Lower Holometabola - UNED
Lower Holometabola - UNED
Lower Holometabola - UNED
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<strong>Lower</strong> <strong>Holometabola</strong><br />
Insect Diversity:<br />
<strong>Lower</strong> <strong>Holometabola</strong><br />
BIO3323 Entomology<br />
BIO3323 Entomology<br />
l’Univeristé d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa<br />
Advantages of metamorphosis<br />
Differing nutritional resources<br />
Ancestral burrowing habit<br />
Shorter life cycles<br />
BIO3323 Entomology<br />
1<br />
10:17 AM<br />
Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa<br />
10:17 AM<br />
Origins of metamorphosis - pronymph<br />
Truman & Riddiford Nature (1999) 401:447<br />
3<br />
<strong>Holometabola</strong><br />
• Slender soft bodied larva<br />
• Metamorphosis (Pupal stage)<br />
• Wing buds evaginated at larbal – pupla<br />
moult<br />
Origins of metamorphosis<br />
New stage<br />
Pronymph<br />
BIO3323 Entomology<br />
Collembola<br />
Protura<br />
Diplura<br />
Thysanura<br />
Ephemeroptera<br />
Odonata<br />
Zoraptera<br />
Embiidina<br />
Plecoptera<br />
Dermaptera<br />
Grylloblattodea<br />
Orthoptera<br />
Phasmatodea<br />
Isoptera<br />
Mantodea<br />
Blattodea<br />
Hemiptera<br />
Thysanoptera<br />
Phthiraptera<br />
Psocoptera<br />
Coleoptera<br />
Neuroptera<br />
Hymenoptera<br />
Lepidoptera<br />
Trichoptera<br />
Siphonaptera<br />
Mecoptera<br />
Strepsiptera<br />
Diptera<br />
Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa<br />
10:17 AM<br />
Neuroptera<br />
• Membranous wings with cross veins<br />
• Axarate pupa in silk cocoon<br />
• Adults without cerci<br />
4<br />
Collembola<br />
Protura<br />
Diplura<br />
Thysanura<br />
Ephemeroptera<br />
Odonata<br />
Zoraptera<br />
Embiidina<br />
Plecoptera<br />
Dermaptera<br />
Grylloblattodea<br />
Orthoptera<br />
Phasmatodea<br />
Isoptera<br />
Mantodea<br />
Blattodea<br />
Hemiptera<br />
Thysanoptera<br />
Phthiraptera<br />
Psocoptera<br />
Coleoptera<br />
Neuroptera<br />
Hymenoptera<br />
Lepidoptera<br />
Trichoptera<br />
Siphonaptera<br />
Mecoptera<br />
Strepsiptera<br />
Diptera<br />
Page 1
<strong>Lower</strong> <strong>Holometabola</strong><br />
Neuroptera<br />
Snakeflies<br />
Megaloptera<br />
Lacewings<br />
http://mamba.bio.uci.edu/~pjbryant/biodiv/neuropt/Chrysopa.htm<br />
BIO3323 Entomology<br />
Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa<br />
10:17 AM<br />
Hyperdiverse Insect Orders<br />
Coleoptera<br />
Hymenoptera<br />
Diptera<br />
Lepidoptera<br />
BIO3323 Entomology<br />
BIO3323 Entomology<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dobsonfly PHOTO: Jessica U. Gothie<br />
Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa<br />
10:17 AM<br />
Why so many Coleoptera?<br />
Coleoptera<br />
Spiracle position<br />
BIO3323 Entomology<br />
Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa<br />
10:17 AM<br />
7<br />
9<br />
11<br />
Coleoptera<br />
• Elytra<br />
• Hind wing folding<br />
• Pronotum articulation with pterothorax<br />
• Retracted genitallia<br />
Why so many Coleoptera?<br />
Coleoptera<br />
First holometabola<br />
Elytra<br />
Articulated<br />
prothorax<br />
Spiracle position<br />
BIO3323 Entomology<br />
Collembola<br />
Protura<br />
Diplura<br />
Thysanura<br />
Ephemeroptera<br />
Odonata<br />
Zoraptera<br />
Embiidina<br />
Plecoptera<br />
Dermaptera<br />
Grylloblattodea<br />
Orthoptera<br />
Phasmatodea<br />
Isoptera<br />
Mantodea<br />
Blattodea<br />
Hemiptera<br />
Thysanoptera<br />
Phthiraptera<br />
Psocoptera<br />
Coleoptera<br />
Neuroptera<br />
Hymenoptera<br />
Lepidoptera<br />
Trichoptera<br />
Siphonaptera<br />
Mecoptera<br />
Strepsiptera<br />
Diptera<br />
Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa<br />
10:17 AM<br />
• Wing coupling (Hamuli)<br />
• Protibial spur<br />
• Haplodiploid sex determination<br />
• Anal veins never reach wing margin<br />
Hymenoptera<br />
10<br />
Collembola<br />
Protura<br />
Diplura<br />
Thysanura<br />
Ephemeroptera<br />
Odonata<br />
Zoraptera<br />
Embiidina<br />
Plecoptera<br />
Dermaptera<br />
Grylloblattodea<br />
Orthoptera<br />
Phasmatodea<br />
Isoptera<br />
Mantodea<br />
Blattodea<br />
Hemiptera<br />
Thysanoptera<br />
Phthiraptera<br />
Psocoptera<br />
Coleoptera<br />
Neuroptera<br />
Hymenoptera<br />
Lepidoptera<br />
Trichoptera<br />
Siphonaptera<br />
Mecoptera<br />
Strepsiptera<br />
Diptera<br />
Page 2
<strong>Lower</strong> <strong>Holometabola</strong><br />
Hymenopteran wings<br />
Wing coupling (Hamuli)<br />
BIO3323 Entomology<br />
Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa<br />
10:17 AM<br />
Hymenopteran types<br />
Wood wasps<br />
Parasitic wasps<br />
Bees, ants and stinging<br />
wasps<br />
BIO3323 Entomology<br />
Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa<br />
10:17 AM<br />
Honey bee venom<br />
Phospholipase<br />
Hyaluronidase<br />
Mellitin<br />
Histamine<br />
Poison sac<br />
Dufour’s Dufour gland<br />
BIO3323 Entomology<br />
Sting bulb<br />
Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa<br />
10:17 AM<br />
BIO3323 Entomology<br />
Sting shaft<br />
13<br />
15<br />
http://photo.bees.net/gallery/photos/sting/DSCN2803.sized.jpg<br />
17<br />
Hymenopteran success<br />
Egg placement<br />
Venom glands<br />
Wasp waist<br />
Sex determination<br />
Haplodiploidy<br />
BIO3323 Entomology<br />
success Mesosoma Metasoma<br />
Type 1 – XY female, XX male<br />
Type 2 – ZW female, ZZ male<br />
Lepidoptera<br />
Type 3 – Diploid females,<br />
haploid males<br />
Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa<br />
10:17 AM<br />
Hymenoptera<br />
Parasitoids<br />
Single host<br />
Kill the host<br />
PolyDNAvirus<br />
Hyperparasitoids<br />
BIO3323 Entomology<br />
Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa<br />
10:17 AM<br />
14<br />
16<br />
Page 3
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