teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciebis swavleba/swavla ucxouri ...

FSoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti 

ganaTlebisa da mecnierebaTa fakulteti 

pedagogikur mecnierebaTa departamenti 

ekaterine mJavanaZe 

teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciebis 

swavleba/swavla ucxouri enebis magaliTze 

ganaTlebis doqtoris akademiuri xarisxis 

mosapoveblad warmodgenili 

specialoba: ganaTlebis didaqtika 

disertacia 

samecniero xelmZRvanelebi: pedagogikis mecnierebaTa doqtori 

ciala megrelaZe 

pedagogiur mecnierebaTa doqtori, 

sruli profesori irine goSxeTeliani 

baTumi - 2012

Sesavali 

Sinaarsi 

Tavi I _ teqsti, rogorc saswavlo resursi. 

§1. teqsti, rogorc saswavlo miznis ganxorcielebis ZiriTadi 

resursi. 

1.1.1 teqsti, rogorc lingvisturi kvlevis obieqti.-------------------- 16 

1.1.2 pedagogiuri teqsti. ---------------------------------------------------------------- 23 

§2. teqstis Seswavlis arsebuli viTareba ganaTlebis saSualo 

da umaRlesi skolis safexurebze. 

1.2.1 teqstze muSaobis standartebi swavlebis saSualo 

safexurze. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

1.2.2 teqstze muSaobis standartebi swavlebis umaRles 

safexurze. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

Tavi II _ teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciebi da maTi 

miRwevis saSualebebi. 

§1. teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciebi. ---------------------------------- 62 

§2. saswavlo aqtivobebi kompetenciis miRwevisaTvis. 

2.2.1 teqstis struqturis Semswavleli aqtivobebi. ----------------------- 79 

2.2.2 teqstebze muSaobis lokaluri da globaluri strategiebi. 88 

2.2.3 teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciebis ganmaviTarebeli 

aqtivobebi. mimarTuleba – kiTxva da mosmena. ------------------------------- 

2.2.4 teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciebis ganmaviTarebeli 

aqtivobebi. mimarTuleba – wera da saubari. ---------------------------------- 

Tavi III _ miRweuli Sedegebis donis Sefaseba. 

§1. studentis mier miRweuli kompetenciis donis Sefaseba. -------- 122 

§2. kvlevis Sedegebis Sefaseba. -------------------------------------------------------- 142 

daskvnebi. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 152 

gamoyenebuli literatura. -------------------------------------------------------------- 156 

danarTebi. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 167 

3 

36 

47 

91 

107 

2

Sesavali 

umaRlesi ganaTlebis xarisxis amaRlebisaken swrafva ganapirobebs 

saganmanaTleblo programis farglebSi swavlebis, swavlisa da Sefasebis 

axali midgomebis Ziebas. am mimarTebiT, erT-erTi mniSvnelovani 

saganmanaTleblo paradigma gaxda studentebSi zogadi da dargobrivi 

kompetenciebis formireba. 

ganaTlebis maRali xarisxis miRwevis safuZvlad miiCneva 

ganaTlebis erTiani evropuli sivrcis SeqmnisTvis rekomendebuli 

zogadi kompetenciebis swavleba/swavlis gamocdilebis gaziareba, im 

dargobrivi da originaluri kompetenciebis gansazRvra, romlebic xels 

Seuwyoben students ukeTesi Sedegis miRwevaSi, rac, Tavis mxriv, 

mniSvnelovans da mizanmimarTuls gaxdis saswavlo process. am mxriv 

aRsaniSnavia evropaSi saganmanaTleblo struqturebis urTierTSewyobis 

proeqt „Tuningis~ (2008) Sedegebi da saqarTvelos umaRlesi ganaTlebis 

kvalifikaciaTa CarCo, romelic, Tavis mxriv, eyrdnoba kvalifikaciaTa 

evropul CarCos. 

ganaTlebis sxvadasxva safexurze misaRwevi swavlis Sedegebis 

da maTi kvalifikaciis doneebs Soris logikuri kavSiris gansazRvrisas, 

kompetenciebis ganviTarebisTvis rekomendebulia Svidi komponenti: 1. 

codna da gacnobiereba (dargobrivi); 2. codnis praqtikaSi gamoyeneba/ 

praqtikuli unarebi (dargobrivi); 3. kognituri da meTodologiuri 

unarebi (analizisa da sinTezis unari, gadawyvetilebis miReba; drois 

dagegmvisa da organizebis unari); 4. sakomunikacio unarebi; 5. 

sainformacio komunikaciebis gamoyenebis unari; 6. socialuri unarebi 

(jgufSi muSaobis unari); 7. sistemuri unarebi (swavlis unari, kvlevis 

unari, damoukideblad muSaobis unari, proeqtebis SemuSavebis unari). am 

komponentebidan erT-erTi _ sakomunikacio unarebis kompetenciis 

maxasiaTeblebi moicavs: vrceli teqstebis gagebas; teqstebis kiTxvas 

yvela detalis CaTvliT, imis miuxedavad, exeba es mis profesias Tu sxva 

Temas; mkafiod struqturirebuli teqstis daweras sxvadasxva formiT, 

Sesabamisi stilis SerCevas. 

saqarTvelos umaRles skolebSi ucxouri enebis swavlebis procesi 

mdgomareobs saswavlo masalis, swavlebis saSualebebis, 

3

swavleba/swaვlis Sedegebis urTierTmimarTebaSi. maTi gamaerTianebelia 

teqsti. teqsti warmoadgens ZiriTad saswavlo resurss, romlis 

safuZvelze xdeba mSobliuri da ucxouri enebis saswavlo amocanebis 

gadawyveta. teqsts ukavSirdeba rogorc enis sistemis Semecneba, aseve 

enobrivi urTierTobebis normebisa da wesebis, sxvadasxva cxovrebiseuli 

sametyvelo qcevis gansazRvra da Sefaseba. 

teqstis Seswavla, misi struqturuli maxasiaTeblebis, analizis, 

sinTezis, gagebis, daxarisxebis sakiTxebi Tanamedrove mecnierebebSi 

gamorCeul yuradRebas ipyrobs. ukanasknel periodSi teqstTan 

dakavSirebuli problemebis kvleva mimdinareobs fsiqolingvisturi, 

didaqtikuri, filologiuri mimarTulebebiT. 

mniSvnelovani gamokvlevebi mieZRvna teqstobrivi kompetenciebis 

formirebis sakiTxebs. aRsaniSnavia j. kresis (Kress 1994), n. Jirovas 

(Жирова 1997), m. verbickaias (Вербицкая 2000), a. andreeSCevas (Андреещева 

2003), s. Tornberis (Thornbury 2005), i. salosinas (Салосина 2007), o. 

kasperskaias (Касперская 2009) naSromebi. 

ra aris teqsti? ra saerTo ganmsazRvreli niSnebi aqcevs erTi 

saxelwodebis qveS teqstTa aRmniSvnel nairgvarobas? am kiTxvebze 

miRebuli pasuxebi sxvadasxvagvaria. teqstis Sesaxeb arsebuli 

Sexedulebebi yovelTvis ganicdida cvlilebas drosa da sivrceSi. 

magaliTad, Tanamedrove sinamdvileSi Semovida cnebebi _ `hiperteqsti~, 

„interaqtiuli teqsti~. hiperteqsti (ingl. hypertext), anu hiperteqsturi 

sistema aris sxvadasxva tipis dokumentebis sistema, romelSic yoveli 

dokumenti dakavSirebulia romelime sxva dokumentTan amave sistemidan. 

kavSiri hiperteqstur sistemaSi aris erTi dokumentis meore dokumentze 

gadasvlis saSualeba. `hiperteqsturi dokumenti aris iseTi dokumenti 

hiperteqsturi sistemidan, romelSic erTi kavSiri mianc arsebobs amave 

sistemis sxva dokumentTan, rogoric ar unda iyos is: teqsti, naxati, xma, 

kompiuteruli progrma, xmauri, animacia, video. sxvadasxva tipis 

dokumentebis erT sistemaSi dakavSirebis SesaZleblobis gamo 

hiperteqstur sistemas uwodeben agreTve hipermediurs (ingl. hypermedia). 

„msoflio ablabuda“ (ingl. world wide web) aris `hiperteqsturi sistema~. 

(ixileT internetresursi #42) 

4

„1973 wlamde teqsti ar SeiZleba yofiliyo internetgverdi, 

kompiuteruli TamaSi, interaqtiuli Txroba, artefaqtebi. 

postmodernizmma ki Semoitana Tezisi – samyaro, rogorc teqsti. 

postmodernizmSi yvela realoba moiazreba, rogorc teqsti, diskursi, 

narativi, teqstualoba, interteqstualoba“. (mircxulava 2009:30). 

ìnterteqstualoba _ es aris garkveuli enobrivi signalebiT 

markirebuli „gasaubreba, gadaZaxili“ teqstebs Soris, maTi dialogi. 

interteqstad miCneulia: nebismieri teqsti, romelic yovelTvis 

warmoadgens Zveli citatebisagan moqsovil axal qsovils; ramdenime 

nawarmoebi an fragmenti, romlebic qmnis erTian teqstur (an 

interteqstur) sivrces da avlenen elementebis araSemTxveviT erTianobas; 

teqsti, romelic Seicavs citatebs farTo gagebiT. interteqsti 

specifikuria postmodernistuli xelovnebisTvis. nawarmoebis 

semantikuri struqturis komponentia qveteqsti. aq simZimis centri 

gadatanilia interpretaciaze, gagebaze~ (kinwuraSvili 2008:23). 

1990-iani wlebidan saTaves iRebs literaturuli mimdinareoba _ 

„axali teqstualobebi~. Tavad termini 1997 wels frangma mweralma frank 

larozma Seqmna. axali teqstualobebi ukavSirdeba obieqtivizms, 

romelmac uari Tqva literaturaSi lirizmsa da subieqturobaze. axali 

teqstualobebi erTmaneTs ukavSirebs iseT urTierTgansxvavebul Janrebs, 

rogoricaa poezia, proza, Teatri da a.S. es teqstebi SeiZleba nebismieri 

saxiT iqnas wakiTxuli: rogorc poezia, proza an drama. am mimdinareobis 

mwerlebi iyeneben literaturul metaenas, romlis mizania 

metaliteraturis da, Sesabamisad, garkveuli universalurobis Seqmna. 

meore mxriv, axali teqstualobebis avtorebze Zalian didi gavlena 

moaxdina axalma teqnologiebma. amasTan, es Semoqmedebi arian ara 

mxolod mwerlebi, aramed xelovnebis sxva dargebis warmomadgenlebic. 

amgvarad, axali teqstualoba miznad isaxavs xelovnebis Janrebis 

sazRvrebis rRvevas (literatura, vizualuri xelovneba, multimedia, 

plastikuri xelovneba, sasceno xelovneba, cifruli xelovneba da a. S.). 

am mimdinareobis nawarmoebebi aris an pirdapir „verbovizualuri” da 

audiocifruli, an im mizniT Seqmnili, rom gamosadegi iyos aseve 

cifrul an sasceno xelovnebaSi adaptaciisTvis. aqedan gamomdinare, 

5

isini teqstTan erTad moicaven suraTsa da xmas (ZiriTadad, 

eleqtronuls). amgvari teqstebi ufro xSirad ramdenime avtoris mieraa 

Seqmnili. imis gamo, rom amgvar nawarmoebebSi Sedis ara mxolod teqsti, 

maT ewoda `teqstualobebi~, xolo axal teqnologiebTan maTi pirdapiri 

kavSiris gamo, saxelwodebas daemata zedsarTavi àxali“ 

(internetresursi #26). 

aRsaniSnavia, rom adreuli saxelmZRvaneloebis umravlesoba 

ZiriTadad moicavda Mmxolod teqstebis nimuSebs. dRes 

saxelmZRvaneloebs aqvs multimodaluri forma da Seicaven 

gamosaxulebebsac. „ra miviCnioT sakiTxav teqstad? mxolod 

literaturuli nawarmoebi? TxrobiTi (e. w. „narativi”) Tu aRweriTi (e. w. 

„eqspozitoruli~) teqsti? mxolod tradiciuli nabeWdi masala Tu 

vebgverdi internetSi? fizikis formula Tu geografiuli ruka? filmi? 

speqtakli? ferweruli tilo? sareklamo dafa Tu sxva vizualuri 

kompozicia?“ (papava 2006:9). 

„mniSvnelovani SekiTxvaa – teqsti mxolod lingvisturi movlenaa 

Tu is agreTve Seicavs suraTs da nawers? da Tu pasuxi dadebiTia, maSin 

unda ganvixiloT Tu ara teqstis werilobiTi nawili ufro 

gansxvavebulad, vidre vizualuri?“ (Leeuwen... 2001:135). 

„teqstis~ da `diskursis~ gansazRvrebisas, lingvistTa jgufi orad 

gaiyo. erTni miiCneven maT erTmaneTis sinonimad, meoreni ki – ara. 

v. furcelaZe (1998) mijnavs am or cnebas erTmaneTisgan da miiCnevs, 

rom umetes SemTxvevaSi „teqsti“ gamoiyeneba werilobiTi warmonaqmnis, 

xolo „diskursi“ zepiri, dialoguri metyvelebis aRsaniSnavad. 

lingvistebis erTi jgufi teqstad miiCnevs erT sityvas, saTaurs, 

frazas, winadadebas, werils, cnobas, amindis prognozs, anketas, 

gancxadebas, Jests, mimikas da sxva saxis aramxatvruli teqstis nimuSebs. 

meore jgufis azriT ki, profesor vladimer sergias sityvebiT rom 

vTqvaT, „teqsti aris umaRlesi donis enobrivi sametyvelo erTeuli, 

romelsac aqvs sakuTari Tema, grafikuli saxe, struqturuli da 

semantikuri mTlianoba, azrobrivi damTavrebuloba da sakomunikacio 

daniSnuleba“ (dvaliZe 2009:35). 

6

`komunikacia moicavs ara marto mesijs (gzavnils) da teqsts, 

aramed avtorsa da mkiTxvels (addressser and addressee) Soris urTierTobas 

da agreTve, maT uSualo situaciur konteqsts. amdenad, igi aris 

interpersonaluri da urTierTdamokidebuli bunebis; agreTve, mas aqvs 

sazogadoebrivi datvirTva. diskursi unda axasiaTebdes ara marto 

Cveulebriv saubars da mis konteqsts, aramed weriT komunikaciebs 

mweralsa da mkiTxvels Soris. aqedan gamomdinarea terminebi 

„literaturuli an naratuli diskursi“, „diskursis samyaro“ da sxva. 

Tavisi am farTo gagebiT, diskursi moicavs teqsts, magram terminebi 

„teqsti“ da „diskursi“ ar aris yovelTvis advili gasarCevi 

erTmaneTisgan da xSirad sinonimuradac gamoiyeneba~ (dvaliZe 2009:13). 

socialuri, kulturuli da ekonomikuri faqtorebis da axali 

saxis teqstebis arsebobam ganapiroba teqstis gansxvavebuli definiciebis 

arseboba. mraval ganmartebaTagan naSromSi veyrdnobiT `teqstis~ 

ganmartebas, romelsac gvTavazoben vladimer sergia, avTandil arabuli, 

rusudan enuqiZe. `teqsti aris enobrivi aqtivobis (Semoqmedebis) 

konkretuli Sedegi, dasrulebuli Sinaarsobrivad da mTliani 

struqturulad. mizanmimarTuli sametyvelo, moqmedebis bolomde 

realizebuli mTlianoba. 

teqstis arsebiTi struqturuli niSnebia: 

1. teqsts aqvs dasawyisi da dasasruli; 

2. teqsts axasiaTebs Sinaarsobrivi mTlianoba, anu Sinaarsobrivi 

kavSiri mis calkeul monakveTebs Soris; 

3. teqsts aqvs saerTo azri (SeiZleba teqstis mTeli saTqmelis 

koncentracia erT frazaSi); 

4. teqsts aqvs an SeiZleba hqondes saTauri; 

5. teqsts aqvs struqturuli mTlianoba: sityvebi erTiandebian 

winadadebebSi azrobriv monakveTebad (abzacebad), abzacebi _ 

teqstobriv blokebad (paragrafebi, Tavebi, nawilebi); 

6. teqsti enobriv erTeulTa arsebobis mTavar realur garemos 

warmoadgens da maTi obieqturi Rirebulebac swored teqstis 

farglebSia xelSesaxebi~ (arabuli 2004:152). 

7

lingvistebi [i. germani (Герман 1999), n. valgina (Валгина 2003), l. 

balaganina (Балаганина 2010)] teqstebze muSaobis problemebis kvlevisas da 

mxatvrul teqstebze muSaobisas, gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWeben 

interpretacias, romlis mTavari amocanaa teqstis, rogorc 

urTierTmoqmedi da urTierTganmapirobebeli komponentebis, rTuli 

struqturuli sistemis gaazreba. es niSnavs literaturuli nawarmoebis 

axsnas, misi azris, ideis, koncefciis wvdomas. iTvleba, rom teqstidan 

maqsimaluri informaciis miReba saSualebas iZleva srulad Cawvde ara 

marto avtoris Canafiqrs, aramed imasac, rac xSirad avtoris ganzraxvis 

sapirispirodac arsebobs. A 

mokle moTxrobis teqstis interpretaciis meToduri aspeqtebis 

ganxilvisas, i. germani Tvlis, rom `teqsti unda iyos ganxiluli 

yovelgvari gare konteqstis gareSe~ (Герман 1999:78). Cven viziarebT l. 

balaganinas mosazrebas, romelic Tvlis, rom `TiToeuli mkiTxveli 

teqstidan iRebs sxvadasxva moculobis informacias (azrobrivs, 

esTetikurs). interpretacias Tavis elfers sZens epoqaTa cvlileba. 

mxatvrul teqstSi aris sxvadasxva azrobrivi perspeqtivis aRmoCenis 

SesaZlebloba~ (Балаганина 2010:95). 

mecnierTa kvlevis sagania teqstis kompoziciuri da Tematuri 

organizeba, xatovanebaTa sistema, TxrobiTi perspeqtivebi, sametyvelo 

stili da sxva, romlebic ganapirobebs teqstis xedvas, misi Semadgeneli 

erTeulebis kvlevis safuZvelze informaciis miRebas. Tanamedrove 

meTodikur TeoriaSi aqtualuri gaxda teqstis aRqmis, gagebisa da 

interpretaciis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebis gansazRvra teqstobrivi 

kompetenciebis safuZvelze. 

teqstobrivi kompetencia, romelic moiazreba, rogorc codnis, 

unarebis, Cvevebis, teqstobrivi aqtivobebis erToblioba, zogad saswavlo 

kompetenciadaa miCneuli. moswavleebSi teqstobrivi kompetenciis 

Camoyalibebis sakiTxisadmi miZRvnil kvlevaSi t. koSeCkina aRniSnavs, 

rom `saskolo swavlebis erT-erTi mizania moswavleTa teqstobrivi 

kompetenciis ganviTareba, rogorc efeqturi saswavlo moRvaweobis 

piroba~ (Кошечкина 2008:56). 

8

saqarTvelos skolebis axali saswavlo gegma TiTqmis yvela 

saganSi iTvaliswinebs teqstze muSaobis misaRwev standartebs. 

magaliTad, qarTuli enisa da literaturis swavlebis mizania 

ganuviTaros moswavles sakuTari azris logikuri TanmimdevrobiT 

gamoTqmisa da sxvadasxva daniSnulebis werilobiTi teqstebis Seqmnis 

unari. ucxour enaSi swavlebis mesame (bolo) safexurze zepiri Tu 

weriTi metyvelebis unaris ganviTarebis mTavari wyaro teqstis kiTxva 

xdeba. misi saSualebiT moswavle enobriv marags amdidrebs da swavlaSi 

ufro damoukidebeli xdeba. klasebis matebis mixedviT izrdeba teqstebis 

moculoba da sirTulis done. moswavleebs moeTxovebaT avTenturi, 

sxvadasxva Janrisa Tu tipis, literaturuli Tu funqciuri teqstebis 

gageba da gaanalizeba. 

erovnuli saswavlo gegma safexurebis mixedviT iTvaliswinebs 

teqstebze muSaobis standartebs. magaliTad, meaTe klasSi gacnobiTi 

kiTxvis dros moswavle gamoTqvams varauds teqstis Sinaarsis Sesaxeb 

sxvadasxva elementis moSveliebiT (saTauri, qvesaTauri, ilustracia, 

abzacebis dasawyisi, erT-erTi abzaci, gamoyofili sityvebi). `SeswavliTi 

kiTxvis dros moswavle ecnoba teqsts; gamowvlilviT kiTxulobs mas: 1. 

cdilobs ucnobi sityvebis, gamoTqmebis mniSvnelobis amocnobas nacnob 

verbalur (konteqsti, qarTulSi damkvidrebuli ucxouri sityvebi, 

sityvis nacnobi fuZe, afiqsebi) da araverbalur (teqstis agebuleba, 

ilustraciebi, sxvadasxvagvari Srifti, brWyalebi) elementebze 

dayrdnobiT; 2. ucnobi sityvebisa da gamoTqmebis axsnas eZiebs misTvis 

misawvdom resursebSi (saxelmZRvanelo, leqsikoni, kompetenturi piri); 3. 

saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi xelmeored kiTxulobs teqsts an mis calkeul 

nawilebs. ZiebiTi (seleqciuri) kiTxvis dros moswavle Tvalis 

gadavlebiT amokrefs misTvis saWiro informacias“ (ixileT 

internetresursi № 43). 

Tanamedrove didaqtikis mniSvnelovani mimarTuleba gaxda im 

codnisa da unarebis gansazRvra, romelTa ganviTareba saerTo mizans 

warmoadgens yvela enis swavleba/swavlisaTvis, iqneba es mSobliuri ena 

da literatura, Tu qarTuli, germanuli, franguli, rusuli an 

inglisuri rogorc meore ena. 

9

nebismieri tipis (mSobliuri, aramSobliuri) enis Seswavlisas, 

moswavle erTi da igive amocanebis winaSe dgeba. moswavles moeTxoveba 

daadginos, Tu ra struqturisaa teqsti, ra Sinaarsis Semcvelia, ra 

enobrivi maxasiaTeblebi aqvs mas, ra tipis strategiebi unda gamoiyenos 

mis gasaazreblad da sxva. metic, aseTive enobriv-komunikaciuri 

amocanebi dgas nebismier araenobriv saganSic (iqneba es istoria, 

maTematika, fizika da sxva), roca saWiroa teqstebis gaazreba, Sedgena Tu 

auditoriis winaSe zepiri gamosvla. sxvadasxva sagnis, magaliTad, 

geografiis 2010-2011 ww. saswavlo standartebis mixedviT, moswavle 

mopovebuli informaciis safuZvelze msjelobs msoflios enobrivi 

ojaxebisa da jgufebis geografiis Sesaxeb; Sedegebs gamoxatavs 

gansxvavebul formatSi (teqsturi masalis transformacia rukaze, 

cxrilSi, sqemaze); aanalizebs teqstur informacias, sxvadasxva tipis 

geografiul saSualebebs da gansazRvravs, rogor icvleboda SerCeuli 

qveynis roli sxva qveynebTan mimarTebaSi; gamoTqvams varauds qveynis 

samomavlo perspeqtivebze (socialur-ekonomikuri da samxedro- 

politikuri potenciali). ase rom, enobriv-komunikaciuri unarebi 

gamWoli xasiaTisaa da am unarebis daufleba pirovnebas nebismieri 

sagnis aTvisebis procesSi sWirdeba, gansakuTrebiT, integrirebuli 

swavlisas. 

integrirebuli swavleba gulisxmobs enebis swavlisas miRebuli 

gamocdilebis urTierTdakavSirebas da SeZenili gamocdilebis gadatanis 

xelSewyobas erTi enidan meoreSi. aseTi midgoma ganamtkicebs unarebs, 

amdidrebs gamocdilebas da zrdis moswavleTa da studentTa 

qmediTunarianobas. mis gansaxorcieleblad aucilebelia Seswavlil Tu 

Sesaswavl enebs Soris xidebis gabma. ase, magaliTad, ucxouri enis 

standartiT gaTvaliswinebuli strategia – `moswavle teqsts mTlianad 

waikiTxavs, sxvadasxva simboloTi moniSnavs mTavar sakiTxebs, 

meorexarisxovan ideebs, sakvanZo sityvebs~ _ im unarTa ricxvs 

ganekuTvneba, romlebic SeiZleba efeqturad iqnes gamoyenebuli teqstis 

gaazrebisas nebismier saganSi“.. 

saSualo skolis saswavlo procesze dakvirveba, romelic 

mimdinareobda qalaq baTumSi 2008-2010 wlebSi cxadyofs, rom 

10

winaaRmdegobaa saswavlo gegmis moTxovnebsa da moswavleTa realur 

codnasa da unarebs Soris. teqstebze muSaoba ZiriTadad xorcieldeba 

enobrivi ciklis farglebSi. metyvelebis ganviTareba xdeba viwro 

specifikuri savarjiSoebiT, risi Sedegia moswavleTa uunaroba sakuTari 

azri gadmoscen spontanuri teqstis formiT an aRiqvan saswavlo 

teqstebi da gamoxaton sakuTari damokidebuleba wakiTxuli teqstisadmi. 

zemoaRniSnuli vlindeba erovnuli gamocdebisTvis moswavleTa 

damatebiTi mecadineobis aucileblobaSi. 

kvlevis aqtualoba: 2008-2010 wlebSi qalaq baTumSi umaRlesi 

skolis saswavlo procesze dakvirveba cxadyofs, rom teqstebis 

swavleba/swavla orientirebulia enobriv analizsa da zepirad 

daswavlaze. aRsaniSnavia, rom miuxedavad imisa, rom ucxouri enebis 

swavleba/swavlis procesSi axali meTodebi dainerga da bevr pedagogs 

didi warmatebebic aqvs mopovebuli, SesamCnevia studentTa teqstebze 

muSaobis dabali done. winaswari daswavlis gareSe maT uWirT wakiTxuli 

teqstis samwuTiani zepiri gadmocemac ki, ver axerxeben werilobiTi 

teqstebis Sedgenas, garkveul problemaze teqstebis moZiebas, 

daxarisxebas, teqstis analizidan sinTezze gadasvlas. 

ganaTlebis zogad da umaRles safexurze teqstebze 

orientirebuli swavleba/swavlis procesze dakvirvebisas gamovlenili 

winaaRmdegobebi da susti mxare Sedegia imisa, rom verc saSualo skolis 

moswavle da verc umaRlesi saswavleblis studenti ver aRiqvams teqsts, 

rogorc saswavlo resurss konkretuli amocanis gadasawyvetad da ar 

flobs uSualod teqstebze orientirebul kompetenciebs. 

umaRles skolaSi Tormetwlianma gamocdilebam, saerTaSoriso 

konferenciebSi monawileobam, èvropis saganmanaTleblo struqturebis 

urTierTSewyobisTvis proeqt „Tuningis“ Sedegebis Seswavlam, 

saqarTvelosa da sazRvrgareTis, kerZod, stokholmis, varSavis, bergenis 

universitetebisa da umaRlesi skolebis gamocdilebis gacnobam, 

ganapiroba sakvlevi TemiT daintereseba. 

kvlevis mizani: umaRles skolaSi, bakalavriatis safexurisTvis 

teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciebis gansazRvra da maTi miRwevis 

gzebisa da saSualebebis dadgena. 

11

kvlevis amocanebi: 

1. teqstis, rogorc saswavlo amocanis gadasawyveti ZiriTadi saswavlo 

resursis mniSvnelobis gansazRvra da misi gamoyenebis arsebuli 

mdgomareobis Seswavla. 

2. umaRles skolaSi, Bbakalavriatis safexurze, teqstis 

swavleba/swavlis kompetenciebis Camoyalibeba da maTi miRwevisaTvis 

saswavlo aqtivobebis SerCeva. 

3. teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciis miRweuli donis Sefaseba. 

4. kvlevis Sedegebis Semowmeba. 

kvlevis hipoTeza: teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciebis 

Camoyalibeba da maTi miRwevis gzebisa da saSualebebis gansazRvra xels 

Seuwyobs ucxouri enebis swavleba/swavlis maRalxarisxiani Sedegebis 

miRwevas. 

kvlevis meTodebi: wyaroebis analizi, SedarebiTi analizi, 

dakvirveba, gamocdilebis Seswavla, interviu, monacemebis damuSaveba, 

anketuri gamokiTxva, kvleviTi narkvevi. 

kvlevis meTodologia: kvlevis miznis miRwevisaTvis SemuSavda 

kvleviTi strategia, romelic Sedgeba Semdegi komponentebisagan: 

raodenobrivi kvleva, Tvisebrivi kvleva. kvlevaSi gamoyenebuli meTodebi 

warmodgenilia Semdegi maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT: sandooba, 

standartizacia, samizne jgufis SerCeva, fokusjgufebis CarTva, 

monacemTa damuSaveba, kvlevis etapebis dagegmva, mimdinareoba, Sedegebis 

analizi. 

kvlevis Sedegebis sandoobisTvis sociologiuri kvlevis, 

intervius Sedegebi warmodgenil iqna statistikuri cxrilebis, 

diagramebis saxiT. sociologiuri kvlevis, interviuebis da cxrilebis 

analizis Sedegebi, marTebulobisTvis, rekomendaciebis saboloo 

variantis SemuSavebamde gavacaniT Sesabamis jgufebs. maTi SeniSvnebi, 

winadadebebi, rCevebi gaTvaliswinebul iqna. 

kvlevis materialur-teqnikuri baza: SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo 

universitetis biblioTeka, rsu-s ganaTlebisa da mecnierebaTa 

fakultetis biblioTeka, baTumis resurscentris biblioTeka, ivane 

javaxiSvilis saxelmwifo universitetis biblioTeka, akaki wereTlis 

12

saxelmwifo universitetis biblioTeka, baTumis me-18 da me-7 sajaro 

skolebis, baTumis inglisuri enis saswavlo centri "ETI"-is 

sabiblioTeko baza, internetresursebi. 

kvlevis mecnieruli siaxle: ganaTlebis didaqtika Seivso ucxouri 

enebis swavleba/swavlis procesSi teqstebze muSaobis axali midgomebiT, 

ganisazRvra teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciebi, SerCeul iqna maTi 

miRwevisaTvis aucilebeli saswavlo aqtivobebi, formebi, meTodebi, 

Sefasebis sistema. 

kvlevis Teoriuli da praqtikuli mniSvneloba: NnaSromSi 

ganxilulia qarTveli da ucxoeli lingvistebis mosazrebebi teqstis 

raobis, misi struqturuli maxasiaTeblebis, analizis, gagebisa da 

daxarixebis sakiTxebis Sesaxeb. agreTve, mocemulia pedagogiuri, 

saswavlo teqstis ganmsazRvreli niSnebi. warmodgenilia 

saganmanaTleblo programaSi CarTuli teqstebze orientirebuli 

kompetenciebis CamonaTvali. 

teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciebis swavleba/swavlis procesi 

aRwerilia nimuSebis, sqemebis saxiT. mocemulia rekomendaciebi saswavlo 

procesis organizebisTvis. miRebuli Sedegebis gamoyeneba SesaZlebeli 

iqneba ucxouri enis swavlebis procesSi, rogorc saSualo, ise umaRles 

saswavlebelSi. kvlevis Sedegebi daexmareba ucxouri enebis 

maswavleblebs saswavlo procesis dagegmvaSi, swavleba/swavlis 

warmatebuli Sedegis miRwevaSi; studentebs _ seminarebis momzadebisas 

damoukidebeli muSaobis xarisxis amaRlebaSi. 

dasacavad gasatani sakiTxebi: 

teqsti, rogorc saswavlo resursi, uzrunvelyofs ganaTlebis 

sxvadasxva safexurze saswavlo miznis Sesabamisi xarisxiani 

swavlis Sedegebis miRwevas; 

teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciebis gansazRvra, maTi 

CarTva saswavlo masalis SinaarsSi da asaxva teqstebze 

orientirebul silabusSi, ganapirobebs misaRwevi Sedegebis 

gacnobierebas, miznis sicxades, saswavlo procesis 

gaaqtiurebasa da xarisxis amaRlebas, rac xels Seuwyobs 

saswavlo amocanebis gadawyvetas. teqstebze orientirebuli 

13

zogadi kompetenciebis miRweuli done gamosadegia sxvadasxva 

sagansa da sxvadasxva situaciaSi axali codnis misaRebad. 

dargobrivi (sagnobrivi) kompetenciebi specifikuria garkveuli 

dargisa da sagnisaTvis. teqstebze orientirebuli 

kompetenciebis swavlebis organizaciis formebia: leqcia, 

aqtiuri leqcia, vorkSopi, seminari, kvleviTi seminari, 

praqtikuli seminari. 

saswavlo aqtivobebis SerCevis principebia: saswavlo mizanTan 

Sesabamisoba, teqstebze muSobisadmi interesis amaRleba, teqstis 

gagebisa da teqstisadmi damokidebulebis gamoxatvis unaris 

Camoyalibeba. teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciebis 

swavleba/swavlis aqtivobebi saSualebas aZlevs students 

gamoavlinos kompetenciis dauflebisaTvis mzaoba, moaxdinos 

miRweuli Sedegebis demonstrireba. 

teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciebis Sefasebis safuZvelia 

kreditebis transferisa da dagrovebis evropuli sistema (ECTS). 

upiratesoba eniWeba ganmaviTarebel Sefasebas. Sefasebis 

formebia: zepiri prezentacia, teqstis analizi, eseis, Tezisis 

prezentacia, werilobiTi angariSis Sedgena, kvleviTi statiis 

kritika, testireba, portfolio. 

naSromis struqtura: naSromi Sedgeba Sesavlis, 3 Tavis, 6 

paragrafis, daskvnebis, gamoyenebuli literaturis CamonaTvalisa da 

danarTebisagan. 

disertaciis mokle Sinaarsi: pirvel TavSi -_ „teqsti, rogorc 

saswavlo resursi“ _ ganxilulia teqstis, rogorc saswavlo resursis, 

funqcia da ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi, mocemulia sxvadasxva dargis 

mecnierTa mosazrebebi teqstis raobis Sesaxeb. dasabuTebulia saswavlo 

amocanebis miznis misaRwevi teqstis SerCevis mniSvneloba. 

naSromSi warmodgenilia: saswavlo teqstis tipebi da saxeebi, 

ganxilulia mxatvruli, oficialur-saqmiani, SemoqmedebiTi, SemecnebiTi 

da pragmatuli teqstebis arsebiTi struqturuli niSnebi da swavlebis 

meToduri aspeqtebi; teqstis aRqmis, gagebisa da interpretaciis ZiriTadi 

14

maxasiaTeblebi. teqsti ganxilulia, rogorc: 1. lingvisturi obieqti; 2. 

informaciis gadacemis saSualeba; 3. axali produqciis Seqmnis bazisi. 

gaanalizebulia saSualo da umaRlesi skolis doneze teqstis 

Seswavlis realuri viTareba, gamovlenilia winaaRmdegobebi, romelTa 

daZlevisTvis saWiroa saTanado kompetenciis floba. 

Mmeore TavSi _ „teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciebi da maTi 

miRwevis saSualebebi“ _ mocemulia kompetenciis cnebasTan 

dakavSirebuli gansazRvrebebi, aRwerilia teqstobrivi kompetenciis 

xuTkomponentiani paradigma, enobrivi pirovnebis formirebis procesi da 

teqstis aRqmisa da interpretaciis maxasiaTeblebi; Camoyalibebulia 

kompetenciebis CamonaTvali bakalavriatis safexurisTvis; kompetenciis 

miRwevis principis mixedviT gamoyofili da daxasiaTebulia sxvadasxva 

saswavlo aqtivoba da strategia. naSromSi warmodgenili dargobrivi da 

zogadi teqstobrivi kompetenciebis SerCeuli aqtivobebi xels Seuwyobs 

students misaRwevi Sedegis gacnobierebaSi, saswavlo procesSi aqtiurad 

Cabmasa da damoukidebeli muSaobis gaumjobesebaSi. 

amave TavSi ganxilulia teqstis gagebisaTvis aucilebeli 

lokaluri da globaluri doneebi, sityvis gagebisa da Seswavlis 

sxvadasxva meTodi. 

mocemulia saqarTvelosa da sazRvargareTis saSualo da umaRlesi 

skolebis saganmanaTleblo programaSi gaTvaliswinebuli teqstobrivi 

kompetenciebis analizi. 

mniSvnelovnad migvaCnia umaRles skolaSi, profesionali pedagogis 

momzadebis farglebSi, teqstobrivi kompetenciis formirebis procesis 

fsiqologiur_pedagogiuri Semadgeneli aspeqtis gamovlena. 

mesame TavSi _ „miRweuli Sedegebis donis Sefaseba“ _ ganxilulia 

Sedegebis Sefasebis ori mimarTuleba: 1. studentis codnis Sefaseba 

ECTS sistemas mixedviT; mocemulia teqstebze orientirebuli 

kompetenciebis Sefasebis formebi, rubrikebi, sqemebi; miTiTebulia maTi 

gamoyenebis rekomendaciebi; 2. Sedegebis Semowmeba moxda eqsperimentis 

gziT. mocemulia eqsperimentis programa, aRwerilia msvleloba, 

gaanalizebulia Sedegebi. 

kvlevis Sedegebi aRwerilia daskvnebSi. 

15

Tavi I 

teqsti, rogorc saswavlo resursi 

$1. teqsti, rogorc saswavlo miznis ganxorcielebis 

ZiriTadi resursi 

1.1.1 teqsti, rogorc lingvisturi kvlevis obieqti 

Tanamedrove ganaTlebis Taviseburebas warmoadgens informaciis 

didi odenobiT dagroveba da intensiuri gadamuSaveba, rac studentisgan 

moiTxovs axali midgomebiT muSaobas. Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi swored 

informacia warmoadgens mTavar savaWro produqts, xolo informaciasTan 

muSaobis unari _ qveynis strategiul resurss. 

evropaSi saganmanaTleblo struqturebis urTierTSewyobis proeqt 

„TuningSi~ aRniSnulia, rom ìnformaciis menejmentis kompetencia 

TiTqmis Tanabrad aRiqmeba yvela dargobriv jgufSi, rogorc 

literaturaSi saWiro informaciis moZiebis unari, informaciis 

pirvelad da meorad wyaroebs Soris gansxvavebis unari, tradiciuli Tu 

eleqtronuli biblioTekis gamoyenebis unari, internetSi informaciis 

povnis unari~ (gonzalesi 2008:78). 

radgan sxvadasxva informacia, ZiriTadad, teqstis saxiTaa 

warmodgenili, Sesabamisad, saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi 

swavleba/swavlis procesi dakavSirebulia teqstTan. teqsti aris 

saswavlo miznis misaRwevi umTavresi resursi. erovnuli saswavlo gegmis 

SesavalSi vkiTxulobT: „maswavlebelma aqcenti unda gaakeTos 

saxelmZRvaneloebSi mocemuli teqstebis, savarjiSoebisa Tu 

ilustraciebis gamoyenebaze sagnobrivi standartebis Sedegebis 

misaRwevad~ (internetresursi #6). 

teqstis raobis sakiTxis Sesaxeb arsebobs sxvadasxva Sexeduleba. 

dRes teqsti, rogorc Seswavlis obieqti, ipyrobs sxvadasxva sferos 

specialistTa yuradRebas, romlebic ikvleven enis funqciur- 

komunikaciur, filologiur, pedagogiur mniSvnelobas. cnebaSi `teqsti“ 

xSirad moiazreba teqstis gramatika, stilistika, sintaqsi, lingvistika. 

teqstis mravalaspeqturi bunebis gamo SeuZlebelia misi dayvana mxolod 

enobriv kategoriamde. ganmartebebi, rom teqsti aris `winadadebaze meti 

16

erTeuli“, `winadadebebis Tanamimdevroba“ da a. S. arasrulia, radgan 

isini asaxaven teqstis wyobas, materialur struqturas, xolo misi 

eqstralingvisturi maCveneblebi yuradRebis gareSea datovebuli. ufro 

metic, `Tu gaviTvaliswinebT teqstis Sinaarsobriv komponents, teqsti 

winadadebebisgan ki ar Sedgeba, aramed realizdeba maTSi“ (Валгина 

2003:36). 

teqsti agreTve ganisazRvreba, rogorc ìnformaciuli sivrce“, 

`niSanTa Tanmimdevroba~ da a. S. magaliTad, semiotikaSi `teqstSi~ 

moiazreba nebismier niSanTa gaazrebuli Tanmimdevroba, komunikaciis 

nebismieri forma, maT Soris, cekvac da ritualic. zogierTi mecnieri 

Tvlis, rom „teqstis semiotikuri Teoria scdeba teqstis lingvistikis 

farglebs da iZens universalur xasiaTs~ (kinwuraSvili 2008:35). 

filologiaSi, kerZod, enaTmecnierebaSi, teqstSi moiazreba, 

rogorc verbalur (enobriv) niSanTa Tanmimdevroba. radgan teqstSi 

Caqsovilia garkveuli azri, is Tavidanve aris komunikaciuri funqciis 

matarebeli. amitom, teqsti aris warmodgenili, rogorc komunikaciis 

erTeuli. rolan barti Tvlis: `teqsti sityvebis sworxazovani jaWvi 

araa, romelic erTaderT, garkveul Teologiur sazriss gamoxatavs, 

aramed mravalganzomilebiani sivrce, sadac erTmaneTs erwymian da 

epaeqrebian mwerilis gansxvavebuli tipebi, romelTagan arc erTi ar 

warmoadgens amosavals: teqsti citatebisganaa moqsovili da aTasobiT 

kulturul pirvelwyaroze migviTiTebs“ (Барт 2003:46). 

poststruqturalistTa naSromebSi ki teqstis cneba scdeba 

literaturuli teqstis farglebs da gaigivebulia adamianis 

cnobierebasTan, rogorc misi fiqsaciis erTaderT WeSmarit 

SesaZleblobasTan. 

teqsti warmoadgens niSanTa erTeulebis azrobrivad gaerTianebul 

Tanmimdevrobas, romlis ZiriTadi Tvisebaa urTierTkavSiri da 

mTlianoba. TviT sityva „teqsti~ (laT. Textus) niSnavs qsovils, naqsovs, 

kavSirs, SeerTebas. mniSvnelovania davadginoT, ra, rogor da risTvis 

erTiandeba da ukavSirdeba erTmaneTs. rolan barti wers: ,,teqsti niSnavs 

qsovils; Tumca Tu aqamde am qsovils fardad gebulobdnen, romlis 

miRma warmatebulad Tu warumateblad imaleboda azri (WeSmariteba), Cven, 

17

am qsovilze laparakisas, xazs vusvamT dabadebis da warmoebis 

SesaZleblobebs, risi meSveobiTac teqsti iqmneba, usasrulod iqsoveba 

mravali Zafis gadaxlarTviT: am qsovilSi Cakarguli subieqti qreba, 

obobas msgavsad“ (Барт 1994:127). 

