo <strong>da</strong> politikur uflebaTa saerTaSoriso paqtisa (ICCPR) <strong>da</strong> bavSvis<br />

uflebaTa konvenciis (CRC) Tanaxmad, yvela bavSvi, <strong>da</strong>badebis adgilis miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad,<br />

registrirebuli un<strong>da</strong> iyos <strong>da</strong>badebisTanave; yvela bavSvs aqvs <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

miRebis ufleba; bavSvis <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> sakiTxi wydeba Sesabamisi saxelmwifos<br />

kanonmdeblobis safuZvelze <strong>da</strong> yvela saxelmwifo moiTxovs monacemebs,<br />

Tu sad <strong>da</strong>iba<strong>da</strong> bavSvi <strong>da</strong> vin arian misi mSoblebi. <strong>da</strong>badebis <strong>da</strong>mamtkicebeli<br />

sabuTis, anu <strong>da</strong>badebis registraciis cnobis gareSe TiTqmis SeuZlebelia<br />

bavSvis vinaobis <strong>da</strong>dgena <strong>da</strong>, Sesabamisad, <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miRebac.<br />

am problemis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n asacileblad:<br />

• saxelmwifoebma yvela saWiro resursi un<strong>da</strong> miawodon Sesabamis adgilobriv<br />

administracias imis uzrunvelsayofad, rom <strong>da</strong>badebis registracia<br />

xorcieldebodes sistematurad bavSvis uflebaTa <strong>da</strong>cvis konvenciis (CRC)<br />

me-7 muxlisa <strong>da</strong> samoqalaqo <strong>da</strong> politikur uflebaTa saerTaSoriso paqtis<br />

(ICCPR) 24-e muxlis Tanaxmad.<br />

• bavSvis <strong>da</strong>badebis registrirebisas saxelmwifoebma un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>adginon sa<strong>da</strong>vo<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> SemTxvevebi <strong>da</strong> mianiWon bavSvs <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>, Tu igi sxva<br />

SemTxvevaSi <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone piri gaxdeba. erovnuli kanonmdebloba<br />

konvenciasTan SeerTebis Semdeg un<strong>da</strong> Seicavdes <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone<br />

pirTa raodenobis Semcirebis Sesaxeb 1961 wlis konvenciis Sesabamis<br />

debulebebs. es <strong>da</strong>dgenilebebi un<strong>da</strong> Sediodes Si<strong>da</strong> kanonmdeblobaSi im<br />

SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu saxelmwifo ar aris 1961 wlis konvenciis wevri.<br />

• <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb kanonmdebloba un<strong>da</strong> Seicavdes debulebebs im qveynis<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miRebis Sesaxeb, romelSic <strong>da</strong>iba<strong>da</strong> bavSvi. es Tavi<strong>da</strong>n agvacilebs<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobas im SemTxvevebSi, Tu bavSvis <strong>da</strong>badebis<br />

34

dros <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> gansazRvrisas <strong>da</strong>Svebulia Secdoma.<br />

• <strong>da</strong>qorwinebuli mSoblebis Svilebs erovnuli kanonmdebloba <strong>da</strong>badebisTanave<br />

aniWebs <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uflebas. SeZlebis<strong>da</strong>gvarad, amgvarive<br />

uflebiT un<strong>da</strong> sargeblobdnen ukanonod (qorwinebis gareSe) <strong>da</strong>badebuli<br />

bavSvebic.<br />

bevr qveyanaSi qalebs ar aqvT ufleba sakuTari <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>scen Svilebs<br />

maSinac ki, roca bavSvi ibadeba im qveyanaSi, romlis moqalaqea de<strong>da</strong>, xolo<br />

mamas saerTod ar aqvs <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>. am SemTxvevaSi bavSvi <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

armqone piria.<br />

am problemis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n asacileblad:<br />

• gaTxovil qalTa <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb 1957 wlis konvenciisa <strong>da</strong> qalTa<br />

diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb 1979 wlis konvenciis<br />

Tanaxmad, qals <strong>da</strong> mamakacs un<strong>da</strong> gaaCndeT Tanabari uflebebi Svilebis<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> gansazRvrisas. am principebis gamoyeneba Tavi<strong>da</strong>n agvacilebs<br />

rogorc qalTa diskriminacias, aseve imis saSiSroebas, rom bavSvi<br />

memkvidreobiT miiRebs <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone piris statuss mamisagan,<br />

Tu es ukanaskneli <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqonea.<br />

• saxelmwifoebma sakuTar erovnul kanonmdeblobaSi un<strong>da</strong> Seitanon Sesabamisi<br />

debulebebi sqesobrivi niSniT arsebuli diskriminaciis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

asacileblad <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miniWebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT.<br />

obol <strong>da</strong> mitovebul bavSvebs xSir SemTxvevebSi ar gaaCniaT <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>sturebuli<br />

<strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>. ukanonod <strong>da</strong>badebul bavSvebsac SesaZlebelia garkveuli sirTuleebi<br />

SeeqmnaT <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miRebisas.<br />

am problemis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n asacileblad:<br />

• saxelmwifos teritoriaze napovn bavSvebs un<strong>da</strong> mieniWoT am saxelmwifos<br />

<strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>. es principi <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>sturebulia rogorc <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>sTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebul saerTaSoriso dokumentebSi, ise bevri saxelmwifos kanonmdeblobaSi<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb.<br />

• bavSvis <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> gansazRvrisas, upirveles yovlisa, gasaTvaliswinebelia<br />

bavSvis interesebi.<br />

zogierTi qveynis Svilad ayvanis praqtikas xSirad <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobamde<br />

mivyavarT, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu, magaliTad, bavSvs ar SeuZlia miiRos mSvilebeli<br />

mSoblebis <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>. 1967 wlis evropuli konvencia Svilad ayvanis<br />

Sesaxeb mouwodebs saxelmwifoebs gaamartivon maTi moqalaqeebis mier Svilad<br />

ayvanili bavSvebisaTvis <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miniWebis procedura.<br />

am problemebis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n asacileblad:<br />

• saxelmwifoebma TavianT kanonmdeblobaSi un<strong>da</strong> miuTiTon, rom saerTa-<br />

Soriso samarTlis Tanaxmad, sazRvargareT ganxorcielebuli Svilad<br />

ayvana aRiarebulia Si<strong>da</strong> kanonmdeblobiT.<br />

administraciuli praqtika<br />

arsebobs uamravi administraciuli <strong>da</strong> proceduruli sakiTxi <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

miRebasTan, aRdgenasa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>kargvasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac<br />

35

piri eqvemdebareba <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miRebas _ maSinac, ki, rodesac is moaxerxebs<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>ze waradgens gancxadebas _ ga<strong>da</strong>Warbebulma administraciulma<br />

xarjebma, droSi gaWianurebam <strong>da</strong>/an savaldebulo dokumentebis wardgenis<br />

SeuZleblobam imis gamo, rom sabuTebi kvlav yofili <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> qveynis<br />

sakuTrebaSia, SesaZloa xeli SeuSalos mas <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miRebaSi.<br />

am problemis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n asacileblad:<br />

• <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miRebis, SeCerebis, <strong>da</strong>kargvis, aRdgenis an <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>sturebis<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli ganacxadebi ganxilul un<strong>da</strong> iqnas gonivrul va<strong>da</strong>Si.<br />

• <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miRebis an <strong>da</strong>kargvis avtomaturi registraciisas ( ex lege),<br />

maT Soris im SemTxvevebSic, roca saqme gvaqvs kanonieri <strong>da</strong> mudmivi<br />

macxovreblebisaTvis saxelmwifos samarTalmemkvidreobasTan, ar un<strong>da</strong><br />

arsebobdes werilobiTi Cvenebis wardgenis moTxovna, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa,<br />

rom zoga<strong>da</strong>d saxelmwifoebs urCeven, Seinaxon <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb<br />

miRebuli ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebis Canawerebi.<br />

• <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miRebis, SeCerebis, <strong>da</strong>kargvis, aRdgenis <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>sturebis<br />

procesebTanTan an maTTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli administraciuli <strong>da</strong> iuridiuli<br />

gaxilvebisaTvis gankuTvnili ga<strong>da</strong>saxadebi un<strong>da</strong> iyos misaRebi.<br />

kanonebi <strong>da</strong> praqtika qalTa sakiTxebze<br />

zogierTi saxelmwifo avtomaturad ucvlis qals moqalaqebriv statuss,<br />

rodesac igi sxva qveynis moqalaqes mihyveba colad. Sedegad, qali SesaZlebelia<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirad iqces, Tu igi avtomaturad ar miiRebs<br />

meuRlis <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>s an Tu mis meuRles ar aqvs <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>.<br />

qali SeiZleba iqces <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirad, Tu meuRlis <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

miRebis Semdeg qorwineba <strong>da</strong>irRveva, igi <strong>da</strong>kargavs qorwinebis Sedegad miRebul<br />

<strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>s, xolo misi pirveladi <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> ar iqneba avtomaturad<br />

aRdgenili.<br />

am problemebis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n asacileblad:<br />

• gaTxovil qalTa <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb 1957 wlis konvencia <strong>da</strong> qalis diskriminaciis<br />

yvela formis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb 1979 wlis konvencia, cdiloben<br />

qals mianiWon mamakacis Tanabari uflebebi mis mier <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

SeZenis, Secvlis <strong>da</strong> SenarCunebis dros. konvenciebSi mocemuli principebis<br />

Tanaxmad, qmris <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> ar un<strong>da</strong> iwvevdes colis <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

avtomatur Secvlas, ar aqcevdes mas <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirad <strong>da</strong> ar<br />

aiZulebdes qmris <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miRebas.<br />

• im saxelmwifoebma, romlebSic qalebs ar gaaCniaT mamakacebis Tanaswori<br />

uflebebi <strong>da</strong>, SesaZloa, avtomaturad <strong>da</strong>kargon <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> gaTxovebisas<br />

an amis gamo uwevT TavianT <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>ze uaris Tqma, sakuTar kanonmdeblobaSi<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb un<strong>da</strong> Seitanon debulebebi, romelTa ZaliT<br />

ojaxis <strong>da</strong>Slis SemTxvevaSi qalebs ufleba mecemaT, martivi ganacxadis<br />

safuZvelze avtomaturad <strong>da</strong>ibrunon yofili <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>.<br />

36

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> avtomaturi <strong>da</strong>kargva<br />

zogierTi saxelmwifo avtomaturad auqmebs im piris <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>s, romelmac<br />

<strong>da</strong>tova sakuTari qveyana an cxovrobs sazRvargareT. <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> gauqmeba,<br />

romelic SesaZloa moxdes piris qveyni<strong>da</strong>n gamgzavrebi<strong>da</strong>n ramdenime TveSi,<br />

xSirad <strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia mankier administraciul praqtikasTan, roca ar<br />

afrTxileben pirs <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> <strong>da</strong>kargvis riskis Taobaze im SemTxvevaSi, Tu<br />

is regularulad ar <strong>da</strong>registrirdeba sakuTari qveynis Sesabamis organoSi.<br />

Tu piri naturalizirebuli moqalaqea <strong>da</strong> ara am saxelmwifoSi <strong>da</strong>badebuli an<br />

memkvidreobiT <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> mqone, misTvis, SesaZloa, regularuli registraciac<br />

ki arasakmarisi aRmoCndes <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> SesanarCuneblad. <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

<strong>arqona</strong> xSirad swored am praqtikis pir<strong>da</strong>piri Sedegia.<br />

am problemis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n asacileblad:<br />

• <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa raodenobis Semcirebis Sesaxeb 1961 wlis konvenciis<br />

me-7 (3) muxli adgens, rom pirma ar un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>kargos <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> <strong>da</strong>,<br />

Sesabamisad, ar gaxdes <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone piri qveyni<strong>da</strong>n gamgzavrebis<br />

<strong>da</strong> sazRvargareT cxovrebis gamo, Tuki man raime mizeziT registracia<br />

ver gaiara an sxva msgavsi problema Seeqmna. konvencia am principi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

gamonakliss uSvebs mxolod naturalizirebuli moqalaqeebisTvis,<br />

romelnic sazRvargareT cxovroben uwyvetad Svidi weli. am pirebma<br />

TavianTi survili <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> SenarCunebis Sesaxeb un<strong>da</strong> ganucxadon<br />

Sesabamis organoebs. saxelmwifoebma ki, Tavis mxriv, sakonsulo samsaxurebis<br />

saSualebiT adekvaturad un<strong>da</strong> Seatyobinon naturalizirebul<br />

moqalaqeebs am politikis Sesaxeb rogorc qveynis sazRvrebs SigniT, ise<br />

sazaRvrebs gareT.<br />

• Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT axali samarTlebrivi instrumentebi, rogoricaa, magaliTad,<br />

evropis konvencia <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb, uflebas ar aZlevs saxelmwifoebs<br />

<strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> CamoarTvan pirs mxolod imitom, rom igi mudmivad cxovrobs<br />

sazRvargareT, Tu am qmedebis Sedegad es pirovneba <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

armqone piri gaxdeba.<br />

saxelmwifoebis samarTalmemkvidreobasTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli mizezebi<br />

teritoriis an suverenitetis ga<strong>da</strong>cema<br />

miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom konkretuli saerTaSoriso dokumentebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>dgenilebebi<br />

nawilobriv Seexeba teritoriis an suverenitetis ga<strong>da</strong>cemas, es movlenebi<br />

didi xania iwveven <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> <strong>arqona</strong>s. cxadia, erovnuli kanonebi <strong>da</strong><br />

praqtika icvleba, rodesac saxelmwifo ganicdis absolutur teritoriul an<br />

suverenitetul cvlilebebs; rodesac saxelmwifo Tavs <strong>da</strong>aRwevs koloniur<br />

mdgomareobas an moipovebs <strong>da</strong>moukideblobas romelime saxelmwifos <strong>da</strong>Slis<br />

Semdeg, Tu axali saxelmwifo an saxelmwifoebi <strong>da</strong>Slili saxelmwifos samarTalmemkvidreebi<br />

arian an Tu mosalodnelia saxelmwifos kvlav aRdgena<br />

misi <strong>da</strong>Slis Semdeg, aRniSnulma movlenebma SesaZloa <strong>da</strong>sabami miscen axali<br />

kanonebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>dgenilebebis <strong>da</strong>/an axali administraciuli procedurebis<br />

37

miRebas. a<strong>da</strong>mianebi SesaZloa <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebad iqcnen zemoT<br />

moyvanil SemTxvevebSi, Tu isini ver moaxerxeben <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miRebas axali<br />

kanonmdeblobis/<strong>da</strong>dgenilebebis an administraciuli procedurebis Tanaxmad,<br />

an Tu maT uars eubnebian <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>ze manamde arsebuli kanonebisa <strong>da</strong><br />

praqtikis axleburad gaazrebis gamo.<br />

am problemebis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n asacileblad:<br />

• <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa ricxvis Semcirebis Sesaxeb 1961 wlis konvenciis<br />

me-10 muxlis Tanaxmad, wevrma saxelmwifoebma un<strong>da</strong> uzrunvelyon,<br />

rom <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> arqonis SemTxvevebi ar warmoiqmnen teritoriis ga<strong>da</strong>cemis<br />

Sedegad. saxelmwifoebma xeli un<strong>da</strong> moaweron ormxriv an mravalmxriv<br />

xelSekrulebebs, romelnic Seicaven imis <strong>da</strong>ma<strong>da</strong>sturebel <strong>da</strong>dgenilebebs,<br />

rom pirovneba <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirad ar iqceva amgvari cvlilebis<br />

Sedegad. Tuki xelSekruleba ar aris <strong>da</strong>debuli, Sesabamisma saxelmwifoebma<br />

<strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> un<strong>da</strong> mianiWon maT, vinc sxva SemTxvevaSi <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

armqone pirad CaiTvleba.<br />

• sazogadod, mosaxleoba <strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia teritoriasTan, Tumca zogierTi<br />

saerTaSoriso xelSekruleba, konstituciuri <strong>da</strong>dgenileba <strong>da</strong> kanonmdebloba<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb gvTavazobs samarTalmemkvidre saxelmwifoebis<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> arCevas.<br />

• saxelmwifoebis samarTalmemkvidreobasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli xelSekrulebebi<br />

SesaZloa Seicavdes pirobebs, romlebSic yuradReba gamaxvilebuli<br />

iqneba <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> sakiTxSi saxelmwifoTa <strong>da</strong>Slis an gamoyofis<br />

gavlenaze.<br />

• saxelmwifoebis samarTalmemkvidreobasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

Sesaxeb kanonmdeblobis kodificirebisa <strong>da</strong> ganviTarebis saWiroebis pasuxad<br />

gaeros saerTaSoriso samarTlis komisiam (ILC) moamza<strong>da</strong> am sakiTxTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli muxlebis proeqti, romlebic Sesulia 2001 wlis gaeros<br />

generaluri asambleis № 55/153 rezoluciis <strong>da</strong>narTSi.<br />

aRniSnuli muxlebis proeqtis Tanaxmad:<br />

_ yvela saxelmwifom un<strong>da</strong> miiRos Sesabamisi zomebi, raTa pirebi, romlebic<br />

samarTalmemkvidre saxelmwifos Seqmnamde flobdnen winamorbedi<br />

saxelmwifos <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>s, ar iqcnen <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqoned<br />

samarTalmemkvidre saxelmwifos warmoSobis Semdeg.<br />

_ pirma, romlis mudmivi sacxovrebeli adgili mdebareob<strong>da</strong> teritoriaze,<br />

romelzec Seiqmna samarTalmemkvidre saxelmwifo, <strong>da</strong>uyovnebliv<br />

un<strong>da</strong> miiRos am ukanasknelis <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>.<br />

_ memkvidre saxelmwifoebma ar un<strong>da</strong> mianiWon Tavisi <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>, maTi<br />

survilis sawinaaRmdegod, im pirebs, visi mudmivi sacxovrebelic<br />

mdebareobs sxva saxelmwifoSi, Tu maT ar emuqrebaT <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

armqone pirebad <strong>da</strong>rCena.<br />

_ saxelmwifoebma un<strong>da</strong> gaiTvaliswinon pirTa neba_survili, Tuki maT<br />

ufleba aqvT miiRon ori an orze meti saxelmwifos <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>.<br />

yoveli saxelmwifo pirs nebas rTavs, airCios im saxelmwifos <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>,<br />

romelTanac aqvs saTanado kavSiri, Tu sxva SemTxvevaSi is<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqoned CaiTvleba.<br />

38

_ saxelmwifoebi ar un<strong>da</strong> eubnebodnen uars pirebs <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> SenarCunebis,<br />

miRebis an <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> arCevanis uflebaze raime saxis<br />

diskriminaciis safuZvliT.<br />

• evropuli konvencia <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb <strong>da</strong> saxelmwifoTa samarTalmemkvidreobasTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> arqonis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acilebis oqmis<br />

proeqti aerTianeben 1961 wlis konvenciis debulebebs <strong>da</strong> im principebs,<br />

romlebic Sesulia saerTaSoriso samarTlis komisiis (ILC) mier Sedgenili<br />

muxlebis proeqtSi. evropuli konvencia calke Tavs uTmobs samar-<br />

Talmemkvidre saxelmwifos warmoSobisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> sakiTxs, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />

yuradReba ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d gamaxvilebulia Semdeg garemoebebze:<br />

