Nomenclature handout

Elements
NOMENCLATURE REQUIREMENTS FOR INTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY
aluminum Al indium In rubidium Rb
antimony Sb iodine I ruthenium Ru
argon Ar iridium Ir rhodium Rh
arsenic As iron Fe scandium Sc
barium Ba krypton Kr selenium Se
beryllium Be lanthanum La silicon Si
bismuth Bi lead Pb silver Ag
boron B lithium Li sodium Na
bromine Br magnesium Mg strontium Sr
cadmium Cd manganese Mn sulfur S
calcium Ca mercury Hg technetium Tc
carbon C molybdenum Mo tellurium Te
cesium Cs neon Ne thallium Tl
chlorine Cl nickel Ni tin Sn
chromium Cr niobium Nb titanium Ti
cobalt Co nitrogen N tungsten W
copper Cu osmium Os uranium U
fluorine F oxygen O vanadium V
gallium Ga palladium Pd xenon Xe
germanium Ge phosphorus P yttrium Y
gold Au platinum Pt zinc Zn
hafnium Hf potassium K zirconium Zr
helium He radon Rn
hydrogen H rhenium Re
Naturally Occurring Multiatomic Elements
bromine Br2 iodine I2 sulfur S8
chlorine Cl2 nitrogen N2
fluorine F2 oxygen O2
hydrogen H2 phosphorus P4
Monoatomic Anions
hydride H -
fluoride F -
chloride Cl -
bromide Br -
iodide I -
oxide O 2-
sulfide S 2-
nitride N 3-
phosphide P 3-
carbide C 4-

Polyatomic Anions
+
ammonium NH4
-
acetate C2H3O2
2-
carbonate
hydrogen carbonate
perchlorate
chlorate
chlorite
hypochlorite
CO3
-
HCO3
-
ClO4
-
ClO3
-
ClO2
ClO -
perbromate
bromate
bromite
hypobromite
-
BrO4
-
BrO3
-
BrO2
BrO -
periodate
iodate
ioditehypoiodite
-
IO4
-
IO3
-
IO2
IO -
permanganate
-
MnO4
Binary Acids
nitrate
nitrite
chromate
dichromate
cyanide
-
NO3
-
NO2
2-
CrO4
2-
Cr2O7
CN -
hydrogen sulfate
sulfate
sulfite
hydrogen sulfite
hydroxide
-
HSO4
2-
SO4
2-
SO3
-
HSO3
OH -
phosphate
hydrogen phosphate
dihydrogen phosphate
phosphite
hydrogen phosphite
dihydrogen phosphite
3-
PO4
2-
HPO4
-
H2PO4
3-
PO3
2-
HPO3
-
H2PO3
hydrofluoric acid HF hydroiodic acid HI
hydrochloric acid HCl hydrosulfuric acid H2S
hydrobromic acid HBr
Oxyacids
acetic acid HC2H3O2 permanganic acid HMnO4
carbonic acid H2CO3 chromic acid H2CrO4
nitric acid HNO3 phosphoric acid H3PO4
nitrous acid HNO2 phosphorous acid H3PO3
perchloric acid HClO4 sulfuric acid H2SO4
chloric acid HClO3 sulfurous acid H2SO3
chlorous acid HClO2 hydrocyanic acid HCN
hypochlorous acid HClO
Also include all other halogen acids in this list.

Greek Prefixes
1 mono 4 tetra 7 hepta 10 deca
2 di 5 penta 8 octa
3 tri 6 hexa 9 nona
Oxides of the Main Group Elements
dinitrogen monoxide N2O sulfur trioxide SO3
nitrogen monoxide NO diphosphorus pentoxide P2O5
dinitrogen trioxide N2O3 carbon monoxide CO
nitrogen dioxide NO2 carbon dioxide CO2
dinitrogen tetraoxide N2O4 silicon dioxide SiO2
dinitrogen pentoxide N2O5 chlorine dioxide ClO2
This is only a representation of this type of nomenclature.
Metals with fixed oxidation states
aluminum Al 3+
Al
cadmium Cd 2+
Cd
calcium Ca 2+
Ca
lithium Li +
Li
magnesium Mg 2+ Mg
potassium K +
K
silver Ag +
Ag
sodium Na +
Na
zinc Zn 2+
Zn
Metals with variable oxidation states
chromium Cr 2+ Cr 3+ Cr 6+
Cr(II) Cr(III) Cr(VI)
cobalt Co 2+ Co 3+
Co(II) Co(III)
copper Cu + Cu 2+
Cu(I) Cu(II)
gold Au + Au 3+
Au(I) Au(III)
iron Fe 2+ Fe 3+
Fe(II) Fe(III)
lead Pb 2+ Pb 4+
Pb(II) Pb(IV)
manganese Mn 2+ Mn 3+ Mn 4+ Mn 7+ Mn(II) Mn(III) Mn(IV) Mn(VII)
mercury
nickel
2+ 2+
Hg2 Hg
Ni
Hg(I) Hg(II)
2+ Ni 3+
Ni(II) Ni(III)
tin Sn 2+ Sn 4+
Sn(II) Sn(IV)
uranium U 3+ U 4+ U 5+ U 6+ U(III) U(IV) U(V) U(VI)

Hydrates
Use the Greek prefixes when naming hydrates to indicate the number of water molecules
associated with each compound.
CoSO4 • H2O cobalt(II) sulfate monohydrate
BaI2 • 2 H2O barium iodide dihydrate
Au(CN)3 • 3 H2O gold(III) cyanide trihydrate
FeI2 • 4 H2O iron(II) iodide tetrahydrate
MnSO4 • 5 H2O manganese(II) sulfate pentahydrate
Cd(MnO4)2 • 6 H2O cadmium permanganate hexahydrate
ZnSO4 • 7 H2O zinc sulfate heptahydrate
Mg3(PO4)2 • 8 H2O magnesium phosphate octahydrate
Al(BrO3)3 • 9 H2O aluminum bromate nonahydrate
Pb(C2H3O2)2 • 10 H2O lead(II) acetate decahydrate