„teqstisa~ da „diskursis~ TiTqmis erTnair gansazRvrebas 

gvTavazobs d. kristali „kembrijis enis enciklopediaSi~ da j. riCardsi 

„longmenis gamoyenebiTi lingvistikis leqsikonSi~. isini teqsts 

ganixilaven, rogorc frazebisa da winadadebebis Tanwyobas 

paragrafebad, xolo „diskursi~ maTi Tematurobis rekonstruqciaa; 

„diskursuli analizi~ ki exeba imis kvlevas, Tu ra gramatikuli 

kategoriebiT gadmoica diskursis struqtura da riTi miiRweva 

gamonaTqvamebs Soris kavSiri ama Tu im saxis diskursSi~ (dvaliZe 

2009:12). 

`teqstisa~ da `diskursis~ gansazRvrebisas, lingvistTa jgufi 

orad gaiyo. erTni miiCneven maT erTmaneTis sinonimad, meoreni ki – ara. 

v. furcelaZe (1998) mijnavs am or cnebas erTmaneTisgan: „teqsti“, 

umetes SemTxvevaSi, ixmareba werilobiTi warmonaqmnis, xolo „diskursi“_ 

zepiri dialoguri metyvelebis aRsaniSnavad. „teqstis gamocalkeveba 

umetesad „zepir-werilobiTi“ opoziciis fonze xdeba, magram zogjer igi 

iRebs mentalur_materializebuli mimarTulebis saxes. aseT SemTxvevaSi 

„diskursi“ ganimarteba, rogorc enobrivi gamoTqmis aqti. 

„literaturuli diskursi“ niSnavs ara materializebul warmonaqmns, 

aramed mis materialur struqturas. 

lingvistebis erTi jgufi teqstad miiCnevs erT sityvas, saTaurs, 

frazas, winadadebas, werils, cnobas, amindis prognozs, anketas, 

gancxadebas, Jests, mimikas da sxva saxis aramxatvruli teqstis nimuSebs. 

meore jgufis azriT ki, profesor vladimer sergias sityvebiT rom 

vTqvaT, „teqsti aris umaRlesi donis enobrivi sametyvelo erTeuli, 

romelsac aqvs sakuTari Tema, grafikuli saxe, struqturuli da 

semantikuri mTlianoba, azrobrivi damTavrebuloba da sakomunikacio 

daniSnuleba~ (dvaliZe 2009:35). 

18

„teqsti aris sametyvelo procesis dasrulebuli warmonaqmni, 

werilobiTi dokumentis saxiT obieqtizirebuli, literaturulad 

damuSavebuli am saxis dokumentis tipis mixedviT; es nawarmoebi Sedgeba 

saTaurisgan da rigi gansakuTrebuli (zefrazuli erTianobisgan), 

romelic gaerTianebulia sxvadasxva saxis leqsikuri, gramatikuli, 

logikuri, stilisturi kavSiriT, romelsac aqvs gansazRvruli 

mizanmimarTuleba da pragmatuli mizani~ (Гальперин 1977:124). 

„komunikacia moicavs ara marto gzavnils (mesijs) da teqsts, 

aramed, avtorsa da mkiTxvels (addressser and addressee) Soris urTierTobas, 

maT uSualo situaciur konteqsts. amdenad igi aris interpersonaluri 

da urTierTdamokidebuli bunebis; agreTve mas aqvs sazogadoebrivi 

daniSnuleba. diskursi unda axasiaTebdes ara marto Cveulebriv saubars 

da mis konteqsts, aramed weriT komunikaciebs mweralsa da mkiTxvels 

Soris. aqedan gamomdinarea terminebi _ `literaturuli an naratuli 

diskursi“, `diskursis samyaro“ da sxva. am farTo gagebiT diskursi 

moicavs teqsts, magram es terminebi „teqsti“ da „diskursi“ ar aris 

yovelTvis advili gasarCevi erTmaneTisgan da xSirad sinonimuradac 

gamoiyeneba~ (dvaliZe 2009:13). 

robert de bogranma da volfgang dreslerma (Beaugrande… 1981) 

Camoayalibes komunikaciuri teqstis teqstualobis 7 maxasiaTebeli: 

kohezia, koherentuloba, ganzraxva, marTebuloba, informatuloba, 

situaciuroba, interteqstualoba. agreTve, maT gansazRvres teqstobrivi 

komunikaciis sami maregulirebeli principi: efeqtianoba, efeqturoba da 

Sesabamisoba. 

pirveli standarti _ kohezia _ aris teqstis sintaqsuri mTlianoba. 

teqsts koheziurobas aniWebs leqsikuri da gramatikuli erTeulebis 

Sesabamisi kombinacia. halideim da hasanma (Halliday…1989) Camoayalibes 

koheziis xuTi kategoria: miTiTeba, Senacvleba, elipsi, kavSiri da 

leqsikuri kohezia. gTavazobT koheziis sxvadasxva kategoriis 

magaliTebs. 

a. Wash six cooking apples. Put them into a fireproof dish. (miTiTeba) 

b. My knife is blunt. I have to get a sharper one. (Senacvleba) 

19

c. Did you see John? - Yes. (elipsi) 

d. They fought a battle. Afterwards, it snowed. (kavSiri) 

leqsikuri koheziiis magaliTebia: 

“There is a boy climbing the tree” 

a. The boy’s going to fall if he does not take care. 

b. The lad’s going to fall if he does not take care. 

c. The child’s going to fall if he does not take care. 

d. The idiot’s going to fall if he does not take care. 

koherentuloba, anu teqstis azrobrivi moculoba, komunikaciuri 

teqstis meore standartia. kohezia teqstis garegani mxarea, xolo 

koherentuloba ki _ mkiTxvelisa da teqstis urTierTqmedebis Sedegi. 

gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoeba, rom koheziuri erTeulebis ubralod 

arseboba ver mianiWebs teqsts koherentulobas. gTavazobT nimuSs 

teqstisa, romelic aris koheziuri, magram ar aris koherentuli. 

I bought a Ford. The car in which President Wilson rode down the Champs 

Elysees was black. Black English has been widely discussed. The discussions 

between the presidents ended last week. A week has seven days. Every day I feed 

my cat. Cats have four legs. (internetresursi №38) 

amgvarad, teqsti unda iyos ara mxolod koheziuri, aramedMmasSi 

azric unda iyos Cadebuli. n. balaganinas mixedviT, teqstobrivi 

kategoriebi (Sinaarsobrivi, struqturuli, funqciuri, komunikaciuri), 

romlebic „arsebiTad gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan, erwymis erTmaneTs da 

warmoSobs erTian mTlianobas, romelic ufro metia, vidre misi 

Semadgeneli elementebis ubralo jami“ (Балаганина 2010:90). 

p. verdonki Tvlis, rom verbalur-formaluri mniSvnelobebi _ 

teqstis semantikur-sintaqsuri gaformeba semantikisa da stilistikis 

sferoa, xolo konteqstobrivi teqstis pragmatuli intenciis diskursi 

miekuTvneba lingvistur pragmatikas. A„aqedan gamomdinarea albaT isic, 

rom teqstis lingvistisaTvis teqsti aris winadadebaTa azrobrivi 

erTobliobiT dakavSirebuli enobrivi erTeuli, romelsac gaaCnia 

20

kohezia da koherentuloba, dinamizmi da procesualoba; sadac yvelaferi 

pirdapir ar aris naTqvami, sadac pragmatuli intencia saZiebelia da misi 

marTebulad wvdomis SemTxvevaSi xdeba mxatvruli xatis konstruireba, 

anu pragmatuli intenciis esTetizacia, rasac aramxatvruli teqsti 

moklebulia (Vardonk 2006:54). 

komunikaciuri teqstis mesame standarti _ ganzraxva _ teqstis 

momxmarebelzea orientirebuli. teqstis Semqmnels Cveulebriv, mocemuli 

gegmis gamoyenebiT, surs mizans miaRwios (magaliTad, daarwmunos, 

instruqtaJi gauwios, moiTxovos, informacia miawodos da a. S.). teqsti 

unda iyo misaRebi mkiTxvelisTvis. man unda SeZlos xazebs Soris 

informaciis amokiTxva. am mxriv gasaTvaliswinebelia, romeli saxis 

teqstTan gvaqvs saqme. poeturi qmnilebis gasagebad xazebs Soris 

informaciis amokiTxvas didi mniSvneloba eniWeba, radgan poeturi 

nawarmoebis faseulobis erT-erTi maxasiaTebelia azris mxatvruli 

saSualebebiT gadmocema, magram iuridiul kontraqtSi informacia 

maqsimalurad unda iyos teqstis zedapirze moqceuli. 

informatuloba SedarebiTi xasiaTis kategoriaa. magaliTad, 1950- 

ian wlebSi dawerili teqsti, romelic im droisTvis miiCneoda maRali 

informatulobis Semcvelad, dRevandeli gadasaxedidan SesaZloa 

naklebinformatuli iyos. komunikaciuri teqstis Semdegi kategoriaa 

situaciuroba. teqsti unda iyos garkveuli socialuri Tu pragmatuli 

konteqstis Sesabamisi. meSvide kategorias warmoadgens 

interteqstualoba_ teqstis kavSiri sxva teqstebTan. 

cneba `teqsti“ SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes ara mxolod mTliani 

literaturuli nawarmoebis, aramed mikroTemis, nawarmoebis Tavis, 

paragrafis an Sesavlis mimarTac. 

teqstis TeoriaSi Zalzed mniSvnelovania sakiTxi teqstis 

identurobis, kanonikurobis Sesaxeb, romelsac ikvlevs filologiis 

dargi _ teqstologia. teqstologia aris literaturaTmcodneobiTi 

disciplina, romelic kritikulad Seiswavlis damwerlobis, 

literaturisa da folkloris Zeglebs maTi mecnieruli gamocemis 

mizniT. meoce saukunis 30-iani wlebidan am terminis nacvlad gamoiyeneba 

„teqstis kritika~. 

21

amrigad, teqsti ganisazRvreba, rogorc „1. winadadebis, sityvebis 

Tanmimdevroba, romelic agebulia mocemuli enis wesebis mixedviT da 

gvawvdis raime cnobas; 2. avtoris dawerili an dabeWdili dasrulebuli 

mxatvruli nawarmoebi (an misi fragmenti), istoriuli dokumenti da sxva; 

3. Txzuleba (beWduri anawyobis ZiriTadi nawili) suraTebis, naxazebis, 

formulebis, SeniSvnebis, komentarebis gareSe; 4. musikalur nawarmoebTa 

(mag., operis, romanis da sxv.) sityvebi; 5. stamburi Srifti; 6. semiotikasa 

da lingvistikaSi – niSanTa Tanamimdevroba (enis an niSanTa sxva 

sistemisa), romelic qmnis mTlianobas da gansakuTrebuli mecnierebis - 

teqstis lingvistikis kvlevis sagans warmoadgens~ (enciklopedia 1985:707). 

formis mixedviT, teqstebi SesaZloa iyos werilobiTi an zepiri. 

orive maTgani unda iyos struqturulad gamarTuli, Sinaganad 

gaazrebuli da mkiTxvelis an msmenelis aRqmaze mizanmimarTuli. aris 

meTodebi, romlebic ikvleven, ramdenad Seesabameba teqsti mocemuli 

codnis mqone recipients. teqstis marTebuli aRqmis ganmsazRvreli ara 

mxolod teqstis enobrivi, grafikuli erTeulebisa da saSualebebis 

gagebaa, aramed recipientis zogadi codna, wina codna anu 

„komunikaciuri foni~, rasac efuZneba teqstis dekodireba. fonuri codna 

SesaZloa iyos socialuri, individualuri an koleqtiuri saxis. 

`socialuri codna sametyvelo aqtis yvela monawilisaTvis aris 

saerTo. individualur codnas mxolod dialogis monawileebi floben 

saubris dawyebamde. koleqtiuri fonuri codna ki garkveuli koleqtivis, 

erTi profesiis mqone xalxisTvis aris saerTo~ (Шабес 1989:311). 

rogorc aRvniSneT, Cven viziarebT da veyrdnobiT vladimer sergias, 

rusudan enuqiZis da avTandil arabulis „teqstis“ ganmartebas. `teqsti 

aris enobrivi aqtivobis (Semoqmedebis) konkretuli Sedegi, dasrulebuli 

Sinaarsobrivad da mTliani struqturulad, mizanmimarTuli sametyvelo, 

moqmedebis bolomde realizebuli mTlianoba. 

teqstis arsebiTi struqturuli niSnebia: 

teqsts aqvs dasawyisi da dasasruli; 

teqsts axasiaTebs Sinaarsobrivi mTlianoba, anu Sinaarsobrivi 

kavSiri mis calkeul monakveTebs Soris; 

22

teqsts aqvs saerTo azri (SeiZleba teqstis mTeli saTqmelis 

koncentracia erT frazaSi); 

teqsts aqvs an SeiZleba hqondes saTauri; 

teqsts aqvs struqturuli mTlianoba: sityvebi erTiandebian 

winadadebebSi azrobriv monakveTebad (abzacebad). abzacebi _ 

teqstobriv blokebad (paragrafebi, Tavebi, nawilebi); 

teqsti enobriv erTeulTa arsebobis mTavar realur garemos 

warmoadgens da maTi obieqturi Rirebulebac sworad teqstis 

farglebSia xelSesaxebi~ (arabuli 2004:252). 

1.1.2 pedagogiuri teqsti 

termini `pedagogiuri teqsti“ pirvelad gamoiyenes 1980-ian wlebSi. 

saswavlo teqstis upirvelesi funqcia aris swavleba. Sesabamisad, is 

unda Seicavdes iseT saSualebebs, romelTa meSveobiT xdeba 

moswavlis/studentis saqmianobis motivireba, dagegmva da ganxorcieleba, 

rasac mivyavarT saswavlo miznebis miRwevamde. l. malcevas azriT, 

`saswavlo teqsti mravalfunqciuria: 1. is Seicavs saswavlo 

informacias; 2. is aris zogadi da profesiuli codnis, kulturis 

matarebeli; 3. teqsti impliciturad Seicavs saswavlo informaciis da 

kulturuli faseulobebis aTvisebis meTodebs~ (Мальцева 1989:35). 

pedagogiuri teqsti unda iyos Sedgenili garkveuli pedagogiuri 

moTxovnebis Sesabamisad. ìm codnis testireba, gakontroleba, romlis 

reproducirebasac axdens teqsti, maswavleblis mier advili 

mosaxerxebeli unda iyos~ (Selander 1988:17). 

saswavlo amocanebis miznis misaRwevi teqstis SerCevas gadamwyveti 

mniSvneloba aqvs. აm SemTxvevaSi nebismieri teqsti ar gamodgeba. teqstis 

Sinaarsi da stili gansazRvravs im sametyvelo gamoxatulebas, romelmac 

zustad, adekvaturad unda gamoxatos saTqmeli. Sinaarsi am SemTxvevaSic 

fოrmis (anu sametyvelo gamoxatulebis) ganmapirobebelia. 

arsebuli viTarebis analizisaTvis sayuradReboa l. SaviSvilis 

mosazreba, romelic ambobs, rom „Cvens saskolo praqtikaSi axsnisas 

teqstebze muSaoba gamoricxuli rodia, magram maswavleblebi upiratesad 

iyeneben sაgangebod Sedgenil teqstebs, rac uxvad Seicavs samizno 

23

sityvebs formaTa Sedareba-Sepirispirebis xerxiT. aseTi teqstebi 

aramxatvrulia, Raribi, xelovnurad SeTxzuli. isini marjvea saTqmelis 

naTelsayofad, magram raki TviT teqsti mxatvruli TvalsazrisiT 

mdarea, romelime wesis nimuSad misi damaxsovreba mizanSeuwonelia“ 

(SaviSvili 1983:45). 

meoce saukunis 80–iani wlebidan swavlis procesi ZiriTadad aris 

dakavSirebuli teqstebTan. tradiciulad, teqsti ganixileba, rogorc 

dakavSirebuli diskursi, romelic warmodgenilia saswavlo 

saxelmZRvaneloebSi, Jurnal-gazeTebSi. es teqstobrivi forma 

warmoadgens swavleba/swavlis centralur nawils. Mmagram, gamomdinare 

iqidan, rom bolo sami aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi, teqstisa da 

swavleba/swavlis cnebebma ganicada transformacia, studentebis 

akademiuri ganviTarebis bunebac mniSvnelovnad Seicvala. kerZod, gaCnda 

Tanamedrove teqstis mravalgvari modalobis _ internetiT moZiebuli, 

naklebad dakavSirebuli teqstebis, dinamiuri Setyobinebebis _ gagebis 

aucileblobac, ramac ganapiroba informaciul-sakomunikacio 

teqnologiebis danergva Tanamedrove saganmanaTleblo sistemaSi. 

swavlebis procesSi gamoyenebuli interaqtiuli teqstebi ambis 

gadmosacemad iyeneben sityvebis, gamosaxulebebis da bgerebis 

kombinacias. am teqstebis kategorizacia umTavresad xdeba 

mediakomunikaciis tipis mixedviT: 

– kompiuteri – internetinformacia, prezentaciebi; 

– beWduri media – dasuraTebuli wigni, Jurnali, sainformacio 

wignebi; 

– bgeriTi da vizualuri media – radio, televizia, video da DVD 

formati. 

am Mmultimodalur teqstebSi werilobiT nawilTan erTad gvxvdeba 

Jestebi, moZraobebi, uZravi an/da moZravi gamosaxulebebi, sityvebi, 

bgeriTi da musikaluri efeqtebi. 

ucxouri enebis Tanamedrove saswavlo literaturaSi gvxvdeba 

teqstebis aRmniSvneli Semdegi abreviaturebi: TALO, TAVI, TASP . TALO 

(Text as a linguistic object), anu teqsti, rogorc lingvisturi obieqti, 

gamoiyeneba gramatikis gasamtkiceblad da sityvieri maragis 

24

gasamdidreblad. Ees teqstebi Sedgenilia pedagogiuri miznebisTvis da 

SesaZloa iyos avTenturi an àdaptirebuli“, Seicavdes Sesaswavli enis 

konkretul elementebsa da maxasiaTeblebs. TAVI (Texts as a vehicle for 

information) _ teqsti, rogorc informaciis gadacemis saSualeba. am saxis 

teqstebSi gadmocemuli informacia ufro faseulia, vidre TviT ena, 

romliTac is aris gadmocemuli. studentebs moeTxovebaT teqstis 

zogadi Sinaarsis gageba. es teqstebi SesaZloa gamoyenebul iyos 

studentebisTvis raime movlenis gasacnobad an maTi interesis gazrdis 

saSualebad. isini umTavresad avTenturia da komunikaciur midgomazea 

dafuZnebuli. TASP (Texts as springboard for production) da (Text as a Stimulus for 

Production) _ teqsti, rogorc produqciis Seqmnis bazisi an stimuli. Ees 

teqstebi warmoadgens baziss kiTxviTi an weriTi davalebebisTvis 


teqnologiebis ganviTarebam saTave daudo Tanamedrove swavlebis 

axal formas – distanciur swavlebas. Mmis farglebSi gamoyenebuli Self- 

Directed Learning Texts (TviTsaswavli teqstebi) saSualebas aZlevs pirovnebas, 

sakuTari SesaZleblobebidan gamomdinare, TviTon dagegmos Sesaswavli 

masalis intensivoba da moaxdinos sakuTari miRwevebis Sefaseba. 

a. babailovas mixedviT, `saswavlo teqsti aris teqstobrivi 

aqtivobis_ swavlebis, saswavlo teqstobrivi komunikaciis erTeuli. 

Sinaarsobrivi, enobrivi da kompoziciuri mimarTebiT, didaqtikuri 

miznebisTvis organizebuli teqsti aris saxelmZRvanelos erTiani 

informaciuli velis nawili, romelic mizanmimarTulia teqstobrivi 

aqtivobis Camoyalibebaze. teqstebis safuZvelze xdeba codnis gadacema 

calkeul disciplinebSi. amasTanave, mocemul etapze gansazRvruli 

jgufis (asakobrivi, erovnuli da a.S.) adamianebs uyalibdebaT swavlis 

konkretuli unar-Cvevebi~ (Бабайлова 1987:130). 

g. Jofkova aRniSnavs, rom saswavlo teqsts aqvs farTo gageba da 

erTianad moicavs saxelmZRvanelos mTlian teqstur masalas (teqstebi, 

savarjiSoebi, prezentacia). didi mniSvneloba aqvs teqstebisa da 

savarjiSoebis urTierTmimarTebas. teqstebi gvamcnoben axal 

informacias, emsaxurebian axali enobrivi movlenebis prezentacias da 

amasTanave, warmoadgenen sawyis wertils maTi praqtikuli aTvisebisTvis. 

25

`teqstebSi aucileblad unda iyos asaxuli gakveTilis Tematika, rac, 

ZiriTadad, gansazRvravs savarjiSoebis arCevas da maT tipologias~ 

(Жофкова 1999:5). 

specialur literaturaSi dominirebs teqstis, rogorc saswavlo 

komunikaciis elementis, sami sabazo saxe: 

1. werilobiTi (beWduri) saxelmZRvanelos teqsti (internetresursi 

№33); 

2. aralingvisturi Sinaarsis werilobiTi (beWduri) teqsti – specialuri 

samecniero-teqnikuri an zogad-samecniero xasiaTis; zogadi da 

profesiuli mimarTulebis saswavlo teqstebi (Войтик 2004; Носонович 

1999; M Morrow 1977; Taylor 1994; Heitler 2005); 

3. maswavleblis mier zepiri an werilobiTi formiT Sedgenili teqsti 

auditoriis winaSe warsadgenad (Ленец 1999; Носар 2002; Комина 2003, 

2004; Черник 2002). 

teqstebis safuZvelze SeiZleba ganviTardes komunikaciuri 

metyveleba. saswavlo masalis gaazreba praqtikulad iwyeba teqstidan, 

romelic warmoadgens garkveuli sityvebisa da struqturis dakvirvebis 

masalas. teqsti SesaZloa miviCnioT savarjiSoTa sistemis erT-erT 

komponentad. aucilebelia meTodurad damuSavdes sawyisi teqstis 

kavSiri teqstis Semdeg mocemul aqtivobebTan, savarjiSoebTan 

(Митрофанова 1972:56). 

saswavlo amocanis Sesatyvisi teqstebia: literaturuli da 

araliteraturuli nawarmoebebi, mcire zomis folkloruli teqstebi, 

enis gasatexi, gamocanebi, andazebi, qarTuli da ucxouri sabavSvo 

klasika, moTxrobebi, igav-arakebi, zRaprebi, legendebi, moTxrobebi, 

leqsebi, klasikuri da Tanamedrove literatura, ucxouri literaturis 

Tაrgmanebi, litmcodneobis aspeqtebi, mimoxilviTi xasiaTis teqstebi, 

narkvevebi, sagazeTo statiebi, martivi proeqtebi, axsna-ganmartebiTi 

xasiaTis teqstebi, angariSebi, samecniero-publicisturi nawarmoebebi, 

sagazeTo statiebi, sxvadasxva periodis publicistika, memuarebi, 

recenziebi, moxsenebebi, oqmebi, sainformacio angariSebi. 

26

saswavlo teqstebi SeiZleba moicavdes Semdeg Temebs: buneba, 

mogzauroba, Tavgadasavali, fantastika, ojaxi, Tanatolebis cxovreba, 

SromiTi swavleba, humanizmi, samSoblo, religia, zneobrivi magaliTebi, 

adamianuri urTierTobebi, samarTlianoba, sikeTe da boroteba, 

megobroba. 

n. kirvaliZe (Kirvalidze 2008) gvTavazobs funqciuri teqstebis Semdeg 

tipebs: 1. aRweriTi (descriptive); 2. TxrobiTi (narrative); 3 .msjelobiTi 

(agumentative); 4. literaturuli (literary); 5. poeturi (poetic); 6. samecniero 

(scientific); 7. didaqtikuri (didactic); 8. sasaubro (conversational). 

„teqstebis nairsxeoba qmnis im aucilebel Tematur garemos, 

romlis gacnobierebamac adamiani unda moamzados cxovrebiseuli, 

profesiuli urTierTobisaTvis da, rac mTavaria, zneobrivi 

srulyofisaken swrafvisaTvis. saswavlo amocanebi iTvaliswinebs 

gansxvavebuli teqstebis gagebis, aRqmis, interpretaciis unar-Cvevebis 

dauflebas, teqstebis damoukideblad, sworad wakiTxvas, sakuTari 

damokidebulebebis gamoxatvas, analizs, informaciis mopovebasa da 

gamoyenebas, saWiroebis SemTxveaSi ki _ teqstebis Sedgenas” (ixileT 

internetresursi №44). 

a. arabulis mixedviT, `Tu adamianis sityvier samyaroSi arsebulი 

teqstebis did mravalferovnebas yvelaze zogadi Sinaarsobriv- 

stilisturi principebiT davyofT, sami ZiriTadi tipi gveqneba: 

mxatvruli, publicisturi da informaciuli. mxatvruli, publicisturi 

da informaciuli tipis teqstebs Soris garkveuli ierarqiaa: TiToeuli 

maTgani moicavs momdevnos niSnebs, magram momdevno ar moicavs (ar unda 

moicavdes) winamavalis niSnebs. რac mTavaria, TiToeul maTgans iseTi 

specifikuri niშnebi gaaCnia, rac sabolood ganapirobebs maTi 

sawarmoTqmo amocanisadmi damokidebulebas; kerZod, mxatvrul teqstSi 

dominantia emociur-esTetikuri niSani (moxibvla), publicistur teqstSi 

wina planzea publikaze (auditoriaze) gonebrivi zegavlenis neba 

(darwmuneba), xolo informaciuli teqsti am orive TvalsazrisiT 

neitraluria, maqsimalurad aris daclili mTqmelis nebisa da 

27

aqtivobisagan. misi funqcia mxolod informaciis miwodebaSi 

mdgomareobs~ (arabuli 2004:47). 

g. Jofkova (Жофкова 1999) saswavlo teqstebs yofs xasiaTis, 

Sinaarsis, formis da funqciis mixedviT. xasiaTi – samecniero, 

samecniero-popularuli, mxatvruli; Sinaarsi _ aRweriTi, TxrobiTi; 

forma – dialogi, monologi; funqcia _ xelovnurad Sedgenili, 

adaptirebuli, originaluri. 

l. risi saswavlo teqsts ganixilavs or saxed _ komunikaciur da 

arakomunikaciur saswavlo teqstebad. `monologi, enobrivi niSnebis 

Tanmimdevroba, romelic warmoadgens erTian Setyobinebas da dialogi, 

romelic Seesabameba garkveul situacias, warmoadgenen komunikaciur 

saswavlo teqstebs. arasakomunikacio saswavlo teqsts warmoadgens 

enobrivi niSnebis wyoba (sityvebi, sityvaTSeTanxmebebi, winadadebebi), 

romelsac ar aqvs erTiani sakomunikacio funqcia an konkretul 

situaciasTan raime kavSiri~ (Ries 1980:58). 

`ra tipis teqstebi SevarCioT saswavlo miznisTvis? `teqstis tipis 

SerCevisas unda gaviTvaliswinoT: 

nacnobia Tu ara moswavlisaTvis teqstis struqturuli niSnebi; 

Seesabameba Tu ara teqstis tipi im mizans, romelic davisaxeT 

konkretul situaciaSi; 

ganaviTarebs Tu ara teqsti im aucilebel unar-Cvevebs, romlebic 

students sWirdeba; 

aris Tu ara daculi balansi pragmatul da mxatvrul teqstebs 

Soris; 

pirvelwyaroa teqsti Tu adaptirebuli varianti da, adaptirebis 

SemTxvevaSi, SenarCunebulia Tu ara ZiriTadi elementebi (Sinaarsi, 

Janri, struqtura da sxva)~ (inasariZe 2006:25). 

didi britaneTis 2010 wlis ganaTlebis erovnuli strategiebis 

analizis Sedegad, davadgineT, rom, saswavlo teqstebis Semdegi tipebi 

gamoiyeneba: narativi _ Tavgadasavali, misteria, mecnieruli fantastika, 

istoriuli mxatvruli nawarmoebebi, Tanamedrove mxatvruli 

nawarmoebebi, problemis Semcveli moTxrobebi, dialogi, miTebi, 

legendebi, zRaprebi. aramxatvruli teqstebi _ eqspozitoruli: 

28

sadiskusio, axsna/ganmartebiTi, instruqciuli, damarwmunebeli, 

araqronologiuri angariSi, angariSi, enciklopediuri statiebi, sajaro 

gamosvlebis, prezentaciebis dros warmoTqmuli sityva, sajaro 

dokumentaciis nimuSebi, beWduri media, internetresursebi, almanaxebi, 

axali ambebi, biografiebi, samecniero statiebi, axsna-ganmartebebi, 

istoriul-politikuri analizi. aramxatvruli (funqciuri) teqstebi _ 

ganrigebi, rukebi, diagramebi, eleqtronuli monacemebi. poezia _ TeTri 

leqsi, vizualuri (konkretuli, figuruli) leqsi, struqturirebuli 

poemebi. 

jim burki (Burke 2003:57) saswavlo teqstebs yofs oTx kategoriad: 1. 

funqciuri/eqspozitoruli; 2. narativi; 3. dramatuli; 4. poeturi. 

teqstebze orientirebuli swavleba/swavla damokidebulia teqstis 

Janrze, struqturasa da xarisxze. didi mniSvneloba aqvs, saswavlo 

teqsti warmoadgens Txrobas (narativs), eqspozitorulia Tu orives 

kombinaciaa (Sereuli tipis); Sereuli tipis teqstebs aqvs rogorc 

TxrobiTi, aseve eqspozitoruli teqstis niSnebi. amis TvalsaCino 

magaliTia biografiebi. erTi teqsti SesaZloa moicavdes ramdenime 

teqstis tips. magaliTad, rodesac TxrobaSi CarTulia dRiurebis, 

werilebis, eleqtronuli mimoweris formatis teqstebi. 

rogorc aRvniSneT, teqstis ZiriTadi mizania informaciis 

gadmocema. sxvadasxva tipis teqsti sxvadasxva informacias aRwers. 

narativi SedarebiT advili gasagebia. amitomac swavlebis sawyis etapze, 

umTavresad, naratiuli nawarmoebebi gamoiyeneba. swavlebis maRal 

safexurze gadasvlasTan erTad, matulobs eqspozitoruli 

(sainformacio) saxis teqstebis gamoyenebis sixSire da moculoba. 

eqspozitoruli teqstebi (sagazeTo an enciklopediuri statiebi) xsnis 

raime movlenis moqmedebis princips an obieqtis zogadi qcevis arss. 

sxvadasxva sagnis saxelmZRvaneloSi mravlad gvxvdeba eqspozitoruli 

tipis teqstebis gamoyenebis magaliTebi. 

jim burki saswavlo teqstebs yofs Semdeg tipebad: „1. teqstebi, 

Sedgenili informaciis miwodebis mizniT: abstraqti, yovelwliuri 

angariSi, biuleteni, bibliografia, broSura, katalogi, reziume, flaeri, 

wignis indeqsi, gancxadeba, instruqcia, ruka, meniu, oqmi, nekrologi, 

29

konspeqti, recepti, ganrigi, statistika, wignis sarCevi. 2 teqstebi, 

Sedgenili mkiTxvelis dasarwmuneblad: reklama, alegoria, wignis 

anotacia (gamomcemlis reklama), pamfleti, reziume, mimoxilva, lozungi. 

3. teqstebi, Sedgenili raimes asaxsnelad: werilobiTi Cveneba, 

konstitucia, kontraqti, dRiuri, leqsikonis Sesavali, direqtiva 

(miTiTeba), kanoni, memorandumi, memuari, Sefasebis rubrika, wesi, saskolo 

davaleba, xelSekruleba. 4. Sereuli tipis teqstebi: avtobiografia, 

biografia, bizneswerili, Carti, samotivacio werili, diagrama, dialogi, 

eleqtronuli werili, esei, programa, igav-araki, zRapari, folkloruli 

nawarmoebi, hiperteqsti, ilustraciebi, sia, monologi, miTi, sagazeTo 

statia, piradi werili, piesa. 5. sxva saxis: grafiti, testi“ (Burke 2003:36). 

teqsti aigeba garkveuli struqturis mixedviT. masSi SesaZloa iyos 

moyvanili erTze meti argumenti da Semdeg aqcenti gakeTdes erTi 

romelime argumentis sasargeblod. aseTi tipis teqstebi ufro axdens 

zegavlenas mkiTxvelze, vidre teqstis is struqtura, romelic or 

arguments gvTavazobs, magram arc erTis mxardamWer pozicias ar 

aviTarebs. rasakvirvelia, damxmare detalebis Sinaarsi da xarisxic 

zegavlenas axdens studentis cnobierebaze. studentebisTvis informacia 

ufro metad damajerebelia, Tu is moicavs cxrilebs, diagramebs, 

konkretul magaliTebs. studentisTvis mniSvnelovania miwodebuli 

informaciis sandooba. internetidan, Jurnal-gazeTebidan mopovebuli 

informaciisagan gansxvavebiT, saxelmZRvanelodan miRebuli informacia 

mkiTxvelis mier aRiqmeba, rogorc TavisTavad sando. teqstis sandoobas 

ganapirobebs mowodebuli informaciis miukerZoebloba, obieqturoba da 

avtoris kompetenturoba. damajereblobasTan erTad, saswavlo teqstis 

xarisxs ganapirobebs, agreTve, misi aRqmadobis xarisxic. teqstis gagebis 

sirTule aferxebs enis swavlebas/swavlas. 

sxvadasxva tipis teqsts gansxvavebuli struqtura aqvs. Tu 

studentebi teqstis struqturis elementebs, anu teqstSi informaciis 

organizebis wess (mag., qronologiuri struqtura – Sesasrulebeli 

davalebebis sia; sivrculi struqtura – geografiuli adgilebis 

dasaxeleba; kriteriumebze agebuli struqtura - erTi problemis 

sxvadasxva aspeqtis aRwera; induqciuri struqtura – faqtebis aRwera da 

30

daskvnis gakeTeba; deduqciuri struqtura – kanonzomierebis warmoCena 

da misi damadasturebeli magaliTebis Cveneba; SepirispirebiTi 

struqtura – pozitiuri da negatiuri aspeqtebis, upiratesobebis da 

naklovanebebis aRwera; samnawiliani struqtura – faqti/problema, 

mizezi, problemis gadaWris gzis aRwera da sxva) xvdebian da gaiazreben, 

amiT garkveul informacias winaswar miiReben, rac wakiTxulis gagebaSi 

daexmarebaT. Tu studentebma ician, rom saTauri ZiriTadad mTavar azrs 

gamoxatavs, qvesaTaurebi ufro konkretul sakiTxebs exeba, grafikebi da 

diagramebi ki SedarebiT monacemebs asaxavs, maSin isini ufro 

damajereblad iwyeben teqstSi orientirebas. Tu teqstebze muSaobis 

sawyis etapze leqtori struqturul elementebze dayrdnobiT rac 

SeiZleba meti informaciis moZiebas iTxovs, maSin studentsac teqstis 

Sinaarsze SedarebiT sruli warmodgena eqmneba da SemdgomSi teqstis 

mTavar ideas ukeT acnobierebs. 

eqspozitoruli, angariSi/aRweriTi tipis teqstebSi ZiriTadad 

gvxvdeba sagnis an movlenis aRwera, klasifikacia. is moicavs Semdeg 

elementebs: 

1. termini _ cneba, romelic unda ganimartos; 

2. dajgufeba _ kategorizacia; 

3. maxasiaTeblebi _ mocemuli movlenis sxva movlenebisgan 

ganmasxvavebeli niSnebi. 

teqstis struqturis codna aucilebelia informaciis 

SejamebisTvis. rogorc wesi, nebismieri teqsti garkveul struqturas 

efuZneba. Sejamebis dros, rac ufro ukeT gvaqvs gacnobierebuli 

Sesajamebeli teqstis struqtura, miT ufro efeqturad gavaanalizebT 

mas. `magaliTisTvis, warmoidgineT, rom ganaTlebis Temaze gamocemul 

JurnalSi unda waikiTxoT statia klasSi disciplinis damyarebis 

efeqtur meTodebze. sanam statiis kiTxvas daviwyebT, ukve viciT, rom mas, 

savaraudod, garkveuli struqtura eqneba. albaT, daiwyeba SesavliT, 

romelSic axsnili iqneba, Tu ratomaa sasargeblo klasSi disciplinis 

damyarebis efeqturi meTodebi; Semdeg mohyveba garkveuli teqsti imis 

Sesaxeb, Tu ra gakeTda am mimarTulebiT warsulSi da romeli meTodebi 

miaCnia avtors yvelaze sasargeblod. statia, savaraudod, garkveuli 

31

Semajamebeli winadadebebiT dasruldeba. teqstis struqturis saTanado 

gaazreba studentebs exmareba strategiulad dagegmon Sejamebis procesi 

da Tavidanve gansazRvron, teqstis romel nawils miaqceven met 

yuradRebas. kvlevebi adasturebs, rom moswavleebi ufro kargad 

aanalizeben teqsts, roca gaazrebuli aqvT Sesajamebeli teqstis 

struqtura~ (marzano 2009:36). 

mxatvruli da aramxatvruli teqstebi gansxvavdeba TavianTi 

tipologiiT. mxatvruli teqsti iqmneba asociaciur-xatovani azrovnebis 

kanonebiT, aramxatvruli ki – logikuri azrovnebis kanonebiT. mxatvrul 

teqstSi cxovrebiseuli masala gardaiqmneba avtoris mier danaxul 

`mikrosamyarod~. amitom, mxatvrul teqstSi cxovrebiseuli suraTebis 

aRweris miRma yovelTvis moiazreba qveteqsti, interpretacia, `meoradi 

realoba~. a. arabulis mosazrebiT, `teqstis fenomeni, gansakuTrebiT, 

mxatvruli teqstisa, mdgomareobs masSi asaxuli azrebisa da ideebis 

amouwurav bunebaSi: teqstis yoveli wakiTxva afarToebs gagebis sferos. 

teqsti axdens misi ideebis sinTezs da mas axal, originalur idead 

aqcevs. mxatvrulisagan gansxvavebiT, aramxatvruli teqsti, rogorc wesi, 

erTganzomilebiani da erTgegmiania, masSi asaxuli realoba ki _ 

namdvili da obieqturi. mxatvruli nawarmoebi aris rTuli struqtura, 

romlis Semadgeneli nawilebi urTierTganpirobebulia. nawarmoebSi 

asaxulma movlenam SeiZleba imisagan gansxvavebuli saxe miiRos, rac 

nawarmoebis gareT, obieqtur realobaSi, aqvs. amitom nawarmoebi SeiZleba 

gavigoT orgvarad: 1. Eempiriulad, anu eqspliciturad – pirdapir 

naTqvamad; 2. metaforulad – cxovrebis kanonzomierebebis aRwera 

Sefaruli (nagulisxmevi) informaciis saxiT. mxatvruli teqsti, rogorc 

sityvis xelovneba, aireklavs cxovrebas Tavisi winaaRmdegobebiTa da 

sirTuleebiT, gamoirCeva ideaTa, msoflmxedvelobaTa da esTetikur 

gancdaTa mravalferovnebiT; literaturis swavlebis procesma xeli 

unda Seuwyos da erTgvari biZgi misces TiToeul pirovnebaSi arsebuli 

unikalur-individualuri da SemoqmedebiTi potencialis gamovlenas~ 

(arabuli 2004:50). 

gTavazobT mcire moculobis moTxrobis ZiriTad struqturul- 

kompoziciur niSnebs, romlebic sxvadasxva modifikaciiT gvxvdeba 

32

nawarmoebebSi: 1. moculoba; 2. moqmedebis uSualo Sekvra (situaciaSi 

swrafi Cabma); 3. moulodneli dasasruli (an kulminacia); 4. Sinaarsis 

simWidrove; 5. Cveulebrivi adamianis perspeqtividan danaxuli 

mniSvnelovani movlenis aRwera. teqstis agebis ZiriTad komponentebs 

miekuTvneba komunikaciis, drois perspeqtivis (moqmedebis kontiniumi, 

retrospeqtiva), TxrobiTi perspeqtivis, semantikuri donis (simbolika, 

izotopia da sxva) da stilisturi donis (lingvostilisturi movlenebi) 

komponentebi. 

studentze orientirebul saganmanaTleblo procesSi unda Seiqmnas 

iseTi saswavlo garemo, sadac students eqneba saSualeba, pirovnuli 

gamocdilebis safuZvelze gaiazros da Seafasos mxatvrul teqstebSi 

asaxuli problemebi. mxatvrul da aramxatvrul teqstebs adamianis 

pirovnul, emociur da inteleqtualur sferoebze zegavlenis moxdenis 

unari aqvT. aramxatvruli teqstebi komunikaciur-informaciuli saxisaa. 

maTSi xatovaneba araa mTavari mniSvnelobis mqone, aramed informaciis 

gadacemis (axsnis) saSualebaa. mxatvruli teqstebi _ komunikaciur- 

esTetikuri saxisaa. mxatvruli teqsti igeba metyvelebis xatovan- 

asociaciur bazisze da Sesabamisad, xatovaneba warmoadgens mxatvruli 

teqstis ZiriTad ganmsazRvrels. 

poezias, rogorc saswavlo resurss, aqvs mravali mizani. 

magaliTad, poeturi nawarmoebi SeiZleba iyos fiqrebis aRmZvreli, 

informaciis Semcveli, ambis gadmomcemi an gasarTobi. swavleba/swavlis 

mxriv, poeturi nawarmoebebi jgufdeba Temis, struqturis, formisa da 

enobrivi Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. Tematurad poeturi 

nawarmoebebi iyofa Sinaarsisa da sagnis mixedviT. struqturulad poezia 

mravalferovania. is Sesaloa iyos mkafio teqstobrivi struqturis mqone 

an vizualur-grafikul bazisze agebuli. magaliTad, postsimbolisturi 

krizisis periodSi warmoiSva grafikuli poezia. dadaistebi, akmeistebi, 

imaJinistebi da sxvebi Tu nebismier sityvaTSexamebasa da spontanurobas 

aniWebdnen mTavar mniSvnelobas, grafikosebma mTlianad uaryves teqstis, 

rogorc aseTis, daniSnuleba da aqcenti mTlianad formiseul 

koncefciaze gadaitanes. figurul leqss aseve uwodeben kaligrams. 

kaligrami (ori terminis – „kaligrafia~ da „ideograma~ – Serwyma) _ 

33

leqsi, romlis grafikuli wyoba furcelze qmnis naxatis formas. 

naxatis forma xSir SemTxvevaSi teqstis siuJetTan aris dakavSirebuli, 

magram zogjer misi sapirispirocaa. 

saswavlo teqstis specialuri organizaciis meSveobiT SesaZloa 

zegavlenis moxdena pirovnebis gonebaze, grZnobebze, emociebze, maTi 

zogadi da informaciuli kulturis formireba. T. dridze aRniSnavs, rom 

`teqstebis meSveobiT moswavle eziareba codnas, socialur faseulobebs, 

normebs da adamianebis mier praqtikuli Tu Teoriuli moRvaweobis 

Sedegad dagrovil sxvadasxva informacias, rac aucilebelia Tanaziari 

socialuri aqtivobisTvis. mniSvnelovania, gaxdeba Tu ara mocemuli 

codna pirovnebis mier Camoyalibebuli samyaros erTiani suraTis 

Semadgeneli nawili da ra adgils miuCens is calkeul teqstebs 

samyaros Sesaxeb misi codnisa da warmodgenebis sistemaSi~ (Дридзе 

1984:240). 

teqstTan mimarTebaSi sxvadasxva problemebis kvlevebidan 

gamovyofT i. germanis mosazrebas, romelic teqsts ganixilavs, rogorc 

àzris warmoSobis sinergetikul process, gansakuTrebiT, 

interpretaciis dros~ (Герман 1999:105). sinergetika aris mecniereba, 

romelic swavlobs nairgvari sistemebis (struqturebis) warmoqmnis, 

TviTSenarCunebis, TviTorganizaciis, mdgradobisa da daSlis procesebs, 

maTematikuri fizikisa da e.w. „formaluri teqnologiebis“ meTodebis 

gamoyenebis safuZvelze. sinergetikuli midgoma, aseve, gamoiyeneba iseTi 

rTuli da arastruqturirebuli sistemis Sesaswavlad, rogoricaa 

sainformacio sivrce. 