_ utyuari <strong>da</strong> efeqturi kavSiri pirsa <strong>da</strong> saxelmwifos Soris;<br />

_ piris mudmivi sacxovrebeli adgili samarTalmemkvidre saxelmwifos<br />

warmoSobisas;<br />

_ piris survili; <strong>da</strong><br />

_ piris geografiuli warmomavloba.<br />

gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, evropuli konvencia <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb adgens, rom winamorbedi<br />

saxelmwifos teritoriis mudmiv macxovreblebs, romelTac ar hqon<strong>da</strong>T im<br />

qveynis moqalaqis statusi, romlis suverenitetic ga<strong>da</strong>eca memkvidre saxelmwifos<br />

<strong>da</strong> romelTac jer ar miuRiaT memkvidre saxelmwifos <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>, un<strong>da</strong><br />

SeunarCundeT am saxelmwifoSi <strong>da</strong>rCenisa <strong>da</strong> igive socialuri <strong>da</strong> ekonomikuri<br />

uflebebiT sargeblobis ufleba, rogoric am saxelmwifos moqalaqeebs<br />

gaaCniaT.<br />

• saxelmwifoTa samarTalmemkvidreobis gamo <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis<br />

Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acilebis Sesaxeb oqmis proeqtiT SemuSavebulia mtkicebis konkretuli<br />

wesebi (muxli 8), <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>sTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT saxelmwifoTa<br />

samarTalmemkvidreobisas:<br />

„memkvidre saxelmwifo <strong>da</strong>JinebiT ar moiTxovs <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miniWebisaTvis<br />

saWiro stan<strong>da</strong>rtul <strong>da</strong>mamtkicebel sabuTebs im SemTxvevebSi, Tu<br />

pirebi ukve arian an SesaZloa momavalSi gaxdnen <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone<br />

pirebad saxelmwifoTa samarTalmemkvidreobis Sedegad <strong>da</strong> roca miuRebelia<br />

amgvari pirebisaTvis stan<strong>da</strong>rtuli moTxovnebis wayeneba.<br />

memkvidre saxelmwifo ar iTxovs meore <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miuReblobis<br />

<strong>da</strong>mamtkicebel sabuTs <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miniWebamde im pirebisaTvis, romlebic<br />

mudmivad cxovrobdnen am saxelmwifos teritoriaze samarTalmemkvidre<br />

saxelmwifoTa Semqmnamde <strong>da</strong> romelnic ukve arian an SesaZloa<br />

momavalSi gaxdnen <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebad samarTalmemkvidre<br />

saxelmwifoTa Seqmnis Semdeg.“<br />

me-8 muxlis pirveli qvepunqti ganixilavs SemTxvevas, rodesac pirisaTvis<br />

SeuZlebeli an metad rTulia <strong>da</strong>mamtkicebel sabuTebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT<br />

stan<strong>da</strong>rtuli moTxovnebis Sesruleba <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> misaRebad aucilebeli<br />

pirobebis <strong>da</strong>sakmayofileblad. zogierT SemTxvevaSi pirisTvis SesaZloa<br />

SeuZlebeli aRmoCndes sakuTari warmoSobis Sesaxeb sruli dokumentaciis<br />

wardgena, magaliTad, samoqalaqo reestris arqivis ganadgurebis gamo. Sesa-<br />

Zloa SeuZlebeli aRmoCndes cnobis wardgena sacxovrebeli adgilis Sesaxeb<br />

im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sacxovrebeli adgili ar iyo registrirebuli. es <strong>da</strong>dge-<br />

39

nileba vrceldeba im situaciebzec, rodesac pirovnebas Teoriulad SeuZlia<br />

<strong>da</strong>mamtkicebeli sabuTebis wardgena, magram gaumarTlebelia misTvis amgvari<br />

moTxovnis wayeneba; magaliTad im SemTxvevaSi, Tu es moTxovna piris sicocxles<br />

an janmrTelobas safrTxeSi Caagdeb<strong>da</strong>. SemTxvevebi, romlebic arTuleben<br />

<strong>da</strong>mamtkicebeli sabuTebis wardgenas, yovelTvis pir<strong>da</strong>pir ar ukavSirdebian<br />

saxelmwifoTa memkvidreobis uflebaTa ga<strong>da</strong>cemis SemTxvevebs. isini SesaZloa<br />

saxelmwifoTa memkvidreobis uflebaTa ga<strong>da</strong>cemis an mis Semdgom momx<strong>da</strong>ri<br />

movlenebis Sedegad warmoiSvan, magaliTad, rodesac winamorbedi saxelmwifos<br />

reJimis dros samoqalaqo reestri ganadgur<strong>da</strong> an ZiriTadi dokumentacia<br />

ar gaica mosaxleobis garkveul nawilze. yvela zemoaRniSnul SemTxvevaSi<br />

<strong>da</strong>mamtkicebeli dokumentaciis <strong>da</strong>/an <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli mtkicebulebis wardgenis<br />

didi albaToba sakmarisi iqneba im pirobebis Sesasruleblad, rac aucilebelia<br />

memkvidre saxelmwifos <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> misaRebad.<br />

me-8 muxlis meore qvepunqti gamoiyeneba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, roca<br />

winamorbedi saxelmwifo aRar arsebobs <strong>da</strong> mocemuli saxelmwifos yvela moqalaqem<br />

<strong>da</strong>karga <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>. Tu memkvidre saxelmwifo ar aRiarebs mraval<strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>s<br />

an zRu<strong>da</strong>vs moqalaqeobebis odenobas, am saxelmwifom SesaZloa<br />

moiTxovos <strong>da</strong>ma<strong>da</strong>sturebeli sabuTi imisa, rom pirovnebas ara aqvs miRebuli<br />

sxva qveynis <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> an aris <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone piri. im faqtis<br />

<strong>da</strong>ma<strong>da</strong>sturebeli dokumentaciis wardgena, rom piri ar flobs sxva qveynis<br />

<strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>s an <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirad iTvleba, xSirad SeuZlebelia,<br />

vinai<strong>da</strong>n es procesi saxelmwifoTa TanamSromlobas efuZneba. Tu arsebobs<br />

saSiSroeba imisa, rom piri samarTalmemkvidre saxelmwifoTa Seqmnis Sedegad<br />

SesaZloa iqces <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqoned, samarTalmemkvidre saxelmwifo <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

miniWebamde ar iTxovs imis <strong>da</strong>ma<strong>da</strong>sturebeli sabuTs, rom piri ar<br />

flobs sxva qveynis <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>s an iTvleba <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirad. es<br />

wesi efuZneba gavrcelebul mosazrebas, rom <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

acileba saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis upirvelesi amocanaa, maSin roca orze<br />

meti saxelmwifos Tanxmoba an uari <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>ze individualurad TiToeuli<br />

saxelmwifos ga<strong>da</strong>sawyveti sakiTxia.<br />

aRniSnuli debulebebi xels ar uSlis sakuTar teritoriaze mraval<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

ricxvis Semcirebis mosurne saxelmwifos, iTanamSromlos sxva<br />

saxelmwifoebTan <strong>da</strong> gacvalos informacia <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miRebasa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>kargvasTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT. mraval<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acileba SesaZlebelia<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Taobaze kanonebs Soris zogierT sakiTxze konfliqtis Sesaxeb<br />

1930 wlis haagis konvenciis debulebiT, romelic exeba sxva <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> ar<br />

cnobas <strong>da</strong> evropuli konvenciis 7.1 muxliT, romelic piris mier meore saxelmwifos<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> nebayoflobiT miRebis SemTxvevaSi sxva <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

avtomaturi <strong>da</strong>kargvis SesaZleblobas iTvaliswinebs. saxelmwifom SesaZloa<br />

aseve mosTxovos pirs werilobiTi gancxadebis gakeTeba imis <strong>da</strong>sa<strong>da</strong>stureblad,<br />

rom aRniSnuli piri ar flobs <strong>da</strong> arc momavalSi miiRebs sxva qveynis<br />

<strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>s. es saSualebas miscems saxelmwifos, gaauqmos <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>, Tu<br />

momavalSi aRmoCndeba, rom pirma yalbi gancxadeba gaakeTa.<br />

40

warmatebuli gamocdileba: CexeTis respublika<br />

rodesac 1993 wlis 1 ianvars yofili Cexoslovakiis respublika formalurad<br />

<strong>da</strong>iSala, orive memkvidre saxelmwifom - CexeTis respublikam <strong>da</strong> slovakeTis<br />

respublikam - miiRo axali kanonmdebloba <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb, romelic<br />

gansazRvrav<strong>da</strong> TiToeuli qveynis moqalaqis statuss <strong>da</strong> proceduras, romlis<br />

saSualebiTac pirs SeeZlo <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miReba.<br />

orive qveynis sakanonmdeblo krebuli efuZnebo<strong>da</strong> Cexoslovakiis 1969 wels<br />

Seqmnil kanonmdeblobas <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb, ase rom arc erTi maTgani ar<br />

iyo misaRebi axali realobisaTvis.<br />

orive axlad warmoqmnili saxelmwifos <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb Si<strong>da</strong><br />

kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, 1954 wlamde <strong>da</strong>badebuli pirebi _ anu 15 wlisani<br />

<strong>da</strong> 15 wels zemoT, im dros, roca Cexoslovakiis socialisturi respublika<br />

ori respublikisagan Semdgar federaciad iqca _ moqalaqeebi iyvnen im<br />

SemTxvevaSi, Tu isini am saxelmwifos teritoriaze <strong>da</strong>ibadnen (jus soli). 1954 wlis<br />

Semdgom <strong>da</strong>badebuli pirebi am saxelmwifoebis moqalaqeebad iTvlebodnen<br />

an jus soli-is safuZvelze (Sereuli <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> _ Cexi/slovaki mSoblebis<br />

Svilebi Cveulebriv Rebulobdnen im saxelmwifos <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>s, romlis<br />

teritoriazec <strong>da</strong>ibadnen), an maTi mSoblebis <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> mixedviT (jus<br />

sanguinis), rodesac orive mSobeli flob<strong>da</strong> erTsa <strong>da</strong> imave <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>s. amis<br />

Sedegad bevri a<strong>da</strong>mians, romelTac mTeli cxovreba CexeTis respublikaSi<br />

gaatares, slovakeTis <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> mianiWes <strong>da</strong> piriqiT. CexeTis respublikaSi<br />

mcxovrebi boSuri warmoSobis umciresobis umetesi nawili samarTlebrivi<br />

gaugebrobis msxverpli aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>, vinai<strong>da</strong>n isini an Tavad <strong>da</strong>ibadnen slovakeTis<br />

teritoriaze an amgvar winaparTa memkvidreebi iyvnen.<br />

maSin, rodesac slovakeTis axali kanonmdebloba <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb<br />

SeuzRu<strong>da</strong>v uflebas aZlev<strong>da</strong> Cexoslovakiis yvela yofil moqalaqes, CexeTis<br />

axalma aqtma <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb SemoiRo mkacri moTxovnebi; CexeTis<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> misaRebad pirs<br />

• CexeTis respublikis teritoriaze un<strong>da</strong> hqono<strong>da</strong> SenarCunebuli <strong>da</strong><br />

uwyveti mudmivi binadrobis registracia federaciis <strong>da</strong>Slamde sul<br />

mcire ori wlis manZilze;<br />

• CamorTmeuli un<strong>da</strong> hqono<strong>da</strong> slovakeTis <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>; <strong>da</strong><br />

• ar un<strong>da</strong> hqono<strong>da</strong> Cadenili sisxlis samarTlis <strong>da</strong>naSauli gasuli xuTi<br />

wlis manZilze.<br />

me-20 saukunis 90-ian wlebSi CexeTis <strong>da</strong> slovakeTis mTavrobebma TxovniT<br />

mimarTes gluks, raTa am ukanasknels <strong>da</strong>xmareba aRmoeCina maTTvis kanon-<br />

Ta SeuTanxmeblobiT gamowveuli <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis problemis<br />

mosag vareblad. glukma ori kvleviTi misia gagzavna regionSi <strong>da</strong> konsultaciebi<br />

gamarTa mTavrobebTan <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb kanomdeblobasTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT.<br />

1996 wels glukma <strong>da</strong>xmareba gauwia praRaSi <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> sakiTxTan <strong>da</strong>kav-<br />

Sirebuli sakonsultacio centris <strong>da</strong>arsebas. centri iuridiul <strong>da</strong> socialur<br />

konsultaciebs sTavazobs Cexoslovakiis yofil moqalaqeebs. amJamad es<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianebi <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebi arian, Tumca maT Soris bevrs<br />

SeiZleba hqondes xangrZlivi <strong>da</strong> namdvili kavSiri CexeTis respublikasTan.<br />

erT weliwadSi centrma <strong>da</strong>xmareba gauwia <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 6 000 a<strong>da</strong>mians, maT<br />

Soris 900 bavSvs, romlebic bavSTa saxlebSi aRmoCndnen; 3 500-ze met pirs,<br />

romlebic CexeTis cixeSi aRmoCndnen <strong>da</strong> 2 000-ze met sxva pirs, romelTac<br />

ver SeZles <strong>da</strong>edginaT an esargeblaT sakuTari moqalaqeobiT.<br />

glukisa <strong>da</strong> evrosabWos rCevis Tanaxmad, CexeTis mTavrobam <strong>da</strong>iwyo <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

41

miRebaze <strong>da</strong>wesebuli SezRudvebis gamartiveba. 1996 wlis aprilSi CexeTis<br />

sakanonmdeblo organom cvlileba Seitana <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb aqtSi, ramac<br />

Sinagan saqmeTa saministros SesaZlebloba misca uari eTqva moTxovnaze,<br />

romelic Seexebo<strong>da</strong> nasamarTleobis <strong>arqona</strong>s im ganmcxadeblebisaTvis,<br />

romelnic uwyvetad cxovrobdnen CexeTis respublikaSi <strong>da</strong> flobdnen aq<br />

cxovrebis <strong>da</strong>ma<strong>da</strong>sturebel oficialur dokumentacias.<br />

mogvianebiT, 1999 wels CexeTis sakanonmdeblo organom aRniSnul aqtSi kidev<br />

erTi cvlileba Seitana, rac CexeTis respublikis moqalaqeebad gaxdomis<br />

uflebas aZlev<strong>da</strong> yofili Cexoslovakiis moqalaqeebs, romelnic mudmivad<br />

cxovrobdnen im teritoriaze, romelic gax<strong>da</strong> CexeTis respublika, magram<br />

ar flobdnen aq cxovrebis oficialur nebarTvas. am cvlilebis Tanaxmad,<br />

aRniSnul pirebs ufleba miecaT <strong>da</strong>emtkicebinaT cxovrebis nebarTva<br />

samsaxurebrivi kontraqtebiT <strong>da</strong>/an kontraqtebiT sacxovrebelze <strong>da</strong>/an<br />

mowmis safuZvelze. arc maTTvis mouTxoviaT nasamarTlevobis uqonloba.<br />

Tan<strong>da</strong>TanobiT glukis, arasamTavrobo organizaciebisa <strong>da</strong> CexeTis<br />

xelisuflebis SeTanxmebuli mcdelobis Sedegad yofil Cexoslovakelebs,<br />

romelnic mudmivad cxovrobdnen CexeTis respublikaSi, federaciis <strong>da</strong>Slis<br />

Semdeg CexeTis respublikis <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> SeuzRu<strong>da</strong>vi ufleba mieniWaT.<br />

diskriminaciasTan an <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> ukanonod<br />

CamorTmevasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli mizezebi<br />

diskriminacia<br />

saxelmwifos diskreciis erT_erTi principuli SezRudva, <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

miniWebis an <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>ze uaris Tqmis dros, gaxlavT rasobrivi diskriminaciis<br />

akrZalva. aRniSnuli principi mocemulia rasobrivi diskriminaciis<br />

yvela formis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb konvenciasa <strong>da</strong> bevr sxva dokumentSi. aramoqalaqeebis<br />

mimarT diskriminaciis Sesaxeb 2004 wlis 1 oqtombris zogad<br />

rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciaSi gaeros komitetma rasobrivi diskriminaciis aRmofxvris<br />

mizniT <strong>da</strong>adgina, rom „<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> CamorTmeva rasis, kanis feris, warmomavlobis<br />

an erovnuli Tu eTnikuri warmoSobis safuZvelze saxelmwifoTa mier<br />

nakisri valdebulebis - uzrunvelyon moqalaqeebi maTi moqlaqeobis uflebis<br />

aradiskriminaciuli sargeblobiT _ <strong>da</strong>rRvevaa.~<br />

Tumca, zogjer pirebs ar SeuZliaT konkretuli saxelmwifos <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

miReba masTan arsebuli mWidro kavSirebis miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad _ kavSirebisa, romelnic<br />

sxva pirebisaTvis sakmarisi iqnebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> misaRebad. rasaze, kanis<br />

ferze, warmomavlobaze, eTnikur an erovnul warmoSobaze, religiaze, sqesze,<br />

politikur mrwamsze an sxva faqtorebze <strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli diskriminacia SesaZloa<br />

iyos aSkara an SemTxveviT gaparuli kanonebSi an maTi <strong>da</strong>nergvisas.“ kanonebi<br />

SesaZloa CaiTvalos diskriminaciulad, Tu isini Seicaven diskriminaciuli<br />

xasiaTis mqone debulebebs, an Tu maTi gamoyenebis Sedegi diskriminaciaa.<br />

problemis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n asacileblad saWiroa:<br />

• imis uzrunvelyofa, rom diskriminaciis akrZalvis principi <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi gamyarebuli iyos konstituciiTa <strong>da</strong> kanonebiT<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb <strong>da</strong> rom moxdeba am pincipebis <strong>da</strong>nergva administraciuli<br />

<strong>da</strong> sasamarTlo ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebis saSualebiT.<br />

• saxelmwifoebs moeTxovebaT, miiRon yvela Sesabamisi zoma rogorc<br />

42

qveynis SigniT, aseve sxva saxelmwifoebTan TanamSromlobisas imis uzrunvelsayofad,<br />

rom yovel bavSvs eZleodes <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> <strong>da</strong>badebisTanave.<br />

aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, saerTaSoriso samarTlis Tanaxmad, <strong>da</strong>qorwinebuli<br />

mSoblebis Svilebi, qorwinebis gareSe <strong>da</strong>badebuli bavSvebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

armqone mSoblebis Svilebi - yvela un<strong>da</strong> sargeblobdes <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

Tanabari uflebiT.<br />

• gaTxovil qalTa <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb 1957 wlis konvencia <strong>da</strong> qalTa<br />

diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb 1979 wlis konvencia<br />

miznad isaxaven <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> SeZenis, Secvlis <strong>da</strong> SenarCunebisas qalisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> mamakacisaTvis Tanabari uflebebis miniWebas. konvenciebis principebis<br />

Sesabamisad, qmris moqalaqebrivi statusi ar iwvevs colis <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

avtomatur Secvlas, ar aqcevs mas <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirad <strong>da</strong> ar<br />

aiZulebs mas qmris <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miRebas.<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> CamorTmeva an uari <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>ze<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia adgens, rom <strong>da</strong>uSvebelia vinmesTvis<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> iZulebiT CamorTmeva. 1961 wlis konvencia <strong>da</strong> evropuli<br />

