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#47 (176), 26-30.XI, 2011 w. <strong>saerTo</strong> gazeTi<br />
gvesaubreba ekonomikis eqsperti<br />
vaJa beriZe:<br />
_ batono vaJa xelisufleba ganagrZobs<br />
Ria brZolas ivaniSvilis<br />
winaaRmdeg. saparlamento sabiujeto-safinanso<br />
komitetis sxdomaze<br />
erovnuli bankis prezidenti `qar-<br />
Tu bankSi~ wesrigis damyarebaze daiqadna.<br />
amiT `qarTu bankis~ gakotreba<br />
undaT Tu rasTan gvaqvs saqme?<br />
_ erovnuli bankis prezidentis<br />
paTosi aseTia _ Tu `qarTu bankSi~<br />
wesrigi ar damyardeba, me davamyareb<br />
wesrigso. qadagiZe droebiTi administraciis<br />
SeyvaniT imuqreba, rac,<br />
faqtobrivad bankis daxurvis, gakotrebisken<br />
gadadgmuli nabiji iqneba<br />
saxelmwifos mxridan. gana vinmes<br />
saqarTveloSi eWvi epareba, rom<br />
erovnuli banki Cveni xelisuflebis<br />
nawilia da ar aris damoukidebeli<br />
struqtura. igi moqmedebs amJamindel<br />
xelisuflebaSi myofi dajgufebebis<br />
interesebis Sesabamisad. erovnuli<br />
banki xelisuflebis dakve-<br />
Tebs asrulebs. aqedan gamomdinare<br />
es gaxlavT politikur arenaze gamosuli<br />
biZina ivaniSvilisadmi xelisuflebis<br />
muqara. yvela danarCen<br />
politikur ZalasTan, romelsac am<br />
donis finansuri resursi ar aqvs,<br />
xelisuflebas problema ar aqvs imitom,<br />
rom maT an daaSineben, an moisyidian,<br />
rac ivaniSvilTan mimarTebaSi<br />
gamoricxulia. amitom mas ebr-<br />
Zvian yvela meTodiT, mocemul Sem-<br />
TxvevaSi, es meTodi gamoxatulia<br />
bankis winaaRmdeg laSqrobaSi, absoluturad<br />
uniadago saubrebi midis<br />
fulis gaTeTrebis Sesaxeb.<br />
_ fulis gaTeTreba axseneT da<br />
ramdenad kanonieria xelisuflebis<br />
braldebebi. unebarTvod TbilisSi<br />
milionebis tarebis ufleba aravis<br />
aqvso _ ganacxada xelisuflebis<br />
erT-erTma wevrma. ramdenad safuZvliania<br />
es braldeba da rodemde unda<br />
iyos es Tanxa datusaRebuli?<br />
_ Tanxis dapatimreba ukanonoa.<br />
saqme formaluradaa aRZruli _ bi-<br />
Zina ivaniSvils ruseTis garda aqtivebi<br />
amerikasa da evropaSic aqvs.<br />
iq, misi aqtivebis Taobaze SekiTxvebi<br />
dRemde ar dasmula. vfiqrob,<br />
dRevandeli mTavrobis lobi ver<br />
SeZlebs kiTxvebi gaaCinos. aqedan<br />
gamomdinare, es elementalurad politikuri<br />
angariSsworebaa. asec<br />
rom ar iyos, erovnuli bankis prezidentma<br />
Tavs ufleba misca da komerciul<br />
bankebs miuTiTa, rom maT<br />
kvartaluri da wliuri angariSgebis<br />
Taobaze, kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli<br />
masala ar dabeWdon erT-erT<br />
konkretul gazeTSi _`bankebi da<br />
finansebSi~. igi Tavs uflebas aZlevs<br />
Sexvdes zogierT biznesmens<br />
da uTxras _ ratom aris Tqveni<br />
reklamebi `bankebi da finansebSio~,<br />
`erovnuli bankis~ aseTi prezidenti<br />
Tavis mxriv wesrigis damyarebas<br />
cdilobs `qarTu bankSi~. <strong>saerTo</strong>d<br />