Carlz templi gvTavazobs disciplinarul gansxvavebebs sxvadasxva 

specialobebs Soris. kerZod, humanitaruli disciplinebis farglebSi 

moiazreba didi raodenobis teqstebis interpretacia; midrekilebaa, rom 

yvelaferi teqstad ganixilebodes. lingvistebis erTi nawili Tvlis, rom 

arsebobs teqstis mxolod erTi swori interpretacia (dogmatizmi), meore 

nawili ki fiqrobs, rom araviTari obieqturoba ar arsebobs, yvelaferi 

interpretaciis saqmea da yoveli calkeuli interpretacia iseve kargia, 

rogorc nebismieri sxva (relativizmi). sazogadoebrivi mecnierebani 

ikvleven sazogadoebriv problemebs. sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebSi 

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gamokveTilia tendencia, romlis mixedviT araferi ar eqvemdebareba 

interpretacias, rom yvelaferi obieqturad arsebobs. miuxedavad 

gansxvavebebisa, maT Soris aris disciplinaruli msgavseba. kerZod, 

`yvela disciplina svams da ikvlevs problemas; ayalibebs hipoTezas da 

eZebs mis damamtkicebel sabuTs, Seiswavlis sawinaaRmdego varaudis 

damamtkicebel monacemebs, msjelobs da dasabuTebidan daskvnamde midis~ 

(templi 2007:6). yvela zemoT moyvanili saqmianoba gulisxmobs teqstebTan 

muSaobas. 

lingvistur-meTodikuri azrovnebis ganviTarebam logikurad 

migviyvana saswavlo masalis struqturuli sqemebis, 

sityvaTSeTanxmebebisa da winadadebebis gamoyenebidan konteqstobrivi 

informaciis gamoyenebis aucileblobamde. migvaCnia, rom aseTi midgoma 

mizanSewonilia rogorc saswavlo resursis miwodebis TvalsazrisiT, 

agreTve swavlis Sedegebis Sefasebis drosac. studentebis codnis 

kontroli mizanSewonilia xorcieldebodes teqstebze orientirebuli 

davalebebis gamoyenebis saSualebiT. 

amrigad, saswavlo praqtikis, saswavlo gegmis moTxovnebis da 

mecnier-mkvlevarTa mosazrebiT, teqsti aRiarebulia saswavlo miznis 

ganxorcielebis ZiriTad resursad. 

$2. teqstis Seswavlis arsebuli viTareba ganaTlebis 

saSualo da umaRles safexurze 

1.2.1 teqstze muSaobis standartebi swavlebis saSualo 

safexurze 

teqstis Seswavlis mdgomareobis gasacnobad SevarCieT ganaTlebis 

ori safexuri – saSualo da umaRlesi. amgvari midgomis mizania gairkves 

_ codnisa da unaris ra doniT modis studenti umaRles saswavlebelSi; 

ramdenad Seesabameba mis mier miRweuli Sedegi standartebis moTxovnebs; 

ra donidan unda daiwyos muSaoba teqstebze umaRles skolaSi. 

ramdenadac umaRlesi skolis winapiroba ZiriTadad saSualo 

safexuria (umaRlesi profesiuli skola Cveni kvlevis procesSi axali 

35

Camoyalibebulia da jerjerobiT misi saswavlo gegma gamocdisa da 

damuSavebis procesSia), orientacia aviReT teqstebze muSaobasTan 

dakavSirebiT saSualo skolis saswavlo gegmebSi ganfenili moTxovnebis 

analizze. 

ukanasknel wlebSi, saskolo programisa da Sefasebis sistemaSi 

momxdari cvlilebis gamo, wignierebisadmi interesi ufros klasebSi 

gaizarda. moswavleTa saerTaSoriso Sefasebis programis (PISA) kvlevis 

procesSi, romelic ZiriTadad @„ekonomikuri TanamSromlobisa da 

ganviTarebis organizaciis~ wevr qveynebSi tardeboda, 15 wlis 

mozardebis wignierebis done mowmdeboda. Catarebulma kvlevebma gviCvena, 

rom `moswavleTa umravlesoba teqstis met-naklebad mniSvnelovani 

monakveTebis gansazRvrisas ucxo teqstSi sxvadasxvagvari informaciis 

moZiebisa da misi gaerTianebisas dabrkolebebs awydeboda. informaciis 

amokrefa teqstis saTauridan da struqturis elementebidan, ZiriTadi 

ideis povna, Sedarebebis gakeTeba, garkveuli masalis interpretireba, 

teqstis Sefaseba da efeqturi daskvnis gakeTeba bevrs gauWirda~ 

(makdonaldi 2004:28). 

saSualo skolaSi kiTxvisa da weris swavleba ZiriTadad 

mSobliuri da ucxouri enebiT Semoifargleba da literaturuli formis 

aTvisebamdea dayvanili, gacnobierebuli kiTxvis Sinaarsobrivi analizi 

da strategiebi yuradRebis miRma rCeba. amavdroulad, sxva 

disciplinebSi moswavleebs uwindeburad uxdebaT wignierebis unaris 

gamoyeneba specialuri teqstebis masalaze, romelTa Sinaarsi da 

struqtura, leqsikuri erTeulebi swavlebis procesSi ufro rTuldeba. 

saqarTvelos erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT, sagnobrivi 

mimarTulebebis standartSi mocemuli sakiTxebi, romlebic 

leqsikologia _ morfologia _ sintaqsis sakiTxebs moicavs, moswavles 

unda miewodebodes teqstTan mimarTebaSi, teqstidan gamomdinare. 

standarts axlavs programis Sinaarsi, romelze dayrdnobiTac masSi 

mocemuli Sedegebis miRwevaa SesaZlebeli. programis SinaarsSi 

gawerilia konkretuli sakiTxebi (masala) sagnobrivi mimarTulebis _ 

enis (informaciis gageba, analizi da Sefaseba), ritorikisa (socialuri 

36

interaqcia) da literaturis (mxatvruli teqstis gageba da 

TviTgamoxatva) mixedviT. 

ganvixiloT sxvadasxva sagnis saswavlo gegmebSi asaxuli teqstis 

swavleba/swavlasTan dakavSirebul moTxovnebi. 

2010-2011 wlebis qarTuli enisa da literaturis saswavlo gegmis 

mixedviT, swavlebis mizans warmoadgens saazrovno moqmedebaTa 

(analizi, Sedareba, ganzogadeba) ganviTareba enobriv (teqstobriv) 

monacemTa safuZvelze; funqciurad da Sinaarsobrivad mravalferovani 

teqstebis Seswavlisa da gaazrebis unaris Camoyalibeba; teqstebTan 

SemoqmedebiTi (Tavisufali) damokidebulebis gamomuSaveba; teqstis 

analizis unaris Camoyalibeba; teqstis agebis kanonzomierebis 

gaTvaliswinebiT teqstis Seqmna; sxvadasxva tipis, stilisa da Janris 

teqstebis analizisa da Seqmnis unaris gamomuSaveba (ixileT 

internetresursi #22). 

moswavlem unda gamoiyenos kiTxvis ZiriTadi strategiebi, raTa 

SeZlos teqstis SerCeva, masSi sasurveli informaciis damoukideblad 

moZieba, kritikuli kiTxva, gramatikuli, statikuri da konteqstobrivi 

monacemebis gamoyeneba teqstis Rrmad wvdomis mizniT, specialuri 

saZieblebisa da leqsikonebis gamoyeneba, teqstebis swrafi da 

diferencirebuli kiTxva, miRebuli informaciis damuSaveba, monacemTa 

analizi da daskvnebis gamotana. 

ucxouri enis SemswavlelTaTvis gansazRvruli kiTxvis 

kompetenciebi sam safexurad davyaviT: sawyisi, saSualo da maRali done. 

sawyisi done mocavs: anbanis yvela asos cnoba da swori 

warmoTqma; fonemuri unar–Cvevebis floba; martivi werilobiTi 

instruqciebis gageba; raodenobiTi da rigobiTi ricxvebis cnoba; xSirad 

gamoyenebadi sityvebis cnoba; diax/ara pasuxebiT teqstis Sesaxeb 

informaciis gagebis demonstrireba; sabaziso akademiuri leqsikonis 

codna; droisa da Tanmimdevrobis mimaniSnebeli sityvebis cnoba; 

sinonimebisa da antonimebis cnoba; martivi leqsikis ganzogadeba axal 

konteqstSi; TxrobiTi teqstis dasawyisisa da dasasrulis cnoba; 

sabaziso faqtobrivi da sainformacio xasiaTis SekiTxvebze (vin? ra? 

sad? rodis? rogor?) pasuxis gacema; inglisuri enis winadadebis 

37

struqturis cnoba; martivi teqstis dekodireba (gaSifrva); teqstis 

xmamaRali kiTxvis dros TviTkoreqtireba; mTavari sityvebis gamoyenebiT 

gamartivebuli teqstidan informaciis miReba; zmnis droebis cnoba; 

martivi TxrobiTi da aRweriTi teqstebis gagebis demonstrireba; ambis 

gadmocema martivi sityvebis, frazebis da winadadebebis gamoyenebiT. 

saswavlo amocanis gadasawyvetad gamoiyeneba rogorc 

literaturuli, aseve araliteraturuli/informaciuli teqstebi. 

SedarebisTvis, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis ganaTlebis sistemis 

analizis mixedviT, teqstebze orientirebuli swavleba/swavlis procesi 

moicavs: bgerebisa da asoebis dakavSirebas; martivi teqstebis kiTxvasa 

da gagebas; kiTxvis martivi strategiebis flobas; sabavSvo 

literaturis kiTxvasa da gagebas; teqstis nawilebis dakavSirebas 

erTmaneTTan da daskvnebis gakeTebas; martivi literaturuli terminebis 

flobas. saswavlo teqstis saxeebia: ilustrirebuli wigni, novelebi 

(moTxrobebi), miTebi da legendebi, poezia _ balada, simReris teqstebi, 

erTmoqmedebiani piesebi, leqsebi. 

kiTxvis kompetenciis saSualo donis moTxovnebia: teqstSi zmnis 

aqtiuri da pasiuri gvaris garCeva; akademiuri leqsikis (sityvebis) 

mzardi codnis demonstrireba; leqsikonTan muSaobis strategiis 

gamoyeneba sityvebis mniSvnelobis amocnobis mizniT; konteqstze 

dayrdnobiT sainformacio teqstis gageba; martiv, mokle teqstebSi 

mTavari ideisa da ZiriTadi literaturuli elementebis amocnoba; 

mxatvruli da aramxatvruli teqstebis elementebis cnoba; mTavari da 

damxmare elementebis gamijvna martiv teqstSi; teqstSi gadmocemuli 

azris gageba; TxrobiTi da aRweriTi teqstis gagebis demonstrireba; 

teqstSi mocemuli kulturuli variaciebis maxasiaTeblebis garCeva 

(mag., dialeqtebis); Tavisufali kiTxvis demonstrireba; werilobiTi 

teqstis daskvnebis gakeTeba; kiTxvis sxvadasxva strategiis gamoyeneba; 

poeziis elementebis gagebis demonstrireba; rTuli winadadebis 

struqturis cnoba; literaturuli elementebis cnoba (mag., siuJeti, 

Tema); wakiTxuli vrceli mxatvruli teqstebis mimarT sakuTari azris 

gamoxatvis unars; sxvadasxva wyarodan miRebuli informaciis gagebas, 

interpretacias da Sedarebas; wakiTxuli teqstis mokle Sinaarsis 

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gadmocemas. saswavlo teqstis tipebia: saTavgadasavlo romani, miTebi da 

legendebi, baladebi, simReris teqstebi; erTmoqmedebiani piesebi, 

teqstis monakveTi; gacnobis procedureb, madlobis gadaxda, gasaubreba 

nacnobTan, jgufuri diskusia; eleqtronuli diskusia, piradi 

mimowera/eleqtronuli werilebi, proeqtis dagegmva, gancxadebebis gageba. 

kiTxvis kompetenciis maRali done moicavs: teqstis analizi, 

daskvnebis gakeTeba, literaturuli nawarmoebebis xatovani enis Sefaseba, 

literaturuli naSromis interpretacia, Sesaferisi kiTxviTi 

strategiebis gamoyeneba; kvlevis mizniT sacnobaro masalis gamoyeneba 

(mag., enciklopedia, interneti); sxvadasxva literaturuli Janris 

nawarmoebis daxasiaTeba; literaturuli nawarmoebis kritikuli analizi. 

kiTxvis kompetencia moicavs sxvadasxva Janris vrceli moculobis 

teqstebSi saTanado informaciis moZiebas; teqstis kritikul kiTxvas. 

saswavlo teqstis tipebia: Tanamedrove an klasikuri romani, 

Tanamedrove an klasikuri novela (moTxroba), literaturuli Txroba, 

eleqtronuli teqstebi; poezia – simReris teqsti, soneti, piesa, 

monologi, araliteraturuli saxis teqstebi moicavs Tanamedrove, 

yoveldRiuri gamoyenebis teqstebs, sadac gamoyenebulia araxatovani 

leqsika – saqmiswarmoeba, xelSekrulebebi. 

mniSvnelovania, rom saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis 

saministros mier SemuSavebuli saswavlo gegma zogadsaganmanaTleblo 

skolebisTvis teqstis gagebis standartebTan erTad gvTavazobs 

indikatorebs, anu debulebas im codnisa da unar-Cvevebis demonstrirebis 

Sesaxeb, romelic Camoyalibebulia Sesabamis SedegSi. indikatoris 

ZiriTadi daniSnulebaa gamoavlinos, miRweulia Tu ara Sedegi. misi 

saSualebiT SesaZlebelia SevafasoT/gavzomoT davalebis Sesrulebis 

xarisxi dadgenili kriteriumebis an moTxovnebis safuZvelze, 

davadginoT moswavlis Zlieri da susti mxareebi. erovnuli saswavlo 

gegmis sagnobriv standartebSi mocemuli indikatorebi TvalsaCinos 

xdis, ramdenad da rogor SeiZleba romelime konkretuli saswavlo 

Sedegis miRweva (berZeniSvili...2007:36). indikatori orientirebulia unar- 

Cvevebze. 

39

erovnuli saswavlo gegma klasis sagnobrivi programis farglebSi 

gansazRvravs wlis bolos misaRwev Sedegebs mimarTulebebis mixedviT. 

magaliTad, Sedegi _ ucx.XII.12. (ucxouri ena, meTormete klasi, Sedegi # 

12) _ moswavle igebs SemecnebiTi xasiaTis teqsts sxvadasxva Temaze 

(istoriis, kulturis, sabunebismetyvelo sferoebidan) (internetresursi 

#18). Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu moswavle: amoicnobs mTavar Temas/sakiTxebs; 

amoicnobs faqtobriv informacias; akavSirebs teqstSi mocemul 

informacias sakuTar gamocdilebasTan da amis safuZvelze gamoaqvs 

daskvna; amoicnobs teqstis sxvadasxva nawilebs Soris arsebul logikur 

kavSirebs (mizez-Sedegobrivi, pirobiTi da sxva) da teqstidan 

gamomdinare, gamoaqvs daskvna; ajgufebs informacias konkretuli 

maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT (msgavseba-gansxvaveba; mzardi-klebadi xarisxi 

da sxva); gamoaqvs daskvna mTliani teqstis gaazrebis safuZvelze; mijnavs 

erTmaneTisgan varauds da faqts; ganasxvavebs faqtebs 

damokidebulebebisagan, Sefasebisagan. 

Sedegi _ ucx.XII.13. _ moswavle igebs TxrobiT teqsts (moTxroba, 

cxovrebiseuli istoria, mogoneba, dRiuri). Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu 

moswavle amoicnobs mTxrobels, personaJebs, ambis msvlelobis mTavar 

etapebs (dasawyisi, ambis ganviTareba, dasasruli), movlenaTa 

Tanamimdevrobas, faqtobriv informacias (sad? ratom? ra mizniT? da 

sxva), personaJebis ganwyobilebebs, grZnobebs, damaxasiaTebel Tvisebebs, 

personaJTa qcevis motivs; gamoaqvs daskvna personaJebs Soris arsebuli 

urTierTobebis Sesaxeb; axasiaTebs personaJebs teqstis gaazrebaze 

dayrdnobiT (internetresursi # 18). 

Sedegi _ ucx.XII.14. _ moswavle igebs biografias. Sedegi miRweulia, 

Tu moswavle amoicnobs pirovnebas, droisa da sivrcis orientirebs 

(TariRi, dabadebis adgili, epoqa), moRvaweobis sferos, raSic gaiTqva 

saxeli (istoria, xelovneba, politika, sporti da sxva); pirovnul 

Tvisebebs, pirovnebis karieris etapebs. 

ucxouri enis swavleba/swavlis mimarTuleba _ kiTxva _ 

iTvaliswinebs strategiebis gamoyenebas, magaliTad, Sedegi _ ucx.XII.15. _ 

moswavle gansazRvravs kiTxvis mizans da Sesabamisad, iyenebs kiTxvis 

sxvadasxva saxeobas (gacnobiTi, SeswavliTi, ZiebiTi): 

40

a. moswavle ecnoba teqsts (gacnobiTi kiTxva). Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, 

Tu moswavle: gamoTqvams varauds teqstis Sinaarsis Sesaxeb sxvadasxva 

elementis moSveliebiT (saTauri, qvesaTauri, ilustracia, abzacebis 

dasawyisi, erT-erTi abzaci, gamoyofili sityvebi); erTxel kiTxulobs 

teqsts; yuradRebas ar amaxvilebs ucnob sityvebze da eyrdnoba nacnob 

sityvebs zogadi Sinaarsis gasagebad. 

b. moswavle guldasmiT kiTxulobs teqsts (SeswavliTi kiTxva). 

Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu moswavle: pirvel etapze ecnoba teqsts 

(gacnobiTi kiTxva); Semdgom etapze gamowvlilviT kiTxulobs teqsts: 1. 

cdilobs ucnobi sityvebis, gamoTqmebis amocnobas nacnob verbalur 

(konteqsti, ucxouri enidan Semosuli sityvebi, sityvis nacnobi fuZe, 

afiqsebi) da araverbalur (teqstis agebuleba, ilustraciebi, 

sxvadasxvagvari Srifti, brWyalebi) elementebze dayrdnobiT; 2. ucnob 

sityvebs, gamoTqmebs eZebs misTvis misawvdom resursebSi 

(saxelmZRvanelo, leqsikoni, kompetenturi piri); saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi 

xelmeored kiTxulobs teqsts an mis calkeul nawils. 

g. moswavle teqstSi poulobs konkretul informacias 

(ZiebiTi/seleqciuri kiTxva). Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu moswavle Tvalis 

gadavlebiT amokrefs konkretul informacias. 

Sedegi _ ucx.XII.23. moswavle amoicnobs ucxoenovan informacias 

kulturis sferodan. Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu moswavle: akvirdeba da 

amoicnobs ilustraciebSi/teqstebSi asaxul kulturul, simbolur, 

sayofacxovrebo realiebs) (gegma ucx 2011:107). 

sazRvargareTis saSualo skolebis kvlevis analizma cxadyo, rom 

teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciebis swavleba/swavla ganaTlebis 

erT-erTi prioritetia. magaliTad, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis 

CrdiloeT karolinas ganaTlebis erovnuli sabWos mier 1978 wels 

miRebuli moTxovna iTvaliswinebs, rom saSualo skolis atestatis 

misaRebad moswavleebma gaiaron kompetenciebis testireba, romelic 

gulisxmobs literaturuli, informaciuli, SemecnebiTi saxis teqstebis 

wakiTxvasa da gagebas (Test .. 2008). 

testi Seicavs 10 teqstur monakveTs _ oTxi mxatvruli teqsti 

(monakveTebi novelebidan, romanebidan, dramebidan, eseebidan, poeziidan); 

41

oTxi SemecnebiT teqsti (xelovneba, medicina, maTematika, socialuri 

mecnierebebi) da ori sainformacio/instruqciuli saxis teqsti 

(magaliTad, rogor SevasruloT davaleba). TiToeul monakveTs axlavs 3- 

8 kiTxva. wakiTxulis gageba da gaazreba, agreTve SekiTxvebze pasuxebis 

gacema moiTxovs kiTxviTi strategiebis codnas. 

mniSvnelovania ara mxolod moswavlis mier kiTxvis kompetenciis 

floba, aramed maswavleblis mier am kompetenciis swori Sefasebis 

strategiis SemuSaveba. 

Cveni kvlevis miznisaTvis misaRebi aRmoCnda saqarTvelos erovnuli 

saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centris mier ganxorcielebuli 

kvlevebi „Sedegis Sefaseba mSobliur enasa da literaturaSi~ (2007). 

ganvixilavT kvlevis zogierT masalas: 

kvlevis erT-erTi mizani moswavleTa unar-Cvevebis arsebuli 

mdgomareobis erovnuli saswavlo gegmis moTxovnasTan Sesabamisobis 

dadgena iyo. kiTxvis unar-Cvevebis Sesafaseblad SeirCa 2 tipis teqsti: 

sainformacio da mxatvruli (mcire moculobis moTxroba). momzadda 

teqstis ori varianti, anu moculobis, leqsikis sirTulis, Tematikis 

TvalsazrisiT ori erTgvarovani mxatvruli da sainformacio teqsti 

(mxatvruli: r. inaniSvilis `Citebis gamomzamTrebeli~, g. doCanaSvilis 

`mTis gadaRma~, ori sainformacio teqsti mdinaris Sesaxeb). moculobiTi 

da leqsikuri sirTulis identurobis miRwevis mizniT teqstebi Semcirda 

da adaptirebul iqna (Sedegi... 2007:189). 

testirebis xangrZlivoba: 2 akademiuri saaTi. 

kvlevis meTodi: mSobliuri enisa da literaturis eqspertTa mier 

specialurad SemuSavda testis ori varianti Ria da daxuruli 

kiTxvebiT. testis aprobacia Catarda 99 moswavleze. 

kvlevis obieqti: testireba Catarda saqarTveloSi (Tbilisi, 

quTaisi, baTumi, rusTavi, gori). testirebaSi monawileoba miiRo 820-ma 

moswavlem. 

kvlevis Sedegebi: ganxorcielda kvlevis monacemTa fsiqometruli 

da SemdgomSi Tvisebrivi analizi. erovnuli saswavlo gegmis (esg) 

calkeuli Sedegis an indikatoris mixedviT Sedgenili teqstobrivi 

kiTxvebi daiyo oTx jgufad: 

42

Sedegebi/indikatori I: teqstidan konkretuli informaciis moZieba da 

amocnoba. 

Sedegebi/indikatori II: mxatvruli teqstis kiTxvisas mniSvnelobis 

amocnoba gansxvavebul konteqstSi. 

Sedegebi/indikatori III: mxatvrul teqstSi warmosaxuli suraTebis 

moZieba. 

Sedegebi/indikatori IV: mxatvrul teqstSi umizno winadadebebis 

moZieba. 

indikatori I _ moswavles SeuZlia moiZios da amoicnos 

konkretuli informacia teqstidan, rac gulisxmobs: 1. mxatvruli 

nawarmoebis calkeuli detalis Sinaarsobrivi informaciis moZiebas da 

amocnobas; mxatvruli enis, mxatvruli xerxebis meSveobiT (sxvadasxva 

enobrivi saSualeba, tropuli metyveleba) gadmocemuli informaciis 

moZiebas da amocnobas; 2. sityvis mniSvnelobis gagebas konteqstSi; 3. im 

mxatvruli informaciis moZiebas da amocnobas, romelic sasveni niSnebis 

funqciaTa codnasa da xmarebis kanonzomierebebTan aris dakavSirebuli; 

4. sxvadasxva tipis teqstisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli enobriv-stilisturi 

elementebis amocnobas. 5. SerCeul teqstSi iyo uSemasmenlo nominaluri 

winadadebebiT agebuli mxatvruli aRweris ramdenime gamokveTili 

suraTi. erT-erTi kiTxva swored am winadadebis moZiebas Seexeboda. 

indikatori I _ teqstidan konkretuli informaciis moZieba da 

amocnoba _ daZlia testirebaSi monawile moswavleTa 75-100 %. am 

moswavleebma SedarebiT ukeT ician punqtuaciis elementarul niSanTa 

xmarebis kanonzomierebani da ukeT amoicnoben teqstSi maT funqcias 

(29%), SedarebiT iolad arTmeven Tavs sityvis mniSvnelobis gagebas 

konteqstSi (17%). ufro problemuria arareაluri, warmosaxviTi 

suraTebis amocnoba teqstidan (15%). dauZleveli aRmoჩnda კonkretul 

teqstSi gamoyenebuli aRweris asagebad mniSvnelovani sintaqsuri 

konstruqciis amocnoba (mag. uzmno winadadebis); aseve ver amoicnes is 

enobrivi saSualebebi, romelTa meSveobiT personaJis gancdebi, fiqrebi 

da a. S. gadmoicema teqstSi. miRwevis TiTqmis yvela doneze moswavleebs 

uWirT mxatvruli teqstis gaazrebasa da analizTan dakavSirebuli 

operaciebi: sxvadasxva enobrivi saSualebebiT, tropuli, saxeobrivi 

43

metyvelebiT gadmocemuli mxatvruli informaciis amocnoba, Sesabamisad, 

gaanalizeba; uWirT ama Tu im metyvelebis tipisTvis damaxasiaTebeli 

konstruqciebis amocnoba, maTi modelirebisa da funqcionirebis 

kanonzomierebaTa SemCneva. teqstis problemuri analizis, Sefasebis, 

gamocdilebasTan misi dakavSirebis magier isini cdiloben, teqstSi 

zedapirze mocemuli informacia gaanalizon, Seafason. 

sainformacio teqstis farglebSi moswavleebi SedarebiT iolad 

axerxeben teqstis zedapirze eqspliciturad mocemuli informaciis 

amocnobas (37%), magram ufro problemuria teqstidan 

urTierTdakavSirebuli informaciis amocnoba (13%). sakvlev 

(sainformacio) teqstSi zedapirze mocemuli TvalsaCino informaciis 

moZiebis garda, sxva operaciebi (sainformacio teqstis struqtura, 

teqstSi urTierTkavSirebis danaxva, mizani da auditoria da a.S.) met- 

naklebad problemuria. cxadia, es marto qarTulis swavlebis problema 

ar aris. moswavles nebismieri sxva sagnis gageba gauWirdeba, roca 

sainformacio, msjelobiTi teqstebis analizi da modulireba uWirs. 

indikatori II _ moswavles SeuZlia mTliani Sinaarsis gageba 

(ZiriTadi Tema, mTavari personaJi, saTauri, mizani, auditoria) _ daZlia 

moswavleTa 50-75%. mxatvrul teqstSi kiTxvebi Seexeboda: dRevandel 

saskolo praqtikaSi mxatvrul teqstebze muSaobis erT-erT Tu ara, 

yvelaze metad gavrcelebul formas, kerZod, nawarmoebis mTavari Temis, 

nawarmoebis mTavari personaJis amocnobas (dasabuTebuli pasuxiT). am 

indikatoris farglebSi moswavleebi SedarebiT iolad arTmeven Tavs 

teqstis mTliani Sinaarsis gagebas (35%), magram mxolod 8% axerxebs 

dasabuTebuli pasuxis gacemas. SedarebiT dabalia monacemi nawarmoebis 

mTavari Temis amocnobasTan dakavSirebul kiTxvaSi (22%). 

sainformacio teqstis kiTxvebi gulisxmobda: 1.sainformacio 

teqstis miznisa da auditoriis amocnobas; 2.sainformacio teqstis 

mTavari Temis gagebas; 3. sainformacio teqstis mTlianobiTi Sinaაrsis 

gagebas (mTavari Temis dayofa qveTavebad). am indikatoris farglebSi 

moswavleebi SedarebiT ukeT arTmeven Tavs sainformacio teqstis 

mTavari Temis amocnobas (29%), ufro dabali monacemi gviCvena SekiTxvam, 

romelic sainformacio teqstis dayofas exeboda Sinaarsobriv nawilebad 

44

(18%); rac Seexeba SekiTxvas sainformacio teqstis miznisa da 

aუditoriiis Sesaxeb, orives amocnobas mxolod 4% axerxebs, erT-erTs 

amoicnobs 16%. 

indikatori III _ teqstis analizi _ daZlia moswavleTa 25-50%. 

mxatvrul teqstebze kiTxvebi Seexeboda teqstSi dasmuli problemuri 

sakiTxis analizs; teqstSi dasmuli problemuri sakiTxis analogiis 

povnas da gaazrebas sxva tipis teqstSi (moTxroba_andaza); mxatvruli 

elementebiT Seqmnili, problemuri sakiTxisTvis gansakuTrebiT 

mniSvnelovani fragmentis analizs. am indikatoris farglebSi 

moswavleebi mxatvruli teqstis analizs yvelaze ukeT sZleven 

analogiis meSveobiT (47%). gacilebiT rTulia teqstSi dasmuli 

problemuri sakiTxis analizi mTliani teqstis gaazrebis safuZvelze 

(17%). yvelaze dabali monacemi gviCvena mxatvruli elementebiT Seqmnili 

mniSvnelovani fragmentis analizis Sesaxeb kiTxvam (4%). 

sainformacio teqstis kiTxvebi gulisxmobda: 1. problemis analizs 

mTliani teqstis safuZvelze; 2. sainformacio teqstis struqturuli 

mxaris gaazrebas (abzacis funqcia, Semajamebeli abzacis gaazreba). am 

indikatoris farglebSi moswavleebi SedarebiT iolad arTmeven Tavs 

problemis analizs (24%), magram Zalian uWirT sainformacio teqstis 

struqturuli mxaris gaazreba, kerZod, Semajamebeli abzacis funqciis 

gansazRvras mxolod 6% axerxebs. 

indikatori IV _ moswavles SeuZlia teqstis Sefaseba (sakuTari 

azris gamoxatva da misi argumentireba) _ daZlia 5_25%. mxatvrul 

teqstSi kiTxvebi exeboda: teqstSi dasmuli problemuri sakiTxis 

interpretacias sxvadasxva kuTxiT; mTavari problemis gaazrebas 

konkretuli literaturuli konteqstidan gamomdinare gamocdilebis, 

zneobriv-eTikuri poziciebis mixedviT; personaJis daxasiaTebas. am 

indikatoris farglebSi moswavleebi ukeT arTmeven Tavs mTavarი 

problemis gaazrebas cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebis, zneobriv-eTikuri 

poziciis mixedviT (34%), uWirT teqstSi dasmuli problemuri sakiTxis 

interpretacia sxvadasxva kuTxiT (10%). moswavleTa 11% axerxebs 

personaJis daxasiaTebas teqstSi mocemuli informaciis mixedviT. 

45

dauZlevelia am doneze mTavari personaJis mxatvruli saxis siRrmiseuli 

gaazreba. 

sainformacio teqstis kiTxvebi gulisxmobda: 1. teqstis Sefasebas, 

mocemuli informaciis dakavSirebas sakuTar gamocdilebasTan; 2. teqstSi 

dasmuli problemis Sefasebas sxva saswavlo sagnebSi miRebul codnaze 

dayrdnobiT; 3. teqstTan sakuTari damokidebulebis argumentireba. am 

indikatoris farglebSi moswavleebi ukeT arTmeven Tavs teqstidan 

sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatvas, dasabuTebas (32%). teqstis 

Sefasebas/teqstSi mocemuli informaciis dakavSirebas sakuTar 

gamocdilebasTan axerxebs moswavleTa 24%. gansakuTrebiT gauWirdaT 

moswavleebs am doneze teqstSi dasmuli problemis Sefaseba sxva 

saswavlo sagnebSi miRebul codnaze dayrdnobiT (3%). 

1.2.2 teqstze muSaobis standartebi swavlebis umaRles 

safexurze 

teqstebze orientirebuli ganaTlebis kvlevasa da gansxvavebul 

midgomaTa ganxilvas mieZRvna 2010 wlis seqtemberSi norvegiis qalaq 

bergenSi gamarTuli seminari, romelic daefuZna iohan henrix 

pestalocis (1746-1827) pedagogiur ideebs. `pestalocis Sexedulebebis 

Tanaxmad, kargi maswavlebeli unda daexmaros Tavis moswavleebs _ 

ganaviTaron sakuTari potenciali da xeli Seuwyon maTTvis efeqturi 

saswavlo garemos formirebas~ (Biber 1831:82). seminaris farglebSi 

ganxilul iqna informaciuli wignierebis danergvis sakiTxebi sami 

perspeqtivis gaTvaliswinebiT: a) evropuli perspeqtiva; b) norvegiis 

xedva da g) lokaluri, bergenis olqis perspeqtiva. seminarze aRiniSna 

teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciebis Camoyalibebis mniSvneloba da 

aucilebloba ocdameerTe saukunis pirovnebis formirebis procesSi. 

studentma unda SeZlos teqstis gageba, xarisxiani teqstobrivi 

produqtis Seqmna, damoukideblad swavla. gamovlinda is unar-Cvevebi, 

romlebic viTardeba teqstebze orientirebuli swavlebis dros: 

damoukidebeli swavlis unari: mTeli cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi 

swavlis pirobebSi mediaresursebis gamoyeneba informaciis 

46

moZiebisTvis; arsebul kiTxvebze pasuxis damoukidebeli moZieba; 

alternatiuli perspeqtivis da Sefasebebis ganxilva; 

TanamSromlobis unari, romelic viTardeba jgufuri davalebis 

Sesrulebis pirobebSi; 

sakuTari azris logikurad Camoyalibebisa da sxvisi ideebisadmi 

pativiscemis unari; 

kvlevis, proeqtis, eseis Sesrulebis farglebSi dagegmvis unari; 

informaciis gadarCevis da Sefasebis unari: studentebs unda 

hqondeT ganviTarebuli kritikuli da SefasebiTi azrovnebis unari; 

organizebis da Caweris unari: Kstudents unda SeeZlos teqstis 

moniSvna, informaciis Senaxva da Semdgomi gamoyenebisTvis gamzadeba; 

komunikaciisa da sinTezis unari: sxvadasxva wyarodan mopovebuli 

informaciis gaerTianeba; daskvnebis gamotana; mniSvnelobis dadgena; 

wina codnasTan dakavSireba; 

Sefasebis unari: teqstis susti da Zlieri mxareebis Sefasebis unari. 