1997 wlis konvencia <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb mkacrad zRu<strong>da</strong>vs saxelmwifoTa<br />

iniciativas <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> CamorTmevis Taobaze. <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> amgvar <strong>da</strong>kargvas<br />

Tan un<strong>da</strong> axldes sruli proceduruli garantiebi <strong>da</strong> ar un<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>izardos<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobaSi.<br />

denacionalizacia maSin iCens Tavs, rodesac saxelmwifo moqalaqes arTmevs<br />

<strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>s, riTac axorcielebs diskriminaciul praqtikas. rasac, Cveulebriv,<br />

qveyni<strong>da</strong>n piris gaZeveba sdevs Tan.<br />

am problemis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n asacileblad:<br />

• saerTaSoriso samarTlis ZiriTadi principis Tanaxmad, arcerT pirs ar<br />

CamoerTmeva <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>, Tu es <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobas gamoiwvevs.<br />

• 1961 wlis konvencia <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa raodenobis Semcirebaze<br />

am principTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT iTvaliswinebs Semdeg gamonaklisebs:<br />

_ mc<strong>da</strong>ri meTodebiT an gayalbebis Sedegad miRebuli <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>;<br />

_<br />

_<br />

_<br />

sazRvargareT cxovrebis gamo moqalqeobis <strong>da</strong>kargva (ixileT<br />

zemoT);<br />

qmedebebi, romlebic ar Seesabameba saxelmwifosadmi erTgulebis<br />

valdebulebebs an mimarTulia sxva saxelmwifosaTvis samsaxuris gasawevad,<br />

arRvevs specialur akrZalvas an pirovnuli <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebiT<br />

seriozul zians ayenebs saxelmwifos sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis interesebs<br />

(mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu es sakiTxebi miTiTebuli iyo<br />

kanonSi konvenciis xelmoweris droisaTvis);<br />

fici an formaluri gancxadeba sxva saxelmwifosadmi erTgulebaze,<br />

an uari mocemul saxelmwifosadmi erTgulebaze (mxolod im SemTxvevaSi,<br />

Tu es sakiTxi miTiTebuli iyo kanonSi konvenciis xelmoweris<br />

droisaTvis).<br />

1961 wlis konvenciis wevri saxelmwifoebs SeuZliaT CamoarTvan pirs <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong><br />

zemoT aRniSnuli mizezebis safuZvelze, Tu es konkretulad mi-<br />

43

TiTebulia konvenciis xelmoweris, ratifikaciis an masTan SeerTebis dros,<br />

an Tu kanonis Tanaxmad uzrunvelyofilia sruli proceduruli garantiebiT,<br />

rogoricaa samarTliani sasamarTlos ufleba. wevr saxelmwifos ar SeuZlia<br />

pirs an pirTa jgufs CamoarTvas <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> rasobrivi, eTnikuri, religiuri<br />

<strong>da</strong> politikuri niSniT.<br />

• evropuli 1997 wlis konvencia <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb kidev ufro zRu<strong>da</strong>vs<br />

saxelmwifoTa uflebamosilebas, rodesac saqme pirebisaTvis <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

CamorTmevas Seexeba, Tu es iwvevs <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobas. am konvenciis<br />

Tanaxmad, <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> CamorTmeva gamarTlebulia mxolod im<br />

SemTxvevebSi, rodesac <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miReba ganxorciel<strong>da</strong> mc<strong>da</strong>ri saSualebebiT<br />

an gayalbebiT. Tumca, Tu <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> CamorTmeva <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

uqonlobas ar iwvevs, saxelmwifos SeuZlia <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> CamoarTvas<br />

moqalaqes Semdegi mizezebis safuZvelze:<br />

_ sxva qveynis <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> nebayoflobiT miReba;<br />

_ sxva qveynis samxedro ZalebSi nebayoflobiTi samsaxuri;<br />

_ saxelmwifos arsebiTi interesebisTvis seriozuli zianis miyeneba;<br />

_ mudmivad sazRvargareT mcxovrebi moqalaqis mocemul saxelmwifosTan<br />

utyuari kavSiris ar aseboba;<br />

_ erovnuli kanomdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli im winapirobebis Seusrulebloba,<br />

romlebsac saxelmwifos <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> avtomatur miRebamde<br />

mivyavarT (vrceldeba mxolod arasrulwlovanebze); an<br />

_ Svilad ayvanili bavSvis mier erT-erTi an orive ucxo qveynis moqalaqe<br />

mSvilebelis <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miReba an floba.<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa ricxvis<br />

Semcirebis Sesaxeb 1961 wlis gaeros konvenciis<br />

ZiriTadi debulebebi<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miniWebis Sesaxeb (1-li, me-2, me-3 <strong>da</strong> me-4 muxlebi)<br />

<strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> mieniWeba im pirs, vinc sxva SemTxvevaSi <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone<br />

piri iqnebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> romelsac aqvs efeqturi kavSiri saxelmwifosTan <strong>da</strong>badebiT<br />

an warmoSobiT. <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> eniWeba:<br />

• kanonis moqmedebiT, am saxelmwifos teritoriaze <strong>da</strong>badebul pirs<br />

<strong>da</strong>badebisTanave;<br />

• kanonis moqmedebiT <strong>da</strong>dgenil asakSi am saxelmwifos teritoriaze<br />

<strong>da</strong>badebul pirs, erovnuli kanonmdeblobis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad;<br />

• am saxelmwifos teritoriaze <strong>da</strong>badebuli piris mier ganacxadis wardgenis<br />

SemTxvevaSi (ganacxadis Setana SesaZlebelia, Tu arsebobs CamoTvlili<strong>da</strong>n<br />

erT-erTi an erTze meti piroba: <strong>da</strong>culia ganacxadis wardgenisaTvis<br />

<strong>da</strong>dgenili vadebi, <strong>da</strong>kmayofilebulia moTxovnebi sacxovrebeli<br />

adgilis mimarT, kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul garkveul sisxlis samarTlis<br />

<strong>da</strong>naSaulebze nasamarTleobis uqonloba <strong>da</strong>/an mtkicebuleba imis<br />

Taobaze, rom piri yovelTvis iyo <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone);<br />

• <strong>da</strong>badebisTanave kanonier Svils, romlis de<strong>da</strong>sac aqvs im saxelmwifos<br />

<strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>, sa<strong>da</strong>c <strong>da</strong>iba<strong>da</strong> bavSvi;<br />

44

• memkvidreobiT, pirs, romelic ver miiRebs im wevr saxelmwifos<br />

<strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>s, romlis teritoriazec is <strong>da</strong>iba<strong>da</strong>, asakis an sacxovrebeli<br />

adgilis mimarT wamoyenebuli moTxovnebis gamo (ganacxadis Setana<br />

SesaZlebelia, Tu arsebobs CamoTvlili<strong>da</strong>n erT_erTi an erTze<br />

meti piroba: <strong>da</strong>culia ganacxadis wardgenisaTvis <strong>da</strong>dgenili vadebi,<br />

<strong>da</strong>kmayofilebulia moTxovnebi sacxovrebeli adgilis mimarT <strong>da</strong>/an<br />

mtkicebuleba imis Taobaze, rom piri yovelTvis iyo <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

armqone);<br />

• wevr saxelmwifos teritoriaze napovn bavSvebs;<br />

• moqmedi kanonis Tanaxmad, piris <strong>da</strong>badebisTanave (<strong>da</strong>badebis adgilis<br />

miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad), Tu erT_erT mSobeli wevri saxelmwifos moqalaqe iyo<br />

bavSvis <strong>da</strong>badebis momentSi;<br />

• erovnuli kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, im piris mier ganacxadis wardgenis<br />

SemTxvevaSi, romelic Tumca ar aris <strong>da</strong>badebuli mocemuli saxelmwifos<br />

teritoriaze, magram <strong>da</strong>badebis droisaTvis misi erT_erTi mSobeli wevri<br />

saxelmwifos moqalaqe iyo (ganacxadis Setana SesaZlebelia, Tu arsebobs<br />

CamoTvlili<strong>da</strong>n erT_erTi an erTze meti piroba: <strong>da</strong>culia ganacxadis<br />

wardgenisaTvis <strong>da</strong>dgenili vadebi, <strong>da</strong>kmayofilebulia moTxovnebi<br />

sacxovrebeli adgilis mimarT, erovnuli usafrTxoebis winaaRmdeg<br />

mimarTul <strong>da</strong>naSaulze nasamarTleobis uqonloba <strong>da</strong>/an mtkicebuleba<br />

imis Taobaze, rom piri yovelTvis iyo <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone).<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> <strong>da</strong>kargvisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>ze uaris Tqmis Taobaze<br />

(me-5, me-6 <strong>da</strong> me-7 muxlebi)<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> <strong>da</strong>kargva an masze uaris Tqma un<strong>da</strong> efuZnebodes an sxva qveynis<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> flobas, an sxva qveynis <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miRebis garantias.<br />

gamonaklisis <strong>da</strong>Sveba SesaZlebelia mxolod naturalizirebuli piris<br />

SemTxvevaSi, romelic miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom icis yvela formaluri<br />

procedurisa <strong>da</strong> droSi SezRudvis Sesaxeb, cxovrobs sazRvargareT<br />

wlebis manZilze <strong>da</strong> ar gamoxatavs <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> SenarCunebis survils. am<br />

SemTxvevaSi naturalizirebuli piri gaxlavT is, vinc miiRo <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong><br />

monawile saxelmwifosadmi ganacxadis wardgenis safuZvelze <strong>da</strong> am<br />

saxelmwifos SeeZlo uari eTqva ganacxadis <strong>da</strong>kmayofilebaze. <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>kargva SesaZloa ganxorcieldes mxolod kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad,<br />

rasac Tan axlavs sruli procesualuri garantiebi, rogoricaa<br />

samarTliani sasamarTlos an sxva <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli organos mier saqmis<br />

ganxilvis ufleba.<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> CamorTmeva (me-8 <strong>da</strong> me-9 muxlebi)<br />

arcerT pirs ar CamoerTmeva <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>, Tu es <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobas<br />

warmoSobs, gar<strong>da</strong> im SemTxvevebisa, rodesac:<br />

• <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> miRebulia mc<strong>da</strong>ri meTodebiT an gayalbebis Sedegad;<br />

• pirs Cadenili aqvs qmedebebi, romlebic ar Seesabameba erTgulebis<br />

valdebulebebs an pirovnuli <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebiT seriozul zians<br />

ayenebs saxelmwifos sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis interesebs (mxolod<br />

im SemTxvevaSi, Tu es sakiTxebi miTiTebuli iyo kanonebSi konvenciaze<br />

xelmoweris dros); an<br />

• pirs <strong>da</strong>debuli aqvs fici an Sevsebuli aqvs formaluri deklaracia<br />

45

sxva saxelmwifosadmi erTgulebaze, an uari aqvs naTqvami monawile<br />

saxelmwifos erTgulebaze.<br />

• naturalizirebuli piri, romelsac <strong>da</strong>karguli aqvs faqtobrivi kavSiri<br />

monawile saxelmwifosTan <strong>da</strong> Setyobinebis miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, ver SeZlo<br />

gamoexata <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> SenarCunebis survili.<br />

konvenciis monawile saxelmwifoebs SeuZliaT CamoarTvan pirs <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong><br />

zemoT aRniSnuli mizezebis safuZvelze, Tu es konkretulad miTiTebulia<br />

konvenciaze xelmoweris, ratifikaciis an masTan SeerTebis dros an Tu<br />

kanonis Tanaxmad miniWebulia sruli proceduruli garantiebi, rogoricaa<br />

samarTliani sasamarTlos ufleba. monawile saxelmwifos ar SeuZlia pirs<br />

an pirTa jgufs CamoarTvas <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> rasobrivi, eTnikuri, religiuri<br />

<strong>da</strong> politikuri niSniT.<br />

teritoriis <strong>da</strong>Tmobaze (muxli me-10)<br />

xelSekrulebebma un<strong>da</strong> uzrunvelyon, rom ar warmoiSvas <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

uqonloba teritoriis <strong>da</strong>Tmobis mizeziT. xelmowerili xelSekrulebis<br />

ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi Sesabamisi saxelmwifo(ebi) <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>s aZlevs im<br />

pirebs, romlebic sxva SemTxvevaSi <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebi iqnebodnen<br />

teritoriis <strong>da</strong>Tmobis an miRebis Sedegad.<br />

saerTaSoriso saagentoze (muxli me-11)<br />

konvencia mouwodebs gaeros farglebSi iseTi organos <strong>da</strong>arsebisken, romelsac<br />

ganacxadiT mimarTavs is piri, romelic sakuTar Tavs uflebamosilad miiCnevs<br />

miiRos konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli SeRavaTebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>xmareba. aRniSnulma<br />

organom<br />

Semdgom es ganacxadeba un<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>sces gansaxilvelad xelisuflebis Sesabamis<br />

organoebs. generalurma asambleam es pasuxismgebloba gluks <strong>da</strong>akisra.<br />

<strong>da</strong>vebis mogvareba (muxli me-14)<br />

monawile saxelmwifoebs Soris konvenciis interpretaciasa <strong>da</strong> cxovrebaSi<br />

gatarebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT wamoWrili <strong>da</strong>vebi, romelTa ga<strong>da</strong>Wrac ver<br />

moxerx<strong>da</strong> sxva saSualebebiT, gaegzavneba saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos <strong>da</strong>vis<br />

monawile romelime mxaris moTxovnis safuZvelze.<br />

saboloo aqti<br />

saboloo aqti iZleva rekomen<strong>da</strong>cias, rom de faqto <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone<br />

pirebze SeZlebis<strong>da</strong>gvarad gavrceldes igive uflebebi, romlebic vrceldeba<br />

de iure <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebze, raTa saSualeba mieceT maT, miiRon<br />

faqtobrivi <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>.<br />

46

Tavi 4<br />

glukis roli<br />

gluki <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> <strong>arqona</strong>sTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebul sakiTxebSi 1950 wli<strong>da</strong>n, anu<br />

funqcionirebis <strong>da</strong>wyebisTanave CaerTo. organizacias gaerosgan miniWebuli<br />

aqvs uflebamosileba, <strong>da</strong>icvas ltolvilebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>exmaros maT problemebis<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>WraSi. bevri ltolvili, romelTac aRniSnuli organizacia wlebis man-<br />

Zilze uwev<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>xmarebas, <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone piri gaxl<strong>da</strong>T. marTlac, bolo<br />

ramdenime aTwleulis manZilze axlo kavSiri <strong>da</strong>myar<strong>da</strong> saxelmwifo <strong>da</strong>cvis<br />

<strong>da</strong>kargvas an masze uarsa <strong>da</strong> <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> <strong>da</strong>kargvas an masze uars Soris. axla<br />

ukve zoga<strong>da</strong>d gasagebia, rom moqmedi <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> floba <strong>da</strong> im uflebebiT<br />

sargeblobis SesaZlebloba, rac <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>Si igulisxmeba, exmareba pirs<br />

iZulebiTi ga<strong>da</strong>saxlebis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acilebaSi.<br />

rogor CaerTo gluki <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis sakiTxebSi?<br />

wlebis manZilze glukis roli <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa ricxvis Semcirebisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> maTTvis <strong>da</strong>xmarebis aRmoCenis saqmeSi organizaciis gafarToebasTan<br />

erTad kidev ufro gaizar<strong>da</strong>. <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis sferoSi glukis<br />

saqmianoba xorcieldeba saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebis, gaeros generaluri<br />

asambleis rezoluciebisa <strong>da</strong> organizaciis mrCevelTa organos - umaRlesi<br />

komisris programis aRmasrulebeli komitetis (ExCom) rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebis<br />

safuZvelze.<br />

ar arsebobs <strong>da</strong>dgenileba pasuxismgebeli organos Seqmnis Sesaxeb, romelic<br />

uzrunvelyof<strong>da</strong> <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa statusis Sesaxeb 1954 wlis<br />

konvenciis implementaciaze meTvalyureobas. Tumca, <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone<br />

pirTa ricxvis Semcirebis Sesaxeb 1961 wlis konvenciis me-11 muxli moiTxovs<br />

Seiqmnas „organo, romelsac SeuZlia mimarTos pirma, romelic iTxovs am<br />

konvenciis safuZvelze raime upiratesobiT sargeblobas, raTa am organom<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>sinjos misi moTxovna an aRmouCinos <strong>da</strong>xmareba misi xelisuflebis Sesabamisi<br />

organoSi wardgenis saSualebiT“. rodesac 1975 wels konvencia Sevi<strong>da</strong><br />

ZalaSi, gaeros generalurma asambleam gluks <strong>da</strong>akisra aRniSnuli organos<br />

roli. organizaciis pasuxismgebloba kidev ufro gamyar<strong>da</strong> mogvianebiT<br />

miRebuli rezoluciebiT.<br />

1995 wels umaRlesi komisris programis aRmasrulebelma komitetma yovlismomcveli<br />

direqtivebi miiRo <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebul<br />

sakiTxebze: <strong>da</strong>skvna <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acilebis <strong>da</strong> aRmofxvris<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa <strong>da</strong>cvis Sesaxeb (<strong>da</strong>skvna # 78). (aRmasrulebeli<br />

komiteti Sedgeba sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva qveynis warmomadgenlebisagan _ 2006<br />

wlis 25 seqtembrisTvis arsebuli monacemebiT 70 wevri qveyanaa _ romelsac<br />

irCevs ECOSOC-i am saxelmwifoebis mier ltolvilTa problemebis mogvarebis<br />

mimarT gamoCenili interesis safuZvelze. aRmasrulebeli komitetis<br />

1995 wlis <strong>da</strong>skvna <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> arqonis Sesaxeb „mouwodebs gluks, kvlavac<br />

gaagrZelos muSaoba <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa inetersebis <strong>da</strong>sacavad“ <strong>da</strong><br />

“TxovniT mimarTavs gluks, <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa statusis Sesaxeb<br />

1954 wlis <strong>da</strong> <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa raodenobis Semcirebis Sesaxeb<br />

47

1961 wlis konvenciebTan SeerTebas Seuwyos xeli.” aRmasrulebeli komitetis<br />

rezolucia aseve sTxovs gluks, „aqtiurad Seuwyos xeli <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

uqonlobis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acilebasa <strong>da</strong> aRmofxvras informaciis gavrcelebiT <strong>da</strong><br />

aseve TanamSromelTa <strong>da</strong> mTavrobis warmomadgeneli oficialuri pirebisaTvis<br />

treiningebis CatarebiT; <strong>da</strong> aseve sxva <strong>da</strong>interesebul organizaciebTan<br />

TanamSromlobis gaRrmavebiT“.<br />

1996 wels gaeros generalurma asambleam miiRo rezolucia (A/RES/50/152),<br />

romelic aseve mouwodebs umaRles komisars, kvlavac gaagrZelos saqmianoba<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa sasargeblod <strong>da</strong> aqtiuri popularizacia gauwios<br />

1954 <strong>da</strong> 1961 wlebis konvenciebTan SeerTebasa <strong>da</strong> implementacias.<br />

rezolucia aseve avalebs gluk-s, `uzrunvelyos <strong>da</strong>interesebuli saxelmwifoebi<br />