unda iTqvas, rom erovnuli banki ar<br />
aris damsjeli organo. erovnuli<br />
banki aris struqtura, romelic<br />
bankebSi arsebul mdgomareobas aregulirebs<br />
da amave dros icavs maT<br />
interesebs. misi saqme ar aris sadamsjelo<br />
operaciebis warmoeba,<br />
bankebis gakotreba da a.S. Tumca am<br />
faqts saqarTveloSi ramdenjerme<br />
ukve hqonda adgili.<br />
_ Tqven, albaT badri patarkaciSvilis<br />
`standart bankis~ SemTxvevas<br />
gulisxmobT.<br />
_ diax, sakmarisia gavixsenoT<br />
`standart bankis~ istoria, aseve,<br />
kaxi kalaZis bankis mimarT ganxorcielebuli<br />
represiebi da a.S. es kidev<br />
erTi dasturia imisa, rom ci-<br />
vilizebuli sazogadoeba aris miTi,<br />
demokratiuli saqarTvelo aris _<br />
miraJi. aq avtoritaruli tendenciebi<br />
sWarbobs risi gamoxatulebacaa<br />
xelisuflebis pozicia _ Tu banki<br />
politikas ar SeeSveba, maSin isini<br />
iq wesrigs daamyareben. ra ufleba<br />
aqvs erovnuli bankis prezidents,<br />
saxelmwifo moxeles, romeli wesdeba,<br />
kanoni aZlevs mas uflebas,<br />
rom erT-erTi bankis _ `qarTus~<br />
xelmZRvanelis nodar javaxiSvilis<br />
misamarTiT miTiTeba gaakeTos _ ra<br />
gancxadebebis gakeTeba SeuZlia da<br />
risi ara nodar javaxiSvils. rac<br />
Seexeba kvalifikacias, rogorc cnobilia,<br />
erovnuli bankis prezidenti<br />
unda Sexvdes bankis generalur<br />
direqtorad daniSnul pirovnebas.<br />
irakli qadagiZe ar xvdeba nodar<br />
javaxiSvils. ratom, ra ufleba<br />
aqvs mas, ar Sexvdes nodar javaxiSvils?<br />
javaxiSvils kompetenturobas<br />
sabanko sferoSi namdvilad ver<br />
dauwunebs. maSin ra xdeba? _ ubralod,<br />
igi asrulebs xelisuflebis<br />
ruporis rols, anu es aris morigi<br />
muqara biZina ivaniSvilis mimarT<br />
_ Tu igi politikidan ar wava, dauxuraven<br />
banks, drakonul zomebs<br />
miiReben misi qonebisa da sakuTrebis<br />
mimarT. rostom mefis sasaxle<br />
pirwmindad, TviTneburad, yovelgvari<br />
sabuTis gareSe dakavebuli aqvs<br />
raRac jgufs ararsebuli miTiuri<br />
xelSekrulebis safuZvelze da<br />
`qarTu jgufis~ warmomadgenlebs<br />
ar uSveben iq remontis dasasruleblad.<br />
es aris is, rasac qurdul<br />
Jargonze `bezpredeli~ hqvia. `kanonieri<br />
qurdebi~ sxvadasxva jgufebisa<br />
da sazogadoebis winaSe `bezpredels~<br />
aRar ewevian, samagierod<br />
ukanonod, yovelgvari samarTlebrivi<br />
procedurebis gareSe gavanadgureT<br />
qurduli samyaro, rac kargia,<br />
magram es kanongareSe moxda da axla<br />
ukve kanonieri qurdebis stil-<br />
Si moqmedi maRali rangis saxelmwifo<br />
moxeleebi da politikosebi saxelisuflebo<br />
wreebSi aRmovaCineT.<br />
swored am `bezpredelis~ gamovlinebaa<br />
qadagiZis gancxadebebi, is, rac<br />
`qarTu bankis~ Tavs xdeba, aseve<br />
rostom mefis sasaxlis da moqalaqeobis<br />
CamorTmeva biZina ivaniSvilisadmi<br />
da a.S.<br />
_ Tqven badri patarkaciSvilis<br />
da kaxi kalaZis bankebis gakotrebis<br />
precendenti gaixseneT. ramdenad mosalodnelia<br />