2008-2011 wlebSi internetresursebis moZiebisa da daxarisxebis 

meTodiT Catarebulma kvlevam daadastura, rom teqstebi miCneulia 

saswavlo amocanis gadasawyvet resursad saqarTvelos umaRlesi skolis 

saganmanaTleblo programebSi, romlis mizansa da amocanas warmoadgens: 

„Sesaswavli sakiTxis marTebulad dasma, masze msjeloba da 

mosazrebebis Camoyalibeba, codnaze damyarebuli daskvnebis 

gamotana~ (internetresursi #7); 

„teqstebis redaqtireba, referireba, komentireba, anotireba~; 

„samecniero, meToduri literaturis mSobliur da ucxour enaze 

gamoyenebis unari; specializebuli teqstebis Targmnis unari~ 

(internetresursi #8). „dargobrivi samecniero da saswavlo teqstis 

analizi da interpretacia komunikaciuri lingvistikis uaxlesi 

Teoriebis konteqstSi; inglisurenovani mxatvruli teqstis 

Sinaarsobrivi, struqturuli, komunikaciur-pragmatikuli, 

stilisturi analizi da interpretacia”; „damoukideblad 

Catarebuli kvlevis safuZvelze mecnieruli teqstis producireba 

da prezentacia~; „dargobrivi teqstebis inglisuridan qarTulad 

47

da piriqiT Targmani programiT gaTvaliswinebul sferoebSi~ 

(internetresursi #9); 

„nebismieri formatisa da sirTulis werilobiTi da zepiri teqstis 

adekvaturi aRqma da reproduqcia, teqstSi sxvadasxva tipis 

informaciis identificireba, analizisa da sinTezis unari, raSic 

igulisxmeba informaciis sxvadasxva wyarodan moZiebisa da 

ganzogadebis unari~ (internetresursi #4); 

„Tavisi specialobisa da programiT gaTvaliswinebuli momijnave 

disciplinebis farglebSi kritikuli azrovnebisa da 

interpretirebis unari~; „movlenebis kritikuli xedva da 

gaanalizeba, sinqronuli da diaqronuli aRwerisa da analizis 

TvalsazrisiT” (internetresursi #6); 

teqstebis miznobrivi gamoyeneba, magaliTad, „yuradReba 

gamaxvildes teqstebze muSaobasa da referirebaze, upiratesoba 

mieniWos analitikur midgomas; teqstis analizi uSualo kavSirSi 

unda iyos kulturis istoriis, filosofiis, xelovnebisa da 

sociologiis dReisTvis aqtualur problematikasTan”. 


saswavlo procesSi teqstebis gamoyenebis mdgomareobis dasadgenad 

CavatareT kvleva. 

kvlevis mizani: 

1. teqstebis Sesaxeb moswavleTa da studentTa cnobadobis 

TviTSefaseba; 

2. teqstebis Sesaxeb moswavleTa da studentTa cnobadobis 

realuri donis dadgena. 

meTodi: sociologiuri kvleva, raodenobrivi kvleva, interviu 

(werilobiTi, zepiri), dakvirveba, testireba. 

kvlevis meTodologia: fokusjgufebis Seqmna, interviuebis da 

testirebis Catareba erTnair garemoSi.F 

fokusjgufebis mier warmodgenili masalebi damuSavda cal-calke. 

meore etapze moxda monacemebis erTmaneTTan Sejereba. 

samizne jgufi I: baTumis sajaro skolebis meTerTmete da 

meTormeteklaselebi. sul 60 moswavle 

48

samizne jgufi II: umaRlesi saswavleblebis mesame da 

meoTxekurselebi (2008-2009, 2009-2010 saswavlo wlebi). sul 60 studenti. 

instruqcia: pirveli da meore samizne jgufis monawileebs 

daurigdaT dabeWdili kiTxvari, romelzec maT individualurad unda 

gaecaT pasuxebi. daxuruli tipis kiTxvari gulismobda mocemuli 

kiTxvebisTvis `diax/ara~ pasuxis arCevas. gamokiTxva anonimurobis dacviT 

Catarda. 

kiTxvari: 

SegiZliaT Tu ara daasaxeloT teqstebis tipebi da saxeebi? 

diax/ara 

icnobT Tu ara, romeli xatovani, gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebi 

arsebobs? diax/ara. 

gaqvT Tu ara teqstSi sxvadasxva gamomsaxvelobiTi, stilisturi 

xerxis povnis gamocdileba? diax/ara. 

gaqvT Tu ara teqstSi arsebuli sxvadasxva gamomsaxvelobiTi, 

stilisturi xerxis avtoris CanafiqrTan dakavSirebis 

gamocdileba? diax/ara. 

gaqvT Tu ara abzacSi konceptualuri, anu abzacis mTavari azris 

gamomxatveli winadadebis povnis gamocdileba? diax/ara. 

gaqvT Tu ara teqstSi ucnobi sityvis (sityvebis) konteqstis 

daxmarebiT gagebis gamocdileba? diax/ara. 

msjelobT Tu ara teqstSi aRwerili movlenebis Sesaxeb? diax/ara. 

ukavSirebT Tu ara teqstSi asaxul movlenebs Tqvens pirad 

gamocdilebas an TqvenTvis cnobil informacias? diax/ara. 

icnobT Tu ara teqstis kiTxvis strategiebs? diax/ara. 

cxrili # 1 

SegiZliaT Tu ara daasaxeloT teqstis tipebi da saxeebi? (moswavleebis 

da studentebis raodenoba) 

saSualo skola umaRlesi skola 

diax 48 56 

ara 10 1 

Tavi Seikava pasuxisagan 2 3 

49

grafiki # 1 

SegiZliaT Tu ara daasaxeloT teqstis tipebi? (moswavleebis da 

studentebis monacemebi – procentebSi) 

cxrili #2 

icnobT Tu ara, romeli xatovani gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebi 

(stilisturi xerxebi) arsebobs? (moswavleebis da studentebis 

raodenoba) 


diax 42 57 

ara 18 3 


grafiki #2 

icnobT Tu ara, romeli xatovani gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebi 

arsebobs? (moswavleebis da studentebis monacemebi – procentebSi) 

50

cxrili #3 


xerxebis povnis gamocdileba? (moswavleebis da studentebis raodenoba) 


diax 72 54 

ara 18 6 


grafiki #3 


xerxebis povnis gamocdileba? (moswavleebis da studentebis 

monacemebi -procentebSi) 

cxrili #4: 


stilisturi xerxebis avtoris CanafiqrTan dakavSirebis gamocdileba? 

(moswavleebis da studentebis raodenoba) 


diax 42 54 

ara 18 6 


51

grafiki #4 


stilisturi xerxebis avtoris CanafiqrTan dakavSirebis gamocdileba? 

(moswavleebis da studentebis monacemebi –procentebSi ) 

cxrili #5 


gamomxatveli winadadebis povnis gamocdileba? (moswavleebis da 

studentebis raodenoba) 


diax 36 45 

ara 24 15 


grafiki #5 


gamomxatveli winadadebis povnis gamocdileba? (moswavleebis da 

studentebis monacemebi _ procentebSi) 

52

cxrili #6 

gaqvT Tu ara teqstSi mocemuli ucnobi sityvis (sityvebis) konteqstis 

daxmarebiT gagebis gamocdileba? ((moswavleebis da studentebis raodenoba) 


diax 36 47 

ara 24 13 


grafiki #6 

gaqvT Tu ara teqstSi mocemuli ucnobi sityvis (sityvebis) konteqstSi 

gagebis gamocdileba? (moswavleebis da studentebis monacemebi _ 

procentebSi) 

cxrili #7 

msjelobT Tu ara teqstSi aRwerili movlenebis Sesaxeb? 

(moswavleebis da studentebis raodenoba) 


diax 42 54 

ara 18 6 


53

grafiki #7 

msjelobT Tu ara teqstSi aRwerili movlenebis Sesaxeb? (moswavleebis 

da studentebis monacemebi -procentebSi) 

cxrili #8 


gamocdilebas an TqvenTvis cnobil informacias? (moswavleebis da 

studentebis raodenoba) 


diax 42 54 

ara 18 6 


grafiki #8 


gamocdilebas an TqvenTvis cnobil informacias? (moswavleebis da 


54

cxrili #9: 

icnobT Tu ara teqstis kiTxvis strategiebs? (moswavleebis da studentebis 

raodenoba) 


diax 41 55 

ara 19 5 


grafiki #9 

icnobT Tu ara teqstis kiTxvis strategiebs? (moswavleebis da 


gamokiTxuli moswavleebis 80% Tvlis, rom SeuZlia daasaxelos 

teqstebis tipebi da saxeebi. respondentebis 70% Tvlis, rom icnobs 

xatovan stilistur xerxebs da aqvs teqstSi stilisturi xerxebis povnis 

da maTi avtoris CanafiqrTan dakavSirebis gamocdileba. 

gamokiTxulTa naxevarze mets (60%) miaCnia, rom aqvs abzacis 

konceptualuri, anu mTavari azris gamomxatveli winadadebis povnis 

gamocdileba da SeuZlia teqstSi mocemuli ucnobi sityvebis konteqstis 

daxmarebiT gageba; 70% msjelobs teqstSi aRwerili movlenebis Sesaxeb; 

ukavSirebs teqstSi asaxul movlenebs pirad gamocdilebas; 68% icnobs 

kiTxvis strategiebs. 

55

gamokiTxuli studentebis umravlesoba (95%) Tvlis, rom icnobs 

xatovan gamomsaxvelobiT saSualebebs; 90%-s aqvs teqstSi sxvadasxva 

gamomsaxvelobiTi, stilisturi xerxebis povnis gamocdileba. 92% icnobs 

teqstis kiTxvis strategiebs. 93% Tvlis, rom SeuZlia daasaxelos 

teqstis tipebi da saxeebi; 90%-s aqvs teqstSi arsebuli sxvadasxva 

gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebis avtoris CanafiqrTan dakavSirebis 

gamocdileba; msjelobs teqstSi aRwerili movlenebis Sesaxeb; 

ukavSirebs teqstSi asaxul movlenebs pirad gamocdilebas; 75%-s aqvs 

abzacis konceptualuri, anu mTavari azris gamomxatveli winadadebis 

povnis gamocdileba. 

amrigad, Catarebuli sociologiuri kvlevis Sedegebis analiziT 

dadginda, rom saSualo skolaSi gamokiTxuli respondentebis 

umravlesoba (daaxloebiT 70%) dadebiT, xolo mcire nawili 

(daaxloebiT 30%) uaryofiT pasuxs afiqsirebs dasmuli SekiTxvebis 

umetes nawilze. (ixileT grafiki # 10). 

saSualo skolaSi Catarebuli gamokiTxvis Sedegi 

grafiki #10 

umaRles skolaSi gamokiTxuli respondentebis daaxloebiT 89% 

dadebiT, xolo 10% uaryofiT pasuxs afiqsirebs dasmuli SekiTxvebis 

umetes nawilze. (ixileT grafiki #11). 

56

grafiki #11 

umaRles skolaSi Catarebuli gamokiTxvis Sedegi 

zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinareobs, rom moswavleTa da studentTa 

teqstebis Sesaxeb cnobadobis donis TviTSefaseba maRalia. amasTanave, 

studentebis TviTSefaseba 19%-iT maRalia moswavleTa TviTSefasebaze. 

imisTvis, rom dagvedgina ramdenad adekvaturia TviTSefasebis 

maCvenebeli, kvlevis momdevno etapze ganvaxorcieleT moswavleTa da 

studentTa teqstebis Sesaxeb cnobadobis realuri donis gansazRvra 

testirebis meSveobiT. testSi monawileobda pirveli da meore samizne 

jgufi. SevadgineT testis ori varianti. TiToeuli testi moicavda 

daxuruli tipis Teoriuli da praqtikuli saxis 30 kiTxvas teqstebis 

saxeebisa da tipebis, stilisturi xerxebis, ucnobi sityvis konteqstis 

daxmarebiT gagebis, paragrafis mTavari ideis amocnobis Sesaxeb (ixileT 

danarTi #1). testireba mimdinareobda 2 akademiuri saaTis ganmavlobaSi 

testirebaSi monawile verc erTma moswavlem an studentma ver 

SeZlo testSi dasmul yvela SekiTxvaze swori pasuxis gacema. testis 

SekiTxvebze gacemuli pasuxebis mixedviT movaxdineT studentTa 

ranJireba maRali, saSualo da dabali donis mixedviT. 

testis SekiTxvebze gacemuli pasuxebis mixedviT, movaxdineT 

studentTa ranJireba maRali, saSualo da dabali donis mixedviT. 

saSualo skolaSi testirebaSi monawileTa mxolod 15 moswavles (25%-s) 

57

hqonda maRali Sedegi, anu maT SeZles 30 SekiTxvidan 20-30 SekiTxvaze 

swori pasuxis gacema; moswavleebis 13%-s (8 moswavle) hqonda saSualo 

maCvenebeli, anu maT SeZles 10-20 swori pasuxis gacema; 10 SekiTxvaze 

naklebs gasca pasuxi 37 moswavlem (62%). (ixileT grafiki #12) 

testirebis Sedegi – moswavleTa pasuxebis ranJirebuli monacemebi 

grafiki №12 

umaRles skolaSi maRali maCvenebeli hqonda 33 students (55%). 

saSualo Sedegi hqonda 6 students (10%). 10-ze nakleb SekiTxvas gasca 

sworad pasuxi 21-ma studentma (35%). 

grafiki №13 

testirebis Sedegi – studentebis pasuxebis ranJirebuli monacemebi 

58

grafiki №14 

testirebis Sedegi – moswavleebis da studentebis pasuxebis ranJirebuli 

monacemebi 

testirebis pasuxebis analizis Sedegad gamovlinda, rom teqstebis 

Sesaxeb cnobadobis realuri done moswavleebSi 25-38%-s, xolo 

studentebSi 55-65%-s aRwevs (ixileT grafiki #15). 

TviTSefasebis da testirebis Sedegebis Sedareba 

grafiki №15 

59

amrigad, arsebobs 32%-iani cdomileba moswavleTa da 19%-iani 

cdomileba studentebis teqstebis Sesaxeb cnobadobis TviTSefasebasa da 

realur dones Soris. 

kvlevis Sedegad miRebuli Sedegebi gavacaniT kvlevis procesSi 

monawile samizne jgufebs. wamoiWra rigi problemebi swavlebis 

xarisxTan dakavSirebiT. davinteresdiT maswavleblis saqmianobiTac da 

CavatareT kvleva. 

mizani: maswavleblis optimizmis, bednierebis donis Sefaseba 

swavleba/swavlis Sedegebis miRwevasTan mimarTebiT. 

kvlevis samizne jgufi: saSualo skolis ucxouri enis 15 

maswavlebeli; umaRlesi saswavleblis 15 maswavlebeli. 

kvlevis Catarebis dro: 2009 wlis maisi. 

kvlevis procedura: kvlevis TiToeul monawiles internetiT 

gaegzavna Txovna kvlevaSi monawileobis Sesaxeb. Tanxmobis miRebis 

Semdeg SevTavazeT kvlevis mizanTan dakavSirebuli pedagogiuri eseis 

dawera. kvlevis Sedegebi gavacaniT monawileebs. 

kvlevis Sedegebis analizi cxadyofs, rom kvlevis samizne jgufi 

kmayofili ar aris miRweuli SedegebiT da eZebs ukeTesi muSaobis gzebs 

rogoria Tqveni optimizmis xarisxi? maRali/saSualo/dabali 

cxrili #10 

optimizmis 

saSualo skolis umaRlesi skolis 

(bednierebis) xarisxi 

maswavleblebi maswavleblebi 

maRali 46 % 65 % 

saSualo 35 % 30 % 

dabali 19 % 5 % 

kvlevis Sedegad gamovlinda, rom swavleba/swavlis procesSi 

moswavleTa da studentTa teqstebis Sesaxeb cnobadobis xarisxis 

TviTSefasebis done maRalia, isini Tvlian, rom kargad erkvevian 

teqstebis tipebsa da saxeebSi, aqvT stilisturi xerxebis amocnobis 

unari, agreTve floben kiTxvis strategiebs da a. S., magram moswavleTa 

da studentTa teqstebis Sesaxeb cnobadobis realuri done dabalia, rac 

60

imaze miuTiTebs, rom misaRwevi kompetenciis done araa saTanadod 

gaTviTcnobierebuli. 

skolis doneze moswavleebi ar floben sxvadasxva saxisa da 

tipebis teqstebTan muSaobis strategiebs, teqstis saxeebi da tipebi 

gaTviTcnobierebuli ar aqvT. umaRles saswavlebelSi studentebi iReben 

davalebas _ damoukidebeli muSaobisaTvis gankuTvnili kreditebi 

aiTvison Teoriul, mecnierul da publicistur teqstebze muSaobiT, 

magram amisTvis saTanado unar-Cvevebi ara aqvT gamomuSavebuli da 

Sesabamis teqstobriv kompetenciebs ver floben. 

61

Tavi II 

teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciebi da maTi miRwevis 

saSualebebi 

$1. teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciebi 

erTiani evropuli sivrcis Seqmnis procesSi kompetenciebi gaxda 

ganaTlebis miRweuli Sedegebisa da dasaqmebisaTvis mzaobis xarisxis 

ZiriTadi maCvenebeli. 

kompetenciis arsis kvlevas miuZRvnes naSromebi d. haimsma (Hymes 

1979), m. kanalem (Canale 1980) da sxvebma. kompetenciis swavlebis problemas 

exeba m. biramis (Byram 1997), anJela mihaliCis (Mihalic 2008) kvlevebi 

(internetresursebi # 27, 28). 

xulia gonzalesi aRniSnavs, rom `kompetenciebi codnis, 

gacnobierebis, unarebisa da SesaZleblobebis dinamiuri kombinaciaa. 

kompetenciebis gamomuSaveba saganmanaTleblo programis mizania. 

kompetenciebi yalibdeba sxvadasxva kursis/erTeulis/modulis mier da 

fasdeba sxvadasxva etapze~ (gonzalesi 2008:10). a. gonzis mixedviT, 

„kompetencia codnis, midgomebisa da Rirebulebebis kompleqsuri 

kombinaciaa, rac specifikur situaciebSi usafrTxo da gonivruli 

moqmedebis saSualebas iZleva“ (Gonzi 1994:84). 

kompetenciis/kompetenturobis problemis analizis Sedegad gamoiyo 

ramdenime etapi. meoce saukunis 60-70-ian wlebSi samecniero sivrceSi 

pirvelad gamoCnda kompetencia/kompetenturobis kategoria. am periodSi 

enis Seswavlis TeoriaSi iwyeba sxvadasxva saxis enobrivi kompetenciebis 

kvleva. 1970-90-iani wlebidan saTave daedo kompetenciis cnebis 

gamoyenebas ucxouri enebis swavleba/swavlasTan mimarTebaSi. iwyeba ara 

mxolod kompetenciebis kvleva, aramed swavlebis procesis dagegmva 

kompetenciebis formirebis gziT. Sesabamisad, daiwyo sxvadasxva 

saqmianobisaTvis aucilebeli kompetenciebis SemuSaveba. 1990 wels 

evropis sabWom gansazRvra strategiuli, socialuri, sociolingvisturi, 

enobrivi da saswavlo kompetenciebi rogorc ucxouri enis flobis 

kompetenciebi. 1990 wels iuneskom warmoadgina ganaTlebis sasurveli 

Sedegis kompetenciebi, xolo Jak delorma Camoayaliba 21-e saukunis 

62

ganaTlebis oTxi sveti, romelsac emyareba ganaTleba.: 1. swavlis swavla; 

2. qmedebis swavla; 3. erTad cxovrebis swavla; 4. cxovrebis swavla. 

`cneba `kompetencia~ ufro axlosaa velTan _ „vici rogor“, vidre 

velTan _ „vici ra“ (Huthmacher 1997:4). zogadi kompetenciebi warmoadgens 

codnis, unar–Cvevebis da damokidebulebebisagan Semdgar mravalfunqciur 

pakets, romelic aucilebelia pirovnuli miRwevebisa da 

ganviTarebisaTvis, socialuri CarTulobisa da dasaqmebisaTvis. es 

kompetenciebi viTardeba savaldebulo saskolo ganaTlebis an wvrTnis 

miRebis Sedegad da, rogorc mTeli sicocxlis manZilze swavlis nawili, 

iqceva Semdgomi ganaTlebis fundamentad. 

kompetencia gadacemadia da SesaZloa moergos bevr situaciasa da 

konteqsts. is, agreTve, aris mravalfunqciuri da gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva 

miznis misaRwevad, sxvadasxva problemis gadasawyvetad da mravali 

amocanis Sesasruleblad. zogadi kompetenciebi aucilebeli winapirobaa 

Sesabamisi miRwevebisaTvis cxovrebaSi, samsaxursa da Semdgom 

ganaTlebaSi. 

lingvisturi kompetencia gulisxmobs enis sistemis ucxoenovani 

komunikaciis procesSi funqcionirebis wesebis codnas. is moicavs 

gansazRvruli gramatikuli wesebis meSveobiT swori winadadebis agebis 

unars. komunikaciuri kompetencia aris kontaqtis damyarebis, sakuTari 

azris Camoyalibebis unari, komunikaciuri amocanebis gadasawyvetad 

mzaoba, sxvadasxva socialur situaciaSi adekvaturi moqmedeba, ucxour 

enaze werilobiTi da zepiri mimarTvis floba. komunikaciuri 

kompetenciis mixedviT, students unda Camouyalibdes ucxoenovani 

metyvelebis aRqmisa da producirebis unari sxvadasxva sferosa da 

situaciebSi. komunikaciuri kompetencia gulisxmobs sametyvelo 

urTierTobis strategiebis flobas da Seswavlili masalis safuZvelze 

warmatebul komunikaciur moqmedebas. misi zogadi komponentebia: 1. 

lingvisturi (leqsika, gramatika, fonetika, orTografia); 2. diskursuli 

(zepiri da werilobiTi teqstebis Sedgena); 3. pragmatuli (komunikaciuri 

miznis warmatebuli miRweva); 4. strategiuli (komunikaciis dros 

siZneleebis daZleva); 5. sociokulturuli (socio-kulturul normebTan 

Sesabamisoba). 

63

m. kanales mixedviT (Canale 1980), komunikaciuri kompetencia 

warmoadgens sami kompetenciis naerTs. Eesenia: 1. gramatikuli kompetencia 

(leqsikis, morfologiis, sintaqsis, gramatikis wesebis codna); 2. 

sociolingvisturi kompetencia; 3. strategiuli kompetencia (verbaluri 

da araverbaluri sakomunikacio strategiebis gamoyeneba). mogvianebiT, l. 

beqmenma (1990) komunikacuri kompetencia dayo or jgufad: 1. 

organizaciuli (gramatika da diskursul/teqstobrivi kompetenciebi); 2. 

pragmatika (sociolingvisturi da idiomaturi kompetenciebi). 

komunikaciuri kompetenciis yvela komponenti SeiZleba iyos 

testirebiT Semowmebuli da obieqturad Sefasebuli. komunikaciuri 

kompetenciisagan gansxvavebiT, komunikaciuri kompetenturoba 

ganisazRvreba, rogorc integrirebuli piradi resursi, romelic 

uzrunvelyofs komunikaciuri moqmedebis warmatebulobas. es resursi 

moicavs ara mxolod im komponentebs, romlis gansazRvra SesaZlebelia 

enobrivi testirebis meSveobiT, aramed iseT Semadgenel elementebsac, 

romelTa testirebiT gansazRvra SeuZlebelia. isini moicaven pirovnebis 

inteleqts, zogad msoflmxedvelobas, sxva adamianebTan urTierTobebis 

unars da agreTve, pirovnebis ganviTarebis potencials. 

n. bolotnova Tvlis, rom `teqstobrivi kompetencia aris: 1. 

komunikaciuri kompetenciis saxe, romlis safuZvelze SesaZlebelia 

avtorisa da adresatis urTierToba; 2. pirovnebis komunikaciuri 

kulturis umniSvnelovanesi maCvenebeli, romelic gulisxmobs teqstis 

bazaze efeqturi urTierTobis unaris flobas; 3. teqstis Sesaxeb codna, 

rac saSualebas aZlevs enis mcodnes ganaxorcielos teqstobrivi 

saqmianoba, anu Seqmnas teqstebi, adekvaturad aRiqvas isini da moaxdinos 

maTi interpretacia. teqstobrivi kompetenciis aRmoceneba ganpirobebulia 

Tanamedrove humanitaruli codnis teqstocentrizmiT da komunikaciis 

problemisadmi mzardi interesiT~ (Болотнова 2007:49). 

umaRles skolaSi pedagogebis profesiuli daxelovnebis 

farglebSi mniSvnelovania teqstobrivi kompetenciis formirebis 

procesis fsiqologiur–pedagogiuri aspeqtis gamovlena. sagnis 

aTvisebis farglebSi SesaZlebelia iseT saswavlo amocanaTa gadaWra, 

rogoricaa: meTodologiuri azrovnebis formireba, verbaluri 

64

maxsovrobis, axali masalis efeqturi aTvisebisa da damaxsovrebis 

meqanizmebis ganviTareba da profesiuli komunikaciuri unarebis SeZena. 

i.v. salosinam isini moaTavsa „teqstobrivi kompetenciis“ konteqstSi. 

„teqstobrivi kompetencia“ moicavs kompleqsur codnas teqstis, rogorc 

komunikaciis formis, Sesaxeb“ da warmoadgens „pirovnebis mier 

teqstobrivi aqtivobis ganxorcielebis codnis da unar–Cvevebis 

kompleqts“ (Салосина 2007:69). teqstobrivi kompetencia aris pirovnebis 

teqstobrivi aqtivobisTvis mzaobis ganmsazRvreli unar-Cvevebis 

erToblioba. n. s. bolotnova gamoyofs teqstobrivi kompetenciis sam 

saxes: 1. „teqstis Sedgena“, 2. `teqstis aRqma“, 3. `teqstis interpretacia“ 

(Болотнова 2001:9). i. v. salosinam maT daumata me-4 _ `teqstis 

reproducireba~ da me-5 _ `teqstis gageba~. sabolood, SemuSavda 

teqstobrivi kompetenciis xuTkomponentiani struqtura. 

teqstobrivi kompetenciis modeli i.v.salosinas mixedviT 

Gsqema #1 

am sqemis Semadgeneli nawilebi dakavSirebulia teqstobrivi 

aqtivobis saxeebTan. kerZod, 1. teqstis Sedgenis kompetencia da teqstis 

dawerიs aqtivoba; 2. aRqmisa da gagebis kompetenciebi da teqstis mosmenis 

aqtivoba; 3. teqstis interpretaciis, reproducirebis kompetenciebi da 

teqstis warmoTqma. 

65

teqstobrivi kompetenciis formireba warmoadgens integrirebul 

process, romelic moicavs filologiur, fsiqologiur, da pedagogiur 

Semadgenel nawilebs. swavlebis prognozirebadi Sedegi – teqstobrivi 

kompetenciis maRali done _ kompleqsuri struqturaa, romelic efuZneba 

mTeli rigi „filologiuri“ kompetenciebis erTobliobas. 

teqstobrivi, komunikaciuri da enobrivi kompetenciebi 

ტექსტობრივი 

კომპეტენცია 

კომუნიკაციური 


ენობრივი 


sqema #2 

#2 sqemis 1-li veli gamoxatavs teqstobrivi da komunikaciuri 

kompetenciebis erTobliv Nnawils, rasac ganapirobebs teqstis 

komunikaciuri da pragmatuli arsi. teqstis formisa da Sinaarsis arCeva 

pirdapiraa damokidebuli komunikaciis sferosa da monawileebze. 

komunikaciuri kompetencia (sametyvelo urTierTobis procesSi 

enobrivi saSualebebis gamoyenebis unari) emyareba enis sferoSi arsebul 

codnas, unar–Cvevebs, mzaobas (diagramis me-2 veli). gamarTuli 

metyveleba aris warmatebuli urTierTobis erT-erTi ganmsazRvreli. 

enobrivi kompetencia (enis wesebis codna da maTi praqtikaSi 

gamoyenebis unari) qmnis yvela saxis teqstobrivi aqtivobis 

ganxorcielebis winapirobas (diagramis me-3 veli). Sesabamisad, diagramis 

samive segmentis Serwyma qmnis metyvelebis kulturis vels _ situaciis 

66

Sesaferisi enobrivi SesaZleblobebis gamoyenebis unaris sferos 

(diagramis me-4 veli). 

zemoT CamoTvlili kompetenciebi uzrunvelyofen enobrivi 

pirovnebis doneebis modelis funqcionirebas, romlis mixedviT, enobrivi 

pirovneba warmoadgens „enobrivi nawarmoebebis (teqstebis) Sedgenisa da 

aRqmis unarebis erTobliobas“ (Караулов 1987:245). enobrivi pirovnebis 

verbalur–semantikur doneze xorcieldeba sityvebis aRqmisa da gagebis 

procesi da maTi urTierTdakavSireba konteqstSi. misi efeqturoba 

pirdapiraa damokidebuli pirovnebis mier enis flobis doneze (enobrivi 

kompetencia). lingvokognituri done gamoxatavs „enobrivi erTobis 

socialur da sociolingvistur maxasiaTeblebs“ (diagramis me-3 veli). is 

yalibdeba komunikaciur kompetenciebTan erTobliobaSi. pragmatuli 

done moicavs mdgrad komunikaciur moTxovnebs da komunikaciur mzaobas 

(komunikaciuri kompetencia), marTavs teqstis Seqmnis, aRqmisa da gagebis 

meqanizmebs (teqstobrivi kompetencia). 

enobrivi pirovnebis formirebis process aqvs uwyveti xasiaTi da 

ganixileba pirovnebis kulturuli ganviTarebis konteqstSi, romelic 

warmoadgens misi enobrivi kulturis donis gamomxatvel faqtors. es 

ganapirobebs umaRles saswavlebelSi pedagogebis profesiuli enobrivi 

momzadebis mniSvnelobas, gansazRvravs momavali pedagogebis ZiriTad 

sametyvelo faseulobaTa baziss, aviTarebs lingvistur alRos, 

ayalibebs pedagogiuri urTierTobis stils. disciplinis Seswavlis 

farglebSi, specialobiT momaval arafilologebs aswavlian saswavlo 

teqstebis erTian aRqmas da aRqmisaTvis aucilebeli optimaluri 

didaqtikuri masalis Sedgenas. swavlis procesSi interpretaciuli 

aqtivobis dros (analizi, sinTezi, deduqciuri da induqciuri msjelobis 

struqturireba, analogiebis mixedviT dasabuTeba) xdeba studentebis 

meTodologiuri kompetenciebis formireba. miRebuli unar-Cvevebi 

maswavleblebisTvis warmoadgenen sabaziso kompetencias gakveTilisTvis 

teqstebis Sesadgenad da saavtoro meTodologiuri koncefciebis 

Camosayalibeblad. 

i. salosinam teqstobrivi kompetenciebis ganzogadebis, 

detalizaciis, fsiqologiur–pedagogiuri pirobebis gamovlenis da maTi 

67

efeqturi formirebis mizniT, fsiqologiuri, filosofiuri da 

lingvisturi gamokvlevebis bazaze gansazRvra aRqmis, gagebisa da 

interpretaciis kompetenciebis ZiriTadi struqturuli maxasiaTeblebi. 

cneba „aRqmis kompetencia“ dakavSirebulia aRqmis fsiqologiur 

gagebasTan. „rogorc sagnebis an movlenebis erTiani individualuri 

saxeebis Seqmnis procesi, aRqma aris SemecnebiTi aqtivobis sawyisi etapi 

da dakavSirebulia maxsovrobis, yuradRebis, azrovnebis meqanizmebTan“ 

(Юрчук 1988:88). aRqma aris teqstis damaxsovrebis bazisi. aRqmis 

filosofiuri gageba gansazRvrulia subieqtisa da gare samyaros 

kavSiriT samyaros aRqmisa da Semecnebis kategoriebSi (Словарь 

философский 2004:121). àRqma Sedgeba mravali SegrZnebisagan. aRqmis 

ganmsazRvreli maxasiaTeblebia: sagnobrioba, erToblioba (yoveli sagnis 

aRqma, rogorc erTi mTlianis), konstantoba (SedarebiTi mudmivoba, 

sagnis aRqma garkveul farglebSi konstanturi, e.i ucvleli saxiT), 

kategoriuloba (im sagnis gulisxmoba, romlis TvalsaCino asaxvasac 

iZleva igi), danawevrianeba da ganzogadeba“ (uznaZe 1940:135). 

teqstis aRqmis problemebi aris ganxiluli i. a. zimnaias (Зимняя 

1961), t. m. dridzes (Дридзе 1976), a. a. leontievis (Леонтьев 1979), g. s. 

suxobskis (1981), a. a. brudnis (Брудный 2006) SromebSi. l. v. Sirinkinam 

Seqmna teqstis fsiqologiuri aRqmis modeli, romlis struqtura moicavs 

kognitur, konotaciur da afeqtur komponentebs (Ширинкина..2002:8). 

kognitur doneze ganisazRvreba teqstis sagnobrivi sfero da funqciuri 

stili. konotaciuri done qmnis teqstis Semdgomi gamoyenebis 

perspeqtivas, afeqturi sfero ki moicavs recipientis mier teqstis 

emociur Sefasebas. 

produqtiuli B teqstis bazisi aris misi erToba da kavSiri, rac 

uzrunvelyofs mis Sinaarsobriv mTlianobas da dasrulebulobas. 

teqstis aRqmis kompetenciis formireba xdeba sxvadasxva tipis 

kompoziciuri teqstobrivi struqturebis da sityvaTSeTanxmebebis, 

winadadebebis, teqstis erT mTlianobad dakavSirebis saSualebebis 

codniT da agreTve, teqstis sakvanZo momentebis gagebiT (analizi), 

teqstis Sinaarsis verbalur-logikuri sqemebis modelirebiT (sinTezi). 

am kompetenciis umaRlesi done ganapirobebs teqstis iseTi meoradi 

68

aqtivobisTvis mzaobas, rogricaa teqstis mosmeniT aRqma da teqstis 

kiTxva. 

gamoyofen aRqmis kompetenciis formirebisTvis aucilebel or 

aspeqts: 1. saTanado pirobebis Seqmna saswavlo teqstebis adekvaturi 

aRqmisTvis; 2. kompleqsuri codnis SeZena inglisuri enis funqciur 

stilistikaSi, romelic moicavs sxvadasxva Janrisa da stilis teqstebis 

identifikaciasa da konstruirebas. 

teqstis gagebis safuZvelze yalibdeba interpretaciisTvis mzaoba. 

codna da unari, romelic moiazreba am mzaobaSi, ganisazRvreba, rogorc 

interpretaciuli kompetencia. interpretacia aris „teqstis 

inteleqtualuri gardasaxva~ (Ширинкина..2002:32). interpretaciuli 

damuSavebis produqtia axali teqsti, romlis struqturaSi Sedis 

gansxvavebul formaSi moqceuli wina teqstis ramdenime komponenti. 

interpretaciis unars udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs pedagogisTvis, radgan 

swavlebis originaluri meTodebis umravlesoba warmoiqmneba ukve 

arsebuli didaqtikuri Teoriebis safuZvelze. Ees kompetencia, upirveles 

yovlisa, uzrunvelyofs momavali pedagogis profesiul mzaobas. 

interpretaciuli kompetencia teqstebis SedgenisTvis 

(SemoqmedebiTi kompetencia) aucilebeli unarebis ganviTarebis 

winapirobaa. teqstebis Sedgenis kompetencia warmoadgens teqstobrivi 

kompetenciis umaRles dones da pedagogis profesiuli daxelovnebis 

safuZvels. gza teqstis aRqmidan teqstis interpretaciamde rTuli 

procesia, romelic fsiqo-fiziologiuri, pirovnuli, enobrivi 

faqtorebiTaa ganpirobebuli. gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs am 

kompetenciasTan dakavSirebuli codnis, unar–Cvevebis miRebas umaRles 

saswavlebelSi, radganac swored es kompetencia gansazRvravs momavali 

specialistis pirovnuli da profesiuli ganviTarebis perspeqtivebs. 

gamokvlevis Sedegad (Салосина 2007, Болотнова 2007 daDAsxvebi), 

dazustda teqstobrivi kompetenciis xuTkomponentiani modeli da 

gamovlinda teqstobrivi kompetenciis roli momavali pedagogebis 

enobrivi pirovnebis ganviTarebaSi. ganisazRvra urTierTkavSiri mis 

struqturaSi Semaval aRqmis, gagebis da interpretaciis kompetenciebs 

Soris. gamovlinda am kompetenciebis Camoyalibebis fsiqologiur– 

69

pedagogiuri pirobebi. ganisazRvra umaRles saswavleblebSi ucxouri 

enis swavlebis procesis dagegmvis dros profesiuli aqtivobisaTvis 

saWiro unarebis aTviseba, swavleba/swavlisTvis mdgradi samotivacio 

safuZvlis Seqmna (axlo perspeqtivisa) da profesiuli moRvaweoba, 

profesiuli pedagogiuri kompetenciebis kompleqsis Camoyalibeba 

(Soreuli perspeqtiva). 

teqstis swavleba/swavlaze orientirebuli kompetenciis erT-erTi 

Semadgenelia teqstis Sedgena, anu azris gramatikulad sworad agebis, 

dafiqsirebis da gamoxatvis unari sxvadasxva (lingvisturi, socialuri, 

azrobrivi) formiT. teqstis Seqmnis kompetencia, anu enis kompoziciur 

doneze organizebis unari, moicavs iseT Semadgenel nawilebs, 

rogorebicaa kohezia (winadadebebis Serwyma logikuri TanmimdevrobiT) 

da ritorika (damarwmunebeli saubris xelovneba). 

evropis saganmanaTleblo struqturebis urTierTSewyobis proeqt 

`Tuningis“ mixedviT, kompetenciebi iyofa: 1. instrumentul; 

2.interpersonalur; 3. sistemur kompetenciebad. 

instrumentuli kompetenciebi moicavs SemecnebiT unarebs _ 

ideebisa da azrebis gacnobierebisa da manipulirebis SesaZleblobas. 

meTodologiuri SesaZleblobebi garemoTi manipulirebisTvis moicavs 

swavlis strategiisa da drois organizebas, gadawyvetilebis miRebisa 

da problemis gadaWris unars; teqnologiur unarebs _ rac gulisxmobs 

teqnologiuri mowyobilobebis gamoyenebas, kompiuterze muSaobas da 

informaciis gamoyenebis unars; lingvistur unarebs – zepir da 

werilobiT komunikacias; meore enis codnas. 

interpersonaluri kompetenciebi moicavs individualur unarebs – 

grZnobebis gamoxatva, kritikuli da TviTkritikuli SesaZleblobebi; 

socialur unarebs – interpersonaluri urTierTobebi, jgufuri muSaoba, 

socialuri da eTikuri pasuxismgeblobis gamoxatva, sxva sferos 

eqspertebTan komunikacia. 

sistemuri kompetenciebi moicavs mTlian sistemasTan dakavSirebul 

unarebsa da SesaZleblobebs – gacnobierebis, SegrZnebebisa da codnis 

kombinacias. 

70

umaRlesi ganaTlebis kvalifikaciaTa CarCos mixedviT umaRles saswavlo 

dawesebulebebSi sxvadasxva doneze misaRwev kompetenciebs warmoadgens: 

1. dargobrivi, specifikuri kompetenciebi: 

1.1. dargobrivi codna da gacnobiereba; 

1.2. dargobrivi codnis praqtikaSi gamoyenebis unarebi/praqtikuli unarebi. 

2. zogadi kompetenciebi: 

2.1. analizisa da sinTezis unari; 

2.2. problemis gadaWra; 

2.3. dagegmvisa da organizebis unari; 

2.4. sakomunikacio unarebi; 

2.5. sainformacio komunikaciebis gamoyenebis unari; 

2.6. jgufSi muSaobis unari; 

2.7. swavlis unari; 

2.8. kvlevis unari; 

2.9. damoukideblad muSaobis unari; 

2.10. proeqtebis SemuSavebisa da marTvis unari. 

ZiriTadad veyrdnobiT enebis erTiani evropuli CarCos 

rekomendaciebs (2010), „Tuningis~ (saganmanaTleblo struqturebis 

urTierTSewyoba evropaSi) proeqtis Sedegebs (2008), kvalifikaciaTa 

evropul CarCos, saqarTvelos umaRlesi ganaTlebis kvalifikaciaTa 

CarCos rekomendaciebs, gavecaniT kompetenciebis dauflebis 

gamocdilebas evropul universitetebSi (helsinkis universiteti (rober 

vagenaari), deustos universiteti (xulia gonzalesi 2008)), gavaanalizeT 

sxvadasxva miznobrivi treningis, konferenciebis masalebi, SeviswavleT 

sabazro moTxovnebi, dasaqmebis sfero da SevimuSaveT teqstebze 

orientirebuli swavlisa da swavlebis komponentebi. CamonaTvali 

gavacaniT specialurad organizebuli seminaris monawileebs, saSualo 

da umaRlesi skolis maswavleblebs, studentebs. miRebuli SeniSvnebis, 

winadadebebis, rCevebis gaTvaliswinebiT, ganvsazRvreT teqstebze 

orientirebuli zogadi da dargobrivi kompetenciebi. 