Sesabamisi teqnikuri <strong>da</strong> sakonsultacio momsaxurebiT, rac <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli<br />

iqneba erovnuli kanonmdeblobis momzadebasa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>nergvasTan.~<br />

imave rezoluciaSi generaluri asamblea „mouwodebs saxelmwifoebs, <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

armqone pirTa ricxvis Semcirebis mizniT, miiRon <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

Sesaxeb iseTi kanonmdebloba, romelic SesabamisobaSi iqneba saerTaSoriso<br />

samarTlis ZiriTad principebTan, kerZod, ar <strong>da</strong>uSvebs <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> ukanono<br />

CamorTmevasa <strong>da</strong> iseTi pirobebis Seqmnas, rodesac pirs miecema <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>ze<br />

uaris Tqmis ufleba, maSin rodesac, mas jer ar eqneba sxva saxelmwifos<br />

<strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>. kanonmdebloba imavdroulad un<strong>da</strong> aRiarebdes saxelmwifos<br />

uflebas, <strong>da</strong>adginos kanonebi <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miRebis, masze uaris Tqmisa <strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> <strong>da</strong>kargvis regulirebis Sesaxeb.“<br />

samarTlebrivi <strong>da</strong>cvis programaSi, romelic <strong>da</strong>amtkica glukis aRmasrulebelma<br />

komitetma (<strong>da</strong>skvna # 92 [LIII] a) <strong>da</strong> 2002 wels moiwona generalurma asambleam,<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonloba aRiarebulia ga<strong>da</strong>saxlebisa <strong>da</strong> ltolvilTa nakadebis<br />

warmoSobis erT-erT umTavres mizezad. samarTlebrivi <strong>da</strong>cvis programa _<br />

saerTaSoriso <strong>da</strong>cvis Sesaxeb glukis msoflio konsultaciebis kulminacia _<br />

Sedgeba miRwevebis, miznebisa <strong>da</strong> qmedebaTa CamonaTvalisgan, romelic kidev<br />

ufro aZlierebs ltolvilTa saerTaSoriso <strong>da</strong>cvas. igi aRwers saxelmwifoebis,<br />

mTavrobaTaSorisi organizaciebis, arasamTavrobo organizaciebisa <strong>da</strong><br />

ltolvilebis interesebisa <strong>da</strong> rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebis farTo speqtrs <strong>da</strong> asrulebs<br />

<strong>saxelmZRvanelo</strong> rols konkretuli qmedebisaTvis. <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis<br />

sakiTxebis mogvareba aRiarebulia iZulebiTi ga<strong>da</strong>adgilebis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acilebis<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uflebis uzrunvelyofis saSualebad.<br />

metismetad didi iyo raodenoba <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebisa, romelTa<br />

saqmeebi wlebis manZilze mougvarebeli rCebo<strong>da</strong>. amiT SeSfoTebulma aRmasrulebelma<br />

komitetma 2004 wels mouwo<strong>da</strong> gluks, ufro aqtiurad emuSava<br />

Sesabamis saxelmwifoebTan, raTa arsebuli viTarebi<strong>da</strong>n gamosavali epovnaT.<br />

aRmasrulebelma komitetma aseve <strong>da</strong>a<strong>da</strong>stura glukis mier saxelmwifoebisaTvis<br />

teqnikuri <strong>da</strong> qmediTi <strong>da</strong>xmarebis aRmoCenis saWiroeba.<br />

bolo xanebSi a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> iZulebiTi CamorTmevis<br />

Sesaxeb 2005 wlis rezoluciaSi (E/CN.4/2005/L.58) gaeros a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebaTa<br />

komisiam mouwo<strong>da</strong> gluks, kvlavac gaegrZelebina informaciis Segroveba am<br />

sakiTxTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT <strong>da</strong> moegvarebina <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> iZulebiTi CamorTmevis<br />

problema rogorc sakuTar angariSebSi, aseve am sferoSi mimdinare<br />

saqmianobaSi.<br />

48

as akeTebs gluki <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis problemasTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT?<br />

gluki <strong>da</strong>xmarebas uwevs mTavrobebs <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb kanonmdeblobis<br />

Sedgenasa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>nergvaSi <strong>da</strong> aseve atarebs treiningebs mTavrobis wrmomadgeneli<br />

oficialuri pirebisaTvis. 2003 _ 2005 wlebSi glukma imuSava 40-ze<br />

met saxelmwifosTan <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>exmara maT <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb axali kanonebis<br />

SemuSavebasa <strong>da</strong> Zveli kanomdeblobis ga<strong>da</strong>xedvaSi. glukma SesTavaza sakuTari<br />

komentarebi erovnuli kanonmdeblobis Sesaxeb sakonstitucio debulebebTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT im saxelmwifoebs, romlebSic mosaxleobis didi nawili an <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

armqone piria an maTi <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> gaurkvevelia.<br />

gluki muSaobs parlamentebTan, raTa <strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli iyos, rom <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

Sesaxeb kanonmdebloba ar gamoiwvevs xalxTa ga<strong>da</strong>adgilebas <strong>da</strong> ar Seicavs<br />

debulebebs, romelTac SesaZloa <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonloba warmoSvan (ixileT<br />

me-4 <strong>da</strong>narTi, romelSic mocemulia glukis ofisebis misamarTebi msoflio<br />

masStabiT).<br />

rogorc <strong>da</strong>gegmili iyo samarTlebrivi <strong>da</strong>cvis programaSi, glukma Caatara<br />

pirveli globaluri kvleva gaeros wevri saxelmwifoebis mier <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

arqonis Sesamcirebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebis <strong>da</strong>cvasTan <strong>da</strong>kav-<br />

Sirebuli saWiroebebis <strong>da</strong>sakmayofileblad ga<strong>da</strong>dgmuli nabijebis Sesaxeb.<br />

gairkva, rom msoflios arc erTi regioni ar aris Tavisufali <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

arqonis problemisagan <strong>da</strong> rom kvlav aRiniSneba seriozuli sakanonmdeblo<br />

<strong>da</strong> politikuri <strong>da</strong>rRvevebi, rogorc saerTaSoriso, ise erovnul doneze.<br />

74 saxelmwifos mier mowodebuli pasuxebis analizis safuZvelze glukma<br />

SeimuSava rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciaTa srulyofili paketi.<br />

gluki mxars uWer<strong>da</strong> <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>sTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebul kampaniebs, rodesac<br />

saxelmwifoebi uflebas aZlevdnen <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebs, mieRoT im<br />

qveynis <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>, sa<strong>da</strong>c isini did xniT mudmivad cxovrobdnen.<br />

gluki uSualod exmareba <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebsa <strong>da</strong> pirTa jgufebs<br />

Sesabamis qveynebTan konsultaciebiT. organizacia mouwodebs saxelmwifoebs<br />

gansazRvron Sesabamisi piris samarTlebrivi statusi <strong>da</strong> aseve xels uwyobs<br />

kanonieri kavSirebis aRiarebas pirisa <strong>da</strong> saxelmwifos Soris, im SemTxvevebSi,<br />

rodesac piri sxva SemTxvevaSi <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone iqneba.<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> statusis <strong>da</strong>dgenis molodinSi <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebs<br />

ufleba aqvT isargeblon minimaluri uflebebiT qveynebSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c isini cxovroben.<br />

gluki mxars uWers <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa statusis Sesaxeb<br />

1954 wlis konvenciis <strong>da</strong>nergvas, romelic uzrunvelyofs minimalur uflebamovaleobaTa<br />

pakets <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebisaTvis <strong>da</strong> aseve exmareba<br />

saxelmwifoebs <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebis <strong>da</strong>cvisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>xmarebis programebis<br />

ganxorcielebaSi saWiroebi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> resursebis xelmisawvdomobi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

gamomdinare.<br />

sxva romeli organizaciebi muSaoben glukTan erTad<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli problebemis<br />

mosagvareblad?<br />

gaeros ZiriTadi saagentoebi, romlebic glukTan TanamSromloben <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

uqonlobasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli problemebis mogvarebis saqmeSi, gaxlavT:<br />

49

a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebaTa umaRlesi komisris samsaxuri, gaeros bavSvTa <strong>da</strong>cvis<br />

fondi (UNICEF) <strong>da</strong> gaeros qalTa fondi (UNIFEM). <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis<br />

gaWianurebuli problemebis mosagvareblad gluki aseve periodulad muSaobs<br />

Sromis saerTaSoriso organizaciasTan (ILO), gaeros ganviTarebis fondTan<br />

(UNDP), msoflio sasursaTo programasTan (WFP) <strong>da</strong> saerTo ZalebiT axorcieleben<br />

<strong>da</strong>saxlebis, ganaTlebis an saSemosavlo programebs, raTa <strong>da</strong>xmareba<br />

gauwion sazogadoebis izolirebuli wevrebis integracias an reintegracias<br />

adgilobriv sazogadoebaSi.<br />

gaeros zemoxsenebul organizaciaTa gar<strong>da</strong>, gluki mWidrod TanamSromlobs<br />

gaeros Sesabamisi organoebis meqanizmebTan, romlebic uzrunvelyofen <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>is<br />

uflebas. maT Soris arian a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebis, bavSvTa uflebebis,<br />

rasobrivi diskriminaciis aRmofxvrisa <strong>da</strong> qalTa diskriminaciis aRmofxvris<br />

komitetebi.<br />

gluki TanamSromlobs regionul organoebTan, rogorebicaa evrosabWo, evropaSi<br />

uSiSroebisa <strong>da</strong> TanamSromlobis organizacia, amerikis saxelmwifoTa<br />

organizacia, afrikis kavSiri, arabeTis qveynebis liga, islamuri konferenciis<br />

organizacia. gluki monawileobas iRebs evrosabWos komitetSi <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

sakiTxebze, romelic amuSavebs stan<strong>da</strong>rtebis <strong>da</strong>mwesebel iseT instrumentebs,<br />

rogorebicaa evropuli konvencia <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb <strong>da</strong> oqmis proeqti<br />

saxelmwifoTa samarTalmemkvidreobasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis<br />

Tavi<strong>da</strong>n asacileblad.<br />

arasamTavrobo organizaciebi mWidrod TanamSromloben glukTan am sferoSi,<br />

rogorc glukis programebisa <strong>da</strong> misi saqmianobas ganviTarebis mxar<strong>da</strong>mWerebi.<br />

2005 wels glukma xeli moawera qve-SeTanxmebebs 770 partniorTan, aqe<strong>da</strong>n<br />

578 arasamTavrobo organizaciaa, romlebic 424 erovnul arasamTavrobo<br />

organizacias Seicaven.<br />

gluki mWidrod TanamSromlobs saparlamentTaSoriso kavSirTan (IPU), raTa<br />

aamaRlos parlametarTa informirebulobis done <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobasTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli saerTaSoriso normebis Taobaze, gaacnos maT arsebul rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciaTa<br />

simravle <strong>da</strong> is saukeTeso praqtika, riTac SesaZlebelia <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

uqonlobis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acileba. organizacia mouwodebs parlamentarebs, miiRon<br />

kanonmdebloba <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb, rac xels Seuwyobs <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis<br />

aRmofxvrasa <strong>da</strong> uzrunvelyofs <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uflebas <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>-<br />

CamorTmeuli pirebisaTvis; amasTan, <strong>da</strong>exmareba imis uzrunvelyofaSi, rom<br />

xelSekrulebebi, romlebic mraval<strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>s Seexeba, uneblieT ar aRmoCndes<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis mizezi.<br />

warmatebuli gamocdileba: Sri lanka<br />

msoflioSi cnobili Sri lankis Cais mwarmoebelTa umetesi nawili induri<br />

warmoSobisaa. isini oficialurad iwodebian, rogorc „axali induri<br />

warmoSobis Tamilebi“ an, rogorc maT Cveulebriv moixsenieben, „qveynisSi<strong>da</strong><br />

Tamilebi“ _ es muSaxeli ceilonze britanuli administraciis mier<br />

indoeTi<strong>da</strong>n Camoyvanili pirebis STamomavalni arian. britanelebi kunZuls<br />

1815_1984 wlebSi marTavdnen. 1948 wli<strong>da</strong>n Sri lankam <strong>da</strong>moukidebloba<br />

moipova. 1948 wlamde sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva indo_Srilankurma SeTanxmebebma gansazRvres<br />

am muSaxelis samarTlebrivi statusi. zogierT qveynisSi<strong>da</strong> Tamils mieniWa<br />

erTi an meore saxelmwifos <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> kanonis an ormxrivi SeTanxmebebis<br />

safuZvelze. Tumca bevri mainc <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> gareSe rCebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>, aqe<strong>da</strong>n<br />

50

gamomdinare, ar gaaCn<strong>da</strong> ZiriTadi uflebebi; zogierT maTgans Sri lankis<br />

an indoeTis <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miRebis procesSi monawileobis miRebis uflebac<br />

ki ar hqon<strong>da</strong>.<br />

1982 wels indoeTis mTavrobam Sri lankis mTavrobas acnoba, rom vadis gasvlis<br />

gamo mas aRar miaCn<strong>da</strong> moqme<strong>da</strong>d is xelSekrulebebi, romlebic qveynis Si<strong>da</strong><br />

TamilebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT iyo <strong>da</strong>debuli. amis Sedegad, am droi<strong>da</strong>n nebismier<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone Tamils aRar hqon<strong>da</strong> saSualeba mieRo <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>.<br />

ceilonis muSaTa kongresi, profkavSiri <strong>da</strong> politikuri partia wlebis<br />

manZilze icav<strong>da</strong> qveynisSi<strong>da</strong> Tamilebis uflebebs. pasuxad Sri lankis<br />

parlamentma SeimuSava <strong>da</strong> 2003 wels erTxmad <strong>da</strong>amtkica „induri warmoSobis<br />

pirebisaTvis <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miniWebis aqti“. aqti avtomaturad aniWebs<br />

<strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>s induri warmoSobis nebismier pirs, romelic:<br />

_ 1964 wlis 30 oqtombri<strong>da</strong>n Sri lankis mudmiv macxovrebelia an<br />

_ cxovrobs Sri lankaSi <strong>da</strong> aris 1964 wlis 30 oqtombri<strong>da</strong>n Sri lankaSi<br />

mudmivad mcxovrebi piris memkvidre.<br />

aqtis miRebis Semdeg generaluri komisris samsaxurma, glukma <strong>da</strong> ceilonis<br />

muSaTa kongresma <strong>da</strong>iwyes informaciis gavrceleba axali kanonmdeblobis<br />

Sesaxeb. Tamilurma, inglisurma <strong>da</strong> sinhalurma mediis saSualebebma araerTxel<br />

gaavrcela informacia sagazeTo statiebis, radioga<strong>da</strong>cemebis <strong>da</strong> televiziis<br />

saSualebiT kanomdeblobasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT <strong>da</strong> aseve imis Sesaxeb, Tu sad <strong>da</strong><br />

rogor un<strong>da</strong> moxdes <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>ze ganacxadebis Setana.<br />

Sinagan saqmeTa saministrosa <strong>da</strong> imigraciis departamentis kontrolis<br />

palatis mier Sedgenili administraciuli procedurebi martivia, lakoniuri<br />

<strong>da</strong> samarTliani. <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebisTvis <strong>da</strong>dgin<strong>da</strong> ori sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />

tipis procedura:<br />

_ de faqto <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebs, romelnic indoeTis 1982<br />

wlis deklaraciis Semdeg va<strong>da</strong>gasul Cveulebriv indur pasportebs<br />

floben, sTxoven gamoxaton sakuTari survili Sri lankis <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

nebayoflobiT miRebis Sesaxeb. amas, rogorc wesi, ojaxis Tavi wyvets.<br />

am survilis gamomxatveli dokumenti saimigracio samsaxurma ormagi<br />

xelmoweriT un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>a<strong>da</strong>sturos. <strong>da</strong>sturis SemTxvevaSi ojaxis yvela wevrs<br />

eniWeba <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>.<br />

_ de iure <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebs ar moeTxovebaT werilobiTi<br />

gancxadebis wardgena, Tumca maT mouwodeben xeli moaweron specialur<br />

gancxadebas, romlis ZaliTac, xelisuflebis warmomadgenlis mier<br />

xelmoweris Semdeg, gaadvildeba piradobis <strong>da</strong>ma<strong>da</strong>sturebeli dokumentebis<br />

miReba.<br />

orive procedura ufasoa <strong>da</strong> gancxadebis wardgenisTvis raime SemzRudveli<br />

va<strong>da</strong> ar arsebobs.<br />

2003 wlis dekemberSi glukma <strong>da</strong> ceilonis muSaTa kongresma moawyves<br />

erTdRiani seminari 500 moxalisisaTvis. maT SemdgomSi imuSaves 50 moZrav<br />

centrSi, romlebmac moicves Cais plantaciiis regioni, sa<strong>da</strong>c <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

armqone pirebma Semoitanes ganacxadebi <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>ze. moxaliseebs Cautar<strong>da</strong>T<br />

treningi <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis Sesaxeb arsebul ZiriTad faqtebze, 1948<br />

wlis Semdeg gamocemul Sesabamis kanonebze, aseve axal kanonmdeblobasa <strong>da</strong><br />

misi sargeblianobis kriteriumebze.<br />

2003 wlis dekemberSi 10 dRis manZilze Rebulob<strong>da</strong> ganacxadebs <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>ze<br />

mobilur centrebSi myofi personali. glukma <strong>da</strong>afinansa kampania <strong>da</strong><br />

TviTon meTvalyureob<strong>da</strong> mimdinare process, raTa <strong>da</strong>rwmunebuliyo,<br />

51

om ganmcxadeblebi informirebulebi arian <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba miiRes<br />

nebayoflobiT. im Tvis bolos 190 000 ojaxis ufrosma miiRo Sri lankis<br />

<strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>. aqe<strong>da</strong>n 80 000 manamde flob<strong>da</strong> indur pasports, <strong>da</strong>narCenebi ki<br />

de iure <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebi iyvnen.<br />

2004 wlis ivlisSi moewyo meore, Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT patara kampania qveynis<br />

Crdilo_aRmosav leTSi. amjerad 2 000-ze metma <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirma<br />

Seitana ganacxadi <strong>da</strong> miiRo <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>. mas Semdeg qveynisSi<strong>da</strong> TamilTa mxolod<br />

mcire raodenobam moaxerxa <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>ze ganacxadis gakeTeba raionSi<br />

mTavrobis adgilobrivi warmomadgenlis, an de<strong>da</strong>qalaq kolomboSi mdebare<br />

sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis, kanonierebisa <strong>da</strong> wesrigis saministros samoqalaqo<br />

ganyofilebis meSveobiT.<br />

vin afinansebs glukis saqmiaobas?<br />

gluki gaeros erT-erTi im iSviaT saagentoTagania, romelic Tavisi saqmianobis<br />

<strong>da</strong>safinanseblad mTlianad efuZneba nebayoflobiT Semowirulobebs. glukis<br />

wliuri biujetis <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 2 procenti modis gaeros regularul biujetSi<br />

