axali mTvare - İslamic Publishing
axali mTvare - İslamic Publishing
axali mTvare - İslamic Publishing
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aTass aviRebT, gamodis, rom samSoblos<br />
saukuneSi samasi aTas axalgazrdas stacebdnen.<br />
XVI, XVII, XVIII s–ebisa da XIX s–is<br />
pirveli naxevris CaTvliT saqarTvelodan<br />
sul cota erTi milioni 13–14 wlis<br />
janmagari vaJi da lamazi gogona gaiyvanes.<br />
aqve unda gavixsenoT iranic, sadac<br />
mravlad iyo rogorc gadasaxlebuli<br />
(fereidani), ise sparseTis jarSi ZaliT<br />
Tu nebiT moxvedrili qarTvelebi.<br />
osmaleTis, rogorc centraluri,<br />
ise provinciuli elita yidulobda<br />
qarTvel axalgazrdebs, aswavlida maT<br />
cxenze jdomas, jiriTs, civi da cecxlsasroli<br />
iaraRis xmarebas da zrdidnen<br />
profesional samxedroebad. XVII saukunis<br />
meore naxevridan qarTvelebis raodenoba<br />
osmaleTis imperiaSi matulobs.<br />
es kargad Cans rogorc amave saukunis<br />
miwurulis, Turqi mogzauris, evlia<br />
Celebis naSromidan, ise osmaluri sagadasaxado<br />
reestrebidanac. XVII s–is<br />
osmaleTSi dadasturebulia eTnikuri<br />
solidarobis fenomeni. sxvadasxva qveynidan<br />
moxvedrili tyveebi erTmaneTisadmi<br />
garkveul solidarobas iCendnen,<br />
rac gamoixateboda sxva eTnikuri<br />
jgufebis winaaRmdeg Zalauflebisa da<br />
gavlenisaTvis brZolisas, urTierTmxardaWerasa<br />
da kavSirSi. erTi warmomavlobis<br />
`osmalo" moxeleebi da haramxanaSi<br />
moxvedrili qalebi, romelTac<br />
aerTianebdaT saerTo kultura, ena, faseulobebi<br />
gverdSi edgnen erTmaneTs.<br />
XVII-XVIII s–ebis osmaleTSi naTlad ikve-<br />
Teba "dasavlelTa" (balkaneTisa da aRm.<br />
evropis) da "aRmosavlelTa" (Cerqezebi,<br />
afxazebi,qarTvelebi) eTnikuri dajgufebebi.<br />
solidaroba SeimCneoda rogorc<br />
centrSi, aseve regionebSic.<br />
XVIII s–is damdegs vxedavT qarTvel<br />
amirebsa da begebs, anu beiebs. egviptis<br />
politikur asparezze maT Soris yvelaze<br />
warmatebuli muhamed beg katamiSi iyo,<br />
romelsac manamde arnaxuli Zalaufleba<br />
hqonda. katamiSi iyo pirveli qarTveli<br />
mamluqi, romelmac sakuTari saxli Seqmna.<br />
aseTi saxlebi mxolod Zalze cnobil<br />
pirebs hqondaT. solidarobis principidan<br />
gamomdinare aseTi saxlebi iqmneboda<br />
istoriis furclebi da cnobili adamianebi<br />
ara naTesauri, aramed patronisadmi kuTvnilebis<br />
niSniT. patronebi yidulobdnen<br />
ymawvilebs da SvilebiviT zrdidnen. biWebic<br />
ZmebiviT izrdebodnen, Tumca Semdeg<br />
maT Soris orgulobac xdeboda. muhammed<br />
katamiSi SeTqmulebma 1736 wels mokles.<br />
egviptis momdevno mmarTveli kadzaRlis<br />
saxlis warmomadgeneli ibrahim<br />
qaTxuda iyo. Semdeg qveyanas ibrahim da<br />
ridvan qaTxudebis duumvirati ganagebda.<br />
ibrahim qaTxudasa da sxva qarTuli<br />
warmomavlobis mamluqTa Sesaxeb<br />
cnobebs gvawvdis cnobili levanteli<br />
mogzauri saviura luziniani wignSi "osmaleTis<br />
portas winaaRdmeg ali–beis<br />
ajanyebis istoria". es naSromi, el beg<br />
al–qabirs eZRvneba da 1783–84 ww–Si<br />
orjer gamoica londonSi, 1784 da 1789<br />
ww–Si berlinsa da peterburgSi, xolo<br />
1793 w–s TbilisSi. luzinianma mniSvnelovani<br />
da zogjer unikaluri cnobebi<br />
Semogvinaxa mamluqi begebis qarTuli<br />
warmomavlobis Sesaxeb, Tumca dasavleli<br />
mkvlevarebi mis cnobebs naklebad<br />
endobian. jein hasaveim, amerikelma mamluqologma<br />
vrceli naSromi miuZRvna<br />
qaTxudasa da kadzaRlis saxls, sadac<br />
ibrahims jer qarTvelad, bolos ki osmalod<br />
moixsniebs. prof. goCa jafariZem<br />
da amerikelma orientalistma kreseliusma<br />
mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitanes, rogorc<br />
luzinianis wignis, aseve qarTveli<br />
mamluqebis Sesaxeb swori Sexedulebebis<br />
Camoyalibebisa da popularizebis saqme-<br />
Si. ibrahim qaTxudam gza gauxsna qarTuli<br />
warmomavlobis mamluqebs egviptis<br />
mmarTvel elitaSi. is 1754 w. gardaicvala<br />
da mis Semdeg egviptes ganagebdnen<br />
kadzaRlis saxlis mamluqebi. maT Soris<br />
yvelaze mniSvnelovani ali beg al–qabiri<br />
(1768–72 ww.) iyo, romelic aujanyda<br />
osmaleTis portas, raTa egvipte damoukidebel<br />
saxelmwifod eqcia. man osmalo<br />
faSa gaaZeva egviptidan da osmaluri<br />
garnizonis Zala mniSvnelovnad Seasusta.<br />
ali beg al–qabiri afxazeTidan gaxldaT.<br />
danieli mogzauri, karsten niburi<br />
wers, rom misi mama, saxelad daviTi,<br />
mRvdeli iyo saqarTvelodan. ▀<br />
ianvari - Tebervali<br />
<strong>axali</strong> <strong>mTvare</strong><br />
17
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