SeviswavleT saqarTvelos umaRles saswavlebelSi bakalavriatis 

safexurze teqstebze muSaobisas studentisTvis aucilebeli unar-Cvevebi. 

analizis Sedegi Semdeg suraTs iZleva. students moeTxoveba: 

71

– Teoriuli codna sxvadasxva donis stilisturi xerxebisa da 

eqspresiuli saSualebebis Sesaxeb; 

– mxatvruli teqstis originaluri analizi; 

– stilisturi movlenebis aRqma-gaanalizeba teqstTan da diskursTan 

mimarTebaSi (internetresursi #10); 

– nebismieri formatisa da sirTulis werilobiTi da zepiri teqstis 

adekvaturi aRqma da reproduqcia; 

– teqstSi sxvadasxva tipis informaciis identificireba; 

– informaciis azrobrivi kompresireba da originalis 

komunikaciurad TanabarRirebulebiani meoradi versiis Seqmna 


– inglisur enaze sxvadasxva tipis teqstis gagebis, Targmnis, morfo- 

semanatikuri analizis, interpretaciisa da reproduqciis unari; 

– inglisur enaze teqstebis mosmenis, gagebis, analizisa da 

reproduqciis unari; 

– inglisuri literaturis Rrma codna, paralelebis gavlebis unari 

evropul da inglisur literaturas Soris; 

– mxatvruli teqstis mimarT SemoqmedebiTi midgoma analizisa da 

interpretaciis safuZvelze, rac mwerlis msoflaRqmas, mis 

esTetikur Sexedulebas da individualur stils gansazRvravs; 

– azris lakonurad da gasagebad gadmocemis unari; 

– saTanado daskvnebis gamotanis, analizis, abstraqtuli azrovnebis 

unari; 

– wamoWrili problemis ganzogadebisa da swrafad gadaWris unari; 

– sakiTxebisadmi kritikuli midgomis unari, ideebisa da azrebis 

gagebisa da manipulirebis SesaZlebloba; 

– literaturuli gemovnebis ganviTareba; 

– nebismieri tipis verbaluri diskursis meSveobiT komunikacia. 

informaciis mopoveba, Segroveba, Targmna (rogorc zepiri, aseve 

weriTi saxiT), masze msjeloba, analizi da interpretacia 


72

– problemur situaciaSi Tavisi dargis farglebSi monacemTa 

moZiebisa da gamoyenebis unari; 

– analizisa da sinTezis unari, raSic igulisxmeba informaciis 

sxvadasxva wyarodan moZiebisa da ganzogadebis unari; 

– kritikuli da TviTkritikuli SesaZleblobebi, raSic igulisxmeba 

producirebuli teqstis obieqturi Sefasebis da TviTSefasebis 

unari; 

– inglisuri enis kompetenturi gamoyeneba weriTi da zepiri 

komunikaciis procesSi; 

– damoukidebeli muSaobisaTvis relevanturi strategiis SerCevis 

unari (internetresursi # 11). 

bakalavriatis safexurze teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciebis 

swavleba/swavlis procesSi vlindeba studentis Semdegi lingvisturi da 

komunikaciuri unar-Cvevebi: 

mimarTuleba – kiTxva daMmosmena: 

– teqstSi ucnobi sityvebis gagebis strategiebis codna; 

– teqstis kritikuli xedva; 

– teqstebis tipebis amocnoba da ganmarteba maTi struqturul- 

gramatikul Tu stilistur Taviseburebebze dayrdnobiT; 

– teqstebSi mocemuli gramatikuli konstruqciebis gamoyofa da maTi 

saTanado interpretaciiT warmodgena; 

– wakiTxulis gadamowmeba da Sefaseba sandoobis, aqtualurobis da 

sxva kriteriumebis mixedviT; 

– konkretuli sakiTxis Sesaswavlad informaciis moZieba, gadamowmeba 

da monacemTa bazis Sedgena; 

– sxvadasxva tipis zepiri da werilobiTi teqstebis Sefaseba maTi 

sakomunikacio amocanis gaTvaliswinebiT; 

– mosmenili teqstis gageba. 

mimarTuleba – saubari da wera: 

– adekvaturad, gamarTulad da damajereblad metyveleba; 

– teqstSi movlenebis, xasiaTebis winaswarmetyveleba; 

– teqstis dakavSireba pirad gamocdilebasTan; 

73

– argumentirebuli msjeloba sxvadasxva Janris mxatvrul teqstebSi 

gamovlenili msoflmxedvelobrivi sakiTxebisa da literaturuli 

Taviseburebebis Sesaxeb; 

– literaturul nawarmoebebSi mxatvruli azrovnebis formebis 

identificireba, Sedareba, Sepirispireba, dakavSireba da analizi; 

– werilobiT teqstebSi sakuTari poziciisa da RirebulebiTi 

damokidebulebebis sxvadasxva literaturuli formiT warmoCena; 

– sxvadasxva epoqis literaturul teqstebSi asaxul kulturul 

faseulobaTa gaazreba da maT mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis 

gamoxatva; 

– sxvadasxva saxis zepiri teqstebis analizi enobriv-gamomxatvelobiTi 

saSualebebis TvalsazrisiT; 

– msoflio literaturuli procesebisa da universaluri 

literaturuli Temebis urTierTkavSiris aRmoCena; 

– wakiTxuli teqstis konstruireba (enobrivi analizi da sinTezi); 

– sxvadasxva tipisa da stilis teqstebis gamarTulad wera; 

– gramatikis, orTografiis, punqtuaciis wesebis Segnebulad gamoyeneba 

teqstis asagebad da dasaxvewad; 

– sxvadasxva mizniT, sxvadasxva auditoriisaTvis nebismieri tipis 

werilobiTi teqstis SeTxzva; 

– literaturul nawarmoebze subieqturi mosazrebis Camoyalibeba da 

warmoCena; 

– sxvadasxva Janris literaturuli teqstis Seqmnis procesSi 

cxovrebiseuli da SemoqmedebiTi gamocdilebis realizeba. 


„TuningSi~ aRniSnulia, rom Aànalizisa da sinTezis unars studentebi 

Semdegi meTodebiT gamoimuSaveben: 

– damoukidebeli interpretaciis, Sefasebebis da diskusiis unari, 

romelic debatebis farglebSi muSavdeba; 

– Tanamedrove koncefciebs Soris kavSirebis monaxva; 

– informaciis raodenobrivi analizi; 

– relevanturi Teoriebis misadageba amosavali masalisaTvis; 

74

– arsebul codnaSi axali daskvnebis inkorporacia; 

– specifikuri movlenebis an problemebis ganxilva farTo 

konteqstSi; 

– dasturis an sawinaaRmdego argumentebis moyvana~ (gonzalesi 2008: 

224). 

zemoT aRniSnuli wyaroebis gaTvaliswinebiT, evropis ganaTlebis 

erTiani sivrcis Seqmnis moTxovnebis safuZvelze, realuri viTarebis 

analizsa da pirad gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT, SevarCieT teqstebze 

orientirebuli kompetenciebi bakalavriatis safexurisTvis. aRsaniSnavia, 

rom teqstebze orientirebuli kompetencia pirdapir ukavSirdeba iseT 

zogad kompetenciebs, rogoricaa damoukidebeli muSaobis, kvlevis, 

informaciis marTvis, gadawyvetilebis miRebis, analizisa da sinTezis, 

swavlis, zepiri da werilobiTi formiT komunikaciis, axali ideebis 

generirebis (SemoqmedebiToba), kritikisa da TviTkritikis unarebi, aseve, 

mravalferovnebisa da multikulturalizmis, sxva qveynis kulturisa da 

tradiciebis pativiscema. 

eufleba: 

teqstebze orientirebuli swavleba/swavlis farglebSi studenti 

– analizisa da sinTezis unars, raSic moiazreba: teqstis 

interpretacia, mTavari punqtebis gansazRvra, gageba, Sefaseba, 

informaciasTan muSaoba, gacnobiereba, kritikuli Sefaseba, Teoriisa 

da praqtikis dakavSireba, sxvadaxva teqstis kombinireba, kvleva, 

formulireba, reproducireba, gamoyeneba, aRwera, daskvnis gakeTeba, 

fiqri, Sedareba, SerCeva, gansxvaveba, kontrasti, dayofa, Sejameba, 

argumentireba, Sefardeba, ganzogadeba, logikuri azrovneba, Sefaseba, 

problemis gadaWra, _ rasac studentebi Semdegi meTodebiT 

gamoimuSaveben: 

– teqstebze muSaobis farglebSi kiTxvis, kvlevis, diskusiisa da fiqris 

Sedegad koncefciis, ideebis formulireba; 

– damoukidebeli interpretaciis, Sefasebis da diskusiis unari, 

romelic debatebis farglebSi gamomuSavdeba; 

– naazrevis kritikuli Sefaseba da TviTSefaseba; 

75

– informaciis raodenobrivi analizi; 

– relevanturi Teoriebis misadageba amosavali masalisTvis; 

– arsebul codnaSi axali daskvnebis inkorporacia; 

– movlenebis an problemebis ganzogadeba; 

– gansxvavebuli azris gamoxatva da dasabuTeba. 

2. informaciis menejmentis kompetencias, raSic moiazreba: teqstSi 

saWiro informaciis moZiebis unari, informaciis pirveladi da meoradi 

wyaroebis gansxvavebis unari, tradiciuli Tu eleqtronuli biblioTekis 

gamoyenebis unari, informaciis mopovebis unari. 

3. damoukidebeli muSaobis unars. drois organizebis, prioritetebis 

SerCevis, vadebis dacvisa da SeTanxmebuli samuSaos Sesrulebis unaris 

floba aucilebelia rogorc pirad cxovrebaSi, aseve profesiul 

saqmianobaSi. 

4. kvlevis unars. saswavlo amocanis gadawyvetisaTvis teqstis 

gamoyenebis xarisxi maRalia, Tu moswavles saSualo safexurze SeuZlia 

argumentirebuli msjeloba sxvadasxva Janris mxatvrul teqstebSi 

gamovlenili msoflmxedvelobrivi sakiTxebisa da literaturuli 

Taviseburebebis Sesaxeb; literaturuli teqstis mimarT sakuTari 

mosazrebis Camoyalibeba da warmoCena; sakuTari poziciisa da 

damokidebulebebis gamoxatva; paralelebis gavleba qarTuli da 

msoflio literaturis Temebsa da procesebs Soris; sxvadasxva saxis 

teqstebis gamarTulad wera, gramatikuli wesebis gamoyeneba teqstis 

asagebad da dasaxvewad. 

zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, agreTve, sakuTar gamocdilebaze 

dayrdnobiT, Cven ganvsazRvreT, rom umaRles skolaSi bakalavriatis 

safexurze teqstebze orientirebuli dargobrivi kompetenciebi moicavs 

Semdeg mimarTulebebs: 

1. teqstis aRqmisa da gagebis kompetenciebi; 

2. teqstis analizis kompetencia; 

3. teqstis interpretaciis kompetencia; 

4. teqstis kvlevisa da Sefasebis kompetenciebi; 

5. teqstis Sedgenis kompetenciebi. 

76

Cven mier SemuSavebuli teqstobrivi kompetenciis modeli 

Gsqema #3 

1. teqstis aRqmisa da gagebis kompetenciis farglebSi studenti 

SeZlebs: 

teqstis saxis, tipis, Janris, qveJanris amocnobas; 

kiTxviTi strategiebis gamoyenebas; 

sxvadasxva saxis teqstebis (perioduli gamocemebi, romanebi, poemebi, 

dramebi, da sxva), agreTve, sxvadasxva saxis samuSao dokumentebis, 

magaliTad, werilobiTi instruqciebis da teqnikuri aRwerilobis, 

kontraqtebis, proeqtebis, angariSebis wakiTxvas da gagebas; 

teqstSi mTavari ideebis an Temebis, damxmare detalebis gagebas; 

avtoris miznis amocnobas 

ilustraciebis _ cxrilebis da diagramebis interpretacias (axsna); 

teqstSi aRwerili mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSiris gagebas; 

sxvadasxva saxis audioteqstis gagebas; 

gamoavlens ucnob sityvaTa mniSvnelobis konteqstis daxmarebiT 

gagebis unars; 

gamoavlens sityvebis denotaciuri da konotaciuri mniSvnelobebis 

codnas; 

77

2. teqstis analizis kompetenciis farglebSi studenti teqstSi 

amoicnobs: 

stilistur xerxebs da aRwers, ramdenad uwyoben xels gamoyenebuli 

stilisturi xerxebi nawarmoebis arsis gadmocemas; 

personaJebs da moaxdens maT daxasiaTebas; 

moqmedebis dros, adgils, garemos; amoicnobs kulturul da 

istoriul konteqsts; 

TxrobiT perspeqtivas; 

teqstis struqturas; 

amoicnobs avtoris tons da moaxdens misi stilis da mxatvruli 

ostatobis Sefasebas; 

gamoavlens figuraluri metyvelebis gagebas da Seafasebs ramdenad 

mizandasaxulad aRweven isini mkiTxvelamde; 

amoicnobs konfliqtis saxes. 

3. teqstis interpretaciis kompetenciis farglebSi studenti: 

teqstis Sesaxeb daskvnas gaakeTebs da gaamyarebs teqstidan 

moyvanili magaliTebiT; 

teqstSi arsebul bundovanebas da mravalgvari interpretaciis 

saSualebas gaiazrebs; 

miusadagebs teqsts cxovrebiseul situaciebs; 

msjelobs, ramdenad exmianeba mocemuli teqsti mimdinare 

kulturul, socialur, politikur situacias; 

statiebisa da dokumentebis reziumirebas. 

4. teqstis kvlevisa da Sefasebis kompetenciis farglebSi studenti: 

ganasxvavebs erTmaneTisgan teqstSi moyvanil faqtebsa da avtoris 

pirad TvalTaxedvas; 

gaecnoba teqstis irgvliv arsebul sxvadasxva kritikul masalas; 

eZiebs damatebiT masalas avtorisa da teqstSi arsebuli 

informaciis Sesaxeb; 

kiTxulobs da igebs eleqtronuli mediis saSualebiT mopovebul 

teqstebs, amzadebs bibliografias; 

iyenebs leqsikonebs, rom gaigos sityvis an terminis mniSvneloba, 

etimologia da swori warmoTqma; 

78

teqstSi mocemuli da damatebiT mopovebuli masalis safuZvelze 

ayalibebs sakuTar azrs sakvlevi Temis Sesaxeb; 

amzadebs referatul naSroms mocemuli teqstis irgvliv. 

5. teqstis Sedgenis kompetenciis farglebSi studenti SeZlebs: 

teqstis struqturis codnis demonstrirebas imave formis 

werilobiTi dokumentis SedgeniT; 

sxvadasxva Temaze Tavisufal saubars (monologi da dialogi), 

konkretul TemebTan dakavSirebul debatebsa da diskusiebSi 

monawileobis miRebas da azris gamarTulad da Tanmimdevrulad 

Camoyalibebas; 

mocemul Temaze prezentaciis Catarebas; 

mimoweras _ sabuTebis Sedgena (gancxadeba, avtobiografia, 

moxsenebiTi baraTi, CV), formaluri da araformaluri werilebis 

Sedgenas, eseis daweras. 

amrigad, wyaroebze dayrdnobiT miviCnevT, rom teqstebze 

orientirebuli zogadi, transferuli kompetenciebis floba 

uzrunvelyofs saswavlo teqstebis aTvisebas da ganapirobebs sasurveli 

Sedegis miRwevas. amasTan, saswavlo sagnebis specifikidan gamomdinare, 

teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciebi SeiZleba iyos dargobrivic. 

teqstebze orientireba, ganaTlebis safexurebis mixedviT zogadi 

da dargobrivi kompetenciebis gansazRvra xels Seuwyobs studentis mier 

misaRwevi Sedegis gacnobierebas, miznis sicxades, misawvdomobas, 

saswavlo procesSi aqtiurobis da damoukidebeli muSaobis xarisxis 

amaRlebas. 

$2 saswavlo aqtivobebi kompetenciis miRwevisaTvis 

2.2.1 teqstis struqturis Semswavleli aqtivobebi 

aqtivoba aris leqtoris mier dagegmili qmedeba, romelic saswavlo 

miznis miRwevas emsaxureba. Mmiznidan gamomdinare, leqtorma SeiZleba dagegmos 

erTi an ramdenime aqtivoba da, aseve, maTi Catarebis Tanamimdevroba. aqtivobis 

79

dagegmvis dros mniSvnelovania, rom leqtorma gaiTvaliswinos, konkretulad 

ris gakeTeba moeTxovebaT studentebs da is, Tu ra roli unda Seasrulos man 

(berZeniSvili...2007:25). swavlebis aqtivobebis formebia: 

– TanamSromlobiTi swavleba (leqtori _ studenti, studenti _ studenti 

jgufebSi muSaoba); 

– damoukidebeli swavla; 

– swavleba konkretuli drois miTiTebiT; 

– diagramebis, grafikebis gamoyeneba (kognituri _ saazrovno): 

studentis aqtivobas aqvs 2 forma: 

1. masalis aRqma, romelSic CarTulia studentis emocia, azrovneba, 

warmosaxva, mexsiereba, gadmocemis unari; 

2. damoukidebeli, individualuri an jgufuri davalebebisaTvis masalis 

SegrovebaSi monawileoba. 

„sasurvelia leqtoris saqmianoba (xelmZRvaneloba) daukavSirdes 

studentis aqtivobas leqciisa da momzadebis procesSi; leqtorma ifiqros 

Semdegze: 1. ra, rogor da risTvis moawodos leqciis dros; 2. rogor CarTos 

studentebi leqciis msvlelobaSi; 3. rogor moamzados da gaaaqtiuros 

studentebi~ (isakova..2007:87). 

aqtivobebis dagegmvisas gasaTvaliswinebelia ramdenime faqtori: 

– gakveTilis tipi (mimdinare, Semajamebeli); 

– pedagogiuri strategia; 

– saswavlo mizani, romelic, Tavis mxriv, ebmis swavlis 

mosalodnel Sedegebs. 

`saswavlo mizani aris studentis mier swavliT SeZenili winaswar 

gansazRvruli Sedegi, axali gamocdileba. igi moicavs studentTa 

umravlesobis mier asaTvisebeli informaciis, unar-Cvevebisa da 

Rirebulebebis erTobliobas~ (berZeniSvili...2007:54). proeqti _ 

saganmanaTleblo struqturebis urTierTSewyoba evropaSi „Tuningi“ _ 

ganasxvavebs swavlis Sedegebsa da kompetenciebs, raTa aCvenos 

maswavlebelTa da studentTa gansxvavebuli rolebi. swavlis Sedegebi 

ganisazRvreba akademiuri personalis mier saganmanaTleblo programis 

da calkeuli kursis doneze. Kkompetenciebi miiRweva studentis mier. 

80

`kompetenciis miRweuli done SeiZleba iyos ufro maRali an dabali, 

vidre es swavlis SedegebiTaa gansazRvruli~ (gonzalesi 2008:174). 

umaRlesi skolis saganmanaTleblo programaSi swavlis Sedegi 

gansazRvravs Tu ra codna SeiZina studentma, ris gakeTebas SeZlebs is. 

`wavlis Sedegi aris swavlis procesSi SeZenili axali codna da 

unarebi. ganasxvaveben SeZenili unarebis 5 ZiriTad tips: 

inteleqtualur unarebs; 

verbalur informacias; 

damokidebulebebs; 

motorul Cvevebs; 

kognitur strategiebs“ (qitiaSvili 2008:47). 

swavlis Sedegi aris informaciis, unar-Cvevebis, Rirebulebebisa da 

damokidebulebebis erToblioba, romelsac studentebi iZenen swavlis 

procesSi. mniSvnelovania ara mxolod is, Tu ra iswavla studentma, 

aramed, upirvelesad, codnis xarisxi: rogor iswavla da rogor SeuZlia 

mas am codnis gamoyeneba. `saswavlo Sedegebi ganisazRvreba 

saganmanaTleblo procesis nebismieri monakveTisaTvis (leqcia, semestri, 

akademiuri weli, zogadi/umaRlesi ganaTlebis safexuri da sxva~ 

(berZeniSvili...2007:54). swavlis Sedegi ganacxadia imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra 

icis da risi gakeTeba SeuZlia students mocemuli saswavlo kursis 

dasrulebis Semdeg. swavlis Sedegi, aRwerili kompetenciis doniT _ 

aris ganacxadi Tu ra unda icodes da risi gakeTeba unda SeZlos 

studentma swavlis dasrulebis Semdeg. is ganisazRvreba kursis 

erTeulis, aseve programis doneze. 

`swavla niSnavs informaciis dagrovebas, unar-Cvevebis 

ganviTarebas~ (standartebi 2010:6). swavla aris axali informaciis, 

codnis, Cvevebis, damokidebulebebisa da ganwyobebis SeZena. 

arsebobs swavlisa da swavlebis aqtivobebis xuTi kategoria: 

1. mzardi _ romlis saSualebiTac moswavle davalebebis Sesrulebis 

procesSi iZens axal ideebs, koncefciebs da unar-Cvevebs. 

2. restruqturizebadi _ romelic moiTxovs moswavleebisagan winaswar 

SeZenil unar-Cvevebsa da codnaze dayrdnobiT aRmoCenebis gakeTebas. 

81

3. codnis gamosacdeli _ ukve nacnobi ideebisa da koncefciebis, 

codnisa da unar-Cvevebis gamoyeneba axali problemebis gadasaWrelad. 

4. praqtikaze damyarebuli _ praqtikuli savarjiSoebis meSveobiT 

nacnobi ideebis, koncefciebis, codnis da unar-Cvevebis ganmtkiceba. 

5. ganmeorebaze damyarebuli _ nacnobi ideebis, koncefciebis, codnisa 

da unar-Cvevebis gameoreba garkveuli drois gavlis Semdeg. 

swavlebis procesSi aucilebelia gansxvavebuli meTodebis 

gamoyeneba, radgan es xels uwyobs studentebSi swavlisadmi interesis 

gaRvivebas. ucxouri enis leqcia unda Seicavdes: 

1. verbalur informacias – ambis gadmocema, roluri TamaSebi; 

2. vizualur masalas – TvalsaCinoebebi, suraTebi, plakatebi da a.S.; 

3. savarjiSoebs; 

4. diskusias – kiTxva-pasuxi, wyvilebSi muSaoba, jgufebSi muSaoba, 

proeqtebis wardgena; 

5. fiqri da azrovneba – diskusiebi, situaciuri amocanebi, problemis 

gadaWris savarjiSoebi. 

teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciebis formireba gulisxmobs 

teqstebze dayrdnobiT analitikuri da produqtiuli unarebis 

formirebas. teqstobrivi kompetenciebis formirebis etapebia Temaze, 

gegmaze, saTaurze, sakvanZo sityvebsa da frazebze muSaoba. teqstebze 

orientirebuli swavlebis mimarTulebebi mWidrodaa erTmaneTTan 

dakavSirebuli, magram yvela unaris erTdrouli formireba SeuZlebelia. 

amitom, swavlebis sxvadasxva etapze yuradRebis centrSi xvdeba 

gansazRvruli unari. 

etapi saswavlo 

mizani 

teqstamdeli 

aqtivoba 

- molodinis 

ganviTareba; 

- fonuri 

davalebebis 

Sesruleba; 

-hipoTezis 

Seqmnis unaris 

ganviTareba. 

swavlebis 

meTodebi 

- saTaurTan 

muSaobis 

asociaciuri xerxi; 

- kiTxvis dasma 

moswavleTa 

molodinis 

gamosavlenad; 

- kvleviTi 

davalebebis ageba; 

- winmswrebi 

individualuri 

saSianao davalebis 

gamokiTxva; 

aqtivobebi swavlebis 

forma 

- sakvanZo 

sityvebis mixedviT 

hipoTezis 

wamoyeneba teqstis 

ideur - Tematikur 

SinaarsTan 

dakavSirebiT; 

- moswavleTa mier 

mokle 

informaciis 

warmodgena 

avtorisa da 

epoqis Sesaxeb; 

- frontaluri 

saubari; 

- saklaso da 

saSinao 

individualuri 

davalebis 

organizeba. 

82

teqstis kiTxva da 

emociurasociaciuri 

aRqma 

Temis da 

teqstis 

konceptualuri 

Sinaarsis 

gaazreba 

teqstis 

interpretacia 

- teqstis 

emociuri 

tonalobis 

aRqmis 

formireba; 

- analizuri 

kiTxvis unaris 

srulyofa; 

-sxvadasxva 

wyarodan 

informaciis 

miRebis unaris 

formireba. 

- analitikuri 

azrovnebis 

ganviTareba 

teqstis 

analizis 

sxvadasxva 

saxeobis 

meSveobiT; 

- enobriv 

faqtebsa da 

avtoriseul 

miznebs Soris 

logikuri 

kavSiris 

danaxvis unaris 

formireba; 

- teqstis 

analizis 

msvlelobis 

procesSi 

miRebuli 

informaciis 

sinTezis unaris 

formireba; 

- hopoTezebis 

damtkicebis an 

uaryofis 

unaris 

formireba; 

- teqstis- 

interpretaciis 

Seqmnis 

xelovnebis 

srulyofa; 

-SemoqmedebiTi 

unarebis 

-problemuri 

Txzuleba (teqstis 

sakvanZo konceptis 

asociaciurazrobrivi 

velis 

ageba). 

- gamoTqmiT kiTxva; 

- nawilobriv- 

ZiebiTi meTodi: 

SekiTxvebis da 

davalebebis ageba 

da emociuri da 

asociaciuri aRqmis 

gamovlena. 

- moniSvnebiT 

teqstis kiTxvis 

xerxi; 

- kvleviTi 

davalebis ageba; 

- evristikuli 

saubari, romelic 

mizanmimarTulia 

lingvopragmatikul 

i analizis 

swavlebaze; 

individualuri 

saSinao davalebis 

winmswrebi 

gamokiTxva 

(gasaanalizebel 

teqstTan axlos 

mdgomi 

nawarmoebebis 

mimoxilva) 

SekiTxvebis 

gamoyenebiT 

refleqsiis 

organizeba 

- teqsti-prognozis 

dawera. 

- mosmena; 

- analizuri 

kiTxva: teqstSi 

avtoriseuli 

asociaciebis povna 

da maTi Sedareba 

sakuTar 

asociaciebTan. 

- ZiebiTi kiTxva; 

- leqsikonebTan da 

informaciis sxva 

saSualebebTan 

muSaoba; 

- teqstisaTvis 

kiTxvebis Sedgena, 

maTi jgufebad 

danawileba 

faqtobrivi da 

konceptualuri 

informaciis 

misaRebad; 

- teqstis mokle 

Sinaarsis 

gadmocema da 

zogadi Temis 

gansazRvreba; 

- teqstis 

lingvopragmatuli 

analizi da misi 

Sedegebis 

„leqsikuri 

makrostruqturis“ 

Setana grafaSi; 

- teqstis 

konceptualuri 

struqturis 

sqemis Sedgena; 

hiperteqstis 

formireba. 

- kiTxvebis 

gamoyenebiT 

sakuTar 

aqtivobaze 

retrospeqtuli 

Sexedulebis 

ganxorcieleba; 

- frontaluri 

muSaoba; 

- individualuri 

muSaoba. 

- individualuri 

samuSao; 

- wyvilebSi an 

jgufebSi 

muSaoba. 

individualuri 

samuSao 

83

formireba da 

ganviTareba 

-meoradi teqstis 

Sedgena 

teqstTan muSaobis codna/unari ganaTlebis miRebis ZiriTadi 

sayrdenia. bevr qveyanaSi saskolo politikis mTavari prioriteti swored 

am unaris ganviTarebazea damyarebuli. 

`swavlebis efeqtianobas gazrdis naTlad gamokveTili molodinebi, 

xSiri weriTi davalebebi, proeqtebi, interaqtiuli SekiTxvebi, swavla da 

erToblivi muSaoba, saswavlo kursis dakavSireba realur cxovrebasTan~ 

(swavlebis... 2004:87). rogorc wesi, maswavleblebis treningebis Sinaarsi 

am strategiebisa da meTodebis sxvadasxva kombinacias Seadgens. 

warmogidgenT swavlebis strategiebisa da meTodebis CamonaTvals: 

– pirdapiri instruqcia: struqturuli mimoxilva, leqcia, 

– 

mizanmimarTuli swavleba, savarjiSo da praqtika, Sedareba da 

Sepirispireba, didaqtikuri SekiTxvebi; 

interaqtiuli instruqciebi: debatebi, roluri TamaSebi, gonebrivi 

ieriSi, TanamSromlobiTi saswavlo jgufebi, problemis gadaWra, 

interviureba, konferenciis mowyoba; 

– arapirdapiri instruqciebi: problemis gadawyveta, koncefciis 

Camoyalibeba, kiTxvarebi; 

– damoukidebeli swavla: eseebi, kompiuteris daxmarebiT instruqtaJi, 

saSinao davaleba, saswavlo centrebi, kvleviTi proeqtebi; 

– eqsperimentuli swavla: Txroba, TamaSebi, roluri TamaSebi, 

gamokiTxvebi; 

– instruqciuli unarebi: axsna, demonstrireba, SekiTxvebis dasma. 

teqstebze orientirebuli swavleba/swavlis sawyiss warmoadgens 

teqstebis tipebis codna, maTi struqturis Sesaxeb informaciis floba. 

teqsti, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, SeiZleba iyos mxatvruli an 

aramxatvruli. mxatvruli teqstis struqturis Semadgeneli elementebia 

personaJebi, moqmedebis adgili, problema da misi gadawyveta, siuJeti. 

aramxatvruli nawarmoebis struqturis Semadgeneli elementebia mizez- 

Sedegi, Tanmimdevroba, problema da misi gadawyveta, aRwera, Sedareba- 

Sepirispireba. 

84

mniSvnelovania, studenti flobdes informacias mxatvruli da 

aramxatvruli teqstebis Semadgeneli elementebis Sesaxeb. mxatvruli 

teqstis maxasiaTeblebia: saTauri, ilustraciebi, Tanmimdevruli Txroba, 

paragrafebi, dialogi da a. S. aramxatvruli teqstis niSnebia: saTauri, 

Sinaarsis sarCevi, indeqsi, fotoebi, saTaurebi, diagramebi, sityvari, 

qvesaTaurebi da a. S. 

aramxatvruli teqstebis struqturis amocnobaSi dagvexmareba 

sasignalo, damakavSirebeli sityvebis codna. 

aRwera/daxasiaTebis tipis teqstSi avtori gvixsnis Temas, ideas, 

pirovnebas an sagans misi maxasiaTebeli Tvisebebis aRweriT da 

magaliTebis moyvaniT. teqstSi gvxvdeba Semdegi sityvebi da frazebi: for 

example, characteristics are, such as, looks like, consists of, for instance, most important da 

a.S. 

studentebs vawvdiT teqsts, romelSic unda ipovon sasignalo 

sityvebi da amoicnon teqstis tipi. gTavazobT teqstis nimuSs. 

All crocodilians are reptiles with long snouts, long tails, four short legs, tough 

skin, and sharp teeth. Members of the crocodilian family include alligators, 

crocodiles, caimans, and gavials. Crocodilians live in warm weather throughout 

the year and they spend part of their time in the water and part of their time on 

land. Almost all crocodilians grow to be very large, with the largest more than 

twenty feet long. There are two kinds of alligators, 14 kinds of crocodiles, eight 

kinds of caimans, and one kind of gavial (internetresursi #29). 

mocemul teqstSi gamoyenebulia Semdegi sityvebi da 

sityvaTSeTanxmebebi: the features are, some characteristics are, for example. maSasadame, 

teqstis struqtura aris aRweriTi. 

qronologiuri (sequence) tipis nawarmoebSi avtori Tanamimdevrulad 

aRwers movlenas. teqstSi gvxvdeba Semdegi sityvebi da 

sityvaTSeTanxmebebi: First, second, third, next, then, after, before, prior to, not long after, 

while, meanwhile, simultaneously, at the same time, following, finally, at last, in the end, on 

(date), at (time), directions da a.S. 

gTavazobT teqstis nimuSs: 

85

Recently, scientists have gained an understanding of a crocodile’s reproductive 

activity. Crocodiles mate in the water, where the buoyancy keeps them from 

crushing each other. Prior to mating, there are stylized postures, jumping, 

submerged bubble blowing, and snout contact. After mating, hard-shelled eggs 

are laid in a nest, in a hole scooped in the sand. When it is time to hatch, the 

infant crocodiles begin a loud chirping sound that leads the female to the nest, 

which she excavates. Finally, when all the babies are accounted for, the mother 

crocodile transports them to the shallow water where they will remain under 

adult protection for weeks or months (internetresursi #29). 

zemoT moyvanil teqstSi gamoyenebulia Semdegi sityvebi: recently, 

prior to, after, when, finally da a.S. rac imaze miuTiTebs, rom teqstis struqtura 

aris TanmimdevrobiTi, anu qronologiuri. 

Sedareba-SepirispirebiTi tipis teqstebSi asaxulia, Tu riTi gavs 

an riTi gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan ori an meti sagani an movlena. am 

tipis teqstebSi gvxvdeba Semdegi sityvebi da sityvaTSeTanxmebebi: from, 

similar to, in contrast, alike, same as, as well as, on the other hand, both, either , or, not only, 

but also, yet, although, but, however, on the other hand da a.S. 


Alligators and crocodiles, along with their relatives the caimans and the gavials, 

are very much alike. These crocodilians are reptiles with long snouts, long tails, 

four short legs, tough skin, and sharp teeth. There are some differences, however. 

Gavials have the longest snout and the most teeth. Some people say that 

alligators and crocodiles differ in the shape of their snouts and the positioning of 

their teeth. Zookeepers say that crocodiles move faster than alligators and have 

nastier dispositions (internetresursi #29). 

mizez-Sedegobrivi tipis teqstebSi avtori aRwers movlenas da im 

Sedegs, rac man gamoiwvia. anu, aRwerilia ra da ratom moxda. misi 

mizania movlenis mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSiris Cveneba da axsna. am teqstis 

sasignalo sityvebi da sityvaTSeTanxmebebia: reasons why, reasons for, if…then, as 

86

a result of, therefore, because of, so, since, in order to, leads or leads to, effects of, caused by, 

result, outcome, impact, influenced by, brought about by da a.S. 


On the river banks of the Nile River, home to some crocodiles, there are many 

kinds of birds, sometimes called crocodile birds because they are always hopping 

around crocodiles. The big crocodiles and the birds are useful to each other for 

several reasons. The birds eat flies and leeches that they find on the crocodiles’ 

skin and mouths. In this way, the birds get a good meal and the crocodiles get rid 

of the leeches and flies. Sometimes an enemy frightens the birds who scream and 

fly away. As a result of the noise, the birds give the crocodiles a warning of 

danger (internetresursi #29). 

problemis amsaxveli tipis teqsti axdens problemis 

identificirebas da gvawvdis misi gadaWris erT an ramdenime gzas. 


In most parts of the world there are not as many crocodiles as there used to be. 

This is a problem because crocodiles are becoming endangered and also 

crocodile are necessary to the balance of nature. Many crocodiles have died 

because people dried up the swamps and marshes where the crocodiles live. 

Poachers have also contributed to the dilemma as crocodiles have been desired 

for their strong, smooth, leathery skins. In order to preserve these mighty 

creatures, people must take care of the crocodiles’ environment and help put a 

stop to the needless shooting of these animals (internetresursi #29). 

damakavSirebeli sityvebia problem, dilemma, etc. maSasadame, teqsti asaxavs 

problemas da misi gadawyvetis gzas. 

am aqtivobebis mizania studentma iswavlos ara mxolod teqstis 

tipis amocnoba, aramed misi producirebac, anu mocemuli modelis 

gamoyenebiT teqstebis ageba. 

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2.2.2 teqstebze muSaobis lokaluri da globaluri 

strategiebi 

zepirmetyvelebis, kiTxvis, weris, gagebis strategiebis kvlevas, 

kiTxvis diferencirebuli swavlebis saSulebebis analizs, teqstis 

Sinaarsisa da mokle Sinaarsis weris swavlebis sakiTxebs, mxatvruli 

teqstis analizis swavlebis sakiTxebs umaRles skolaSi, ganaTlebis 

SinaarsSi mecnierebis asaxvisTvis saswavlo saganTa dajgufebis 

problemebs mieZRvna s. cetlinas (Цетлина 1979), d. verderixis (2004), z. 

vaxanias (2005), n. kvirikaZis (2007), l. CinCalaZis (2007), m. isakovas (Исакова 

2007), c. megrelaZis (2009) Sromebi. 

ganaTlebis erovnuli monitoringis proeqtisa (NEMP) da studentTa 

Sefasebis saerTaSoriso programis (PISA) farglebSi Catarebuli 

gamokvlevebis monacemebze dayrdnobiT, swavlis iseTi strategiebi 

gamovlinda, romlebsac moswavleebi davalebebis Sesasruleblad met- 

naklebad warmatebiT iyeneben. amasTanave, damuSavda strategiebis 

taqsonomia, sadac isini lokalur da globalur strategiebadaa 

dayofili. 

„lokalurs uwodeben iseT strategiebs, romlebic teqstis 

dekodirebisa da konkretuli informaciis interpretaciiskenaa 

mimarTuli, xolo strategiebs, romlebic daskvnebs efuZneba, 

informaciis Sefasebasa da sinTezzea orientirebuli – globaluri 

ewodeba. lokaluri strategiebis doneze mkiTxveli SeZenili codnisa da 

unarebis meSveobiT wakiTxulis srul Sinaarss arkvevs da teqstis 

konkretuli momentebis gagebis safuZvelze daskvnebs akeTebs. igi am 

doneze iyenebs teqsts, rogorc damatebiTi informacis wyaros“ 

(makdonaldi... 2004:29). 

globaluri strategiebi mkiTxvels saSualebas aZlevs, teqstis 

sxvadasxva momenti Seapirispiros da wakiTxulis Sinaarsi gaarkvios, 

moiZios, gaanalizos da sxvadasxva wyarodan moZiebuli informacia 

Seafasos, avtoris Canafiqrs Cawvdes da teqsti mravali mizniT 

gamoiyenos. amrigad, teqstis Sinaarsi, mraval strategiasTan 

88

erTobliobaSi, exmareba mkiTxvels _ axleburad Sexedos samyarosa da 

sakuTar SesaZleblobebs teqstis aRqmasTan mimarTebiT. 

teqstis struqturis lokaluri done moicavs teqstis organizebis 

TaviseburebaTa gagebas: 

– msgavs teqstebze muSaobis gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT ganWvriteT, 

Tu rogori SeiZleba iyos teqstis struqtura; 

– SeiswavleT teqstis (abzacis), winadadebis Taviseburebani; 

– gamoyaviT da gaaanalizeT teqstis gaformebis elementebi (saTauri, 

qvesaTauri, grafiki, tabula, diagrama); 

– gamoyaviT enis xatovani elementebi (metafora, Sedareba da a.S.) 

teqstis struqturis globaluri done moicavs mocemuli 

struqturis teqstis miznis dadgenas: 

– risTvis sWirdeba avtors teqstis Sinaarsis am formiT organizeba? 

– rogor kavSirSia mocemuli teqstis agebulebis, gaformebisa da 

Janris Taviseburebebi mis TemasTan? 

– ra SegviZlia davaskvnaT teqstis struqturis mixedviT mis mizansa 

da mniSvnelobaze? 

– gaakeTeT daskvnebi yovelive aRniSnulis kritikuli analizis 

safuZvelze avtoris Canafiqrisa da miznobrivi auditoriis Sesaxeb. 

– aris Tu ara teqstis struqturaSi raime gaugebroba? 

– gamoiyeneT SeZenili codna teqstis agebulebis Sesaxeb nacnob da 

ucnob teqstebTan momdevno muSaobaSi. 

teqstis Sinaarsis lokaluri done moicavs semantikuri 

informaciis gagebas: 

– teqstis Sinaarsisa da misi ZiriTadi ideebis Sesaxeb varaudis 

gamoTqma nacnobi strategiebis moSveliebiT; 

– teqstis Sinaarsis ganWvreta (nacnobi terminebis, teqstis 

Sinaarsobrivi da struqturuli elementebis gamoyenebiT); 

– muSaoba konkretul informaciaze; Sinaarsis ZiriTadi momentebis 

gamoyofa, informaciis Secvla, sakuTari saTauris gamoyeneba, 

reziumes Sedgena. 

89

gaazrebas: 

teqstis Sinaarsis globaluri done moicavs teqstis kritikulad 

– rogor ggoniaT, ratom airCia avtorma aseTi Sinaarsi? 

– teqstis romeli adgili SeiZleba iyos gagebuli 

araerTmniSvnelovnad? xom ar ewinaaRmdegeba erTmaneTs teqstis 

calkeuli nawilebi an maTi informacia Tqvens mier adre 

wakiTxuls? 

– kritikulad miudeqiT avtoris Canafiqrs SinaarsTan mimarTebiT. 

Tqveni azriT, ra zegavlena unda moaxdinos man mkiTxvelze? 

– aCveneT, rom SegiZliaT isargebloT sxvadasxva saxis infomaciiT. 

gamoyaviT ZiriTadi momentebi. moaxdineT informaciis 

restruqturireba da gamoiyeneT Tqven mier mofiqrebuli saTauri. 

SeadgineT reziume. gaakeTeT daskvnebi. SeafaseT informacia. 

aRniSneT, raSi eTanxmebiT avtors da raSi ar iziarebT mis azrs. 

gaaanalizeT is gzebi, romlebmac migiyvanaT Sinaarsis gagebamde. 