Sesul Semowirulobebze. <strong>da</strong>narCeni ki mTavrobebis, calkeuli pirebis <strong>da</strong><br />

kerZo seqtoris mier nebayoflobiT Semowirulobebze.<br />

2006 wlis <strong>da</strong>sawyisSi 20,8 milioni a<strong>da</strong>miani imyofebo<strong>da</strong> glukis mzrunvelobis<br />

qveS <strong>da</strong> misi biujeti am wels 1,4 miliard aSS dolars Seadgen<strong>da</strong>.<br />

1990-2005 wlebSi glukma sakuTari <strong>da</strong>finansebis 88% miiRo 10 samTavrobo<br />

donorisagan. 2005 wels mas kerZo seqtori<strong>da</strong>n Caericxa 30,2 milion aSS<br />

dolarze meti, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d evropi<strong>da</strong>n, avstralii<strong>da</strong>n, iaponiasa <strong>da</strong> aSS-<strong>da</strong>n.<br />

arasamTavrobo organizaciebsac SeaqvT TavianTi wvlili glukis wliuri<br />

biujetis SevsebaSi, glukis zogierTi programebis mxar<strong>da</strong>saWeri sajaro<br />

mimarTvebis meSveobiT. ukanasknel wlebSi gaizar<strong>da</strong> Semowirulobebi kerZo<br />

seqtori<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> arasamTavrobo organizaciebi<strong>da</strong>n. SeTanxmebuli Zalisxmevis<br />

Sedegad amaRl<strong>da</strong> sazogadoebis cnobierebia done radios, televiziis, presisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> mediis sxva saSualebebiT.<br />

52

Tavi 5<br />

rogor SeuZliaT parlamentarebs <strong>da</strong>xmareba<br />

parlamentarebs TavianTi mdgomareobis gamo gansakuTrebuli SesaZlebloba<br />

gaaCniaT, xeli Seuwyon <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis SemTxvevebis Semcirebas<br />

<strong>da</strong> imis uzrunvelyofas, rom <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebi, saerTaSoriso<br />

kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad, sargeblobdnen maTTvis miniWebuli uflebebiTa<br />

<strong>da</strong> asrulebdnen TavianT movaleobebs. amis gakeTeba SesaZlebelia sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />

gziT: <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb kanonmdeblobis ga<strong>da</strong>xedvisa <strong>da</strong> imis uzrunvelyofiT,<br />

rom igi Seesabamebodes saerTaSoriso stan<strong>da</strong>rtebs; aseve <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

armqone pirebis Sesaxeb 1954 <strong>da</strong> 1961 wlebis konvenciebTan SeerTebiT, <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

armqone pirTa ricxvis Semcirebisa <strong>da</strong> aRmofxvris mcdelobiT <strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli problemebis mogvarebiT.<br />

ra un<strong>da</strong> gaiTvaliswinon parlamentarebma <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

uqonlobis Sesaxeb kanonmdeblobis ganxilvisas?<br />

• ga<strong>da</strong>xedon Sesabamis saerTaSoriso an regionul xelSekrulebebs, romelTa<br />

wevric aris saxelmwifo. ga<strong>da</strong>xedon im xelSekrulebebs, konvenciebsa <strong>da</strong><br />

deklaraciebs, romelsac saxelmwifo iyenebs erovnul kanonmdeblobaSi.<br />

es <strong>da</strong>exmareba maT adgilobrivi kanonmdeblobis interpretaciaSi.<br />

• vinai<strong>da</strong>n bevri saxelmwifo <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>sTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebul debulebebs<br />

nergavs sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva samarTlebriv dokumentSi, ga<strong>da</strong>xedon konstitucias,<br />

<strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>sTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebul kanonmdeblobas, gankargulebebsa <strong>da</strong><br />

erovnuli kanonmdeblobis wyaroebs, ramac SesaZloa naTeli mohfinos<br />

saxelmwifos kanomdeblobas <strong>da</strong> kanonmdeblobis interpretacias.<br />

• ga<strong>da</strong>xedon ormxriv <strong>da</strong> mravalmxriv xelSekrulebebs, romlebic miRebul<br />

iqna saxelmwifoTa samarTalmemkvidreobis SemTxvevebSi.<br />

• Si<strong>da</strong> kanonmdeblobis ga<strong>da</strong>xedvisas gansazRvron, uzrunvelyofs Tu ara<br />

saxelmwifo usafrTxoebis zomebis miRebas <strong>da</strong> sistematur gamoyenebas<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis warmoSobis, <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> CamorTmevis, masze<br />

uaris Tqmisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>kargvis saSiSroebis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n asacileblad.<br />

erovnuli kanonmdeblobis ga<strong>da</strong>xedvisas, SeecadeT pasuxi gasceT Semdgeg<br />

SekiTxvebs:<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> SeZenis Sesaxeb<br />

• SeuZliaT Tu ara bavSvebs miiRon dedis <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>, gansakuTrebiT<br />

im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mamas ar gaaCnia <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> an Tu is ar aris<br />

warmodgenili?<br />

• ra adimistraciuli procedura arsebobs <strong>da</strong>badebis registrirebisaTvis?<br />

gamoiyeneba Tu ara praqtikaSi? uzrunvelyofs Tu ara saxelmwifos kanonmdebloba<br />

<strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>ze <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miRebis SesaZleblobas saxelmwifos<br />

teritoriaze <strong>da</strong>badebuli pirebisaTvis, romebic sxva SemTxvevaSi<br />

53

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebi iqnebodnen?<br />

• exeba Tu ara diskriminaciis akrZalvis principi <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> wesebs?<br />

• samarTalmemkvidre saxelmwifos Seqnis SemTxvevaSi, miiReba Tu ara mxedvelobaSi<br />

utyuari <strong>da</strong> efeqturi kavSiri pirsa <strong>da</strong> saxelmwifos Soris,<br />

piris mudmivi sacxovrebeli adgili samarTalmemkvidre saxelmwifos<br />

warmoSobis dros, piris neba-survili, piris teritoriuli warmoSoba<br />

winamorbedi saxelmwifos moqalaqisaTvis <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miniWebis Taobaze<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis miRebisas?<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> <strong>da</strong>kargvis Sesaxeb<br />

• uzrunvelyofs Tu ara qorwinebis an sxva mizeziT socialuri statusis<br />

SecvlasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli debulebebi <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

acilebis garantias?<br />

• rogor xdeba <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> <strong>da</strong>kargva? SesaZlebelia Tu ara <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

uqonlobis winaswar ganWvreta?<br />

• efuZneba Tu ara moqalaqeobze uari sxva qveynis <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miRebas<br />

an miRebis garantias?<br />

• ucxo qveyanaSi naturalizaciaze ganacxadis Setana cvlis Tu ara piris<br />

moqalaqebriv statuss im SemTxvevaSi, Tu aRniSnul pirs ar aqvs garantirebuli<br />

sxva qveynis <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miReba?<br />

• im SemTxvevebSi, rodesac mosalodnelia <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> CamorTmeva, naTla<strong>da</strong>a<br />

Tu ara gansazRvruli <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> CamorTmevis mizezebi? arsebobs<br />

Tu ara proceduruli garantiebi?<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> aRdgenis Sesaxeb<br />

• aris Tu ara <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> aRdgena gaadvilebuli saxelmwifos teritoriaze<br />

kanonierad <strong>da</strong> mudmivad mcxovrebi yofili moqalaqeebisaTvis?<br />

• SesaZlebelia Tu ara <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> aRdgena im pirisaTvis, romelmac <strong>da</strong>karga<br />

<strong>moqalaqeoba</strong> qorwinebis an sxva mizeziT statusis Secvlis gamo? am<br />

SemTxvevaSi moxdeba Tu ara <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> aRdgena avtomaturad Tu un<strong>da</strong><br />

moxdes ganacxadis gakeTeba <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis periodSi? arsebobs<br />

Tu ara proceduruli garantiebi?<br />

naturalizaciis Sesaxeb<br />

• Tu ucxoeli ganacxads akeTebs naturalizaciaze, moeTxoveba Tu ara mas<br />

yofil <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>ze formaluri uaris Tqmis <strong>da</strong>mtkiceba? Tu sakmarisia<br />

garantia imisa, rom igi gaTavisufldeba yofili <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong>agan axali<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> miRebisTanave?<br />

• naTla<strong>da</strong>a Tu ara gansazRvruli naturalizaciis procesi <strong>da</strong> naturalizaciisaTvis<br />

savaldebulo moTxovnebi?<br />

• arsebobs Tu ara administraciuli praqtika - magaliTad, gaWianurebuli<br />

54

procedurebi, ga<strong>da</strong>Warbebuli ga<strong>da</strong>saxadebi, iseTi dokumentebis moTxovna,<br />

romelTa wardgenac ganmcxadebels ar SeuZlia <strong>da</strong>/an ganmcxadeblisaTvis<br />

araxelsayrela<strong>da</strong>a SezRuduli vadebi _ rac SeiZleba <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

uqonlobis mizezad iqces?<br />

ratom un<strong>da</strong> SeuerTdnen saxelmwifoebi <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone<br />

pirTa statusis Sesaxeb 1954 wlis <strong>da</strong> <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa<br />

ricxvis Semcirebis Sesaxeb 1961 wlis konvenciebs ?<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebis Sesaxeb 1954 <strong>da</strong> 1961 wlebis konvenciebTan<br />

SeerTeba erovnul doneze:<br />

• aZlierebs a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebaTa <strong>da</strong> pirovnebis Rirsebis <strong>da</strong>cvas;<br />

• naTelyofs utyuari <strong>da</strong> efeqturi kavSiris aRiarebas pirovnebebsa <strong>da</strong><br />

saxelmwifos Soris;<br />

• <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis SemTxvevaSi aumjobesebs stabilurobis SegrZnebas<br />

<strong>da</strong> maTi statusis iuridiul <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>sturebas;<br />

• xelmisawvdoms xdis erovnul <strong>da</strong>cvas pirebisTvis rogorc movaleobebis<br />

<strong>da</strong>kisrebis, aseve uflebebis miniWebis mxriv; <strong>da</strong><br />

• xels uwyobs erovnul erTianobas <strong>da</strong> stabilurobas.<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli 1954 <strong>da</strong> 1961 wlebis konvenciebTan<br />

SeerTeba saerTaSoriso doneze<br />

• naTlad gamoxatavs saerTaSoriso sazogadoebasTan TanamSromlobis<br />

survils <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebis ricxvis Semcirebisa <strong>da</strong> aRmofxvris<br />

sakiTxSi.<br />

• aZlierebs saerTaSoriso akrZalvebs individualuri an masobrivi gaZevebis<br />

winaaRmdeg.<br />

• aumjobesebs saerTaSoriso urTierTobebsa <strong>da</strong> stabilurobas.<br />

• naTlad gamoxatavs valdebulebas a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebaTa <strong>da</strong> humanitaruli<br />

stan<strong>da</strong>rtebis <strong>da</strong>cvis mimarT.<br />

• xels uwyobs xalxis ga<strong>da</strong>adgilebis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acilebas, misi gamomwvevi<br />

mizezebis aRmofxvris gziT.<br />

• xels uwyobs saerTaSoriso samarTlis ganviTarebas, romelic exeba <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

miRebas <strong>da</strong> moqmedi <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> SenarCunebas<br />

• <strong>da</strong>xmarebas uwevs gluks moaxdinos saerTaSoriso <strong>da</strong>xmarebis mobilizeba<br />

konvenciebis debulebebis <strong>da</strong>sacavad; <strong>da</strong><br />

• xels uwyobs <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>sTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli <strong>da</strong>vebis mogvarebas.<br />

rogor uerTdeba saxelmwifo konvencias?<br />

saxelmwifoebs SeuZliaT SeuerTdnen 1954 <strong>da</strong> 1961 wlebis konvenciebs nebismier<br />

dros gaeros generalur mdivanTan SeerTebis dokumentis wardgeniT.<br />

SeerTebis dokumenti xelmowerili un<strong>da</strong> iyos saxelmwifos an mTavrobis<br />

meTauris an sagareo saqmeTa ministris mier, xolo Semdeg qveynis warmomad-<br />

55

genlis saSualebiT ga<strong>da</strong>igzavnos gaeros saTao ofisSi niu iorkSi. (SeerTebis<br />

dokumentis nimuSebi mocemulia me-3 <strong>da</strong>narTSi).<br />

SeuZlia Tu ara saxelmwifos gaakeTos <strong>da</strong>Tqma konvenciaze?<br />

gansakuTrebuli pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romlebic SesaZlebelia gavrceldes<br />

calkeul saxelmwifoebze ratificirebis an SeerTebis dros, monawile<br />

saxelmwifoebs konvenciebiT miniWebuli aqvT ufleba konvenciebSi Semaval rig<br />

debulebebze gaakeTon <strong>da</strong>Tqmebi, gar<strong>da</strong> im debulebebisa, romlebic pirveli<br />

wevri saxelmwifoebis mier miiCneva fun<strong>da</strong>menturad:<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa statusis Sesaxeb 1954 wlis konvencia: <strong>da</strong>Tqmebi<br />

<strong>da</strong>uSvebelia Semdeg muxlebze: 1-li (gansazRvreba/gamomricxavi pirobebi), me-3<br />

(diskriminaciis akrZalva), me-4 (religiis Tavisufleba), me-16 (1) (sasamarTlos<br />

ufleba) <strong>da</strong> 33-e<strong>da</strong>n 42-e muxlebamde (<strong>da</strong>skvniTi debulebebi).<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa raodenobis Semcirebis Sesaxeb 1961 wlis<br />

konvencia: <strong>da</strong>Tqmebi <strong>da</strong>saSvebia mxolod Semdeg muxlebze: me-11 (saagento),<br />

me-14 (saerTaSoriso sasamarTlosadmi mimarTva <strong>da</strong>vebis ga<strong>da</strong>sawyvetad), an<br />

me-15 (teritoriebi, romelTa mimarTac valdebuleba akisria xelSemkvrel<br />

saxelmwifos).<br />

TiToeuli konvenciisaTvis <strong>da</strong>saSvebia mxolod SezRuduli raodenobis<br />

<strong>da</strong>Tqmebis gakeTeba.<br />

rogor uzrunvelyofen parlamentarebi konvenciebis efeqtur<br />

<strong>da</strong>nergvas?<br />

un<strong>da</strong> Seicvalos an miRebul iqnas axali erovnuli sakanonmdeblo baza, raTa<br />

moxdes orive konvenciis debulebebis efeqturi <strong>da</strong>nergva. calkeuli saxelmwifos<br />

samarTlebrivi tradiciebisa <strong>da</strong> resursebis saerTaSoriso valdebulebebTan<br />

SesabamisobaSi moyvanis uzrunvelyofis mizniT, gluks SeuZlia<br />

saxelmwifoebs SesTavazos Tavisi eqspertebis rCevebi.<br />

ra praqtikuli nabijebis ga<strong>da</strong>dgma SeuZliaT parlamentarebs,<br />

raTa waaxalison mTavrobebi, SeuerTdnen konvenciebs?<br />

• un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>dgindes, aris Tu ara saxelmwifo erT_erTi an orive konvenciis<br />

wevri.<br />

• Tu saxelmwifo jer ar SeerTebia am konvenciebs, saWiroa mTavrobisadmi<br />

werilobiTi an zepiri mimarTvis sakiTxis ganxilva an kerZo iniciativiT<br />

SemuSavdes kanonproeqti.<br />

• Tu parlaments gonivrul va<strong>da</strong>Si waredgina ratifikaciis an SeerTebis<br />

SemoTavazeba, saWiro informaciis Seswavlis Semdeg, kenWis yris dros<br />

sakiTxi SeerTebis sasargeblod un<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>wydes.<br />

• im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mTavroba gonivrul va<strong>da</strong>Si ver axerxebs parlamentis<br />

winaSe aRniSnuli sakiTxis <strong>da</strong>yenebas, saWiroa saparlamento proceduris<br />

gamoyenebiT gairkvas, Tu ra mizeziT aferxebs mTavroba am process <strong>da</strong><br />

eTxovos mTavrobas <strong>da</strong>yovnebis gareSe Seudges ratificirebis/SeerTebis<br />

process.<br />

56

• Tu mTavrobas xelmowerili aqvs erT_erTi an orive konvencia, magram<br />

aWianurebs ratificirebis process, saWiroa saparlamento proceduris<br />

gamoyenebiT gairkves, Tu ratom aferxebs mTavroba procesis <strong>da</strong>srulebas<br />

<strong>da</strong> aseve mieces am procesis <strong>da</strong>Cqarebis rekomen<strong>da</strong>cia. saWiroa parlamentis<br />

mier sakanonmdeblo iniciativis uflebis gamoyeneba <strong>da</strong> am sakiTxTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT kanonproeqtis wardgena.<br />

• Tu mTavroba ewinaaRmdgeba ratificireba/SeerTebas, saWiroa amis mizezis<br />

<strong>da</strong>wvrilebiTi Seswavla. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, parlamentma un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>exmaros<br />

mTavrobas saeWvo <strong>da</strong> gaugebari sakiTxebis garkvevaSi <strong>da</strong> procesis<br />

<strong>da</strong>saCqareblad gamoiyenos mis xelTarsebuli politikuri kavSirebi.<br />

ratificirebis/SeerTebis sakiTxis <strong>da</strong>debiTad ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetis mizniT saWiroa<br />

muSaoba amomrCevlebTan.<br />

• Tu saxelmwifo Seiqmna sxva saxelmwifoTa gamoyofis an <strong>da</strong>Slis Sedegad,<br />

xelSekrulebebi, romelTa wevric iyo adre arsebuli saxelmwifo avtomaturad<br />

ar rCeba ZalaSi. axal saxelmwifoebs SeuZliaT SeuerTdnen<br />

adre arsebuli saxelmwifos valdebulebebs, SeuerTdnen rogorc axali<br />

saxelmwifoebi, an mianiSnon sakuTar ganzraxvaze, rom ar surT gaaCndeT<br />

adre arsebuli saxelmwifoebis mier <strong>da</strong>debuli xelSekrulebebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

gamomdinare valdebulebebi.<br />

• konvenciebis ratificirebisa <strong>da</strong> ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg saWiroa <strong>da</strong>rwmuneba<br />

imaSi, rom parlamentis mier miRebuli erovnuli kanonmdebloba<br />

Seesabameba konvenciebSi Semaval debulebaTa moTxovnebs. saWiroa saparlamento<br />

proceduris gamoyeneba, raTa mTavrobam gonivrul va<strong>da</strong>Si<br />

gaugzavnos parlaments axali kanonis an moqmed kanonmdeblobaSi Sesatani<br />

cvlilebebis proeqti.<br />

• Tu mTavroba warudgens parlaments wina<strong>da</strong>debas ratificirebis Taobaze,<br />

romelsac Tan axlavs xelSekrulebis sagnis SemzRudveli <strong>da</strong>Tqmebi,<br />

SeniSvnebi an ganmartebiTi baraTebi <strong>da</strong> irkveva, rom amgvari SezRudvebi<br />

usafuZvloa, saWiroa upirveles yovlisa gaTvaliswinebul iqnas zogadi<br />

interesebi <strong>da</strong> ara calkeuli fraqciebisa, Tu sxva saxis interesebi.<br />