igive daemarTos `qar-<br />
Tu banksac~ da ra safrTxeebs qmnis<br />
es?<br />
_ es Seqmnis seriozul problemebs,<br />
magram amqveynad arsebobs<br />
ixileT `<strong>saerTo</strong> <strong>gazeTi~</strong><br />
<strong>inter<strong>net</strong>Si</strong><br />
<strong>www</strong>.<strong>saertogazeti</strong>.<strong>net</strong><br />
SemogvierTdiT FACEBOOK-ze<br />
vaJa vaJa beriZe: `es aris is, rasac qurdul<br />
Jargonze `bezpredeli~ hqvia...~<br />
aramxolod qarTuli sasamarTlo,<br />
romelic xelisuflebis wnexis qve-<br />
Saa, aramed saerTaSoriso samarTalic<br />
da vfiqrob, amis gaTvaliswinebiT<br />
xelisufleba ver SeZlebs am<br />
ukanonobis dakanonebas.<br />
_ zogadad razea dafuZnebuli<br />
dRes qarTuli sabanko sistema.<br />
aris Tu ara es maxinji, mafiozuri<br />
sistema, romelsac politikuri koniunqtura<br />
marTavs?<br />
_ mogaxsenebT. qarTuli bankebis<br />
mepatroneebi, ZiriTadad ofSorul<br />
zonebSi daregistrirebuli<br />
kompaniebi arian. Cven zogjer ar viciT<br />
Tu vin arian wamyvani bankebis<br />
mepatroneni, ra kapitali aqvT. SesaZloa<br />
sulac maT ukan rusuli kapitali<br />
arsebobs, an ufro uaresi,<br />
warmomavlobis Savi fuli aris am<br />
sistemaSemqmneli bankebis aqcioner-<br />
Ta ukan? amitom saubari ivaniSvilis<br />
rusul fulze sasaciloa ma-<br />
Sin, rodesac xelisuflebas ekonomikis<br />
2/3 rusuli kapitalisTvis<br />
aqvs gadacemuli. Cvens xelisuflebas<br />
ubralod eSinia personificirebuli<br />
finansuri resursis, romelic,<br />
maTi azriT zRudavs maT Zalauflebas.<br />
imitom, rom fuli Tavis-<br />
Tavad Tavisuflebis, politikuri<br />
sistemis normaluri funqcionirebis,<br />
demokratiis garantia. partiebs<br />
fuli rom hqondeT, gveqneboda demokratia<br />
da ar iqneboda am donis<br />
umuSevroba, siRaribe. magram rodesac<br />
mxolod erTi jgufis xelSia<br />
yvela biznesi, finansuri resursi,<br />
yvela bankis ukan saxelisuflo Zalebi<br />
dganan, amitom isini iseTi<br />
oazisebis gaCenasac ki ewinaaRmdegebian,<br />
rogoricaa erTi mxriv biZina<br />
ivaniSvilis banki, romelic, ra Tqma<br />
unda, absoluturad kanonierad da<br />
civilizebulad iTamaSebs. rodesac<br />
igi samTavrobo proeqtebs afinansebda,<br />
araCveulebrivi, wesieri, kanonieri<br />
banki hqonda, xolo rodesac<br />
politikur sarbielze poziciis<br />
dafiqsireba gadawyvita im wamsve<br />
gaxda saeWvo operaciebis da politikuri<br />
gancxadebebis gamkeTebeli<br />
banki. sagareo saqmeTa komisarma<br />
pirdapir uTxra Cvens xelisufle-<br />
bas _ batonebo, mivceT yvelas politikuri<br />
poziciis dafiqsirebis<br />
saSualeba, procesi unda iyos Ria<br />
da gamWirvale, arbitrma _ qarTvelma<br />
xalxma unda miiRos sruli<br />
informacia yvela wyarodan, raTa<br />
Semdeg samarTliani gadawyvetileba<br />
miiRos. amis gagoneba dRevandel xelisuflbas<br />
ar surs. saubroben,<br />
rom es TiTqos singapurizaciisken<br />
svlaa. amas me ver daveTanxmebi imitom,<br />