SeZenili gamocdileba gamoiyeneT SemdgomSic. 

sityvis mniSvnelobis gagebisTvis aucilebeli strategiebis mizania 

moamzados moswavle damoukideblad, leqsikonis gamoyenebis gareSe 

daadginos ucxo sityvis mniSvneloba. 

`sityvis lokaluri done moicavs grafofonuri, sintaqsuri da 

semantikuri informacis gaazrebas: 

– SeecadeT mixvdeT specialuri terminebis mniSvnelobas 

winadadebasa da konteqstebze dayrdnobiT; 

– daeyrdeniT sityvebs, romelTac iyenebs avtori instruqciisTvis; 

– SeecadeT „gaSifroT~ sityva. gamoiyeneT semantikuri da 

grafofonuri niSnebi; gamoiyeneT sintaqsuri niSnebi; 

– gaakeTeT arCevani yvela niSnis analizis safuZvelze, SeamowmeT 

Tqveni alRo (enobrivi mixvedriloba). 

sityvis globaluri done moicavs sityvis mniSvnelobis axsnas 

sintaqsis, semantikis da morfologiis codnis gamoyenebiT: 

– CaufiqrdiT sityvis Semadgeneli nawilebis mniSvnelobas (Zirs, 

TavsarTs, bolosarTs, rTuli sityvebis struqturas); 

90

– „gaSifreT~ sityva, axseniT misi mniSvneloba konteqstiT; 

– gamoiyeneT konteqsti da sityvis struqtura Tqveni enobrivi alRos 

Sesamowmeblad; 

– gamoiyeneT struqturuli da konteqsturi informacia ucnobi 

sityvis mniSvnelobis dasadgenad; 

– ganazogadeT SeZenili gamocdileba, rom SemdgomSi gamoiyenoT is 

ucnob leqsikaze muSaobisas; 

– yuradReba miaqcieT, Tu romel sityvebs arCevs avtori ama Tu im 

konteqstisTvis da ratom“ (makdonaldi 2004:33). 

2.2.3 teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciebis 

ganmaviTarebeli aqtivobebi. mimarTuleba - kiTxva da mosmena. 

kiTxva _ mosmena (recepciuli) da saubari _ wera (produqtiuli) 

mimarTulebebis mixedviT, gTavazobT teqstebis swavlebaze orientirebul 

im aqtivobebs, romlebmac praqtikul saqmianobaSi efeqturi Sedegi 

mogvca. 

ucxouri enis swavlebis dros didi mniSvneloba aqvs studentis 

sityvaTa marags. arsebobs kavSiri sityvebis maragsa da iseT faqtorebs 

Soris, rogoricaa sazrianoba da axali informaciis aRqmis unari. 

sityvaTa maragis gaumjobesebaze mimarTuli swavleba saswavlo procesis 

sagulisxmo nawilia. ufro metic, mkvlevarebi adastureben, rom sityvaTa 

maragis sistematuri gaumjobeseba swavlebis yvelaze mniSvnelovani 

praqtikaa, romlis gamoyenebac maswavlebels SeuZlia. es praqtika 

gansakuTrebiT efeqturia dabali akademiuri moswrebis moswavleebis 

mimarT. sagulisxmoa, rom amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis skolebSi 

sityvaTa maragis sistemuri swavlebis SemTxvevebs iSviaTad vxvdebiT. 

ufro metic, zogierTi amtkicebs, rom sityvaTa maragis sistemuri 

swavleba unayofo, an, ukeTes SemTxvevaSi, naklebad efeqturi meTodia. 

konkretuli sityvis an frazis damaxsovreba, rom SeZlos studentma, 

saWiroa es sityva mas ramdenjerme Sexvdes. arsebobs mosazreba, rom 

axali sityvebis aTvisebis saukeTeso gza kiTxvaa. am mosazrebis 

91

mxardamWerni miiCneven, rom pirovneba aucileblad swavlobs im axal 

sityvebs, rasac kiTxvis procesSi awydeba. ès araswori daSvebaa. 

ubralod kiTxva, sityvebis swavlis gareSe, rogorc wesi, sagrZnoblad 

ar zrdis moswavlis sityvaTa marags~ (marzano 2009:150). 

`m. suonbornma da q. de gloferma (Swanburn 1999) daadgines, rom 

studentis mier wakiTxuli axali sityvebis damaxsovrebis 15%-iani 

albaToba arsebobs (ix. internetresursi # 35). es orive kvleva sakmaod 

optimistur daskvnebs gvTavazobs sityvebis SemTxveviTi swavlis 

albaTobis Sesaxeb. zemoT warmodgenilia m. suonbornisa da q. de 

gloferis (1999) mier Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegebi. „arsebobs bevri 

faqtori, romlebic teqstis kiTxvisas axali sityvebis Seswavlis 

albaTobaze axdens gavlenas. erT-erTi aseTi faqtoria studentis unari. 

maRali SesaZleblobebis mqone studentebs 19%-iani albaToba aqvT, rom 

axal sityvas iswavlian, xolo dabali SesaZleblobis studentebSi 

albaToba 8%-mde ecema. imas, Tu rogor aiTvisebs studenti teqstSi 

Sexvedril axal sityvas, teqstis maxasiaTeblebic gansazRvraven. Tu 

teqsti, ZiriTadad, nacnobi leqsikuri erTeulebisagan Sedgeba da 

studenti axal sityvas, saSualod, yovel 150 sityvaSi erTxel awydeba, 

arsebobs 30%-iani albaToba imisa, rom studenti axal sityvas 

daimaxsovrebs. Tu wasakiTx teqstSi studenti 10 sityvaSi erT axal 

sityvas xvdeba, mxolod 7%-ia albaTobaa imisa, rom mas es axali sityva 

daamaxsovrdeba. es aRmoCenebi eWvqveS ayenebs mosazrebas imis Taobaze, 

rom mxolod kiTxva savsebiT sakmarisia moswavlis sityvaTa maragis ga- 

farToebisaTvis. gansakuTrebiT maSin, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom 

kiTxvisas Sexvedrili sityvebis 90%-ze mets studenti, saSualod, erT 

milion sityvaSi erTxel awydeba“ (marzano 2009:152). 

gTavazobT, konteqstze dayrdnobiT ucxo sityvaTa mniSvnelobis 

gagebis savarjiSos. 

teqsti #1 

Your fifteen year old sister’s manners are deplorable. You should have been 

there when she ate at our house the other night. She kept reaching across the 

table for everything without even excusing herself. She burped a dozen times and 

92

looked like she was really proud of her achievement. And when we had ice cream 

sundaes for dessert, she ate hers with her fingers. (internetresursi № 30). 

teqstis Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, ras niSnavs sityva 'deplorable'? swor 

pasuxze migvaniSnebs vaxSmis dros personaJis miuRebeli qcevis aRwera 

'she ate hers with her fingers.. burped a dozen times... kept reaching across the table for 

everything'. 

teqsti #2 

Linda has been working hard for Mr. Smith. She claims that he’s the most honest 

man running for president. No matter what doubts we express, she has what she 

believes is a good answer. She works long hours every day on the campaign. She 

has also given a lot of money to help him win. Linda is certainly one of Smith’s 

most ardent supporters (internetresursi № 30). 

ras niSnavs sityva 'ardent'? pasuxze migvaniSnebs personaJis 

daxasiaTeba 'She works long hours every day on the campaign. She has also given a lot of 

money to help him win.', riTac vgebulobT, rom is Tavdauzogavad exmareboda 

b-n smits saprezidento arCevnebis dros. 

teqsti # 3 

Mark is certainly resilient. He lost a fortune when his business failed but now he’s 

wealthy again. After spending a month in the intensive care unit of the hospital, 

he’s as healthy and strong as ever. And after all those rumors ruined his 

reputation, he’s managed to once again be a highly respected member of the 

community. (internetresursi № 30). 

ras niSnavs sityva 'resilient'? swor pasuxze migvaniSnebs teqstSi 

moyvanili konstruqciebi: He lost a fortune ...but now he’s wealthy again; After 

spending a month ...in the hospital, he’s as healthy and strong as ever; after all those rumors 

ruined his reputation, he’s managed... be a highly respected member of the community. es 

konstruqciebi mianiSneben markis moxerxebulobaze. marki yovelTvis 

axerxebda siZneleebis daZlevas da warmatebis miRwevas. 

93

teqsti #4 

Mr. Huge was very proud of his auto superstore. "We have such an extensive 

selection of cars," he said, "so everyone should find a vehicle that he or she will 

love!" (internetresursi № 30). 

ras niSnavs sityva 'extensive'? swor pasuxze migvaniSnebs winadadeba 

'everyone should find a vehicle that he or she will love', rac niSnavs, rom 

avtomaRaziaSi yvelas SeeZlo Tavisi gemovnebis Sesaferisi avtomanqanis 

SeZena, maSasadame, iq manqanebis didi arCevani iyo. 

teqsti #5 

The news story was based on a letter that was a fabrication. Now the reporter 

who wrote the story is in big trouble. Will anyone believe him again? 

(internetresursi № 30). 

ras niSnavs 'fabrication' ? swor pasuxze miuTiTebs teqstSi dasmuli 

ritorikuli SekiTxva _ Will anyone believe him again? fonuri codnis 

gamoyenebiT vaskvniT, rom aravin ujerebs imas, vinc yovelTvis ityueba. 

maSasadame, teqstidan gamomdinareobs, rom Jurnalistma SesaZloa mcdari 

informacia miawoda sazogadoebas. 

warmogidgenT im saswavlo aqtivobebs, romlebic xels uwyobs 

moswavleTa leqsikuri maragis gamdidrebas. 

– teqstis wakiTxvamde miwodebuli sityvebi moswavleebs gadaaqvT 

sakuTar leqsikonSi; 

– moswavleebi am sityvebiT winadadebebs an mcire teqstebs adgenen; 

– am sityvebis gamoyenebiT moswavleebi ageben dialogs da 

gaiTamaSeben situacias; 

– axali sityvebis gamoyenebiT studentebi aRweren suraTs; 

– moswavleebi axali sityvebisaTvis eZeben sinonimebsa da antonimebs; 

– moswavleebi ganalageben axal sityvebs raime niSnis/niSnebis 

mixedviT maswavleblis mier miwodebul sqemaSi (magaliTd: 

94

'extensive' - ra kiTxvas upasuxebs? metyvelebis ra nawilia? 

Zireulia Tu warmoqmnili? da a. S.) 

– qmnian asociaciur rukas (ixseneben im sityvebs an gamoTqmebs, 

romlebsac asociaciurad ukavSireben axal sityvebs); 

– usmenen da/an uyureben audio-vizualur masalas, romelic axal 

sityvebs Seicavs; 

– ixilaven am sityvebis mniSvnelobis SesaZlo cvlilebebs sxvadasxva 

konteqstSi; 

– leqsikis gamdidrebaze muSaoba grZeldeba rogorc uSualod 

kiTxvis, ise kiTxvis Semdgom etapzec. 

aqtivobebis dagegmvis dros mxedvelobaSia misaRebi agreTve 

fsiqologiuri faqtori. teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciebis 

miRwevisTvis aqtivobebis SerCevis principebia: 

– swavlis mizanTan Sesabamisoba; 

– teqstebze muSaobisadmi interesi; 

– teqstebze muSaobis motivacia; 

– teqstis gagebis xarisxis amaRleba. 

aqtivoba: `vici - minda vicode – viswavle“: imisaTvis, rom gavigoT, 

TemasTan dakavSirebiT ra codnasa da gamocdilebas flobs studenti, 

davadginoT misi fonuri codna da movaxdinoT misi codnis doneze 

dakvirveba, sasurvelia gamoviyenoT strategia `vici - minda vicode – 

viswavle“. es strategia aaqtiurebs studentis fonur codnas; amzadebs 

mas teqstis gaazrebisaTvis, aviTarebs kiTxvis dasmis unar-Cvevebs; 

gviCvenebs, ra aris mocemul teqstSi studentisaTvis mniSvnelovani; 

gviCvenebs, ra iswavla man am teqstiT; aZlierebs teqstis kiTxvisa da 

masze muSaobis motivacias;aviTarebs weriTi metyvelebis unar-Cvevebs. 

vici minda vicode viswavle 

es strategia SeiZleba gamoviyenoT ucxouri enis an sxva 

specialobis leqciaze rogorc mTel jgufTan, ise individualuri 

muSaobisas. 

95

mas Semdeg, rac maswavlebeli acnobs studentebs teqstis Temas, 

isini ixseneben da pirvel grafaSi weren yvelafers, rac ician, an 

hgoniaT, rom ician mocemuli sakiTxis Sesaxeb; meore grafaSi weren 

SekiTxvebs imis Sesaxeb, ris gagebac ainteresebT am sakiTxis Sesaxeb. 

maswavlebeli studentebs awvdis teqsts: 

Hemingway's legacy to American literature is his style: writers who came after 

him emulated it or avoided it. After his reputation was sealed with the publication 

of The Sun Also Rises, he became the spokesperson for the post-World War I 

generation, having established a style to follow. His books were burned in Berlin 

in 1933, "as being a monument of modern decadence", and disavowed by his 

parents as "filth" . Reynolds asserts the legacy is that "he left stories and novels so 

starkly moving that some have become part of our cultural heritage." In a 2004 

speech at the John F. Kennedy Library, Russell Banks declared that he, like many 

male writers of his generation, was influenced by Hemingway's writing 

philosophy, style, and public image. Conversely, as early as the 1930s 

Hemingway's style was parodied, and criticized as "lazy" within the context of the 

"American literary tradition." (internetresursi # 14) 

kiTxvis dasrulebis Semdeg studentebi avseben sqemis mesame grafas. 

àrgumentaciis CarCos“ farglebSi literaturis gakveTilze moswavleebi 

SekiTxvebs pasuxoben. studentebTan argumentaciis CarCo imisaTvis 

SeiZleba gamoviyenoT, rom davexmaroT teqstis SejamebaSi. maswavlebeli 

awvdis jgufs argumentaciis CarCos mixedviT Sedgenil SekiTxvebs da 

studentebs sTxovs, zepiri pasuxebi teqstis safuZvelze moamzadon. 

– romelia mTavari mtkicebuleba an argumenti? 

– ra informacias mivyavarT argumentamde? 

– ra magaliTebi an ganmartebebia warmodgenili argumentis 

gasamyareblad? 

– ra daTmobebi keTdeba argumentTan dakavSirebiT? 

mas Semdeg, rac yvela studenti argumentaciis CarCoSi 

warmodgenil SekiTxvebze ayalibebs werilobiT pasuxs, leqtori 

96

studentebs jgufebSi anawilebs. isini adareben TavianT pasuxebs da 

aanalizeben teqsts. 

enis swavlebas sxvadasxva Janris nawarmoebebis gamoyenebiT 

gansxvavebuli meTodi sWirdeba. gasaTvaliswinebelia drois faqtori, 

rac, umetes SemTxvevaSi, ar gvaZlevs saSualebas amomwuravi informacia 

mivawodoT msmenels dadgenil akademiur saaTSi. ucxouri enis 

SemswavlelTa drois umetes nawils swored damoukidebeli, 

arasaauditorio muSaoba moicavs. zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, 

mcire zomis mxatvruli nawarmoebebi, albaT, yvelaze misaRebia ucxouri 

enis gakveTilze dasamuSaveblad. aRsaniSnavia, rom novelas (short-story) 

cnobili amerikeli mwerali edgar alan po ganmartavda, rogorc 

nawarmoebs, romlis wasakiTxad sakmarisia naxevari saaTidan erT 

saaTamde dro, rac dadebiTad aisaxeba erTiani efeqtis Seqmnaze. uiliam 

folkneris azriT, `novela iseve iqmneba, rogorc wigni. xelovani apirebs 

giamboT rac SeiZleba swrafad da gasagebad da Tuki kargi mweralia, 

pirvelxarisxovani mwerali Cexovis msgavsad, amas yovelTvis moaxerxebs 

ori, sami aTasi sityviT, magram Tuki aseTi ver aris, ormoci aTasi 

sityvac ki SeiZleba dasWirdes. mwerali mxolod imas cdilobs, rac 

SeiZleba mokled moyves marTali da SemZvreli ambavi da mere _ Tuki 

sakmarisi Zala aRmoaCndeba _ SeCerdes…..~ (folkneri 1984:99) 

vrceli formis nawarmoebebTan muSaobis dros erT-erTi 

popularuli meTodia orientirebuli kiTxva, radgan is monakveTebad 

dayofil teqstTan muSaobas gulisxmobs da kiTxvis samive fazas moicavs 

(1.wakiTxvamde; 2.kiTxvis dros; 3.wakiTxvis Semdeg). pirvel fazaSi 

maswavlebeli aqtiur rols asrulebs, raTa studentebi saTanadod 

moamzados kiTxvis dasawyebad. am fazaSi studentebi aaqtiureben winare 

codnas, ganixilaven teqstis mniSvnelovan leqsikur erTeulebs (sityvebs, 

cnebebs, terminebs), ayalibeben teqstis wakiTxvis mizans, daniSnulebas 

da, demonstrirebisa da praqtikuli varjiSis gziT, iviTareben efeqturi 

kiTxvisa da gagebisaTvis saWiro unarebs. kiTxvis procesSi, 

maswavleblis mier dasmuli SekiTxvebis gamoyenebiT, studentebi 

cdiloben, gaakontrolon teqstis gagebis done. am fazaSi studentebi 

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mimarTaven gagebisaTvis saWiro iseT qmedebebs, rogoricaa: wakiTxulis 

Sejameba, daskvnebis gamotana, SekiTxvebis dasma, varaudis gamoTqma da a. 

S. aseve, moswavleebi cdiloben, gaarkvion, Tu ra ver gaiges saTanadod 

da rogor aris SesaZlebeli warmoqmnili xarvezebis daZleva. wakiTxvis 

Semdeg maswavlebeli uZRveba diskusias, romelic mocemuli teqstis 

wakiTxvis Tavdapirvel mizanzea fokusirebuli. 

orientirebuli kiTxvis meTodi moiazrebs Semdegi ZiriTadi 

safexurebis gavlas: 

1. Sesavali: 

– ra iciT am sakiTxis/Temis Sesaxeb? 

2. varaudebis gamoTqma: 

– ras geubnebaT saTauri? ras Seexeba es teqsti? ratom fiqrobT ase? 

– ras geubnebaT ydaze da/an teqstSi mocemuli ilustraciebi? 

– ras mogviTxrobs es teqsti? ratom fiqrobT ase? 

3. varaudebis dadastureba an modificireba: 

– axla ras fiqrobT? ras grZnobT? ratom gagiCndaT es azri/gancda? 

– SegiZliaT Tqveni varaudebis dadastureba? xom ar SecvliT 

varaudebs? 

– ra moxdeba amis Semdeg? ratom fiqrobT ase? 

4. gaazreba/refleqsia: 

– teqstis romeli adgilebis moSveliebiT SegiZliaT Tqveni 

varaudebis dadastureba? 

– teqstis romeli adgilebis wakiTxvis Sedegad SeitaneT cvlilebebi 

Tqvens varaudebSi? 

orientirebuli kiTxva ramdenime daniSnulebiT gamoiyeneba, kerZod: 

– moswavle iazrebs sityvebis mniSvnelobas da cdilobs maT Soris 

kavSiris gabmas; 

– moswavle aaqtiurebs winare codnas teqstis sakvanZo TemasTan da 

ZiriTad sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT; 

– moswavle gaavarjiSebs kiTxvisa da gagebis sabaziso unarebs 

(varaudis gamoTqma, Sejameba, SekiTxvebis dasma da sxv.); 

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– moswavle eCveva teqstis wakiTxvis miznis Camoyalibebas kiTxvis 

dawyebamde; 

– moswavle swavlobs, Tu rogor miadevnos Tvalyuri gagebis 

process da rogor gadaWras gaazrebis dros wamoWrili 

problemebi. 

orientirebuli kiTxva xels uwyobs studentebs, ukeT gaiazron da 

siRrmiseulad daamuSaon naratiuli (TxrobiTi) teqstebi. aRniSnuli 

meTodis gamoyenebisas, maT uviTardebaT kritikuli azrovneba _ isini 

swavloben kiTxvebis dasmas, varaudebis gamoTqmas da argumentirebul 

msjelobas. orientirebuli kiTxvis meTodi maswavlebels saSualebas 

aZlevs, daexmaros yvela donis students nebismieri sirTulis teqstis 

gaazrebasa da damuSavebaSi, yuradRebisa da interesis SenarCunebaSi, 

raTa teqstis kiTxvis mTeli procesis ganmavlobaSi moswavle bolomde 

gatacebul mkiTxvelad darCes. orientirebuli kiTxvis meTodi miznad 

isaxavs studentTa aqtiur CarTvas kiTxvis procesSi, interesis aRZvras, 

zneobriv-esTetikur RirebulebaTa Camoyalibebas. students SeuZlia, 

kritikulad aRiqvas, gaaanalizos masala, ganixilos misi Rirseba da 

mniSvneloba. orientirebuli kiTxvis meTodi saSualebas iZleva, rom 

mivaRwioT Semdeg Sedegs: 

– studenti damoukideblad kiTxulobs da adekvaturad aRiqvams 

sxvadasxva saxis teqsts, gadmoscems maT Sinaarss; 

– gamoxatavs sakuTar damokidebulebas wakiTxulis mimarT; 

– avlens eTikuri da esTetikuri Sefasebis survils; 

– konkretuli sakiTxis dasamuSaveblad, iyenebs sxvadasxva 

strategias; 

– Txzavs da werilobiT gadmoscems sxvadasxva tipis mcire zomis 

teqsts; 

– avlens TviTgamoxatvis survils. 

SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis 2009-2010 ww. 

inglisuri enisa da literaturis specialobis meoTxe kursis 

studentebisTvis (40 studenti) interpretaciis swavlebis meToduri 

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aspeqtebis dasadgenad, gamoviyeneT monakveTi e. doqtorous romanidan 

`regTaimi“ (ixileT danarTi # 2). 

studentebs gavacaniT miTiTeba (instruqcia), rom gamoviyenebdiT 

`varaudebis sqemas~. dafaze gavakariT winaswar daxazuli `varaudebis 

sqema~, avxseniT, ras niSnavs is da rogor unda imuSaon masze. 

saTauris 

wakiTxvis Semdeg 

pirveli 

monakveTis 


meore monakveTis 


mesame monakveTis 


rogor fiqrobT, 

ra moxdeba? 

ratom fiqrobT 

ase? 

varaudebis sqema 

sinamdvileSi ra 

moxda? 

studentebs vkiTxeT, Tu ra icodnen `regTaimis~ Sesaxeb. Semdeg 

mivawodeT „regTamis~ ganmarteba. regTaimi (ingl. 'regtime'; 'reg' - nawyveti da 

'time' - dro, tempi, taqti) 1. amerikel zangTa sacekvao musikis forma, 

romelic Camoyalibda me-19 saukunis meore naxevarSi; jazis erT-erTi 

winamorbedi. 2. amerikuli salonuri da samejliso (wyvilTa) cekva. 

studentebs vTxoveT moewodebinaT mosazrebebi _ teqstis 

saTauridan gamomdinare, ra molodini hqondaT teqstis mimarT. 

teqsti winaswar davyaviT ramdenime nawilad. mniSvnelovania, rom 

teqsti gawydes sakvanZo sakiTxebTan, raTa studentebma Semdeg monakveTSi 

mocemuli siuJetis Sesaxeb gamoTqvan varaudi. studentebs ganvumarteT, 

rom teqsti nawil-nawil unda waikiTxon da yoveli nawilis Semdeg 

mouwevT SeCereba. avuxseniT, rom am pirobis dacva Zalian mniSvnelovania, 

radgan, erTis mxriv, unda gaiazron ukve wakiTxuli monakveTi, axsnan 

gaugebari sityvebi, Seecadon, sakuTari sityvebiT gadmoscen Sinaarsi, 

dasvan kiTxvebi wakiTxulis irgvliv, gascen pasuxebi maswavleblis mier 

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dasmul kiTxvebs da, meores mxriv, gamoTqvan varaudebi momdevno nawilis 

Sesaxeb. 

aqtivoba `leqsikuri erTeulebiT ambis Sedgena~. gTavazobT 

gamocdilebis aRweras: 

I faza – gamowveva: 

SevarCieT teqstidan 4-5 sityva (fraza), romlebic amovkrifeT 

SeZlebisdagvarad zusti varaudebis misaniSneblad. One afternoon; a new 

model T-Ford; to find a particular address; a Negro; the woman in the attic. CamovwereT 

es sityvebi dafaze da vTxoveT studentebs, am sityvebis gamoyenebiT, 5 

wT-is ganmavlobaSi SeeTxzaT mokle moTxroba da SeerCiaT saTauri. 

studentebi muSaobdnen jgufurad. TiToeulma jgufma airCia 

warmomadgeneli, romelsac daevala jgufis namuSevris wardgena. 

II faza – Sinaarsis realizeba 

amis Semdeg studentebs mivawodeT nawarmoebis pirveli monakveTi. 

One afternoon, a Sunday, a new model T-Ford slowly came up the hill and went 

past the house. The boy, who happened to see it from the porch, ran down the 

steps and stood on the sidewalk. The driver was looking right and left as if trying 

to find a particular address; he turned the car around at the comer and came 

back. Pulling up before the boy, he idled his throttle and beckoned with a gloved 

hand. He was a Negro. His car shone. The brightwork gleamed... I am looking for 

a young woman of color whose name is Sarah, he said. She is said to reside in 

one of these houses. The boy realized he meant the woman in the attic. Site's 

here. The man switched off the motor, set the brake and jumped down 

(internetresursi # 31). 

kiTxvis dasrulebis Semdeg movismineT studentTa gamoxmaureba 

wakiTxulis Sesaxeb. davsviT SekiTxvebi diskusiisTvis: 

– ras fiqrobT wakiTxulis Sesaxeb? ras grZnobT? 

– ra grZnoba dageuflaT, rodesac Tqveni varaudi gamarTlda? (an, 

piriqiT, ar gamarTlda) 

– riT hgavs da riT gansxvavdeba nawarmoebi Tqven mier Seqmnili 

Txzulebisagan? 

101

– ra aris nawarmoebis `dedaazri~? 

– Tqven rom avtori iyoT, rogor ganagrZobdiT? (an rogor 

daasrulebdiT nawarmoebs?) 

III faza – refleqsia: rogor vapireb teqstebze damoukidebelad 

muSaobas gacnobili aqtivobis gamoyenebiT. 

studentebs mivawodeT nawarmoebis meore logikuri monakveTi. 

nawarmoebis yovel axal monakveTze muSaobis dros icvleboda jgufebis 

prezentatorebi, ramac saSualeba mogvca yvela moswavle CagverTo 

diskusiaSi da migveca maTTvis prezentaciis gakeTebis SesaZleblobas. 

interpretaciis swavlebis meTodur aspeqtebSi aqtualuria 

enobrivi pirovnebis formirebis problemebi, romelsac n. karaulovi 

ganixilavs rogorc „sametyvelo nawarmoebebis Seqmnis unaris 

erTobliobas“ (Караулов 1987:245). rogorc Catarebuli eqsperimentebis 

Sedegebi aCvenebs, moswavleTa interpretaciis kompetenciis done unda 

gavaanalizoT enobrivi pirovnebis struqturidan gamomdinare, romelSic 

i. n. karaulovma gamoyo verbalur–semantikuri, leqsikuri da 

samotivacio doneebi. 

interpretaciis swavlebis procesi ganixileba, rogorc 

maswavleblis mier dagegmil qmedebaTa Tanamimdevroba: teqstamdeli 

aqtivoba (Sinaarsis prognozireba), teqstis kiTxva da misi emociur– 

asociaciuri aRqma, Temis da teqstis Sinaarsis gageba, daskvnis gakeTeba. 

swavlebis etapebis mixedviT xorcieldeba swavlebis meTodebisa da 

xerxebis arCeva, Sesabamisad, igegmeba moswavleTa aqtivobis saxeebi. 

interpretaciuli kompetenciis Camoyalibeba xdeba rigi 

savarjiSoebis SesrulebiT, romlebic SeiZleba daiyos or jgufad. 

pirveli bloki ayalibebs reproduqciuli saxis davalebebs. 1. mozaika - 

sxvadasxva teqstebidan erTi avtoris mier dawerili teqstebis amorCeva; 

teqstebis avtorTa raodenobis dadgena da a. S. 2. produqtiuli - 

induqciuri da deduqciuri meTodis demonstrirebis formiT. mocemuli 

Tezisis safuZvelze mtkicebulebis sakuTari sistemis ageba; mocemuli 

terminisaTvis ganmartebis Sedgena; mocemuli problemis Sesaxeb 

referatis, moxsenebis momzadeba. 

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tradiciulad, teqstis zogadi Temis gaazrebisas, studentebi 

orientacias iReben SekiTxvebze, romelsac maT leqtori usvams. Cveni 

azriT, interpretaciuli aqtivobis azri mdgomareobs imaSi, rom 

aswavlos studentebs damoukideblad awarmoon dialogi teqstTan. am 

mizniT, maT sTavazoben wyvilebSi Camoayalibon nebismieri SekiTxa, 

romelic mizanmimarTulia teqstis gagebaze. samuSaos Sedegebis 

gaxmovanebisas leqtori yofs am SekiTxvebs or jgufad: 1. Sinaarsobriv– 

faqtobrivi informaciis gamosavleni; 2. qveteqstis da konceptualuri 

informaciis gamosavleni. SekiTxvebis pirveli jgufi (rogor? ratom? ra 

mizniT?) mizanmimarTulia teqstSi gamoyenebuli enobrivi saSualebebis 

da avtoris komunikaciuri miznebis kanonzomierebis Ziebaze. maT 

sapasuxod aucilebelia mxatvruli teqstis lingvopragmatuli analizis 

ganxorcieleba. 

kiTxva-pasuxis instruqcias SeuZlia gaaumjobesos wakiTxulis 

damaxsovrebis, teqstSi informaciis moZiebisa da teqstis ufro Rrmad 

damuSavebis unari. 

kiTxva-pasuxis urTierTdamokidebulebas SeuZlia daexmaros 

studentebs, imsjelon informaciaze da gamoiyenon teqstidan informacia 

da TavianTi personaluri codna, roca wakiTxuli teqstis Sesaxeb 

kiTxvebs pasuxoben. SekiTxvebi Semdegi saxisaa: 

1. pasuxebi moipoveba teqstis erT-erT winadadebaSi; 

2. pasuxebi teqstis sxvadasxva paragrafSia gabneuli; 

3. kiTxvis pasuxi teqstSi pirdapir araa formulirebuli. mkiTxvelma 

pasuxi teqstis mTliani Sinaarsis gaazrebiT unda gasces; 

4. `me TviTon“ _ pasuxebi mkiTxvelis pirad gamocdilebas da 

dagrovil codnas eyrdnoba. 

aseTi tipis SekiTxvebi SeiZleba sasargeblo iyos sxvadasxva donis 

studentisTvis. `saSualo da saSualoze dabali donis mkiTxvelebisTvis 

Zalian sasargebloa, roca maT sTxoven upasuxon pirveli sami saxis 

SekiTxvas. maTTvis naklebad gamosadegia meoTxe saxis SekiTxva _ `me 

TviTon“, romelic Temis Sesaxeb ufro met kvalificirebul codnas 

moiTxovs. efeqti sawinaaRmdegoa maRali SesaZleblobis studentebTan, 

romelTaTvis meoTxe SekiTxva (`me TviTon“) sasargeblo instrumentad 

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iqca, raTa mniSvnelovani kavSirebi daemyarebinaT teqstsa da maT 

SedarebiT farTo codnis safuZvels Soris. SekiTxvebze damoukideblad 

pasuxebis gacemas maTTvis udidesi sargebloba moaqvs. am teqnikis 

Sedegebi didi xnis ganmavlobaSi iCenen Tavs da isini efeqturia rogorc 

TxrobiTi, ise ganmartebiTi teqstebisaTvis“ (marzano 2009:40). 

ganaTlebis sferoSi Catarebuli kvlevebi aCvenebs, rom 

studentebisTvis analitikuri SekiTxvebis dasma gacilebiT sasargebloa, 

vidre faqtobrivi SekiTxvebis dasma. analitikuria SekiTxvebi, romlebic 

studentebis mxridan analizis unaris gamoyenebas moiTxovs, xolo 

faqtobrivi SekiTxvebi studentisagan pasuxis gasacemad mxolod 

konkretuli informaciis gaxsenebas moiTxovs. samwuxarod, praqtika 

gviCvenebs, rom studentebi, umetesad, faqtobriv SekiTxvebs svamen. 

analitikuri SekiTxvebis sxvadasxva ganmarteba arsebobs, magram yvela 

Tanxmdeba imaze, rom analitikuri SekiTxva studentisagan yovelTvis 

iTxovs informaciis restruqturizaciasa da codnis gamoyenebas. 

magaliTisTvis, warmovadgenT e. doqtorous roman `regTaimis” 

swavlebis farglebSi studentebis mier dasmul SekiTxvebs. 

Sinaarsobriv-faqtobrivi informaciis gamosavleni: 

– vin arian mTavari personaJebi da ra ganasxvavebs maT sxvebisagan? 

– sad da rodis xdeba nawarmoebSi ganviTarebuli moqmedeba? 

– riTi iwyeba moqmedeba nawarmoebSi? 

– rogor gamoxates personaJebma TavianTi grZnobebi? 

– risi gakeTeba gadawyvites mTavarma personaJebma? daisaxes mizani? 

Tu mizani daisaxes, raSi mdgomareobs is? 

– rogor cdilobdnen mTavari personaJebi, mieRwiaT TavianTi 

miznebisaTvis? 

– ra Sedegebi moitana mTavari personaJebis mcdelobam? 

Qqveteqstis da konceptualuri informaciis gamosavleni: 

– nawarmoebis dasawyisSi mTxrobeli ambobs, rom meoce saukunis 

dasawyisSi "There were no negroes. There were no immigrants" aris Tu ara 

es simarTle? ra SegiZliaT TqvaT nawarmoebSi istoriuli 

movlenebis aRweris sizustesTan dakavSirebiT? 

104

– ratom aqvT nawarmoebis zogierT personaJebs gazogadebuli 

saxelebi, magaliTad, Mother, Father, Mother's Younger Brother, xolo zogs 

ki _ sakuTari saxelebi, magaliTad, Coalhouse Walker, Jr.? ratom arCia 

avtorma personaJebis dasaxelebis es gza? aris Tu ara es 

mkiTxvelze zemoqmedebis saSualeba? 

– ratom daasaTaura avtorma nawarmoebi, rogorc „regTaimi~? 

rogoria regTaimis musika? ra literaturul xerxebs iyenebs 

avtori regTaimis musikis asaRwerad? 

verbalur–semantikuri donis mixedviT, interpretaciis swavlebis 

meTodikis bazisad aRebulia problemuri swavlebis Teoria _ vigotski 

(Выгодский 1952), matiuSkini (Матюшкин 1972), vudi (Wood 2003), axvlediani 

2007, janaSia 2008. problemur swavlebaSi igulisxmeba saswavlo procesis 

iseTi organizeba, romelic gulisxmobs maswavleblis mier problemuri 

situaciis aRweras da moswavleTa aqtiur qmedebas mis gadasaWrelad. m. 

i. maxmutova (Махмутов 1975), a. lerneri (Лернер..1975), m. skatkini (Скаткин 

1975) Tvlian mizanSewonilad swavlebis produqtiul meTodebs: 

evristikuls da kvleviTs, da agreTve problemuri Txzulebis meTods, 

romelic didaqtikaSi gardamaval jgufs miekuTvneba, radganac 

gulisxmobs rogorc mza informaciis miRebas, agreTve SemoqmedebiTi 

saqmianobis elementebsac. interpretaciis aqtivobis pirvel doneze 

studentebi ayalibeben sxvadasxva hipoTezas teqstis ideuri Sinarsis 

Sesaxeb. Semdeg, teqstze dayrdnobiT, axdenen hipoTezis damtkicebas an 

uaryofas. mizanSewonilia evristikuli meTodis gamoyeneba, romlis dros 

„maswavlebeli organizebas uwevs studentebs“ (Болотнова 2006:167). 

studentebi asruleben davalebas wyvilebSi, jgufebSi evristikuli 

saubrebis, msjelobis gamoyenebiT. Sedegebi aisaxeba tabulaSi „teqstis 

leqsikuri makrostruqtura“, romelic Seicavs regulirebad 

mikrostruqturas, mikroTemas, maregulirebel saSualebebs, mikromizans. 

teqstis maregulirebel mikrostruqturebs safuZvlad udevs teqstis 

komunikaciuri strategiis farglebSi mkiTxvelis mier teqstis 

mikromiznis gaTviTcnobiereba. maregulirebeli saSualebebis gamoyofa 

xdeba teqstis elementebis (sakvanZo sityvebi, gamoTqmebi) funqciis 

safuZvelze. 

105

e. doqtorous romanis _ `regTaimis“ swavlebis farglebSi 

ganvaxorcieleT teqstis lingvopragmatul analizTan dakavSirebuli 

Semdegi aqtivobebi: 

1. SevadgineT teqstis tipologiuri analizis sqema da masSi movniSneT 

metyvelebis TiToeuli tipi. 

2. tipologiur sqemasa da sityvebis Tematur jgufebze dayrdnobiT, 

teqstSi gamovyaviT mikroTemebi, gavaanalizeT TiToeuli mikroTemis 

roli teqstis zogadi Temis ganviTarebaSi. 

3. vipoveT sakvanZo sityvebi da gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebi teqstur 

mikrostruqturebSi. avxseniT maTi gamoyenebis mizani, maTi emociuri 

datvirTva, SevadareT isini avtoris mikromiznebs. 

4. ganvsazRvreT, teqstis romeli mikrostruqtura (sakvanZo sityvebi, 

gamoTqmebi) aris dominanturi, anu yvelaze mniSvnelovani teqstis 

gasaTvicnobiereblad. 

5. ganvsazRvreT dominanturi leqsikuri struqturis konceptualuri 

mniSvneloba. rogoraa dakavSirebuli mocemuli koncepti avtoris 

mier sxva mikrostruqturebSi verbalizebul konceptebTan? avageT 

sqema, romelic asaxavs teqstis konceptualur struqturas da 

ganvsazRvreT konceptebis urTierTkavSiri da 

urTierTdamokidebuleba. 

6. ganvsazRvreT teqstis hiperkoncepti, anu teqstis ZiriTadi 

problemis gasagebad aucilebeli sakvanZo koncepti. amisaTvis 

gavaanalizeT, Tu rogor iyo es problema (filosofiuri, 

zneobrivi kuTxiT) dasmuli da gadaWrili CvenTvis cnobil sxva 

nawarmoebebSi. gavaanalizeT nawarmoebis hiperkonceptis 

Tavisebureba. 

7. lingvopragmatuli analizis procesSi teqstis leqsikuri 

mikrostruqturis Sevsebis Semdeg CamovayalibeT daskvna. 

amrigad, teqstis Teoriis da teqstis, rogorc komunikaciis 

formis, gaazrebiT, studentebi daeuflnen avtoris komunikaciuri 

miznebisa da teqstis siRrmiseuli azris gagebis unar-Cvevebs. 

teqstis interpretaciis SemoTavazebuli sistema mizanmimarTulia 

interpretaciuli kompetenciis formirebaze, rac moicavs: 1) teqstis 

106

emociuri tonalobis SegrZnebas; 2) mwerlis enobrivi Taviseburebebis 

analizs; 3) teqstis zedapirul da siRrmiseuli wvdomas; 4) sakuTari 

damokidebulebis gamoxatvas. 

produqtiuli teqstis bazisi aris misi Sinaarsobrivi mTlianoba 

da sisrule. aRqmis kompetenciis uzrunvelyofa xdeba sxvadasxva tipis 

kompoziciuri, teqstobrivi struqturebis, sityvaTSeTanxmebebis da 

winadadebebis erT mTlian konteqstSi moqceviT. `zepirmetyvelebis aRqma 

moicavs sensorul, percepciul da Sinaarsobriv etapebs“ (Рапцевич 

2005:80). mosmenis efeqturoba damokidebulia, upirveles yovlisa, 

mosaubris sametyvelo SesaZleblobebze da agreTve, msmenelis mzaobaze 

gaigos zepiri metyveleba. 

2.2.4 teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciebis 

ganmaviTarebeli aqtivobebi. mimarTuleba - wera da saubari. 

qvemoT mocemulia sxvadasxva aqtovoba, romlebic mizanmimarTulia 

studentebSi teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciebis Camoyalibebasa da 

ganviTarebaze. 