• Tu mTavrobis <strong>da</strong>Tqmebs, SeniSvnebs, an ganmartebiT baraTebs, romlebic<br />

zRu<strong>da</strong>vdnen konvenciebis moqmedebas, gauvi<strong>da</strong> moqmedebis va<strong>da</strong>, un<strong>da</strong> miemarTos<br />

saparlamento proceduras, raTa gairkves, Tu ra miznebi aqvs<br />

mTavrobas <strong>da</strong> moxdes am SezRudvebis moxsna.<br />

• SeerTebasTan <strong>da</strong>/an im erovnuli kanonmdeblobis SedgenasTan <strong>da</strong>kav-<br />

SirebiT, romelic aZlierebs konvenciaSi Semaval debulebebs, rCevisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>xmarebis misaRebad arsebobs mocemul saxelmwifoSi ganlagebuli<br />

an konkretul saxelmwifoze pasuxismgebeli glukis ofisTan (glukis<br />

ofisebis sia ixileT me-4 <strong>da</strong>narTSi) <strong>da</strong>kavSirebis saSualeba.<br />

rogor SeuZliaT parlamentarebs aamaRlon cnobierebis done<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis sakiTxebSi?<br />

parlamentarebs, rogorc TavianTi saxelmwifos erovnuli kanonmdeblobis<br />

Seqmnaze pasuxismgebel pirebs, saukeTeso SesaZlebloba aqvT xeli Seuwyon<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa ricxvis Semcirebas an aRmofxvras <strong>da</strong> uzrunvelyon<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa uflebebis <strong>da</strong>cva. parlamentarebma ara<br />

57

marto un<strong>da</strong> mouwodon TavianT mTavrobebs miiRon saerTaSoriso stan<strong>da</strong>rtebis<br />

Sesabamisi kanonebi, aramed amomrCevelTa mxar<strong>da</strong>Werac un<strong>da</strong> moipovon.<br />

mxolod mas Semdeg, rac samoqalaqo sazogadoeba gaacnobierebs <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

uqonlobasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebul problemebs, is mzad iqneba mxari <strong>da</strong>uWiros parlamentarebis<br />

Zalisxmevas aRniSnul problemaTa mogvarebis sakiTxSi.<br />

parlamentarebs SeuZliaT aamaRlon cnobierebis done sakuTar amomrCevelTa<br />

Soris <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis sakiTxebis <strong>da</strong> <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb srulyofili<br />

kanonmdeblobis mniSvnelobis Taobaze moxsenebebis gakeTebiT, aseve<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis aRmofxvris saWiroebaze sagazeTo statiebis gamoqveynebiT,<br />

arasamTavrobo organizaciebsa <strong>da</strong> sxva samoqalaqo sazogadoebis<br />

warmomadgenlebTan muSaobis gziT, romlebic exmarebian <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone<br />

pirebs <strong>da</strong>, SeZlebis<strong>da</strong>gvarad, uWeren mxars <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis calkeuli<br />

SemTxvevebis swraf mogvarebas.<br />

parlamentarebs SeuZliaT <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis problemis mogvareba<br />

umciresobaTa <strong>da</strong> mosaxlobis sxva jgufebis uflebaTa xelSewyobis gziT,<br />

raTa isini gaxdnen im moqalaqeTa erTobliobis nawili, romlebic Seadgenen<br />

saxelmwifos, <strong>da</strong> sazogadoebaSi dialogis xelSewyobis gziT, romelic migviyvans<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebis moqalaqeebad miRebamde.<br />

ra SeiZleba parlamentarebma gaakeTon am sakiTxTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT<br />

saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis xelSesawyobad?<br />

saerTaSoriso TanamSromloba mniSvnelovania msoflios masStabiT <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong><br />

uqonlobis SemTxvevebis Sesamcireblad. parlamentarebma un<strong>da</strong><br />

uzrunvelyon mTavrobebis srulfasovani monawileoba <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis<br />

aRmofxvris an <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa raodenobis SemcirebasTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebul yvela saerTaSoriso Zalisxmevasa <strong>da</strong> mcdelobaSi, romelic<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa calkeuli SemTxvevebis mogvarebas Seexeba.<br />

parlamentarebma SesaZloa izrunon mezobeli qveynebis parlamentarebis<br />

mowvevaze <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb kanonmdeblobis regionaluri masStabiT ga<strong>da</strong>xedvis<br />

mizniT. saxelmwifoebis mier <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> Sesaxeb kanonmdeblobis<br />

erTmaneTTan SesabamisobaSi moyvana <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> uqonlobis SemTxvevebis<br />

Semcirebis saukeTeso saSualebaa.<br />

58

<strong>da</strong>narTi 1<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa statusis Sesaxeb<br />

1954 wlis gaeros konvenciis wevri saxelmwifoebi<br />

ZalaSi Sesvlis TariRi: 1960 wlis 6 ivnisi<br />

wevr saxelmwifoTa saerTo raodenoba: 60 (2006 wlis 25 seqtembris monacemi)<br />

qveyana<br />

xelmoweris TariRi<br />

ratifikacia (r)<br />

SeerTeba (S)<br />

samarTalmemkvidreoba (s)<br />

albaneTi<br />

2003 wlis 23 ivnisi(S)<br />

alJiri<br />

1964 wlis 15 ivlisi (S)<br />

antigua <strong>da</strong> barbu<strong>da</strong><br />

1988 wlis 25 oqtomberi (s)<br />

argentina<br />

1972 wlis 1 ianvari (S)<br />

avstralia<br />

1973 wlis 13 dekemberi (S)<br />

azerbaijani<br />

1996 wlis 16 agvisto (S)<br />

barbadosi<br />

1972 wlis 6 marti (s)<br />

belgia<br />

1960 wlis 27 maisi (r)<br />

belizi<br />

2006 wlis 14 seqtemberi (S)<br />

bolivia 1954 wlis 28 seqtemberi 1983 wlis 6 oqtomberi (S)<br />

bosnia hercogovina<br />

1993 wlis 1 seqtemberi (s)<br />

bocvana<br />

1969 wlis 25 Tebervali (s)<br />

brazilia 1954 wlis 28 seqtemberi 1996 wlis 13 agvisto (r)<br />

germania 1954 wlis 28 seqtemberi 1976 wlis 26 oqtomberi (r)<br />

guatemala 1954 wlis 28 seqtemberi 2000 wlis 28 noemberi (S)<br />

gvinea<br />

1962 wlis 21 marti (S)<br />

<strong>da</strong>nia 1954 wlis 28 seqtemberi 1956 wlis 17 ianvari (r)<br />

didi britaneTi<br />

1959 wlis 16 aprili (r)<br />

ekvadori 1954 wlis 28 seqtemberi 1970 wlis 2 oqtomberi (r)<br />

el salvadori 1954 wlis 28 seqtemberi<br />

espaneTi<br />

1997 wlis 12 maisi (S)<br />

vatikani<br />

1954 wlis 28 seqtemberi<br />

zambia<br />

1974 wlis 1 noemberi (s)<br />

zimbabve<br />

1998 wlis 1 dekemberi (s)<br />

irlandia<br />

1962 wlis 17 dekemberi (S)<br />

israeli 1954 wlis 1 oqtomberi 1958 wlis 23 dekemberi (r)<br />

italia 1954 wlis 20 oqtomberi 1962 wlis 3 dekemberi (r)<br />

iugoslaviis<br />

2001 wlis 12 marti (s)<br />

federaluri resp.<br />

kiribati<br />

1983 wlis 29 noemberi (s)<br />

kolumbia<br />

1954 wlis 30 dekemberi<br />

koreis respublika<br />

1962 wlis 22 agvisto (S)<br />

kosta rika 1954 wlis 28 seqtemberi 1977 wlis 2 noemberi (r)<br />

latvia<br />

1999 wlis 5 noemberi (S)<br />

lesoto<br />

1974 wlis 4 noemberi (s)<br />

59

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa statusTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli<br />

1954 wlis gaeros konvenciis wevri saxelmwifoebi (gagrZeleba)<br />

qveyana<br />

xelmoweris TariRi<br />

ratifikacia (r)<br />

SeerTeba (S)<br />

samarTalmemkvidreoba (s)<br />

liberia<br />

1964 wlis 11 seqtemberi (S)<br />

libia<br />

1989 wlis 16 maisi (S)<br />

litva<br />

2000 wlis 7 Tebervali (S)<br />

lixtenSteini 1954 wlis 28 seqtemberi<br />

luqsemburgi 1955 wlis 28 oqtomberi 1960 wlis 27 ivnisi (r)<br />

ma<strong>da</strong>gaskari*<br />

[1962 wlis 20 Tebervali] (s)<br />

makedonia (yofili<br />

1994 wlis 18 ianvari<br />

iugoslaviis respublika)<br />

meqsika<br />

2000 wlis 7 ivnisi (S)<br />

norvegia 1954 wlis 28 seqtemberi 1956 wlis 19 noemberi (r)<br />

rumineTi<br />

2006 wlis 27 ianvari (S)<br />

saberZneTi<br />

1975 wlis 4 noemberi (S)<br />

safrangeTi 1955 wlis 12 ivnisi 1960 wlis 8 marti (r)<br />

senegali<br />

2005 wlis 21 seqtembers (S)<br />

sent vinsenti <strong>da</strong><br />

1999 wlis 27 aprili s<br />

grenadini<br />

svazilendi<br />

1999 wlis 16 noemberi (S)<br />

somxeTi<br />

1994 wlis 18 maisi (S)<br />

slovakeTi<br />

2000 wlis 3 aprili (S)<br />

slovenia<br />

1992 wlis 6 ivlisi (s)<br />

trini<strong>da</strong>di <strong>da</strong> tobago<br />

1966 wlis 11 aprili (s)<br />

tunisi<br />

1969 wlis 29 ivlisi (S)<br />

ugan<strong>da</strong> 1954 wlis 28 seqtemberi 1965 wlis 15 aprili (S)<br />

ungreTi<br />

2001 wlis 21 noemberi (S)<br />

urugvai<br />

2004 wlis 2 aprili (S)<br />

filipinebi<br />

1995 wlis 22 ivnisi<br />

fineTi<br />

1968 wlis 10 oqtomberi (S)<br />

fiji<br />

1972 wlis 12 ivnisi (s)<br />

Cadi<br />

1999 wlis 12 agvisto (S)<br />

CexeTis respublika<br />

2004 wlis 19 ivlisi (S)<br />

SvedeTi 1954 wlis 28 seqtemberi 1965 wlis 2 aprili (r)<br />

Sveicaria 1954 wlis 28 seqtemberi 1972 wlis 3 ivlisi (r)<br />

xorvatia<br />

1992 wlis 12 oqtomberi (s)<br />

hondurasi<br />

1954 wlis 28 seqtemberi<br />

holandia 1954 wlis 28 seqtemberi 1962 wlis 12 aprili (S)<br />

* 1965 wlis 2 aprils generaluri mdivnis mier miRebuli Setyobinebis safuZvelze<br />

ma<strong>da</strong>gaskaris mTavrobam moaxdina konvenciis denonsacia. denonsacia ZalSi Sevi<strong>da</strong><br />

1966 wlis 2 aprils.<br />

60

<strong>da</strong>narTi 2<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa ricxvis Semcirebis Sesaxeb 1961<br />

wlis gaeros konvenciis wevri saxelmwifoebi<br />

ZalaSi Sesvlis TariRi: 1975 wlis 13 dekemberi<br />

wevri saxelmwifoTa saerTo raodenoba: 32 (2006 wlis 25 seqtembris<br />

monacemi)<br />

qveyana<br />

avstralia<br />

avstria<br />

azerbaijani<br />

albaneTi<br />

axali zelandia<br />

bolivia<br />

bosnia hercogovina<br />

germania<br />

guatemala<br />

<strong>da</strong>nia<br />

didi britaneTisa <strong>da</strong><br />

CrdiloeT irlandiis<br />

gaerTianebuli samefo<br />

ratifikacia (r)<br />

xelmoweris TariRi<br />

SeerTeba (S)<br />

samarTalmemkvidreoba (s)<br />

1973 wlis 13 dekemberi (S)<br />

1972 wlis 22 seqtemberi (S)<br />

2003 wlis 9 ivlisi (S)<br />

1983 wlis 6 oqtomberi (S)<br />

2006 wlis 14 seqtemberi (S)<br />

1996 wlis 13 dekemberi (S)<br />

1977 wlis 31 agvisto (S)<br />

2001 wlis 19 ivlisi (S)<br />

1977 wlis 11 ivlisi (S)<br />

1973 wlis 13 dekemberi (S)<br />

1961 wlis 30 agvistos 1966 wlis 29 marti<br />

dominikis respublika 1961 wlis 5 dekemberi<br />

irlandia<br />

1973 wlis 18 ianvari (S)<br />

israeli<br />

1961 wlis 30 agvisto<br />

kana<strong>da</strong><br />

1978 wlis 17 ivlisi (S)<br />

kiribati<br />

1983 wlis 29 noemberi (s)<br />

kosta rika<br />

1977 wlis 2 noemberi (S)<br />

latvia<br />

1992 wlis 14 aprili (S)<br />

lesoto<br />

2004 wlis 24 seqtemberi (S)<br />

liberia<br />

2004 wlis 22 seqtemberi (S)<br />

libia<br />

1989 wlis 16 maisi (S)<br />

nigeria<br />

1985 wlis 17 ivnisi (S)<br />

niderlandebi 1961 wlis 30 agvisto 1985 wlis 13 maisi (r)<br />

norvegia<br />

1971 wlis 11 agvisto (S)<br />

rumineTi<br />

2006 wlis 27 ianvari (S)<br />

safrangeTi<br />

1962 wlis 31 maisi<br />

senegali<br />

2005 wlis 21 seqtemberi (S)<br />

svazilendi<br />

1999 wlis 16 noemberi (S)<br />

slovakeTi<br />

2000 wlis 3 aprili (S)<br />

somxeTi<br />

1994 wlis 18 maisi (S)<br />

tunisi<br />

2000 wlis 12 maisi (S)<br />

urugvai<br />

2001 wlis 21 seqtemberi (S)<br />

SvedeTi<br />

1969 wlis 19 Tebervali (S)<br />

Cadi<br />

1999 wlis 12 agvisto (S)<br />

CexeTis respublika<br />

2001 wlis 19 dekemberi (S)<br />

61

<strong>da</strong>narTi 3<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa statusis Sesaxeb<br />

1954 wlis gaeros konvenciasTan SeerTebis samodelo<br />

dokumenti<br />

vinai<strong>da</strong>n, konvencia <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa statusis Sesaxeb miRebulia<br />

gaeros generaluri asambleis mier aTas cxraas ormoc<strong>da</strong>ToTxmeti wlis oc<strong>da</strong>rva<br />

seqtembers <strong>da</strong> 35-e muxlis Tanaxmad Riaa SeerTebisaTvis;<br />

<strong>da</strong>, vinai<strong>da</strong>n, zemoT naxsenebi 35-e muxlis me-3 nawili iTvaliswinebs, rom<br />

SeerTebisaTvis saWiroa gaeros generalur mdivanTan SeerTebis aqtis<br />

deponireba;<br />

aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, qvemorexelmomweri [saxelmwifos meTauri, mTavrobis<br />

meTauri an sagareo saqmeTa ministri] winamdebare SetyobinebiT acxadebs<br />

[Sesabamisi saxelmwifo]-s konvenciasTan SeerTebis Taobaze;<br />

xelmowerilia Cems mier _________________<br />

-Si, aTas cxraas _________________<br />

wlis<br />

_________________<br />

[ricxvi <strong>da</strong> Tve] .<br />

[saxelmwifos beWedi <strong>da</strong> mTavrobis<br />

meTauris sagareo saqmeTa<br />

ministris xelmowera...]<br />

[saxelmwifos meTauris,<br />

pasuxismgebeli piris xelmowera,<br />

Tu esaWiroeba...]<br />

62

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa ricxvis Semcirebis Sesaxeb<br />

1961 wlis konvenciasTan SeerTebis samodelo dokumenti<br />

vinai<strong>da</strong>n, konvencia <strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirTa ricxvis Semcirebis Sesaxeb<br />

miRebulia uflebamosil pirTa mier aTas cxraas samoc<strong>da</strong>erTi wlis oc<strong>da</strong>aT<br />

agvistos <strong>da</strong> me-16 muxlis Tanaxmad Riaa SeerTebisaTvis;<br />

<strong>da</strong>, vinai<strong>da</strong>n, zemoT naxsenebi me-16 muxlis me-3 nawili iTvaliswinebs, SeerTebisaTvis<br />

saWiroa gaeros generalur mdivanTan SeerTebis aqtis deponireba;<br />

aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, xelmomweri [saxelmwifos meTauri, mTavrobis meTauri<br />

an sagareo saqmeTa ministri] winamdebare SetyobinebiT acxadebs [Sesabamisi<br />

saxelmwifo]-s konvenciasTan SeerTebis Taobaze;<br />

xelmowerilia Cems mier _________________<br />

-Si, aTas cxraas _________________<br />

wlis<br />

_________________<br />

[ricxvi <strong>da</strong> Tve].<br />

[saxelmwifos beWedi <strong>da</strong> pasuxismgebeli<br />

piris xelmowera, Tu<br />

esaWiroeba...]<br />

[saxelmwifos meTauris,<br />

mTavrobis meTauris, sagareo<br />

saqmeTa ministris xelmowera...]<br />

63

<strong>da</strong>narTi 4<br />

glukis warmomadgenlobebi<br />

avstralia<br />

glukis regionaluri<br />

warmomadgenloba<br />

avstraliaSi, axal<br />

zelandiaSi, papaua axal<br />

gvineasa <strong>da</strong> mimdebare<br />

kunZulebze avstraliaSi<br />

15 Hunter Street<br />

Yarralumla ACT 2600<br />

Canberra<br />

tel: +61 2 6273 2733<br />

faqsi: +61 2 6273 6822<br />

avstria<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

avstriaSi<br />

Vienna <strong>Inter</strong>national Centre<br />

(Building J, 1st floor)<br />

Wagramerstrasse 5<br />

PO Box 550<br />

1400 Vienna<br />

tel: + 431 260604047<br />

faqsi: + 43 1 2634115<br />

avRaneTi<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

avRaneTSi<br />

PO Box 3232<br />

Kabul or<br />

41 Jadi Solh (Peace Avenue)<br />

Kabul<br />

tel: +92 51 922 11 25<br />

faqsi: +92 51 282 05 11<br />

albaneTi<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

albaneTSi<br />

Rruga “Donika Kastrioti”<br />

Tirana<br />

tel: +355 42 50 207<br />

faqsi: +355 42 28 492<br />

azerbaijani<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

azerbaijanSi<br />

3, Azer Aliyev Street<br />

Baku<br />

tel: +99 412 92 1443<br />

faqsi: +99 412 98 1134<br />

alJiri<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

alJirSi<br />

Boite Postal 444<br />

Hydra<br />

Alger<br />

or<br />

20 Rue Emile Payen<br />

Hydra<br />

Alger<br />

tel: +213 21 69 1212<br />

faqsi: +213 21 69 2374<br />

angola<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

angolaSi<br />

C.P. 1342<br />

Luan<strong>da</strong><br />

or<br />

Rua Eduard Mondlaine/SN<br />

Luan<strong>da</strong><br />

tel: +244 2332 046<br />

faqsi: +244 2331 652<br />

argentina<br />

glukis regionaluri<br />

warmomadgenloba samxreT<br />

amerikis samxreTisTvis<br />

Cerrito 836<br />

10 Piso _ 1010<br />

Buenos Aires<br />

tel: +54 11 4815 7870<br />

faqsi: +54 11 4815 4352<br />

aSS<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

amerikis SeerTebul<br />

Statebsa <strong>da</strong> karibis<br />

zRvisTvis<br />

1775 K Street, NW,<br />

Suite 300<br />

Washington DC 20006<br />

tel: +1 202 296 5191<br />

faqsi: +1 202 296 5660<br />

bangladeSi<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

bangladeSSi<br />

PO Box 3474<br />

Dhaka 1000 or<br />

House N/E (N) 8, Road 90,<br />

Gulshan 2, Dhaka 1212<br />

tel: +8802 88 2 68 02<br />

faqsi: +8802 88 2 65 57<br />

belgia<br />

glukis regionaluri<br />

warmomadgenloba<br />

belgiis, luqsemburgisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> evropuli<br />