rom singapuris sinamdviles<br />
kargad vicnob da vici _ iq kanonis<br />
uzenaesobaa. Cven avtoritarizmis<br />
ufro mZime formisken mivdivarT, es<br />
aris Cinuri modeli. CineTis ekonomika<br />
hyvavis, Cveni _ ara, cifrebi<br />
gamogonilia, saq.stati obieqtur<br />
cifrebs ar awvdis sazogadoebas,<br />
gansxvavebiT CineTisgan _ iq yvela<br />
monacemi sworia, magram samagierod<br />
Tu 600 milioni Cineli dapurebulia<br />
da maTTvis cxovrebis done<br />
amaRlda, 700 milioni Cineli isev<br />
SimSilobs da kacma ar icis rodis<br />
danayrdebian isini. magram Cinuri<br />
modelis, Sanhais tipis megapolis<br />
_ baTumi, quTaisi, foTis samkuTxedis<br />
Seqnis ukan unda idges miliard<br />
300 milioni Cineli. am megapolisis<br />
ukan vin idgeba? _ Cveni megobari<br />
Turqebi, somxebi, azerbaijanelebi,<br />
ukrainelebi da Cveni mteri<br />
ruseTi. ra Tqma unda es sasaciloa<br />
da sabolood cud Sedegebs moitans.<br />
_ batono vaJa, zemoT axseneT,<br />
rom erovnuli banki damoukidebeli<br />
ar aris. zogadad, dRes mas zedamxedvelis<br />
funqcia ufro aqvs. ra<br />
igulisxmeba damoukideblobis ar-<br />
qonis miRma, sabanko saqmes dRes saqarTvelo<br />
ver akontrolebs?<br />
_ erovnuli bankis damoukideblobis<br />
xarisxi, nodar javaxiSvilis<br />
prezidentobisas sakmaod maRali<br />
iyo. managaZe cdilobda poziciis<br />
SenarCunebas, magram axla Zalian<br />
Sesustebulia erovnuli bankis<br />
damoukideblobis xarisxi. mogexsenebaT,<br />
didxans nominalurad vadgendiT<br />
erovnuli valutis kurss sxva<br />
valutebTan mimarTebaSi mcuravi<br />
procedurebis meSveobiT. dRes, es<br />
kursi pirTa SezRuduli wris mier<br />
ganisazRvreba, zogierTs erovnul<br />
bankTan aranairi kavSiri ar aqvs.<br />
erT-erTi aseTi pirovnebaa kaxa benduqiZe,<br />
rogor xasiaTzec gaiRviZebs<br />
imis mixedviT ukarnaxebs erovnuli<br />
bankis mesveurs am Sefardebas da<br />
xdeba amis dakanoneba. rodesac ramdenime<br />
kacma icis laris kursi aiwevs<br />
Tu daiwevs dolarTan mimarTebaSi<br />
_ es Zalian saxifaToa, radgan<br />
korufciuli garigebebis safrTxes<br />
qmnis. aqedan gamomdinare sabanko<br />
sferos regulireba Zalzed Sesustebulia.<br />
ufro metic, Cveni ekonomikuri<br />
politikis erT-erTi arqiteqtori<br />
kaxa benduqiZe ambobs _<br />
ukeTesi iqneba Tu erovnul banks<br />
gavauqmebTo. saxelmwifoebriobis<br />
moSla benduqiZisTvis problema ar<br />
aris. bunebrivia, saxezea erovnuli<br />
bankis Sesustebis koncefcia. vfiqrob,<br />
ucxoeli mrCevlebis garda,<br />
romelTa arsebobis Sesaxeb Cven ar<br />
viciT, qarTveli moRvaweebidan yvelaze<br />
meti wona am procesebSi benduqiZes<br />
aqvs.<br />
darwmunebuli var, Tqveni gaze-<br />
Ti sworad, obieqturad Seafasebs<br />
im movlenebs, rac erovnuli bankis<br />
mxridan xorcieldeba `qarTu bankze~,<br />
magram amiT araferi Seicvleba<br />
imitom, rom qveyanaSi SezRudulia<br />
demokratiuli institutebis funqcionireba,<br />
biznesis Tavisuflebis<br />