2010 wlis seqtemberSi norvegiis qalaq bergenSi gamarTul 

seminarze ìnformaciuli wignierebis xelSewyoba evropul saklaso 

oTaxebSi – rogor vascavloT Google Taobas _ gamowvevebi maswavleblebsa 

da ganmanaTleblebs“ berZnul-amerikuli saganmanaTleblo fondis 

biblioTekebis direqtorma, aleqsandra papazugloum, moswavlis wignTan 

daaxloebis meTodebi ganixila. man saberZneTis magaliTi moiyvana, sadac 

skolebSi mozardebi adreuli asakidan iwyeben informaciuli wignierebis 

kurss. `maT eZlevaT davaleba rom garkveul sagnebSi moamzadon 

prezentaciebi da proeqtebi, romelTa momzadebisas aucileblad unda 

gamoiyenon sabiblioTeko resursebi, interneti da eleqtronuli wignebi. 

prezentaciis dros dauSvebelia citatebis gakeTeba. moswavlem 

yvelaferi sakuTari sityvebiT unda aRweros~ (qarsauliZe 2010:36). 

aqtivoba: `daxasiaTebis sqemebi“. 

es aqtivoba exmareba studentebs gansazRvron wakiTxuli teqstis 

mniSvnelovani, arsebiTi momentebi _ TemasTan, ZiriTad ideebTan, 

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personaJTa xasiaTebTan, qmedebebTan dakavSirebuli epizodebi. leqtori 

studentebs exmareba am adgilebis aRmniSvneli pirobiTi niSnebis 

SemuSavebasa da maT kategorizaciaSi, amisaTvis studentebs mivawodeT 

sxvadasxva saxis sqema/diagrama. 

1. teqstis wakiTxvis Semdeg studentebma gansazRvres sul mcire sami 

niSani, romelTa mixedviTac unda daxasiaTdes konkretuli 

Tema/problema/personaJi; 

2. moniSnes teqstSi is adgilebi (sityva/fraza/abzaci), romlebic 

Temis/problemis/personaJis warmoCenas emsaxureba; 

3. moniSnuli adgilebidan airCies, maTi azriT, yvelaze arsebiTi da 

mniSvnelovani da Caweres winaswar gansazRvruli grafis qveS; 

4. mewyvilesTan azris gaziarebis safuZvelze Camoayalibes erTiani 

sqema. 

Semdegi tipis savarjiSo exmareba studentebs weris formaluri 

stilis CamoyalibebaSi. gamoviyeneT uiliam goldingis romani `buzTa 

batoni”. studentebma Seadgines personaJis Sesaxeb mokle angariSi, 

romelSic aisaxa: 

1. personaJebi _ nawarmoebis mTavar personaJTa maxasiaTeblebi; 

2. garemo _ dro, adgili da konteqsti, romelSic moqmedeba xdeba; 

3. moqmedebis inicireba _ movlena, romelic iwyebs nawarmoebSi 

ganviTarebul siuJets; 

4. Sida pasuxi _ rogori emociuri reaqcia aqvT mTavar personaJebs 

movlenaze, romelic nawarmoebSi ganviTarebul siuJets iwyebs; 

5. mizani _ ris gakeTebas gadawyveten mTavari personaJebi nawarmoebis 

siuJetis inicirebis movlenis Semdeg (mizani, romelsac personaJebi 

daisaxaven); 

6. Sedegi _ rogor cdiloben mTavari personaJebi Sedegis miRwevas; 

7. gadawyveta _ ra mosdis mTavari peronaJis mier dasaxul mizans. 

gTavazobT pasuxebis nimuSs. 

108

Ralph 

Physical: Ralph has "fair hair" and is about twelve years old. He might make a 

boxer, as far as width and heaviness of shoulders went, but there is a mildness 

about his mouth and eyes that proclaim no devil. 

Involvement: Ralph is somewhat charismatic and is chosen for chief, who makes 

it his job to lay down rules and try to organize a society. Throughout the novel he 

is always in conflict with Jack, who wants to be chief himself. 

(internetresursi # 39) 

Jack 

Physical: Probably the same age as Ralph, maybe older, Jack has red hair. 

Involvement: Jack does not believe that the Beast exists and is the leader of 

anarchy on the island. From the start of the novel he does not like abiding by 

rules of any kind. He simply wants to hunt and have a good time. 

(internetresursi # 40) 

Piggy 

Physical: He is probably close in age to Jack and Ralph. Piggy is shorter than 

Ralph, very fat as the name suggests, wears glasses, and has asthma which 

disables him to do any work on the island. 

Involvement: He is much like Ralph in that he knows right from wrong, but he 

differs in that he never strays from this knowledge as Ralph sometimes does. 

Always supporting Ralph, he is the most intelligent of the lot. 

(internetresursi # 41). 

aqtivoba `partnioroba kiTxvis procesSi“. es modeli 

emsaxureba teqstis detalebze yuradRebis miqcevas da studentebis 

zepiri gadmocemis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas. Tu partniorebi sxvadasxva 

donis studentebi iqnebian, isini erTmaneTis mxardaWeriT ganaviTareben 

saTanado unarebs. saqmianobis Tanmimdevroba aseTia: 

1. studentebi wyvildebian; 

2. kiTxvis procesSi akeTeben sakuTari reaqciis amsaxvel Canawers 

(magaliTad, am adgilma gansakuTrebiT miiqcia Cemi yuradReba, 

radgan...); 

109

3. partniorebi cvlian Canawerebs da kiTxuloben erTmaneTis 

komentarebs; 

4. ayalibeben SekiTxvebs, romlebic teqstisa da komentarebis wakiTxvis 

Semdeg gauCndaT; 

5. cvlian SekiTxvebs erTmaneTSi. jer erTi pasuxobs partnioris 

kiTxvebs, Semdeg _ meore. 

teqstis gagebis strategiebi mniSvnelovania mkiTxvelisaTvis. 

mTavari is aris, rom studentebi, romlebic individualur SemecnebiT 

strategiebSi aqtiurad arian CarTulni (naswavlis aqtivacia, 

winaswarmetyveleba, organizeba, SekiTxvebi, daskvnebis gakeTeba, 

gonebrivi ieriSis Seqmna), savaraudod, wakiTxulidan metis gagebas da 

gaxsenebas SeZleben. imisaTvis, rom studentebi gagebis strategiebs 

Caswvdnen, yvelaze mniSvnelovani, instruqciuli teqnikaa, romelsac 

maswavleblebi iyeneben. strategiis instruqciis modelebis umetesoba 

deklaraciul codnas, procedurul codnas da pirobiT codnas 

aerTianebs. 

teqstebze muSaobis aqtivobebTan dakavSirebiT, sayuradReboa Seron 

versteris kvlevebi. versterma teqstebTan mimarTebiT Semoitana cneba 

"DARTs" (Directed Activities Related to Texts), anu UuSualod teqstebze 

mimarTuli aqtivobebi. isini studentebs teqstisadmi urTierTqmedebis 

saSualebas aZleven. am saxis aqtivobebis mTavari mizania kiTxvis donis 

amaRleba da mkiTxvelis, rogorc kritikulad moazrovne pirovnebis 

Camoyalibeba. isini SesaZloa ganxorcieldes individualuri an jgufuri 

muSaobis pirobebSi. magaliTad, rekonstruqciuli aqtivobebi. maT 

farglebSi studenti axdens teqstis rekonstruirebas, diagramebis 

Sedgenas, teqstSi gamotovebuli sityvebis, frazebis an winadadebebis 

Casmas, winadadebebis dalagebas Tanmimdevrobis mixedviT. 

modificirebuli teqstebis SemTxvevaSi, maswavlebeli iyenebs 

originalur teqsts, iRebs calkeul sityvebs, frazebs an winadadebebs; 

frazebs an mTlian teqsts anawevrebs segmentebad. am aqtivobebis saxeebia: 

– teqstis dasruleba (gamotovebuli sityvebis, frazebis, 

winadadebebis Casma); 

110

– Tanmimdevroba (teqstis segmentebis logikuri TanamimdevrobiT 

dalageba); 

– dajgufeba (teqstis segmentebis dawyoba kategoriebis mixedviT); 

– cxrilis dasruleba (cxrilebSi svetebis da rigebis dasaTaureba 

an dasaTaurebuli svetebis da rigebis Sevseba); 

– diagramis dasruleba (dausrulebeli diagramis dasruleba an 

dasrulebuli diagramis dasaTaureba); 

– winaswarmetyveleba (teqstis momdevno nawilis dawera an teqstis 

dasruleba). 

teqstis analizis aqtivobebis farglebSi studentebi informacias 

moipoveben da axarisxeben cxrilebis an diagramis saxiT. aqtivobebis 

saxeebia: 

– teqstis moniSvna (teqstSi mniSvnelovani informaciis povna); 

– teqstis segmentacia da dasaTaureba (teqstis logikur nawilebad 

daSla da am nawilebis dasaTaureba); 

– cxrilebis Sedgena (teqstSi mocemuli informaciis gamoyenebiT 

cxrilebis Sedgena da misi svetebisa da rigebis dasaTaureba); 

– diagramis Sedgena (teqstis asaxsnelad diagramis Sedgena); 

– kiTxvebi (maswavleblis mier dasmul kiTxvebze pasuxis gacema an 

teqstis irgvliv sakuTari kiTxvebis Sedgena); 

– teqstis reziumireba. 

"DART"–Tvis SesaZloa gamoviyenoT leqsebi, amonaridebi 

novelebidan an moTxrobebidan, istoriis, geografiis saswavlo 

masalidan monakveTebi, samecniero xasiaTis teqstebi. "DART"-is 

upiratesoba mdgomareobs SemdegSi: 

– is aumjobesebs kiTxvis teqnikas. studentebi ecnobian teqstebis 

struqturas; uyalibdebaT teqstebisadmi kritikuli 

damokidebuleba. isini iwyeben teqstSi mocemuli informaciis 

irgvliv SekiTxvebis dasmas; rodesac studenti flobs 

informacias teqstis struqturis Sesaxeb, es dadebiTad aisaxeba 

misi weris xarisxzec. 

– teqstebTan interaqcia aumjobesebs studentebis Semecnebis dones. 

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– SeiZleba resursebis gamoyeneba sxvadasxva saxelmZRvanelodan. 

inglisuri enis gakveTilze sxva sagnebis saxelmZRvaneloebidan 

aRebuli teqstebis gamoyeneba amzadebs moswavleebs sxva sagnebSi 

arsebuli informaciis aRsaqmelad; exmareba studentebs sxvadasxva 

saswavlo disciplinebSi gamoyenebuli struqturis aRqmaSi, 

magaliTad, venis diagramis dasruleba, cxrilebis Sevseba da a. S. 

– exmareba studentebs gamoiyenon informacia plagiatis gareSe. 

– exmareba studentebs grafikuli informaciis, diagramebisa da 

cxrilebis struqturaSi garkvevasa da maT damoukideblad 

SedgenaSi~ (internetresursi # 36). 

kritikuli wignierebis mimdevrebma _ alan liukma da piter 

fribodmა kiTxvis oTxwevriani paradigma SeimuSaves, romelic kritikuli 

wignierebis sxvadasxva dones eyrdnoba da moicavs teqstis dekodirebis, 

gagebis, gamoyenebis da Sefasebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas. `liukis da 

fribodis kritikuli wignierebis modeli Seicavs: 

1. dekodirebis unari, anu `me, rogorc teqstis gamSifvreli~: 

– rogor avxsni am teqsts? 

– ras efuZneba es teqsti? 

– ra saSualebebs an saSualebaTa kombinaciebia gamoyenebuli teqstSi? 

2. gamoyenebis unari, anu „me, rogorc teqstis momxmarebeli:~ 

– ra saxiT viyeneb me am teქsts aq da axla? 

– ras miiReben misgan sxvebi? 

3. gagebis unari, anu `me, rogorc teqstis monawile~: 

– rogor ukavSirdebian erTmaneTs ideebi am teqstSi? 

– romeli kulturologiuri resursebia gamoyenebuli teqstSi? 

– rogoria teqstis kulturologiuri mniSvneloba da SesaZlo 

interpretaciebi? 

4. Sefasebis unari, anu „me, rogorc kritikulad wignieri adamiani~: 

– rogori tipis, ra faseulobebis da interesebis mqone adamiani 

waikiTxavs am teqsts ubralod da bunebrivad? 

– vin wers? 

– ras moelian Cemgan am teqstis gacnobiT? 

112

– vis daainteresebs is? 

– vis poziciebs, Sexedulebebs da interesebs exeba teqsti? 

– visma mosazrebebma ar gaiJRera teqstSi? 

liukis da fribodis es modeli nebismier teqstTan muSaobis dros 

SeiZლeba gamoviyenoT, iqneba es esei, sagazeTo statia, oficialuri 

dokumenti, politikuri gancxadeba Tu reklama~ (templi 2007:34). 

aRsaniSnavia, rom teqstis Seqmnis mTavari mizania informaciis 

gadmocema. teqstSi faseulia, upirveles yovlisa, masSi gadmocemuli 

axali, MmniSvnelovani informacia. swored is aris teqstis 

informatulobis donis ganmsazRvreli. teqstebze orientirebuli 

swavlebis procesi dakavSirebulia rogorc imaze, Tu ra codnas iRebs 

pirovneba teqstidan, agreTve imazec, Tu ra codniT midis is teqstTan. 

mxatvruli, sagazeTo, samecniero-popularuli teqstebis avtorebi 

Cveulebriv, orientacias iReben e.w. saSualo mkiTxvelze (martivad rom 

vTqvaT, im adamianze, romelsac aTvisebuli aqvs saSualo skolis 

programa). magram cvalebadia TviT cneba „saSualo mkiTxvelis~ 

mniSvneloba. magaliTad, samecniero statiis avtori iRebs orientacias 

mocemuli dargis specialistze, romelic am avtorisTvis aris `saSualo 

mkiTxveli~. maSasadame, teqstSi arsebuli informaciis sargeblianobis 

donis gansazRvris dros orientacia unda aviRoT teqstis 

informatulobis xarisxis Sesabamisoba/Seusabamobaze mkiTxvelis 

donesTan. A am TvalsazrisiT, mkiTxvelebi iyofian sam jgufad: 

1. avtoris orientaciasTan SesabamisobaSi myofi, anu saSualo 

mkiTxvelis statusis mqone; 

2. saSualo mkiTxvelis codnis donis qvemoT myofi; 

3. mkiTxvelebi, romelTa leqsikuri maragi aWarbebs avtoris Tezariuss. 

naTelia, rom mesame jgufis mkiTxvelTaTvis teqstSi arsebuli 

sasargeblo informacia nulis tolfasi iqneba. mkiTxvelTa meore 

jgufisTvis rTuli iqneba teqstis aRqma. mas ar eyofa fonuri codna da 

misTvis informaciis aRqmis sargeblianoba mkveTrad Semcirdeba. pirveli 

jgufis mkiTxvelTaTvis ki informacia aRmoCndeba zomierad sasargeblo. 

dasawyisSi, aucilebelia, studentebs mivawodoT informacias imis 

Sesaxeb, rom dekodireba aris erTgvari amocnoba, magram ara spontanuri, 

113

aramed logikuri msjelobis Sedegi. gTavazobT masalas, romelic 

gamoviyeneT eqsperimentis dros studentebTan mcire moculobis 

teqstebis dekodirebisa da mTavari ideis amocnobis mizniT. teqstebs Tan 

erTvis studentebis pasuxebic. 

teqsti # 1 

"To be or not to be, that is the question," he would recite those famous words 

from his favorite playwright. He loved Hamlet, and Mac Beth, but his favorite 

had to be 'A Midsummer Night’s Dream' (internetresursi №30). 

daasaxeleT personaJis sayvareli dramaturgi. 

pasuxi: uiliam Seqspiri. swor pasuxze migviTiTebs teqstSi 

moyvanili gamoTqma tragedia `hamletidan“ _ "To be or not to be, that is the 

question", CamoTvlili personaJebi _ hamleti, makbeti. agreTve, Seqspiris 

erT-erTi komediis, "Midsummer Night’s Dream", dasaxeleba. 

teqsti #2 

Maria is watching too much television. A toddler shouldn’t be spending hours 

staring blankly at a screen. Worse yet, some of her wild behavior has been 

inspired by those awful cartoons she watches. We need to spend more time 

reading books with her and pull the plug on the TV! (internetresursi 

№30). 

qvemoT CamoTvlili versiebidan, romelia paragrafis mTavari idea? 

a. mariasTvis televizoris xangrZlivad yureba ar aris mizanSewonili; 

b. wignebis kiTxva sasargebloa; 

g. yvela multfilmi cudia; 

d. zogierTi multfilmis yureba mariasTvis aris cudi. 

swori pasuxia a. mariasTvis televizoris xangrZlivad yureba ar 

aris sasargeblo, radgan paragrafSi aRwerilia didi drois monakveTSi 

televizoris yurebiT gamowveuli problemebi. pasuxi d. _ zogierTi 

multfilmi mariasTvis aris cudi, _ mcdaria. marTalia, teqstSi 

naxsenebia, rom maria uyurebs multfilmebs, magram ar aris naTqvami, rom 

114

mxolod multfilmebis yureba warmoadgens problemas, igulisxmeba, rom 

problemas warmoadgens marias mier televizoris xangrZlivad yureba. 

pasuxi b. _ wignebis kiTxva სსარგებლოა, _ mcdaria, radgan wignebis 

kiTxva naxsenebia, rogorc problemis daZlevis erT-erTi varianti, da 

ara rogorc problema. agreTve, mxedvelobaSia misaRebi paragrafis 

pirveli winadadeba, romelic, xSir SemTxvevaSi, paragrafis mTavari 

azris gamomxatvelia. 

teqsti # 3 

Maria, I can’t eat or sleep when you are gone. I need to hear your scratchy voice 

and see your lovely toothless smile. I miss that special way that you eat soup with 

your fingers. Please come home soon! (internetresursi №30). 


a. marias cudi Tvisebebi aqvs; 

b. kargi iqneba Tu maria stomatologTan wava; 

g. maria, menatrebi!; 

d. maria, mada damekarga. 

pasuxi g. maria, menatrebi aris paragrafis mTavari idea. miuxedavad 

imisa, rom pasuxis danarCeni versiebi garkveulwilad gamoxataven 

teqstis Sinaarss, arc erTi maTgani ar warmoadgens paragrafis mTavar 

ideas. swor pasuxze migviTiTebs teqstis bolos gamoyenebuli Zaxilis 

niSani, romelic mouwodebs marias saxlSi dabrundes. 

teqsti # 4 

Often when it rains, a particular dreariness descends upon the earth. Most people 

hide out in their houses sending forlorn glances out the window. Animals scamper 

off to nooks and crannies, poking their heads out to timidly sniff the air for signs 

of dry weather. Despite the pellets of water cascading from the sky, an occasional 

brave soul will venture out for a jog in the drizzle or a bird will chirp merrily in a 

mud puddle, dismissing the downpour. Some people call these adventurers crazy, 

but others celebrate the willingness of these individuals to embrace negativity and 

turn it into something positive (internetresursi #15). 

115

a aris am teqstis mTavari idea? 

pasuxi: It's abnormal to venture out in the rain, but the positive results can be well 

worth it. teqstis dasawyisSi aRwerilia wvimis dros adamianebisa da 

cxovelebis Cveuli moqmedeba – isini wvimisagan Tavs icaven. Tumca, arian 

gamonaklisebic, romlebic ar eridebian wvimas da cdiloben es movlena 

pozitiurad aRiqvan. 

rogorc moyvanili magaliTebidan Cans, aseTi tipis davalebebi 

exmareba studentebs ganaviTaron logikuri azrovneba, Camoayalibon maTi 

azrebi lakonurad da gasagebad. 

teqstis dekodirebis sawyisi etapia winadadebis dekodireba. 

Aaqtivobis farglebSi SesaZlebelia gavaanalizoT _ mocemul 

situaciaSi ra garemoebas SeeZlo gamoewvia aRwerili moqmedeba. 

gTavazobT situaciebs da studentebis mier dekodirebis farglebSi 

gacemuli pasuxebis nimuSebs. 

situacia I: I wouldn't eat after that two-year-old if I were you. 

dekodireba: SesaZloa, avtorma dainaxa, rom ori wlis bavSvma raime 

Caagdo saWmelSi; an bavSvs infeqciuri daavadeba sWirs, romelic 

SesaZloa gadaedos personaJs, amitomac is Tavs izRvevs da afrTxilebs 

msmenels, rom moeridos bavSvis sakvebs. 

situacia II: A man ran after a retreating bus, waving his briefcase frantically. 

dekodireba: albaT, personaJs agviandeba samsaxurSi. amitomac 

daedevna is avtobuss. 

dekodirebisaTvis SegviZlia gamoviyenoT agreTve fotomasalac. 

studentebma unda aRweron ambavi, romelic, SesaZloa, win uZRoda da, 

Sesabamisad, iyo fotoze aRbeWdili movlenis gamomwvevi faqtori. 

aqtivoba `Semajamebeli CarCo~ aRwers problemas da Semdgom axdens 

misi gadaWris gzebis identificirebas. magaliTad, maswavlebeli 

studentebs acnobs statias globaluri daTbobis Sesaxeb. 

116

Global Warming is caused by many things. The causes are split up into two groups, 

man-made or anthropogenic causes, and natural causes.Natural causes are causes 

created by nature. One natural cause is a release of methane gas from arctic 

tundra and wetlands. Methane is a greenhouse gas. A greenhouse gas is a gas that 

traps heat in the earth's atmosphere. Another natural cause is that the earth goes 

through a cycle of climate change. This climate change usually lasts about 40,000 

years. Man-made causes probably do the most damage. Pollution is one of the 

biggest man-made problems. Pollution comes in many shapes and sizes. Burning 

fossil fuels is one thing that causes pollution. Fossil fuels are fuels made of organic 

matter such as coal, or oil. Another major man-made cause of Global Warming is 

population. More people means more food, and more methods of transportation, 

right? That means more methane because there will be more burning of fossil fuels, 

and more agriculture. Now your probably thinking, "Wait a minute, you said 

agriculture is going to be damaged by Global Warming, but now you're saying 

agriculture is going to help cause Global Warming?" Well, have you ever been in a 

barn filled with animals and you smell something terrible? You're smelling 

methane. Another source of methane is manure. Because more food is needed we 

have to raise food. Animals like cows are a source of food which means more 

manure and methane. Another problem with the increasing population is 

transportation. More people means more cars, and more cars means more 

pollution. Also, many people have more than one car. (internetresursi #16). 

maswavlebeli usvams jgufs SekiTxvas: 

– raSi mdgomareobs problema? 

– ra aris problemis gamomwvevi mizezi? 

– rogor gesaxebaT am problemidan gamosavali? 

– problemis aRmofxvris romeli gza aris yvelaze misaRebi? 

– ra Sedegamde SeiZleba migviyvanos problemis ugulebelyofam? 

aqtivoba `damakavSirebeli sityvebiT Sinaarsis dawera~: studentebs 

mivawodeT damakavSirebeli sityvebis sia: furthermore, nevertheless, even 

so,however, meanwhile, on the other hand, to sum up, to make matters worse. maT daevalaT 

wyvilebSi muSaoba da teqstis "Global Warming" Sinaarsis Sedgena zemoT 

117

moyvanili damakavSirebeli sityvebis gamoyenebiT. Sedegebi SevadareT da 

vimsjeleT. 

aqtivoba `teqstis reziumireba“: studentebi gavanawileT sam 

jgufad. TiToeul jgufs daevala zemoT moyvanili teqstisTvis (268 

sityva) mokle Sinaarsis Sedgena 70 sityvis gamoyenebiT. momdevno etapze 

jgufebs daevalaT misi ganaxevreba, anu 35 sityvamde dayvana. mesame 

etapze studentebs daevalaT misi daiyvana 17 sityvamde. saboloo 

versiebi wavikiTxeT da amovarCieT saukeTeso varianti. 

aqtivoba `SemoqmedebiTi wera~ studentebs exmareba mxatvruli 

nawarmoebis personaJebis kvlevaSi. am aqtivobis ganxorcieleba SeiZleba 

studentTa mier ucxouri enis sxvadasxva doneze flobis pirobebSi. 

avarCieT monakveTi `regTaimidan“, sadac ar aris mocemuli personaJebis 

pirdapiri metyveleba. 

Mother went back downstairs and found the fellow not at the back door but in the kitchen 

where, in the warmth of the corner near the cookstove, Sarah's baby lay sleeping in his 

carriage. The black man was kneeling beside the carriage and staring at the child. Mother, 

not thinking clearly, was suddenly outraged that he had presumed to come in the door. 

Sarah is unable to see you, she said and she held the door open. The colored man took 

another glance at the child, rose, thanked her and departed (internetresursi №31). 

studentebs davavaleT werilobiT warmoedginaT personaJebs 

Soris saubris scena. am aqtivobis ganxorcieleba SeiZleba rogorc 

jgufebSi, aseve wyvilebSi muSaoბis dros. 

aqtivoba `daxmarebis werilis Sedgena~: literaturul nawarmoebSi 

personaJebi xSirad rTul viTarebaSi aRmoCndebian xolme. studentebs 

davavaleT personaJis an personaJebis saxeliT daeweraT mokle werili, 

sadac isini daxmarebas sTxoven werilis mpovnel adamians. 

magaliTisaTvis SeiZleba aviRoT uiliam goldingis `buzTa batoni~, 

sadac kunZulze aRmoCenili bavSvebi Svelas iTxoven, an jon faulzis 

`koleqcioneri~, sadac gatacebuli gogona daxmarebas iTxovs. bunebrivia, 

rom mRelvarebis momentSi myofi pirisTvis pirvelxarisxovania 

komunikacia. marTlweras an sintaqsur Secdomebs, Tu isini xels ar 

uSlian werilis Sinaarsis aRqmas, yuradReba ar eTmoba. 

gTavazobT werilis nimuSs: 

118

Dear Mummy , 

I hope you will find this letter. I do not know exactly what had happened, but we were 

dropped out of the plane. All the boys are now on an island. They elected me to be their 

leader.Fortunately, it is very warm and it seems to be a safe island, but I miss you. 

Please, come and take me home. (Collie 2001:117) 

aqtivoba `sagazeTo statia“: studentebi literaturuli 

nawarmoebidan SerCeuli romelime epizodis mixedviT weren da 

asaTaureben sagazeTo statias. studentebs ganvusazRvreT sityvebis 

maqsimaluri raodenoba. studentebi gadavanawileT 3 jgufad. TiToeul 

jgufs vTxoveT sxvadasxva gazeTisaTvis statiis dawera. gazeTis 

specifikidan gamomdinare, statiebis stili gansxvavebuli unda 

yofiliyo. samive statiisaTvis savaldebuloa: 1. statiis dasaTaureba; 2. 

mocemuli gazeTis an JurnalisTvis damaxasiaTebeli leqsikis gamoyeneba; 

3. statiis maqsimaluri sიtyvebis raodenoba ar unda aRematebodes 120-s. 

aqtivoba `gancxadeba - dakarguli adamiani~ SeiZleba gamoviyenoT 

sxvadasxva tipis teqstebze samuSaod. studentebs gavacaniT erT-erTi 

gancxadebis nimuSi. 

MISSING 

Have you seen this boy? Jack, aged 12 was last seen on 12 January in London. He 

is 5 ft in tall, has dark-blue eyes and red hair. At the time he went missing he was 

wearing black denim trousers, a green jumper and a black wooly jacket. Anyone 

knowing the whereabouts of this boy should get in touch with the London Police: 

Telephone ---------. 

amis Sesabamisad, studentebs davavaleT `buzTa batonis“ Sinaarsis 

gaTvaliswinebiT SeedginaT gancxadeba dakarguli saimonis an sxva 

personaJis sapovnelad. 

aqtivoba `Semajamebeli winadadebis arCeva~: studentebs gavacaniT 

winadadebebi, romlebic asaxavdnen konkretuli personaJis moqmedebis 

motivacias. magaliTad, 

1. The man captures the girl bcause he has very little self-confidence. 

2. The man captures the girl bcause he is mentally disturebed. 

3. The man captures the girl bcause he wants to kill her. (Collie 2001:70) 

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Semdeg maT vTxoveT jer individualurad, Semdeg ki jgufebSi 

amoerCiaT erTi winadadeba da aexsnaT maTi arCevani. 

igive aqtivoba gamoviyeneT uiliam goldingis `buzTa batonTan~ 

muSaobis dros. romanSi me-5 Tavis bolos (ixileT danarTi # 3) pigis da 

ralfs moenatrebaT is samyaro, sadac zrdasruli adamianebi iReben 

gadawyvetilebas da cxovreba Cveuli wesis mixedviT warimarTeba. "If only 

they could get a message to us. If only they could end us something grown-up" _ ambobs 

erT-erTi personaJi. 

me-6 Tavis dasawyisSi erTgvari pasuxia ralfis survilze. 

A sliver of moon rose over the horizon, hardly large enough to make a path of light 

even when it sat right down on the water; but there were other lights in the sky, that 

moved fast, winked, or went out, though not even a faint popping came down from 

the battle fought at ten miles' neight. But a sign came down from the world of 

grownups, though at the time there was no child awake to read it. There was a 

sudden bright explosion and a corkscrew trail across the sky; then darkness again 

and stars. There was a speck above the island, a figure dropping swiftly beneath a 

parachute, a figure that hung with dangling limbs. The changing winds of various 

altitudes took the figure where they would (internetresursi # 32). 

studentebs SevTavazeT 4 interpretacia da vTxoveT aerCiaT erT- 

erTi. studentebs SeeZloT daeweraT sakuTari mosazrebac. 

1. The boys wanted some sign from the world of adults. They got that sign but 

did not see it because they were asleep. This means that you must be 

extremely watchful all the time ti seize opportunities as they happen. 

2. The sign from the world of adults was a battle in the sky. The sign means 

that the orderly adult world that the boys remember exists only in their 

imagination. Reality is different. Reality is quarrels among the boys and war 

among the adults. 

3. The sign that the boys wanted appeared in the form of a dead soldier. The 

significance of this sign is that people must tend for themselves. It is not any 

120

good expecting others to rescue you from the mess you have got yourself 

into. 

4. The boys wanted a sign from the world of adults to reassure them that they 

were not alone in the world. The fact that there was a battle above the 

island does not show that other people were quite near and that they could 

hope to be rescued after all. 

aqtivoba `qcevis kodeqsi~ iZleva diskusiis warmarTvis saSualebas 

kiTxvaris - veTanxmebi/ar veTanxmebi/ar var darwmunebuli _ gamoyenebiT. 

studentebs vTxovT warmoidginon, rom isini arian uiliam goldingis 

romanis `buzTa batonis~ personaJebi da cdiloben kunZulze garkveuli 

wesebis SemoRebas. 

aqtivoba `debatebi~: sxvadasxva personaSi arsebuli problemis 

irgvliv zogjer urTierTsapirispiro mosazrebebs gvTavazobs, rac 

sadiskusio Temad SeiZleba gamoviyenoT. magaliTi SeiZleba moviyvanoT 

uiliam goldingis romanidan `buzTa batoni~: 

1. Which is better – to have rules and agree, or to hunt and kill? 

2. Which is bettern - law and rescue, or hunting and breaking things up? (Collie 2001:159) 

aqtivoba `teqstis kulminaciuri momenti~ SeiZleba gamoviyenoT 

literaturuli teqstis analizis dros. studentebs vTxoveT 

daesaxelebinaT teqstSi is monakveTi, romelmac, maTi azriT, gansazRvra 

nawarmoebis msvleloba da ganapiroba dasasruli. 

aqtivoba `teqstis prezentacia~ exmareba students nawamoebis an 

avtoris wardgenaSi. studenti ganmartavs, ratom da riT SeiZleba 

nawarmoebma daainteresos mkiTxveli. 

zemoT CamoTvlili aqtivobebi mizanmimarTulia studentebSi iseTi 

unar-Cvevebis gansaviTareblad, rogoricaa saubari, wera, mosmena, kiTxva, 

diskusia da a.S. amzadebs studentebs samyarosTan xangrZlivi 

inteleqtualuri urTierTobisTvis. teqsti, rogorc saswavlo resursi, 

iZleva Zalzed mravalferovan masalas studentTa codnis asamaRleblad, 

maTi naklovani mxareebis gamosavlenad da dasaZlevad. 

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Tavi III 

miRweuli Sedegebis donis Sefaseba 

§1. studentis mier miRweuli kompetenciis donis 

Sefaseba 

saswavlo procesSi misaRwevi kompetenciis erT-erTi maxasiaTebeli 

aris is, rom SeiZleba misi gazomva/Sefaseba. Sefaseba aris raime sagnis, 

movlenis, procesis an vinmes Sesabamisobis/mimarTebis dadgena winaswar 

gansazRvrul niSan-TvisebebTan (kriteriumebTan). studentis mier 

kompetenciis miRwevis done fasdeba niSniT. 

swavlebis funqciebis, swavlisadmi interesis formirebis, 

swavlebisa da Sefasebis Teoriebis Seswavlas umaRles skolaSi, 

swavlebisa da aRzrdis aqtualur sakiTxebs, saswavlo kursis Seswavlis 

Sedegebis, anu studentebis mier kompetenciebis miRwevis donis 

gansazRvras mieZRvna a. gromcevas (Громцева 1978), l. TavdgiriZis (2007), i. 

bibileiSvilis (2009), r. tyemalaZis (2008), c. megrelaZis (2008) Sromebi. 

saqarTvelos saganmanaTleblo sistemaSi dawyebulma reformebma 

dRis wesrigSi daayena misi evropul saganmanaTleblo sistemasTan 

Sesabamisoba da, Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos umaRlesi saswavleblebis 

evropul standartebze Tanmimdevruli gadasvla. aRniSnuli 

reformatoruli procesebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani nabijia swavlebisa 

da Sefasebis Tanamedrove meTodebis damkvidreba saqarTveloSi, rac 

gamoixata kreditebis transferisa da dagrovebis evropuli sistemis 

(ECTS) SemoRebiT. misi erT-erTi ZiriTadi principia savaldebulo 

samuSaos Sesruleba da miRweuli swavlis Sedegebis saTanado Sefaseba. 

am Sefasebas aqvs Semdeegi ZiriTadi miznebi: 1. studentis swavlis 

xelSewyoba; 2. studentis Zlieri da susti mxareebis gamovlena; 3. 

swavlebis konkretuli meTodikis efeqturobis Semowmeba; 4. saswavlo 

programebis efeqturobis gansazRvra da srulyofa; 5. swavlebis 

efeqtianobis Sefaseba da srulyofa. 

„umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo programebis kreditebiT gaangariSebis 

wesis” mixedviT, studentis saqmianoba (studentis datvirTva) moicavs: 

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a) leqciaze daswrebas, samuSao jgufSi muSaobas, praqtikul an 

laboratoriul mecadineobas; 

b) damoukidebel mecadineobas; 

g) saswavlo, samecniero da sawarmoo praqtikas; 

d) gamocdebis momzadeba-Cabarebas; 

e) saswavlo-samecniero naSromze (sakurso naSromi, moxseneba 

konferenciaze, samecniero werili, sapatento ganacxadi, sadiplomo, 

sabakalavro, samagistro an doqtorantis saseminaro naSromi, aseve 

sadoqtoro disertacia) muSaobas; 

v) saswavlo-samecniero naSromis dacvas da gamosaqveyneblad momzadebas. 

„swavlis Sedegebi kompetenciebis erTobliobaa, romelic 

gamoxatavs, Tu ra unda icodes, esmodes da risi gakeTeba unda SeZlos 

studentma swavlis procesis dasrulebis Semdeg~ (gonzalesi 2008:175). 

praqtikaSi iyeneben swavlis Sedegebis or tips: e. w. zRvruli swavlis 

Sedegebi, romlebic minimalur dones gansazRvravs, da e. w. sasurveli 

swavlis Sedegebi. Ees ukanaskneli gamoxatavs, Tu ras elis akademiuri 

personali saSualo studentisagan kompetenciebTan mimarTebaSi. proeqti 

„Tuningi"_ saganmanaTleblo struqturebis urTierTSewyoba evropaSi, 

„upiratesobas sasurvel swavlis Sedegs aniWebs, radganac is ukeT 

esadageba evropis qveyanaTa did umravlesobaSi damkvidrebul swavlebisa 

da swavlis kulturas~ (gonzalesi 2008:174). 

swavlis safexuris dasrulebisaTvis aucileblad unda mieqces 

yuradReba Sefasebis formebs. Sefaseba aris ara mxolod swavlebisa da 

swavlis periodis logikuri bolo etapi, aramed, farTo gagebiT, am 

procesebis centraluri elementi, da pirdapir ukavSirdeba swavlis 

Sedegebs. 


„TuningSi“ aRwerili programebis umetesoba iyenebs Sefasebis formebis 

farTo speqtrs programis sxvadasxva etapze. „Sefaseba SeiZleba Semdeg 

formebs moicavdes: 

– testi (codnis an unaris Sesafaseblad); 

– zepiri prezentacia; 

123

– teqstis analizi; 

– profesiuli portfolio; 

– werilobiTi esei an angariSi, magaliTad, relevanturi 

literaturis werilobiTi mimoxilva, gansxvavebuli kvleviTi 

statistikis kritika“ (gonzalesi 2008:218). 

Sefasebis yvela am meTodisaTvis mniSvnelovania students 

miewodos informacia Sefasebis Sesaxeb. Sefasebas ewodeba 

maformirebeli anu ganmaviTarebeli, radganac studenti swavlobs 

samuSaos Sesrulebas leqtoris komentarebidan _ ramdenad kargad 

Seasrula man es samuSao da rogor unda gamoasworos Secdomebi. 

studentebs Tavidanve unda mieces warmatebis kriteriumebi – 

specifikacia, Tu ra da rogor unda gaakeTos davalebis warmatebuli 

SesrulebisaTvis. ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba, rogorc termini miuTiTebs, 

swavlis procesze da studentis ganviTarebazea mimarTuli. igi 

maswavlebels exmareba saswavlo procesis dagegmvaSi, xolo students _ 

miRwevebTan dakavSirebiT ukukavSiris miRebaSi. ganmaviTarebeli 

Sefasebisas savaldebulo ar aris qulis dawera; ganmaviTarebeli 

Sefasebis tipuri formaa studentis mier Catarebuli samuSaos 

Sesrulebaze komentaris gakeTeba, romelSic asaxuli unda iyos mis mier 

samuSaos Sesrulebis done da rekomendaciebi swavlis gaumjobesebis 

mizniT. 

ganmsazRvreli Sefasebis mizania studentis miRwevis zusti 

Sefaseba. maSin, rodesac ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba SesaZlebelia 

àraformaluri~ iyos. ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba yovelTvis `formaluria~ 

da qulis daweras saWiroebs. ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba tardeba testis, 

prezentaciis, proeqtebis safuZvelze. orive tipis Sefaseba SesaZlebelia 

iyos mimdinare (swavlebis procesSi mimdinareobdes) an Semajamebeli 

(semestris an saswavlo wlis dasrulebis Semdeg xdebodes); 

rekomendebulia mimdinare Sefasebis gamoyeneba Semajamebel SefasebasTan 

erTad. 

Sefasebis yvela formas diagnostikuri daniSnuleba aqvs rogorc 

leqtorisaTvis, aseve studentisaTvis. is exmareba studentsac da 

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leqtorsac imis gaazrebaSi, Tu ra iqna miRweuli, ra ar/ver iqna 

miRweuli/naswavli, risi gakeTeba moxerxda drois mcire monakveTSi, 

ganisazRvros miRweuli Sedegis done (saSualo/maRali) da a. S. yovelive 

zemoT aRniSnuli daexmareba leqtors momavali saqmianobis dagegmvaSi. 

„weriTi gamocdebi sandoa. SesaZloa erTdroulad studentTa didi 

raodenobis gamocda. weriTi gamocda sxvadaxva formis SeiZleba iyos: 

– esei; 

– mravlobiT kiTxvebze pasuxi; 

– problemis gadaWra; 

– situaciuri _ teqstis/monacemebis analizi; 

– literaturis mimoxilva~ (gonzalesi 2008:219). 

dauSvebelia studentis mier miRweuli swavlis Sedegebis 

erTjeradad _ mxolod daskvniTi gamocdis safuZvelze Sefaseba. 

studentis mier gaweuli Sromis Sefaseba garkveuli SefardebiT unda 

iTvaliswinebdes Sualedur Sefasebebs, rac, Tavis mxriv, moicavs 

studentis damoukidebeli muSaobis Sefasebas, yoveldRiur aqtiurobas 

da mimdinare reitingul Sefasebas. Sualeduri Sefaseba SeiZleba 

iTvaliswinebdes sxva komponentebsac. 

Sefasebis savaldebulo komponentebia: 

a. reitinguli Sefasebebi (Sefasebis mizniT semestris ganmavlobaSi 

tardeba ori kolokviumi); 

b. aqtiuroba praqtikuli mecadineobis dros. 

saswavlo kursis specifikidan gamomdinare dasaSvebia Sefasebis 

damatebiTi komponentebic: aqtiuroba laboratoriul mecadineobaze, 

referatis wardgena da sxva. gTavazobT Sefasebis kriteriumebs 

saswavlo kursisTvis `teqstis interpretacia“. 

mimdinare reitinguli Sefaseba - 30 qula. 