organizaciebisTvis<br />

Rue Van Eyck 11a<br />

B-1050 Bruxelles<br />

tel: +32 2 649 01 53<br />

faqsi: +32 2 627 17 30<br />

belorusia<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

belorusiaSi<br />

Prospekt Partizanskij 6 A,<br />

6th floor<br />

Minsk 220033<br />

tel: +375 172983335<br />

faqsi: +375 172982369<br />

benini<br />

glukis regionaluri<br />

warmomadgenloba beninSi<br />

burkina faso, nigeria <strong>da</strong><br />

togo<br />

Boite Postale 08-1066<br />

Lot 01 Patte d’Oie<br />

Cotonou<br />

tel: +229 30 28 98<br />

faqsi: +229 30 28 90<br />

64

osnia hercogovina<br />

glukis regionaluri<br />

warmomadgenloba<br />

UNIS Building Fra Andjela<br />

Zvizdovica 1<br />

71000 Sarajevo<br />

tel: +387 33 666 160<br />

faqsi: + 387 33 290 333<br />

bocvana<br />

glukis misiis<br />

xelmZRvanelis ofisi<br />

bocvanaSi<br />

PO Box 288<br />

Gabarone<br />

or<br />

UN House – Plot 22<br />

Khama Crescent<br />

Gabarone<br />

tel: +267 35 21 21<br />

faqsi: + 267 57 09 96<br />

brazilia<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

braziliaSi<br />

Setor Comercial Norte<br />

Quadra 02, Bloco A<br />

11th Floor – Ed. Corporate<br />

Financial Center<br />

CEP 70712-901<br />

Brasilia – DF<br />

tel: +55 61 3038 9272<br />

faqsi: +55 61 3038 9279<br />

bulgareTi<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

bulgareTSi<br />

19 Denkoglu str,<br />

1000 Sofia<br />

tel: + 359 2 98 02 453<br />

faqsi: + 359 2 98 01 639<br />

burundi<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

burundSi<br />

B.P. 307, Bujumbara<br />

or<br />

No. 1, Avenuedu Large<br />

4620 Bujumbara<br />

tel: + 257 22 3245<br />

faqsi: + 257 22 95 23/24<br />

19 87<br />

gaboni<br />

glukis regionaluri<br />

warmomadgenloba gabonSi<br />

BP 20472<br />

Libreville<br />

or<br />

Quartier Sotega<br />

Libreville<br />

tel: +241 77 8262<br />

faqsi: +241 77 8278<br />

gaero (niu iorki)<br />

glukis ofisi niu iorkSi<br />

PO Box 20<br />

Grand Central<br />

New York<br />

NY 10017<br />

or<br />

220 East 42nd Street<br />

Suite 3000<br />

New York<br />

NY 10017<br />

tel: +1 212 963 00 32<br />

faqsi: +1 212 963 00 74<br />

gambia<br />

glukis misiis<br />

xelmZRvanelis ofisi<br />

gambiaSi<br />

PO Box 4249<br />

Bakau<br />

or<br />

6th Street East<br />

Kotu Lauout<br />

Bakau<br />

tel: +220 4 460 850<br />

faqsi: +220 4 464 169<br />

gana<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

ganaSi<br />

№25 sir Arku Korsah Street<br />

Roman Ridge,<br />

Airport Residential Area<br />

Accra<br />

tel: +233 21776 108<br />

faqsi: +233 21 773 3158<br />

germania<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

germaniaSi<br />

Wallstrasse 9 – 13<br />

10179 Berlin<br />

tel: +49 302022020<br />

faqsi: +49 30 2022 0220<br />

gvinea<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

gvineaSi<br />

B.P. 4158<br />

Coleah Corniche-Sud<br />

Conakry<br />

tel: +224 46 47 09<br />

faqsi: +224 46 58 08<br />

didi britaneTi<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

gaerTianebul samefoSi<br />

Stand Bridge House<br />

138-142 Strand<br />

London<br />

WR2R 1HH<br />

tel: + 44 20 7759 80 90<br />

faqsi: + 44 20 7759 81 19<br />

egvipte<br />

glukis regionaluri<br />

warmomadgenloba<br />

egviptis arabeTis<br />

respublikaSi<br />

PO Box 1844<br />

Cairo or<br />

No 8 el Fawakeh Street<br />

Mohandessin, Giza<br />

Cairo<br />

tel: +20 2 762 1570<br />

faqsi: +20 2 762 1576<br />

eTiopia<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

eTiopiaSi<br />

PO Box 1076<br />

Addis Ababa Or<br />

Bole Road, Were<strong>da</strong> 1<br />

Kebele 23<br />

House No 1255/01-02<br />

Addis Ababa<br />

tel : + 251 1 612 222<br />

faqsi: + 251 1 611 666<br />

ekvadori<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

ekvadorSi<br />

65

Aveni<strong>da</strong> Amazonas 2889<br />

y la Granja<br />

Edificio Naciones Uni<strong>da</strong>s<br />

Piso 2 Quito<br />

tel: +593 2 2460 272<br />

faqsi: +593 2 2460 280<br />

erayi<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

eraySi<br />

PO Box 10141 Karra<strong>da</strong><br />

Bagh<strong>da</strong>d or<br />

District Number 904<br />

Hay Al-Wah<strong>da</strong><br />

Street Number 42<br />

Building Number 52<br />

Bagh<strong>da</strong>d<br />

tel: +964 1 719 0670<br />

faqsi: + 1 212 963 3009<br />

eriTrea<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

eriTreaSi<br />

PO Box 1995, Asmara<br />

Or House Number 108<br />

Emperor Yohanned<br />

Avenue Asmara<br />

tel: +291 1 12 61 21<br />

faqsi: +291 1 12 72 55<br />

espaneTi<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

espaneTSi<br />

Aveni<strong>da</strong> General Pero 32-2Є<br />

PO Box 36-121<br />

E-28020 Madrid<br />

tel: +34 91 556 36 49<br />

faqsi: +34 91 417 5345<br />

venesuela<br />

glukis regionaluri<br />

warmomadgenloba<br />

samxreT amerikis CrdiloeTisaTvis<br />

Apartado Postal 69045<br />

Caracas 1062-A Or<br />

Parque Cristal, Torre Oeste<br />

Piso 4, Oficina 4-4, 4-5 y 4-6<br />

Av. Francisco de Miran<strong>da</strong><br />

Urbanizaciуn Los Palos<br />

Grandes<br />

Caracas<br />

66<br />

tel: +58 212 286 3883<br />

faqsi: +58 212 286 9687<br />

vietnami<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

vietnamis socialistur<br />

respublikaSi<br />

60 Rue Nguyen Thai Hoc<br />

Ba Dinh District<br />

Hanoi<br />

tel: +84 4 845 78 71<br />

faqsi: +84 4 823 20 55<br />

zambia<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

zambiaSi<br />

P.O. Box 32542<br />

10101 Lusaka or<br />

17C Leopards Hill Road<br />

Kabulonga<br />

10101 Lusaka<br />

tel: +260 1 265 619<br />

faqsi: +260 1 265 914<br />

zimbabve<br />

misiis xelmZRvanelis<br />

glukis ofisi zimbabveSi<br />

P.O. Box 4565<br />

Harare Or<br />

2nd Floor, Takura House<br />

67-69 Union Avenue<br />

Harare<br />

tel: +263 4 793 274<br />

faqsi: +263 4 708 528<br />

TurqeTi<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

12. Cadde, 212. Sokak No 3<br />

3 Sancak Mahallesi,<br />

Cankaya<br />

Ankara<br />

tel: +90 312 409 7000<br />

faqsi: +90 312 441 2173<br />

TurqmeneTi<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

TurqmeneTSi<br />

40, Galkynysh Street<br />

744013 Ashgabat<br />

tel: +993 12 425 684<br />

faqsi: +993 12 425 691<br />

iaponia<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

iaponiaSi<br />

UNU Bldg., 6F – 5-53-70,<br />

Jingumae<br />

Shibuya-ku, Tikyo 159-0001<br />

tel: + 81 33 499 20 11<br />

faqsi: + 81 33 499 22 72<br />

iemeni<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

iemenis respublikaSi<br />

PO Box 12093<br />

Sana’a<br />

or<br />

Algeria Street, No. 38<br />

Building No 2<br />

Sana’a<br />

tel: +967 1 469 771<br />

faqsi: +967 1 469 770<br />

indonezia<br />

glukis regionaluri<br />

warmomadgenloba<br />

indoneziaSi<br />

PO Box 6602/JKPWK<br />

Jakarta 10310<br />

Menova Ravindo<br />

J1. Kebon Sirih Kav.75<br />

Jakarta Pusat 10340<br />

tel: +62 21 391 28 88<br />

faqsi: +62 21 391 27 77<br />

ior<strong>da</strong>nia<br />

glukis regionaluri<br />

warmomadgenloba<br />

ior<strong>da</strong>niaSi<br />

PO Box 17101<br />

1195 Amman<br />

Or<br />

5 Hafez Abdul-Haija Street<br />

Deir Ghbar<br />

Amman<br />

tel: +962 6 550 20 30<br />

faqsi: +962 6 592 46 58<br />

israeli<br />

glukis sapatio<br />

warmomadgenloba<br />

israelSi<br />

PO Box 3489

Jerusalem<br />

or<br />

Shlomztsion Ha Malka 10<br />

Jerusalem<br />

tel: +972 2 621 4109<br />

faqsi: +972 2 623 4392<br />

italia<br />

glukis regionaluri<br />

warmomadgenloba<br />

italiaSi<br />

Via Caroncini 19<br />

00197 Roma<br />

tel: +39 06 802121<br />

faqsi: +39 06 802123/24<br />

iranis islamuri<br />

respublika<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

iranis islamur<br />

respublikaSi<br />

No 5, East Em<strong>da</strong>d Street,<br />

Vanak sq.<br />

North Shiraz Ave.<br />

Tehran 19917<br />

tel: +98 21 8805 72 01<br />

faqsi: +98 21 8805 72 12<br />

irlandia<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

irlandiaSi<br />

Suite 4<br />

Merrion House<br />

1/3 Lower Fitzwilliam Street<br />

Dublin 2<br />

tel: +353 1 631 4510<br />

faqsi: +353 1 631 4610<br />

kamboja<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

kambojaSi<br />

PO Box 539<br />

House No 2, Street No 352<br />

Beung Keng Kang<br />

Phnom Penh<br />

tel: + 855 23 216005<br />

faqsi: +855 23 216274<br />

kameruni<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

kamerunSi<br />

Boite Postale 7077<br />

Yaoundé<br />

Or Quartier Nlongkak<br />

Rue No 1032 Batiment no 46<br />

Yaoundé<br />

tel: +237 20 29 54<br />

faqsi: +237 21 35 91<br />

kana<strong>da</strong><br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

kana<strong>da</strong>Si<br />

280 Albert Street, Suite 401<br />

Ottawa<br />

Ontario<br />

KIP 5G8<br />

tel: + 1 613 232 09 09<br />

faqsi: + 1 613 230 18 55<br />

kviprosi<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

kviprosSi<br />

PO Box 1642<br />

1590 Nicosia<br />

or<br />

South: C/O UNFICYP<br />

Secretariat UNPA<br />

Nicosia<br />

tel: +357 2 35 90 25<br />

faqsi: +357 2 35 90 37<br />

kenia<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

keniaSi<br />

in Kenya<br />

PO Box 43801, Nairobi<br />

or Chiromo Road<br />

(next to Caltex Station)<br />

By Consulata church<br />

Westlands<br />

Nairobi<br />

tel: +254 20 444 2000<br />

faqsi: +254 20 423 2080<br />

kolumbia<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

kolumbiaSi<br />

Calle 114 No 9-01 Office 601<br />

Edificio Teleport Torre A<br />

Bogota<br />

tel: + 571 658 06 00<br />

faqsi: + 571 658 06 02<br />

kongos respublika<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

kongos respublikaSi<br />

BP 1093<br />

Brazzaville<br />

or<br />

6, Rue 18 Mars 1977<br />

Quartier Cathedrale<br />

Brazzaville<br />

tel: +242 811 169<br />

+242 815 763 (UNDP)<br />

faqsi: +242 815 912<br />

kongos demokratiuli<br />

respublika<br />

glukis regionaluri<br />

warmomadgenloba<br />

centraluri<br />

afrikisaTvis kongos<br />

demokratiul<br />

respublikaSi<br />

PO Box 7248<br />

Kinshasa 1<br />

or<br />

6729 Avenue de l’OUA<br />

Kinshasa<br />

tel: +243 81 880 1245<br />

faqsi: + 243 81 301 0435<br />

kot divuari<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

kot divuarSi<br />

Cocody, II Plateaux<br />

Abidjan 01 0r<br />

Angle Rue Des Jardins<br />

Boulevard<br />

Latrille<br />

Cocody, II Plateaux<br />

Abidjan<br />

tel: +225 22 515 577<br />

faqsi: +225 22 515 588<br />

koreis respublika<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

koreis respublikaSi<br />

7F Kumsegi Bldg.<br />

16, Euljiro 1 Ga<br />

Joong-Ku<br />

Seoul 100-191<br />

tel: +82 2 773 7011<br />

faqsi: +82 2 773 7014<br />

67

kosta rika<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

kosta rikaSi<br />

Edificio Torre del Este – 5є<br />

Piso Frente a la facultad<br />

de Derecho de la UCR<br />

Apartado Postal 12-<br />

1009 – FECOSA<br />

San Pedro<br />

tel: + 506 225 0049<br />

faqsi: + 506 224 4891<br />

libani<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

libanSi<br />

PO Box 7332<br />

Beirut<br />

Or Michel Bustrus Street<br />

Nasr Building<br />

Achrafieh<br />

tel: +961 1 560 699<br />

faqsi: +961 1 560 717<br />

libia<br />

glukis mTavari misiis<br />

ofisi libiaSi<br />

PO Box 80708<br />

Tripoli<br />

Or Uthman Ibn Affan St<br />

Ben Ashour<br />

Tripoli<br />

tel: + 218 21 361 9662<br />

faqsi: + 218 21 361 9661<br />

liberia<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

liberiaSi<br />

PO Box 9077<br />

Monrovia<br />

or<br />

Haider Building<br />

Mamba Point<br />

Monrovia<br />

tel: +231 22 6233<br />

faqsi: +231 22 6235<br />

luqsemburgi<br />

glukis korespondentis<br />

ofisi luqsemburgSi<br />

1 rue Jean Pierre Brasseur<br />

b.p. 567<br />

2015 Luxembourg<br />

tel: +352 454 018<br />

faqsi: +352 454 303<br />

mainmari<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

mainmarSi<br />

PO Box 1485, Yangon<br />

or<br />

287 Pyay Road<br />

Sanchaung Township<br />

Yangon<br />

tel: +951 524022<br />

faqsi: +951 524 031<br />

mavritania<br />

glukis misiis ufrosis<br />

ofisi mavritaniaSi<br />

C/O UNDP, BP 4405,<br />

Nouakchott<br />

or<br />

Ilot K No 159-160-161<br />

Route de la Corniche<br />

Nouakchott<br />

tel: +222 5 257 414<br />

faqsi: +222 5 256 176<br />

makedonia<br />

(yofili iugoslaviis<br />

respublika)<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

makedoniaSi, yofil<br />

iugoslaviis<br />

respublikaSi<br />

PO Box 873<br />

1000 Skopje<br />

or<br />

Zeleznicka 53<br />

1000 Skopje<br />

tel: +389 2 31118 641<br />

faqsi: +389 2 3131 040<br />

maroko<br />

glukis sapatio<br />

warmomadgenloba<br />

marokoSi<br />

12, Rue de Fes-Hassan<br />

Rabat<br />

tel: +212 377 676 06<br />

faqsi: +212 377 661 96<br />

malaizia<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

malaiziaSi<br />

PO Box 10185<br />

50706 Kuala Lumpur<br />

or<br />

570 Jalan Bukit Petaling<br />

50460 Kuala Lumpur<br />

tel: + 60 3 2141 1322<br />

faqsi: + 60 32 141 1780<br />

malavi<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

malaviSi<br />

PO Box 30230<br />

Lilongwe 3<br />

or<br />

7th Floor<br />

Kang’ombe Building<br />

City Centre<br />

Lilongwe 3<br />

tel: +265 177 2155<br />

faqsi: +265 177 4128<br />

meqsika<br />

glukis regionaluri<br />

warmomadgenloba<br />

meqsikis, centraluri<br />

amerikasa <strong>da</strong> kubaSi<br />

Presidente masaryk 29<br />

sexto piso<br />

Colonia Polanco<br />

11570 Mexico, D.F.<br />

tel: +52 5 55263 9851<br />

faqsi: +52 5 55250 9360<br />

mozambiki<br />

glukis misiis ufrosis<br />

ofisi mozambikSi<br />

PO Box 1198<br />

Maputo<br />

or<br />

Aveni<strong>da</strong> dos Presidentes 33<br />

Maputo<br />

tel: +258 1 490 242<br />

faqsi: +258 1 490 635<br />

moldova<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

moldovis respublikaSi<br />

31 August 1989 Street, #57<br />

68

MD-2012 Chisinau<br />

tel: +373 22 271 853<br />

faqsi: +373 22 271 953<br />

namibia<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

namibiaSi<br />

Private Bag 13310,<br />

Windhoek<br />

or<br />

2nd Floor, Sanlam Building<br />

Independence Avenue<br />

Windhoek<br />

tel: +264 61 237 143<br />

faqsi: +264 61 230 055<br />

nigeria<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

nigeriaSi<br />

UN House Plot no 617/618<br />

Diplomatic Zone<br />

Central Area District<br />

PMB 2851, Garki<br />

Abuja<br />

tel: +234 9 461 8569<br />

faqsi: +234 9 461 8598<br />

nepali<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

nepalSi<br />

PO Box 2374, Kathmandu<br />

or<br />

Dhara Marga Anil Kuti<br />

Maharajgunj<br />

Kathmandu<br />

tel: +977 1441 2521<br />

faqsi: +977 1441 2853<br />

pakistani<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

pakistani<br />

PO Box 1263<br />

Islamabad<br />

or<br />

No 2 Diplomatic Enclave<br />

QUAID-E-AZAM, University<br />

Road<br />

Sector G-4<br />

Islamabad<br />

tel: +92 51 282 9502<br />

faqsi: +92 51 227 9455<br />

panama<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

panamaSi<br />

La Ciu<strong>da</strong>d del Saber<br />

Gaillard Street,<br />

Building 812-B<br />

Panama City<br />

tel: +507 317 1630<br />

faqsi: +507 317 1633<br />

papua axali gvinea<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