xarisxis ararsebobis gamo yvelaferi<br />
Zaladobrivi da avtoritarulia.<br />
_ xelisufleba ukan araferze<br />
ixevs, Tavadac aRniSneT, rom mosalodnelia<br />
`qarTu~ bankis gakotrebac.<br />
arCevnebamde ki sakmaod didi<br />
dro rCeba. ramdenad SesaZlebelia<br />
am muxtis SenarCuneba?<br />
_ es damokidebulia imaze, ra<br />
nabijebs gadadgams is politikuri<br />
Zala, romelic ivaniSvilis irgvliv<br />
yalibdeba. Tu es nabijebi Tanmimdevruli,<br />
kargad gaTvlili iqneba,<br />
xelisuflebis mxridan veranairi<br />
Zalismieri meTodebi ver SeZlebs<br />
im talRis SeCerebas, rac misma<br />
politikaSi mosvlam gamoiwvia.<br />
axla es sakmaod safuZvliani eiforia,<br />
romelic sazogadoebaSia, piks<br />
uaxlovdeba. amis Semdeg aris safr-<br />
Txe, es piki TandaTan ganeldes. saxelisuflebo<br />
propagandistuli<br />
manqana sakmaod Zlieria da xelisufleba<br />
yvelafers gaakeTebs moisyidos<br />
mosaxleoba da arCevnebis<br />
gziT darCes xelisuflebaSi, Tumca,<br />
aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom `bankebi<br />
da finansebis~ da `IPN~-is gauyalbebeli<br />
gamokiTxvebiT biZina<br />
ivaniSvils bevrad maRali reitingi<br />
aqvs, vidre `nacionalur moZraobas~.<br />
_ rogor fiqrobT ramdenad arsebobs<br />
safrTxe xelisuflebam ar-<br />
Cevnebis TariRi gadmoswios, xolo<br />
biZina ivaniSvils am droisTvis ar<br />
hqondes moswrebuli politikuri<br />
partiis Seqmna?<br />
_ aseTi safrTxe arsebobs. amiT<br />
xelisufleba cota met problemas<br />
Seuqmnis ivaniSvils, magram im Secdomebs,<br />
rac xelisuflebas sazogadoebis<br />
mimarT aqvs daSvebuli verafriT<br />
gadafaravs. erTaderTi rCeba<br />
Zalismieri meTodebis gamoyeneba,<br />
ris uflebasac xelisuflebas ar<br />
miscems Cveni strategiuli partniorebi<br />
_ amerikeli da evropeli megobrebi.<br />
_ bolos minda gkiTxoT, rogor<br />
gesaxebaT `qarTuli ocnebis~ axdena?<br />
_ Tu `uralmaSis~, `atomstroi<br />
eqsportis~ mepatrone, ruseTSi milionebis<br />
mSovneli benduqiZe safr-<br />
Txe ar aris, saqarTvelosTvis, ratom<br />
SeiZleba iqces safrTxed adamiani,<br />
romelsac sabanko, samSeneblo,<br />
farmacevtuli biznesi aqvs. savsebiT<br />
bunebrivia, ivaniSvilis politikaSi<br />
mosvla. qarTuli ocneba aris<br />
vicxovroT normalur, dapurebul,<br />
mSvidobian, gamTlianebul saqarTveloSi.<br />
gana es ar aris TiToeuli<br />
CvenTaganis ocneba? garda amisa, yvela<br />
adamiani pirovnul bednierebaze<br />
ocnebobs, magram es ar Sedgeba Tu<br />
qveyana ar iqna bednieri. aqedan gamomdinare,<br />
Cveni pirovnuli bednirebac<br />
am qarTul ocnebazea damokidebuli.<br />
aravin daafrTxos da SeaSinos<br />
msazRvrelma _ qarTuli imitom,<br />
rom qarTuli ocneba ara marto<br />
eTnikuri qarTvelebis ocnebis<br />
axdenas gulisxmobs, aramed saqarTveloSi<br />
dabadebuli, gazrdili da<br />
dRes aq mcxovrebi yvela adamianis.<br />
Tamar SveliZe<br />
�<br />
9
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