papua axal gvineaSi<br />

PO Box 1909, Port Moresby<br />

or<br />

4th Floor – ADF House<br />

(Next St. Mary’s<br />

Catholic Church)<br />

Musgrave Street, Town<br />

Port Moresby.<br />

tel: + 675 321 7422<br />

faqsi: + 675 321 5977<br />

poloneTi<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

poloneTis respublikaSi<br />

2, Aleja Roz<br />

PL-00 556 Warsaw<br />

tel: +48 22 628 69 30<br />

faqsi: +48 22 625 61 24<br />

ruan<strong>da</strong><br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

ruan<strong>da</strong>Si<br />

BP 867<br />

Kigali<br />

or<br />

Bd de L’umugan<strong>da</strong><br />

Commune Kacyiru<br />

Secteur Kimihurura<br />

Cellule Kamukina<br />

Kigali<br />

tel: +250 58 5107<br />

faqsi: +250 58 3485<br />

rumineTi<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

rumineTSi<br />

25, Armeneasca Street,<br />

Sector 2<br />

70228 Bucharest<br />

tel: +40 1 211 29 44<br />

faqsi: +40 1 210 15 94<br />

ruseTis federacia<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

ruseTis federaciaSi<br />

United Nations Office<br />

6 Obukh Pereulok<br />

Moscow 103064<br />

tel: +7 503 232 30 11<br />

faqsi: +7 503 232 30 16<br />

saberZneTi<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

saberZneTSi<br />

23 Taygetou Street<br />

Palaio Psychico<br />

15452 Athens<br />

tel: +30 210 672 64 62<br />

faqsi: +30 210 672 64 17<br />

samxreT afrika<br />

glukis regionaluri<br />

warmomadgenloba samxreT<br />

afrikaSi<br />

PO Box 12506<br />

The Tramshed<br />

Pretoria<br />

or<br />

8th floor<br />

Metro Park Building<br />

351 Cnr. Schoaman<br />

& Prinsloo Str.<br />

Pretoria 0002<br />

Gauteng Province<br />

tel : +27 12 354 8303<br />

faqsi:+27 12 354 8390<br />

safrangeTi<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

safrangeTSi<br />

9, rue Keppler<br />

F-75016 Paris<br />

tel: +33 1 44 43 48 58<br />

faqsi: +33 1 40 70 07 39<br />

saqarTvelo<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

saqarTveloSi<br />

a. yazbegis gamziri, 2a<br />

0160 Tbilisi<br />

69

tel: +995 32 779 612<br />

faqsi: +995 32 441 302<br />

siera leone<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

siera leoneSi<br />

PO Box 475, Freetown<br />

Or 29 Wilkinson Road<br />

Freetown<br />

tel: +232 22 234 321<br />

faqsi: +232 22 234 347<br />

somali<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

somaliSi<br />

PO Box 43801, Nairobi<br />

or<br />

Lion Place<br />

Waiyaki Way<br />

(Next to St Marks Church)<br />

Westlands<br />

Nairobi<br />

Kenya<br />

tel: +254 20 422 2200<br />

faqsi: +254 20 422 2280<br />

somxeTi<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

somxeTSi<br />

14 Petros A<strong>da</strong>myan Str.<br />

Yerevan 375010<br />

tel: +37 41 56 47 71<br />

faqsi: +37 41 56 78 17<br />

saudis arabeTi<br />

glukis regionaluri<br />

warmomadgenloba saudis<br />

arabeTSi<br />

PO Box 94003<br />

Riyadh 11693 or<br />

Fazari Square<br />

Pension Fund Commercial<br />

Complex<br />

Block C-13<br />

Dipomatic Quarters<br />

Riyadh<br />

tel: +966 1 482 8835<br />

faqsi: +966 1 482 8737<br />

su<strong>da</strong>ni<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

su<strong>da</strong>nSi<br />

PO Box 2560, Khartoum or<br />

Mohammed Nageeb Road<br />

(North of Farouk Cemetery)<br />

Khartoum No 2<br />

tel: +249 11 47 11 01<br />

faqsi: +249 11 47 31 01<br />

siriis arabuli<br />

respublika<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

siriaSi<br />

PO Box 30891<br />

Damascus or<br />

Al Malki<br />

Mohamed Al Bazm<br />

Street No 14<br />

Al Nabelsi Building<br />

Damascus<br />

tel: +963 11 373 5940<br />

faqsi: +963 11 373 6108<br />

senegali<br />

glukis regionaluri<br />

warmomadgenloba<br />

senegalSi<br />

BP 3125, 59 rue Docteur<br />

Theze<br />

Dakar<br />

tel: +221 823 66 03<br />

faqsi: +221 823 66 00<br />

serbeTi <strong>da</strong> montenegro<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

serbeTsa <strong>da</strong><br />

montenegroSi<br />

Krunska 58<br />

11000 Belgrade<br />

tel: +381 38 308 2100<br />

faqsi: +381 38 344 2947<br />

slovakeTis respublika<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

slovakeTis respublikaSi<br />

Sturova 6<br />

811 02 Bratislava<br />

tel: +421 2 52 92 78 75<br />

faqsi: +421 2 52 92 78 71<br />

slovenia<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

sloveniaSi<br />

Miklosiceva Cesta 18/II<br />

1000 Ljubljana<br />

tel: +386 1 4328 240<br />

faqsi: +386 1 4328 224<br />

timor-leste<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

timor-lesteSi<br />

PO Box 456<br />

Dili<br />

or<br />

Estra<strong>da</strong> de Balido<br />

Dili<br />

tel: +670 33 13 547<br />

faqsi: +670 33 13 554<br />

tunisi<br />

glukis sapatio<br />

warmomadgenloba tunisSi<br />

BP 863<br />

1035 Tunis or<br />

61 Boulevard Bab Benat<br />

1035 Tunis<br />

tel: +216 715 73586<br />

faqsi: +216 715 70168<br />

tailandi<br />

glukis regionaluri<br />

warmomadgenloba<br />

tailandis, kambojiisa <strong>da</strong><br />

vietnamisaTvis<br />

PO Box 2-121<br />

Raj<strong>da</strong>mnern Avenue<br />

United Nations Building<br />

3rd Floor, Block A<br />

Bangkok 10200<br />

tel: +66 2 288 1234<br />

faqsi: +66 2 280 0555<br />

tanzania<br />

(gaerTianebuli<br />

respublika)<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

tanzaniis gaerTianebul<br />

respublikaSi<br />

PO Box 2666<br />

Dar-es-Salaam<br />

or<br />

70

Plot 18 Kalenga Street<br />

Dar-es-Salaam<br />

tel: +255 22 215 00 75<br />

faqsi: +255 22 215 28 17<br />

tajikeTi<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

tajikeTSi<br />

Prospekt Drujba Naradov 106<br />

Dushanbe, 734013<br />

tel: +992 372 214406<br />

faqsi: +992 372 510039<br />

ugan<strong>da</strong><br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

ugan<strong>da</strong>Si<br />

PO Box 3813, Kampala<br />

or<br />

Plot 18 Prince Charles Drive<br />

Kololo,<br />

Kampala<br />

tel: +256 41 231 231<br />

faqsi: +256 41 256 989<br />

uzbekeTi<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

uzbekeTSi<br />

14 Mahmood Torobi Str<br />

700090 Tashkent<br />

tel: +998 71 120 68 93<br />

faqsi: +998 71 120 68 91<br />

ukraina<br />

glukis regionaluri<br />

warmomadgenloba<br />

ukrainaSi<br />

PO Box 122<br />

Kyiv 01015 or<br />

32A, Sichnevogo<br />

Povstannya Str.<br />

Kyiv 01015<br />

tel: +380 44 573 9424<br />

faqsi: +380 44 288 9850<br />

ungreTi<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

ungreTSi<br />

Felvinci ut 27<br />

1022 Bu<strong>da</strong>pest<br />

tel: +36 133363062<br />

faqsi: +36 13363080<br />

filipinebi<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

filipinebSi<br />

PO Box 2074 (MCPO)<br />

G. Puyat Avenue<br />

1260 Makati<br />

Metro Manila or<br />

3rd Floor, JAKA II Building<br />

150 Legaspi Street<br />

1200 Makati, Metro Manila<br />

tel: +63 2 818 5121<br />

faqsi: +63 2 817 4057<br />

quveiTi<br />

glukis sakavSiro ofisi<br />

PO Box 28742<br />

13148 Safat<br />

Kuwait City or<br />

Khaitan Area<br />

Block No 04<br />

Al Walid Ebin Abdel Malek<br />

Street No 206<br />

Building No 90009<br />

Kuwait City<br />

tel: +965 476 4982<br />

faqsi: +965 476 4257<br />

yazaxeTi<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

yazaxeTSi<br />

67 Tole bi<br />

Almaty – 480091<br />

tel: +7 3272 791244<br />

faqsi: +7 3272 583982<br />

yirgizeTi<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

yirgizeTSi<br />

UN House (3rd foor)<br />

160 Chui Avenue<br />

Bishkek 720010<br />

tel: +996 312 611 264<br />

faqsi: +996 312 611 271<br />

Sveicaria<br />

glukis sakavSiro<br />

ganyofileba Sveicariisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> lixtenSteinisaTvis<br />

Case Postale 2500<br />

94 Rue Montbrillant<br />

CH-1211 Geneve 2<br />

tel: +41 22 739 8755<br />

faqsi: +41 22 739 7379<br />

SvedeTi<br />

glukis regionaluri<br />

warmomadgenloba<br />

skandinaviisa <strong>da</strong><br />

baltiispireTis<br />

qveynebisaTvis SvedeTSi<br />

Ynglingagatan 14 – 6th Floor<br />

S-11347 Stockholm<br />

tel: +46 8 457 4880<br />

faqsi: +46 8 457 4887<br />

Sri lanka<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

Sri lankaSi<br />

97 Rosmead Place<br />

Colombo 07<br />

tel: +94 11 268 3968<br />

faqsi: +94 11 268 3971<br />

Cadi<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

CadSi<br />

B.P. 906<br />

N’Djamena<br />

or<br />

Quartier Car<strong>da</strong>lй, Avenue<br />

Felix Eboué<br />

Immeuble STAT<br />

N’Djamena<br />

tel: + 235 51 86 10<br />

faqsi: + 235 51 5340<br />

CineTis saxalxo<br />

respublika<br />

glukis regionaluri<br />

warmomadgenloba CineTSi<br />

1-2-1, Tayan Diplomatic<br />

Office,<br />

Building 14<br />

Liang Ma He Nan Lu<br />

Beijing 100600<br />

tel: +86 10 6 532 68 06<br />

faqsi: +86 10 6532 16 47<br />

CexeTis respublika<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

CexeTis respublikaSi<br />

Namesti Kinskych 6<br />

71

PO Box 210<br />

150 00 Prague 5<br />

tel: +420 2 571 998 66<br />

faqsi: +420 2 571 998 62<br />

centraluri afrikis<br />

respublika<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

centraluri afrikis<br />

respublikaSi<br />

Boite Postale 950<br />

Bangui or<br />

Rue Joseph Degrain<br />

(Route de Sofitel)<br />

Bangui<br />

tel: + 236 61 40 76<br />

faqsi: + 236 61 98 34<br />

jibuti<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

jibutSi<br />

BP 1885<br />

Djibouti<br />

Or<br />

Rue Abdoulkader Waberi,<br />

Heron<br />

Lot # TF 1148<br />

Quartier Marabout<br />

Djibouti<br />

tel: + 253 35 22 00<br />

faqsi: + 253 35 86 23<br />

xorvatia<br />

glukis warmomadgenloba<br />

xorvatiaSi<br />

3rd floor<br />

24 Slovenska Ulica<br />

10000 Zagreb<br />

tel: +385 1 3713 555<br />

faqsi: +385 1 3713 588<br />

+385 1 3713 565<br />

72

mokled glukisa <strong>da</strong> parlamentTaSorisi kavSiris Sesaxeb<br />

gluki<br />

gaeros ltolvilTa umaRlesi komisariati. (gluki) uflebamosilia uxelmZ-<br />

Rvanelos <strong>da</strong> kooordinireba gauwios saerTaSoriso saqmianobas ltolvilTa<br />

<strong>da</strong>cvisa <strong>da</strong> ltolvilTa problemebis mogvarebis saqmeSi msoflios masStabiT.<br />

gluki miiswrafis imis uzrunvelsayofad, rom yovelma pirma isargeblos<br />

usafrTxo TavSesafris Ziebis uflebiT sxva saxelmwifoSi <strong>da</strong> nebayoflobiT<br />

<strong>da</strong>ubrundes saxls. ltolvilebi sakuTar qveyanaSi <strong>da</strong>brunebiT an sxva<br />

qveyanaSi ga<strong>da</strong>saxlebiT gluki cdilobs problemebis grZelvadian mogvarebas.<br />

glukis aRmasrulebelma komitetma <strong>da</strong> gaeros generalurma asambleam aseve<br />

ufleba mianiWa organizacias, <strong>da</strong>xmareba gauwios sxva jgufebs <strong>da</strong> maT Soris<br />

<strong>moqalaqeobis</strong> armqone pirebs <strong>da</strong> iseT pirebs, romelTa <strong>moqalaqeoba</strong>c sa<strong>da</strong>vod<br />

rCeba <strong>da</strong> aseve konkretul SemTxvevebSi qveynis SigniT iZulebiT ga<strong>da</strong>adgilebul<br />

pirebsac. gluki cdilobs, moiZios gzebi iZulebiTi ga<strong>da</strong>adgilebis<br />

SemTxvevebis Sesamcireblad, mouwodebs saxelmwifoebsa <strong>da</strong> institutebs<br />

Seqmnan pirobebi, romelic Seesabameba a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebaTa <strong>da</strong>cvas <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>vebis<br />

mSvidobian mogvarebas.<br />

organizacia mikerZoebis gareSe sTavazobs <strong>da</strong>cvasa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>xmarebas ltolvilebs<br />

<strong>da</strong> sxvebs maTi saWiroebebis safuZvelze rasis, kanis, feris, religiis,<br />

politikuri msoflmxedvelobis an sqesis ganurCevlad. gluki monawileobis<br />

principis erTgulia <strong>da</strong> awarmoebs konsultaciebs ltolvilebTan yvela im<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, rac gavlenas axdens maT cxovrebaze. gluki<br />

TanamSromlobs mTavrobebTan, regionul, saerTaSoriso <strong>da</strong> arasamTavrobo<br />

organizaciebTan.<br />

parlamentTaSorisi kavSiri<br />

1889 wels Seqmnili parlamentTaSoriso kavSiri saerTaSoriso organizaciaa,<br />

romelic aerTianebs suverenuli saxelmwifoebis parlamentebis warmomadgenlebs.<br />

2006 wlis seqtemberSi parlamentTaSoris kavSirSi warmodgenili<br />

iyo 146 qveynis parlamenti parlamentTaSorisi kavSiri muSaobs xalxTa<br />

Soris mSvidobisa <strong>da</strong> TanamSromlobisaTvis warmomadgenlobiTi institutebis<br />

gaZlierebis mizniT. am mizniT parlamentTaSorisi kavSiri xels uwyobs<br />

urTierTobis <strong>da</strong>myarebsa <strong>da</strong> gamocdilebis gacvlas qveynebis parlamentebsa<br />

<strong>da</strong> parlamentarebs Soris, ganixilavs saerTaSoriso interesis sakiTxebs<br />

<strong>da</strong> gamoxatavs sakuTar azrs am sakiTxebze, xels uwyobs a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebaTa<br />

<strong>da</strong>cvasa <strong>da</strong> popularizacias <strong>da</strong> aseve zoga<strong>da</strong>d zrdis sazogadoebis informirebulobis<br />

dones warmomadgenlobiTi institutebis saqmianobis Sesaxeb.<br />

parlamentTaSorisi kavSiri iziarebs gaeros miznebs <strong>da</strong> mWidrod muSaobs<br />

gaeros sxva saagentoebTan. aseve msgavsi idealebiT motivirebul regionul<br />

parlamentTaSoris <strong>da</strong> saerTaSoriso, samTavrobaTaSoriso <strong>da</strong> arasamTavrobo<br />

organizaciebTan.<br />

73

© parlamentTaSorisi kavSiri 2005<br />

gamocemulia parlamentTaSorisi kavSiris mier<br />

gaeros ltolilTa umaRles komisarTan erTad<br />

yvela ufleba <strong>da</strong>culia. <strong>da</strong>uSvebelia am publikaciis romelime nawilis gamocema,<br />

Senaxva aRdgeniT sistemaSi an raime formiT <strong>da</strong> saSualebiT ga<strong>da</strong>cema<br />

– eleqtronuli, meqanikuri, fotoasliT, CaweriT an sxva gziT – parlamentTaSorisi<br />

kavSiris an gaeros ltolvilTa umaRlesi komisris winaswari<br />

nebarTvis gareSe.<br />

publikacia vrceldeba im pirobiT, rom igi aranairi saxiT ar iqneba gayiduli,<br />

gaqiravebuli an raime sxva formiT gavrcelebuli gamomcemlis winaswari<br />

Tanxmobis gareSe. <strong>da</strong>uSvebelia pirvandeli ydis dizainis an garekanis Secvla.<br />

igive pirobebi vrceldeba yvela Semdgom gamomcemelze.<br />

ISBN 92-9142-284-3 (IPU)<br />

parlamentTaSorisi kavSiris<br />

saTao ofisi<br />

parlamentTaSorisi kavSiri<br />

Chemin du Pommier 5<br />

safosto yuTi 330<br />

CH-1218 Le Grand Saconnex<br />

Jeneva<br />

Sveicaria<br />

tel: +41 22 919 41 50<br />

faqsi: +41 22 919 41 60<br />

el-fosta:<br />

postbox@mail.ipu.org<br />

veb-gverdi: www.ipu.org<br />

parlamentTaSorisi mudmivi<br />

<strong>da</strong>mkvirvebeli gaeroSi<br />

<strong>Inter</strong>-Parliamentary Union<br />

220 East 42d Street<br />

Suite 3002<br />

New York, N.Y. 10017<br />

USA<br />

Tel: +1 212 557 58 80<br />

Fax: +1 212 557 39 54<br />

E-mail: ny-office@mail.ipu.org<br />

gaeros ltolilTa umaRlesi<br />

komisari<br />

safosto yuTi 2500<br />

1211 Jeneva 2<br />

Sveicaria<br />

tel: +41-22-739-8111<br />

faqsi: +41-22-739-7353<br />

veb-gverdi: www.unchr.org<br />

qarTuli versia iTargmna <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>ibeW<strong>da</strong><br />

glukis warmomadgenlobis mier<br />

saqarTveloSi<br />

yazbegis gamziri 2a<br />

0160 Tbilisi, saqarTvelo<br />

tel.: (+995 32) 386202<br />

faqsi: (+995 32) 385422<br />

el. fosta: GEOTB@unhcr.org<br />

www.unhcr.org<br />

74

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