I reitinguli (Sualeduri) wera – 10 qula. 

II reitinguli (Sualeduri) wera – 10 qula. 

referatis wardgena _ 10 qula. 

kursi iTvaliswinebs yovel semestrSi or 10-qulian reitingul 

Sefasebas (Sualedur weras). TiToeul Sualedur weraze students 

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eZleva 20 sakiTxi gavlili masalidan. TiToeuli sakiTxi fasdeba 0,5 

quliT. 

praqtikul mecadineobaze aqtiuroba – 30 qula _ gamoiTvleba 

Semdegnairad: 15–dan minimum 5 mecadineobaze studenti fasdeba 0–5 

quliT. 

ùmaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba valdebulia 

uzrunvelyos studentis codnis samarTliani Sefaseba, risTvisac 

SeimuSavebs saTanado procedurebs~ (saqarTvelos kanoni umaRlesi 

ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, muxli 43, p. 6). ar arsebobs Sefasebis erTi 

standartuli sqema; Sefaseba damokidebulia misaRwev mizanze da 

Sefasebis obieqtze, Tumca mniSvnelovania, rom nebismieri Sefaseba 

akmayofilebdes Semdeg pirobebs: 

1. sandooba; 

2. validuroba; 

3. standartuloba; 

4. praqtikuloba; 

5. gamWvirvaloba. 

Sefaseba sandoa im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac Sefasebis Sedegebi erTi 

da igivea, miuxedavad imisa, Tu vin rodis afasebs studentis codnasa da 

unarebs. magaliTad, Sefaseba sando iqneba, Tu sxvadasxva maswavlebeli 

studentis erTsa da imave pasuxs an raime Sesrulebul davalebas 

erTnairad Seafasebs, an Tu erTi maswavlebeli erTsa da imave pasuxs 

sxvadasxva dros erTnairad Seafasebs. cxadia, Znelia absoluturad 

sando Sefasebis sistemis uzrunvelyofa; Sefasebis sandoobaze gavlenas 

axdens sxvadasxva faqtori _ studentis ganwyobebi, motivacia, fizikur 

garemoSi cvlilebebi (temperatura, ganaTeba), Sefasebis proceduris 

cvlileba (dro, instruqciebi, davalebis formulireba), maswavleblis 

subieqturi faqtorebi. rodesac maswavlebeli studentis codnasa da 

Sesrulebas afasebs, darwmunebuli unda iyos, rom masala sworadaa 

SerCeuli, meTodi adekvaturia, sandooba ki maRali. 

kriteriumebi, romlebic zrdis Sefasebis sandoobas: 

– Sesafasebeli davaleba formulirebuli unda iyos naTlad da 

gasagebad; 

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– Sefasebisas gamoyenebuli unda iyos sxvadasxva instrumenti, 

romlebic erTmaneTs avseben; 

– Sefasebis sqema unda iyo konkretuli da specifikuri; 

– unda gakontroldes yvela faqtori, romelic Sefasebis sandoobas 

amcirebs; 

– studentebi unda Sefasdnen msgavs pirobebsa da situaciaSi; 

– maswavlebeli unda iyos maqsimalurad miukerZoebeli. 

Sefasebis validurobas sxvanairad Sefasebis mizanTan 

Sesabamisobas uwodeben; igi gulisxmobs, ramdenad zustad da 

adekvaturad fasdeba Sefasebis instrumentiT is codna da unarebi, 

romelsac Sefaseba isaxavs miznad. Tu studentis codna da unarebi 

arazustad izomeba, es niSnavs imas, rom Sefasebas validobis problema 

aqvs. magaliTad, Tu Sefasebis amocanaa teqstebze dayrdnobiT studentis 

analitikuri azrovnebis donis Semowmeba, xolo realurad Cven 

studentis mxolod faqtobriv codnas vzomavT, maSin Sefaseba 

aravaliduri, anu mizanTan Seusabamobaa; Tu damamTavrebel gamocdaze 

SerCeuli teqsti an davaleba ufro rTulia, vidre is codna, romelic 

studentma semestris ganmavlobaSi SeiZina, maSin Sefaseba kvlav 

validobis problemaze mianiSnebs. igive problemasTan gvaqvs saqme, roca 

students vTxovT raimes gakeTebas, imis nacvlad, rom werilobiTi 

davaleba SevasrulebinoT, an piriqiT. 

strategiebi, romelic zrdis Sefasebis validobas: 

– maswavlebelma unda SearCios studentis SesaZleblobebis 

maqsimalurad adekvaturi davalebebi (rac man kursis ganmavlobaSi 

iswavla); 

– maswavlebelma unda SearCios codnisa da unarebis maqsimalurad 

adekvaturi Sefasebis forma. 

Sefasebis praqtikuloba gviCvenebs, ramdenad mosaxerxebeli da 

iafia Sefasebis instrumentisa da procedurebis gamoyeneba. 

praqtikuloba moicavs Semdeg sakiTxebs: 

– ramdeni droa saWiro instrumentis Sesaqmnelad; 

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– ramdenad SesaZlebelia drois mocemul momentSi sxvadasxva 

studentis Sefaseba; 

– ramdenad advilia studentebis Sefaseba davalebebis Sesrulebis 

Semdeg da a.S. 

Sefaseba gamWvirvale, anu Riaa im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac Sefasebis 

meqanizmebi da kriteriumebi winaswar aris studentebisaTvis cnobili; 

SesaZlebelia, rom studentebma Tavadac miiRon monawileoba Sefasebis 

kriteriumebis SemuSavebaSi. 

saswavlo kursis dawyebisas, maswavlebelma studentebs unda 

gaacnos Sefasebis sqema. Sefaseba konkretuli sqemis safuZvelze unda 

xdebodes. sqema asaxavs im kriteriumebs, romlis safuZvelze students 

vafasebT. mag.: sakiTxis codna, analizi, Sesrulebis xarisxi da a.S. 

Sefasebis kriteriumis SerCevisas unda gaviTvaliswinoT swavlebis 

mizani da davalebis forma. 

SesaZlebelia ganvasxvaoT ori tipis Sefaseba: 1. Sefaseba, romelic 

daxuruli pasuxebis SerCevas gulisxmobs; 2. Ria forma, romelic pasuxis 

Seqmnas gulisxmobs. cxadia, pirveli werilobiTia, xolo meore 

SesaZlebelia iyos rogorc werilobiTi, aseve zepiri. 

pasuxebis SerCeva: 

– mravlobiTi arCevani; 

– swori/mcdari. 

– esei; 

pasuxebis Seqmna: 

– portfolio; 

– proeqti; 

– kvleva; 

– zepiri prezentacia; 

– demonstrireba; 

– debatebi; 

– diskusia. 

SefasebisTvis SevarCieT is formebi, romlebic efeqturia 

teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciebis miRwevis Sesajameblad. 

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GgTavazobT Cvens mier SemuSavebul Sefasebis rubrikebs mimdinare 

SefasebisTvis. maqsimaluri Sefaseba _ 5 qula 

Sefasebis rubrika #1 _ enobrivi savarjiSoebi – teqstis 

gramatikul da leqsikuri analizisTvis: 

4-5 qula _ Tavisuflad asrulebs yvela tipis savarjiSosANan სworad 

asrulebs saSualo sirTulis savarjiSoebs da nawils 

rTuli savarjiSoebisas; 

2-3 qula _ სworad asrulebs saSualo sirTulis savarjiSoTa nawils 

an axerxebs mxolod yvelaze advili sakiTxebis 

uSecdomod Sesrulebas, umetesoba Seusrulebeli rCeba; 

0-1 qula _ ver asrulebs an yvela savarjiSos SecdomiT asrulebs. 

Sesruleba: 

Sefasebis rubrika #2 - weriTi davalebis (esei, Txzuleba) 

4-5 qula _ students Sesrulebuli aqvs weriTi davaleba uSecdomod 

(an daSvebulia 1 orTografiuli, gramatikuli an 

leqsikuri Secdoma); 

2-3 qula _ students Sesrulebuli aqvs weriTi davaleba. daSvebulia 

erTze meti orTografiuli, gramatikuli an leqsikuri 

Secdoma, magram azris gageba SeiZleba; 

0-1 qula _ students davaleba Sesrulebuli ara aqvs, an 

Sesrulebuli davaleba moicavs iseT Secdomebs, rac 

naSromis azrs gaugebars xdis. 

Sefasebis rubrika #3 _ zepiri davalebis Sesruleba: 

4-5 qula _ saubrobs kargad; davalebas pasuxobs srulad; 

leqsika mdidari da mravalferovania; 

Secdomebis raodenoba Zalian mcirea; 

iyenebs mdidar da mravalferovan gramatikul 

struqturebs; 

bgerebi sworia; maxvili, intonacia da ritmi 

Tanmimdevruli. 

3-4 qula _ saubrobs saSualod; 

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pasuxi zog SemTxvevaSi mokle, wyvetili an 

aralogikuria; 

leqsika erTferovani da ZiriTadad martivia, xSiria 

sityvebis araadekvaturad gamoyenebis SemTxvevebi; 

gramatikuli Secdomebi zog SemTxvevaSi xels uSlis 

azris gagebas; 

bgerebi umetes wilad ar aris swori; 

maxvili, intonacia da ritmi umetes SemTxvevaSi ar aris 

Tanmimdevruli. 

0-1 qula _ studenti ar aris mzad anLlaparakobs cudad, 

aqtiuroba. 

dazepirebuli frazebiT; 

pasuxi umeteswilad mokle, wyvetili gaugebari da/an 

aralogikuria; 

leqsika metad erTferovani, martivi an/da 

araadekvaturia; 

gramatikuli Secdomebi da warmoTqmis Secdomebi 

xSiria, rac xels uSlis azris gagebas. 

Sefasebis rubrika #4 _ leqciis msvlelobis dros studentis 

4-5 qula _ studenti yovelTvis aqtiurad aris Cabmuli saswavlo 

procesSi, monawileobs jgufuri da individualuri 

aqtivobebis SesrulebaSi; 

3-4 qula _ studenti zogjer aris Cabmuli saswavlo procesSi; 

zogjer monawileobs jgufuri da individualuri 

aqtovobebis SesrulebaSi; 

0-2 qula _ studenti ar aris Cabmuli saswavlo procesSi, ar 

gageba: 

monawileobs jgufuri da individualuri aqtovobebis 

SesrulebaSi. 

mimarTuleba-kiTxva 

Sefasebis rubrika #5 _ ucxoenovan teqstSi ucnobi sityvebis 

5 qulaQ _ students yovelTvis SeuZlia konteqstze dayrdnobiT 

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ucnobi leqsikuri erTeulebis sworad gageba da aRqma; 

4 qula _ students zogjer SeuZlia konteqstze dayrdnobiT ucnobi 

leqsikuri erTeulebis sworad gageba da aRqma; 

3 qulaQ _ students iSviaTad SeuZlia konteqstze dayrdnobiT ucnobi 

leqsikuri erTeulebis sworad gageba da aRqma; 

2 qulaQ _ students ar SeuZlia minimalur doneze konteqstze 

dayrdnobiT ucnobi leqsikuri erTeulebis sworad gageba 

da aRqma. 

Sefasebis rubrika #6 

– abzacebis swori TanmimdevrobiT dalageba; 

– 4 variantidan swori pasuxis SerCeva; 

– teqstis Sinaarsze dayrdnobiT informaciis sisworis dadgena. 

5 qulaQ _ srulad akmayofilebs davalebis yvela moTxovnas; 

4 qulaQ _ damakmayofileblad pasuxobs davalebis moTxovnebis did 

nawils; 

3 qulaQ _ asrulebs da elementarul doneze akmayofilebs davalebis 

moTxovnaTa erT nawils; 

2 qulaQ _ asrulebs, magram elementarul donezec ver akmayofulebs 

msjeloba: 

5 qulaQ _ 

ULA 

davalebis moTxovnaTa umetesobas. 

Sefasebis rubrika #7 _ teqstSi xasiaTebis, movlenebis Sesaxeb 

studenti yovelTvis axerxebs personaJebis an movlenebis 

Sesaxeb sakuTari azris gamoTqmas; 

4 qulaQ _ studenti xSirad axerxebs personaJebis an movlenebis 


3 qulaQ _ studenti zogjer axerxebs personaJebis an movlenebis 


2 qulaQ _ studenti ver axerxebs/minimalur doneze axerxebs 

personaJebis an movlenebis Sesaxeb sakuTari azris 

gamoTqmas. 

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Sefasebis rubrika #8 _ teqstis Sinaarsis gageba: 

5 qula _QULA students SeuZlia mTliani teqstis an misi calkeuli 

nawilis, rogorc dasrulebuli erTeulis, zogadi da 

detaluri Sinaarsis sruli gageba da aRqma; 

4 qulaQ_Q students SeuZlia mTliani teqstis an misi calkeuli 


detaluri Sinaarsis nawilobrivi gageba da aRqma; 

3 qulaQ_Q students SeuZlia mTliani teqstis an misi calkeuli 


detaluri Sinaarsis minimalur doneze gageba da aRqma; 

2 qulaQ_Q students ar SeuZlia mTliani teqstis an misi calkeuli 


detaluri Sinaarsis gageba da aRqma. 

Sefasebis rubrika #9 qveteqstis gageba: 

5 qulaQUA_Q students SeuZlia qveteqstis saSualebiT gadmocemuli 

ideis sruli gageba-gaazreba; 

4 qulaQ _Q students SeuZlia qveteqstis saSualebiT gadmocemuli 

ideis nawilobriv gageba-gaazreba; 

3 qulaQ_Q students SeuZlia qveteqstis saSualebiT gadmocemuli 

ideis minimalur doneze gageba-gaazreba; 

2 qulaQ_ students ar SeuZlia qveteqstis saSualebiT gadmocemuli 

ideis gageba-gaazreba. 

Sefasebis rubrika #10 teqstis Sejameba: 

5 qulaQU_LA studenti axerxebs daskvnebis gamotanasa da teqstis 

srul Sejamebas; 

4 qulaQ_ studenti axerxebs daskvnebis gamotanasa da teqstis 

nawilobriv Sejamebas; 

3 qulaQ_ studenti axerxebs daskvnebis gamotanasa da teqstis 

minimalur doneze Sejamebas; 

2 qulaQ studenti ver axerxebs daskvnebis gamotanasa da teqstis 

Sejamebas. 

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Sefasebis rubrika #11 teqstis dakavSireba cxovrebiseul 

gamocdilebasTan: 

5 qulaQ_UL students SeuZlia teqstis dakavSireba sakuTar 

cxovrebiseul gamocdilebasa Tu winare literaturul 

codnasTan; 

4 qulaQ_ students SeuZlia teqstis sakuTar cxovrebiseul 

gamocdilebasa Tu winare literaturul codnasTan 

nawilobrivi dakavSireba; 

3 qulaQ_ students SeuZlia teqstis sakuTar cxovrebiseul 


minimalur doneze dakavSireba; 

2 qulaQ_ students ar SeuZlia teqstis sakuTar cxovrebiseul 


minimalur doneze dakavSireba. 

Sefasebis rubrika #12 teqstis interpretacia 

a) avtoris Canafiqris amocnoba: 

5 qulaQUL_A students SeuZlia mTavari ideis, problemis, avtoris 

Canafiqris amocnoba, gaazreba, misi poziciis srulad 

Sefaseba; 

4 qulaQ_ students nawilobriv SeuZlia mTavari ideis, problemis, 

avtoris Canafiqris amocnoba da gaazreba, misi poziciis 

Sefaseba; 

3 qulaQ_ students minimalur doneze SeuZlia mTavari ideis, 

problemis, avtoris Canafiqris amocnoba da gaazreba, 

misi poziciis Sefaseba; 

2 qulaQ_ students ar SeuZlia mTavari ideis, problemis, avtoris 

Canafiqris amocnoba da gaazreba, misi poziciis 

Sefaseba. 

b) sakuTari poziciis gamoxatva: 

5 qula _ students SeuZlia mTavari ideis, problemis mimarT 

sakuTari poziciis damajereblad gamoxatva; 

4 qula _ students SeuZlia mTavari ideis, problemis mimarT 

sakuTari poziciis kargad gamoxatva; 

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3 qula _ studenti mTavari ideis, problemis mimarT sakuTar 

pozicias aradamajereblad gamoxatavs; 

2 qula _ students ar SeuZlia mTavari ideis, problemis mimarT 

sakuTari poziciis gamoxatva. 

g) enobriv- gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis povna: 

5 qula _ students SeuZlia teqstSi yvela enobriv- 

gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis povna da maTi 

dakavSireba avtoris CanafiqrTan; 

4 qula _ moswavles SeuZlia teqstSi ramdenime enobriv- 

gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebis povna da maTi dakavSireba 

avtoris CanafiqrTan; 

3 qula _ moswavles SeuZlia teqstSi enobriv _ gamomsaxvelobiTi 

saSualebebis povna, magram ver akavSirebs maT avtoris 

CanafiqrTan; 

2 qula _ moswavles ar SeuZlia teqstSi enobriv- 

gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis povna. 

Sefasebis rubrika #13 teqstis tipis da saxis dadgena: 

5 qula _ students SeuZlia amoicnos teqstis tipic da saxec; 

4 qula _ students SeuZlia amoicnos erT-erTi _ teqstis tipi an 

saxe; 

3 qula _ studenti cdilobs amoicnos teqstis tipi an saxe, 

magram mcdar pasuxs gvawvdis; 

2 qula _ studentma ar icis, rogor daadginos teqstis tipi an 

saxe. 

Sefasebis rubrika #14 araliteraturuli teqstis gageba: 

a) klasifikacia: 

5 qula _ students SeuZlia raime konkretuli niSniT movlenebisa 

Tu faqtebis sruli klasifikacia; 

4 qula _ students SeuZlia movlenebisa da faqtebis nawilobrivi 

klasifikacia; 

3 qula _ students SeuZlia movlenebisa da faqtebis minimalur 

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doneze klasifikacia; 

2 qula _ students ar SeuZlia movlenebisa da faqtebis minimalur 

doneze klasifikacia. 

b) SekiTxvebis dasma: 

5 qula _ students SeuZlia teqstis irgvliv ramdenime iseTi 

SekiTxvis dasma, romlebic moiTxovs analizsa da 

msjelobas; 

4 qula _ students SeuZlia teqstis irgvliv minimum erTi 

SekiTxvis dasma, romelzec pasuxis gacemac moiTxovs 

analitikur msjelobas; 

3 qula _ students SeuZlia teqstis irgvliv mxolod faqtobrivi 

SekiTxvebis dasma; 

2 qula _ students ar SeuZlia teqstis irgvliv SekiTxvebis 

dasma. 

g) kiTxvebze pasuxebis gacema: 

5 qula _ students SeuZlia teqstis irgvliv dasmul 

Sinaarsobriv-faqtobrivi da qveteqstis-konceptualuri 

saxis yvela SekiTxvaze srulyofili pasuxis gacema, rac 

avlens mis analitikuri azrovnebis da logikuri 

msjelobis unars; 

4 qula _ students SeuZlia teqstis irgvliv dasmul ramdenime 

SekiTxvaze srulyofili pasuxis gacema, rac nawilobriv 

avlens mis analitikuri azrovnebis da logikuri 

msjelobis unars; 

3 qula _ students SeuZlia teqstis irgvliv mxolod 

Sinaarsobriv - faqtobriv SekiTxvebze pasuxis gacema; 

2 qula _ students ar SeuZlia teqstis irgvliv dasmul 

SekiTxvebze pasuxis gacema. 

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mimarTuleba - mosmena 

Sefasebis rubrika №15 mosmenis unar-Cvevebis Sesafaseba: 

5 qulaQ_U LA amoicnobs zogad შinaarss; 

amoicnobs teqstSi gadmocemuli informaciis 

umetes nawils; 

asrulebs TiTqmis yvela mosasmen aqtivobas. 

4 qulaQ_ amoicnobs zogad Sinaarss; 

amoicnobs teqstSi gadmocemuli informaciis didi 

nawils; 

gadauWreli rCeba mosasmeni amocanebidan yvelaze 

rTuli; 

efeqturad iyenebs strategiebs; avlens 

mixvedrilobas, logikur azrovnebas. 

3 qulaQ_ nawilobrivad amoicnobs gadmocemul informacias; 

asrulebs mosasmeni amocanebis naxevars; 

strategiebs iyenebs, magram araefeqturad, an 

ubralod ar yofnis leqsikuri maragi. 

2 qulaQ _ ver asrulebs mosasmen amocanebs; 

amoicnobs mxolod calkeul sityvebs. 

Sefasebis rubrika №16 teqstis tipi: dialogi. 

5 qulaQUL_A orjer mosmeniT srulad igebs saubris konteqstsa 

da Temas; 

amoicnobs Tanamosaubreebs, saubris konkretul 

detalebs, intonaciiT gamoxatul emociebs; 

arCevs Tavazian da familarul formebs. 

4 qula _Q orjer mosmeniT nawilobriv igebs saubris 

konteqstsa da Temas; 

amoicnobs Tanamosaubreebs, saubris konkretul 

detalebs, intonaciiT gamoxatul emociebs; 

arCevs Tavazian da familarul formebs. 

3 qulaQ_ orjer mosmeniT minimalur doneze igebs saubris 

konteqsts, saubris Temas, amoicnobs 

Tanamosaubreebs; 

uWirs intonaciiT gamoxatuli emociebis Tavaziani 

da familaruli formebis garCeva. 

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2 qulaQ_ orjer mosmeniT Zalian uWirs saubris Temis, 

Tanamosaubreebis, saubris konkretuli detalebis gageba, 

etiketis Tavaziani formebis garCeva. 

Sefasebis rubrika №17 teqstis tipi: aRweriTi teqsti 

5 qulaQULA orjer mosmeniT srulad amoicnobs sagans/pirovnebas, 

mis yvela niSan-Tvisebas, adgilmdebareobas; 

4 qulaQ orjer mosmeniT nawilobriv amoicnobs sagans/pirovnebas, 

mis yvela niSan-Tvisebas, adgilmdebareobas; 

3 qulaQ orjer mosmeniT minimalur doneze amoicnobs aRweril 

sagans/daxasiaTebul pirovnebas, mis niSan-Tvisebebs, 

adgilmdebareobas; 

2 qulaQ orjer mosmeniT Zalian uWirs aRwerili 

sagnis/daxasiaTebuli pirovnebis niSan-Tvisebebis, 

adgilmdebareobis, adgilsamyofelis amocnoba. 

Sefasebis rubrika №18 teqstis tipi: naratiuli (TxrobiTi teqsti): 

5 qulaQ_ULA orjer mosmeniT srulad amoicnobs zogad Sinaarss, 

yvela personaJs, maT qmedebebsa da konkretul detalebs; 

4 qulaQ_ orjer mosmeniT nawilobriv amoicnobs zogad Sinaarss, 

personaJebs, maT qmedebebsa da konkretul detalebs; 

3 qulaQ_ orjer mosmeniT minimalur doneze amoicnobs zogad 

Sinaarss, personaJebs, maT qmedebebs an konkretul 

detalebs; 

2 qulaQ_ orjer mosmeniT zogadi Sinaarsis, personaJebis da 

konkretuli detalebis amocnobas ver axerxebs. 

Sefasebis rubrika #19 mimarTuleba – werilobiTi teqstis Sedgena. 

a) sityvebis raodenoba: 

5 qulaQU_LA teqsti ar scildeba miTiTebul farglebs (sityvebis 

dadgenil maqsimalur zRvars); 

4 qulaQ_ teqsti ar scildeba miTiTebul farglebs (sityvebis 

dadgenil minimalur zRvars) da mokled aris 

Sesrulebuli; 

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3 qulaQ_ teqsti scildeba miTiTebul farglebs (sityvebis 

dadgenil minimalur zRvars), teqsti enobrivad 

gaumarTavia, magram azris gageba SesaZlebelia; 

2 qulaQ_ teqsti scildeba miTiTebul farglebs (sityvebis 

b) organizeba: 

dadgenil minimalur zRvars), teqsti enobrivad 

gaumarTavia, azris gageba Wirs. 

5 qulaQU_LA naSromi kargadaa organizebuli da monakveTebs Soris 

daculia logikuri kavSirebi; 

4 qulaQ_ naSromi nawilobrivaa organizebuli da monakveTTa 

Soris daculia logikuri kavSirebi; 

3 qulaQ_ naSromi minimalur donezea organizebuli da monakveTTa 

Soris logikuri kavSirebi araa daculi; 

2 qulaQ naSromi ar aris organizebuli da monakveTTa Soris 

g) msjeloba: 

logikuri kavSirebi araa daculi. 

5 qulaQU_LA msjeloba kargad dasabuTebulia (argumentirebulia) da 

argumentebi gamyarebulia teqstobrivi masaliT; 

4 qulaQ_ msjeloba nawilobrivaa dasabuTebuli (argumentirebuli) 

da argumentebi nawilobrivaa gamyarebuli teqstobrivi 

masaliT; 

3 qulaQ_ msjeloba nawilobrivaa dasabuTebuli 

(argumentirebuli), magram argumentebi araa gamyarebuli 

teqstobrivi masaliT; 

2 qulaQ_ msjeloba araa dasabuTebuli (argumentirebuli). 

d) gageba: 

5 qulaQ_ teqsti adekvaturadaa gagebuli, naSromSi ar aris 

daSvebuli arc erTi faqtobrivi Secdoma; 

4 qulaQ_ teqsti adekvaturadaa gagebuli da naSromSi daSvebulia 

erTi faqtobrivi Secdoma; 

3 qulaQ_ calkeul SemTxvevebSi teqsti araadekvaturadaa 

gagebuli. 

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2 qulaQ_ teqsti mTlianad araadekvaturadaa gagebuli. 

e) damoukidebeli azrovneba: 

5 qulaQ_ Sedgenil teqstSi mkafiod gamovlinda studentis 

damoukidebeli azrovnebis unari, SexedulebaTa da 

SefasebaTa araSablonuroba da fonuri codna; 

4 qulaQ_ Sedgenil teqstSi nawilobriv gamovlinda studentis 


SefasebaTa araSablonuroba da fonuri codna; 

3 qulaQ_ Sedgenil teqstSi minimalur doneze gamovlinda 

studentis damoukidebeli azrovnebis unari, 

SexedulebaTa da SefasebaTa araSablonuroba da fonuri 

codna; 

2 qulaQ_ Sedgenil teqstSi ar gamovlinda studentis 

v) stili: 


SefasebaTa araSablonuroba da fonuri codna. 

5 qulaQ_ naSromSi azri enobrivad (leqsikurad) zustad da 

mkafiodaa gamoxatuli, SerCeulia dasmuli amocanis 

Sesaferisi stili, agreTve daculia naSromis 

stilisturi erTgvarovneba; 

4 qulaQ_ naSromSi azri enobrivad (leqsikurad) zustad da 

mkafiodaa gamoxatuli, SerCeulia dasaxuli amocanis 

Sesaferisi stili, agreTve nawilobriv daculia 

naSromis stilisturi erTgvarovneba, gvxvdeba oriode 

stilisturi xarvezi; 

3 qulaQ_ naSromSi azri gasagebia, gvxvdeba ramdenime stilisturi 

xarvezi; 

2 qulaQ_ calkeul SemTxvevebSi naSromSi azri bundovania, 

gvxvdeba araadekvaturi leqsika da/an Txzuleba 

stilisturad gaumarTavia. 

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z) sintaqsi: 

5 qula _ naSromSi daSvebulia mxolod erTi sintaqsuri Secdoma; 

4 qula _ naSromSi daSvebulia maqsimum sami sintaqsuri Secdoma; 

3 qula _ naSromSi daSvebulia maqsimum xuTi sintaqsuri Secdoma; 

2 qula _ naSromSi daSvebulia xuTze meti sintaqsuri Secdoma. 

T) morfologia: 

5 qula _ daSvebulia erTidan eqvsamde morfologiis, 

orTografiis da punqtuaciis tipis Secdoma; 

4 qula _ daSvebulia eqvsidan aTamde morfologiis, orTografiis 

da punqtuaciis tipis Secdoma; 

3 qula _ daSvebulia aTidan Tormetamde morfologiis, 

orTografiis da punqtuaciis tipis Secdoma; 

2 qula _ daSvebulia Tormetze meti morfologiis, orTografiis 

da punqtuaciis tipis Secdoma. 

Sefasebis rubrika №20 zepiri teqstis Sedgena: 

a) leqsika: 

5 qula _ studentis leqsika mdidaria da mravalferovania; 

Secdomebis raodenoba Zalian mcirea; 

4 qula _ studentis leqsika kargia; pasuxobs moTxovnebs, Tumca 

aris sityvebis araadekvaturad gamoyenebis ramdenime 

SemTxveva; 

3 qula _ studentis leqsika erTferovania, ZiriTadad martivia. 

xSiria sityvebis araadekvaturad gamoyenebis SemTxvevebi; 

2 qula _ studentis leqsika metad erTferovania, martivi da/an 

araadekvaturia. 

b) gramatikuli struqtura: 

5 qulaQ_ULA studenti iyenebs mdidar da mravalferovan gramatikul 

struqturebs; Secdomebis raodenoba Zalian mcirea; 

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4 qulaQ_ studenti iyenebs saSualo sirTulis gramatikul 

struqturebs; periodulad uSvebs gramatikul Secdomebs, 

Tumca es xels ar uSlis azris gagebas; 

3 qulaQ_ studenti monacvleobiT iyenebs saSualo sirTulis da 

martiv gramatikul struqturebs; gramatikuli Secdomebi, 

zog SemTxvevaSi, xels uSlis azris gagebas; 

2 qulaQ_ studenti iyenebs martiv gramatikul struqturebs; 

g) fonetika: 

gramatikuli Secdomebi umeteswilad xels uSlis azris 

gagebas. 

5 qulaQU_LA bgerebi sworia; maxvili, intonacia da ritmi – 

Tanmimdevruli; 

4 qulaQ_ bgerebi umeteswilad sworia; maxvili, intonacia da 

ritmi, umetes SemTxvevaSi, Tanmimdevrulia; 

3 qulaQ_ bgerebi, umeteswilad ar aris swori. maxvili, intonacia 

da ritmi, umetes SemTxvevaSi, ar aris Tanmimdevruli; 

2 qulaQ_ warmoTqmis Secdomebi sistemuria, rac xels uSlis 

azris gagebas. 

Sefasebis rubrika saSualebas aZlevs leqtors gaazrebuli 

hqondes, risTvis afasebs students _ misi ganviTarebis xelSeწyobis 

mizniT Tu mxolod misi miRwevis donis dasadgenad moTxovnebTan 

mimarTebaSi. Tu igi ganmaviTarebel Sefasebas mimarTavs, maSin arsebiT 

mniSvnelobas iZens problemebis dafiqsireba da gaanalizeba saswavlo 

procesis ukeT dasagegmad, agreTve studentebisTvis ufro qmediTi 

daxmarebis gasawevad. 

mniSvnelovania Sefasebis komponentis Sesabamisi kriteriumebis 

dadgena. magaliTad, Kkomponenti – damoukidebeli muSaoba SeiZleba 

Sefasdes Semdegi kriteriumebiT: 

– biblioTekiT sargeblobis sixSire/intensivoba; 

– internetresursebis moZiebis da daxarisxebis xarisxi; 

– damoukidebeli muSaobiT Sesrulebuli teqstis demonstrirebis 

xarisxi. 

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amrigad, studentis Sefasebis erTi standartuli sqema ar arsebobs. 

zemoT warmodgenili teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciebis Sefasebis 

nimuSebi warmoadgens teqstobrivi aqtivobebis ZiriTadi Semadgeneli 

elementebis swavla/swavlebis farglebSi gaweril maxasiaTeblebs 

sxvadasxva donis studentebisTvis. Sefasebis rubrikebis Sedgenis dros 

gaTvaliswinebuli iyo maTi mimarTeba saswavlo miznebsa da Sefasebis 

moTxovnebTan _ sandooba, validuroba da gamWvirvaloba. 

$2 kvlevis Sedegebis Sefaseba 

kvlevis Sedegebis sandoobisa da efeqturobis dasadgenad, 

mizanSewonilad miviCnieT eqsperimentis Catareba. eqsperimenti, rogorc 

`mecnieruli kvlevis meTodi, dafuZnebulia procesis an movlenis arsze, 

am procesis maxasiaTeblis regulirebasa da Sefasebaze” (gobroniZe 

2000:371). eqsperimentis Sedegis obieqturobisaTvis avirCieT variantuli 

eqsperimenti, romelic `saSualebas iZleva SemoqmedebiT kvlevaSi erTi 

da igive hipoTeza Semowmdes sxvadasxva processa da viTarebaSi” 

(Цетлина 1976:102). 

SevimuSaveT eqsperimentis programa. 

eqsperimentis mizani: teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciebis 

swavleba/swavlis da Sefasebis SerCeuli meTodebis, formebis, 

aqtivobebis gamoyenebiT miRweuli Sedegebis efeqturobis Sefaseba. 

eqsperimentis hipoTeza: teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciebis 

gansazRvra da maTi miRwevisaTvis SerCeuli swavleba/swavlis, Sefasebis 

formebi, meTodebi, aqtivobebi xels Seuwyobs saswavlo miznis 

Sesrulebisadmi interesis amaRlebas, Seamcirebs aqtivobis Sesrulebaze 

daxarjul dros; ganapirobebs swavlis Sedegebis xarisxianobas. 

eqsperimentis amocanebi: 

1. eqsperimentis Casatarebeli procesis organizeba; 

2. eqsperimentisaTvis nimuSebis, modelebis, sqemebis Sedgena; 

3. eqsperimentis warmarTva da Sedegebis gaanalizeba. 

pirveli amocanis gansaxorcieleblad Camoyalibda saeqsperimento 

da sakontrolo jgufebi (SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti, 

142

inglisuri enisa da lietraturis specialobis mesame da meoTxe kursebi. 

studentTa raodenoba _ 60). 

eqsperimenti warimarTa dekanatis mier daSvebuli saerTo saswavlo 

ganrigiT (cxrili). raime damatebiTi mecadineoba an damatebiTi xarjebi 

da datvirTva saWiro ar yofila. Eeqsperimenti mimdinareobda saswavlo 

auditoriaSi, biblioTekaSi. 

meore amocanis gadasawyvetad SevimuSaveT leqciebis, seminarebis, 

damoukidebeli muSaobis nimuSebi, sqemebi, Mmodelebi. 

mesame amocanis Tanaxmad, eqsperiments warmarTavda doqtoranti. mis 

mier SeirCa ori asistent-eqsperimentatori – erTi kolega maswavlebeli 

da erTi studenti, romelTac periodulad utardebodaT instruqtaJi 

eqsperimentis msvlelobasTan dakavSirebiT. 

eqsperimentis Sedegebi warmovadgineT cxrilebis, sqemebis saxiT. 

analizi gakeTda etapobrivad: I. sawyis mdgomareobaSi; II. ori Tvis 

Semdeg; III. saboloo Sedegi. 

eqsperimentis Catarebis dro: 2009-2010 saswavlo weli 

eqsperimentis variantebi: 

I varianti _ teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciebis 

swavleba/swavla leqciis procesSi; 

II varianti _ teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciebis 

swavleba/swavlis miRweuli donis demonstrireba seminaruli 

mecadineobis dros; 

III varianti _ teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciebiT miRweuli 

Sedegebis gamoyeneba gamoyofili damoukidebeli kreditebis 

aTvisebisaTvis gansaxorcielebel saqmianobaSi. 

hipoTezis SemowmebisaTvis SerCeuli efeqturobis maCveneblebi: 

saswavlo amocanis Sesrulebisadmi interesi; 

aqtovobis Sesrulebaze daxarjuli dro; 

miRweuli kompetenciis gamoyenebis xarisxi. 

SerCeuli maxasiaTeblebi saSualebas iZleoda studentis 

konkretul qmedebaze dakvirvebisa da am konkretuli qmedebis gazomva- 

SefasebisaTvis. 

143

vixelmZRvaneleT ganaTlebis didaqtikaSi (Скаткин 1975, Лернер 1980, 

Махмутов 1975, Цетлина 1976, Громцева 1978) gansazRvruli codnis, unar- 

Cvevebis xarisxis maCvenebelTa mixedviT _ codnis sisrule da siRrme, 

operatiuloba da moqniloba, konkretuloba da zogadoba, gacnobiereba, 

simtkice da sistematuroba. 

codnis sisrule ganisazRvreba Sesaswavli obieqtis Sesaxeb codnis 

moculobiT, romelic gaTvaliswinebulia silabusiT. konkretuli 

codnis siRrmes axasiaTebs mecnieruli kavSiri sxva Sesabamis codnasTan. 

codnis operatiuloba iTvaliswinebs Semsruleblis mzadyofnasa da 

SesaZleblobas _ gamoiyenos igi Sesaferis da sxvadasxvanair variantul 

situaciaSi: codna gamoiyenos uSualod, moqmedebis zusti 

Tanmimdevrobis dacviT. codnis gamoyeneba dakavSirebulia wesebis 

konkretul codnasTan, romelic iZleva moqmedebebisa da maTi 

Tanmimdevrobis axsnis, agreTve, arsebuli codnis konkretuli 

situaciisaTvis ganzogadebis saSualebas. codnis moqniloba gamoixateba 

variantuli saSualebebis swraf povnasa da misi sxva TvalsazrisiTac 

gamoyenebaSi. codnis moqnilobis maCvenebelia agreTve erTi da igive 

situaciisaTvis ramdenime variantis SeTavazebis SesaZlebloba. 

moqniloba vlindeba operatiulobaSi, magram operatiuloba yovelTvis 

ar niSnavs moqnilobas. 

konkretuloba da ganzogadeba mJRavndeba zogadi codnis 

konkretulobis aRmoCenebSi. Semecnebis procesi Tavdapirvelad 

varaudobs konkretulobas. codnis aRqmis dros adamiani ecnoba 

konkretul faqtebs. codnis Secnoba gamoixateba codnis miRebis gzebis 

moZiebasa da misi gamoyenebis ostatobaSi. codnis simtkice niSnavs mis 

didxans damaxsovrebas da saWiro SemTxvevaSi gamoyenebas. codnis 

sistematuroba gulisxmobs codnis miRebas mTeli cxovrebis manZilze, 

rac codnas garkveuls da mizanmimarTuls xdis. codnis unar-Cvevebis 

yvela xarisxs Soris aris gansazRvruli kavSiri. TiToeuli xarisxi 

saqmianobas specifikur xasiaTs aZlevs. isini avseben erTmaneTs. 

srulyofili codnis, unar-Cvevebis xarisxis formirebisaTvis 

saWiroa saTanado pedagogiuri pirobebi, romlis drosac TiToeuli 

studenti SeZlebs mis dauflebasa da gamoyenebas. 

144

saswavlo miznis Sesrulebisadmi interesi vlindeba saswavlo 

amocanis SesrulebaSi monawileTa raodenobiT. mxedvelobaSia misaRebi 

leqciaSi CarTuloba studentis surviliT da ara miTiTebiTa da mkacri 

moTxovniT. 

აqtivobaze daxarjuli dro mcirea, Tu students kargad aqvs 

gaTviTcnobierebuli saswavlo mizani, flobs aqtivobis Sesrulebis 

teqnologias. 

miRweuli kompetenciis gamoyenebis xarisxis maxasiaTeblad 

miviCnieT silabusiT gaTvaliswinebuli saswavlo kursis Sesatyvisad 

studentis mier aTvisebuli masalis sisrule, siRrme, mzadyofna _ 

gamoiyenos SeZenili codna msgavs da variantul situaciaSi, mocemuli 

momentisaTvis saWiro moqmedebis SerCeva da gamoyeneba zogad da 

konkretul codnaTa Soris kavSiris dasamyareblad, kompetenciis 

miRwevisaTvis aqtivobebis damaxsovreba da gamoyeneba sxva situaciaSi. 

gansxvavebiT funqciuri (functional), struqturuli (structural), 

gramatikuli (gramatical), situaciuri (situational), leqsikuri (lexical) da a.S. 

silabusebisagan, teqstebze orientirebuli swavleba/swavlisTvis, Cveni 

TvalsazrisiT, yevlaze misaRebia teqstebze orientirebuli (text-based) 

silabusis gamoyeneba. teqstebze orientirebuli silabusi Seicavs 

sxvadasxva saxis silabusebis elementebs, magram, maTgan gansxvavebiT, is 

Sesaswavl enas warmoadgens, rogorc garkveul socialur konteqstSi 

gamosayenebel teqsts. Eenis swavlas studenti ganaxorcielebs 

teqstebTan muSaobiT. silabusis teqsti moicavs iseT teqstebs, romlebic 

asaxavs enis SemswavlelTa moTxovnebs, anu im socialur konteqsts, 

romelSic moxvedra maT surT. 

`teqstebze orientirebul silabusSi ucxouri ena warmodgenilia 

teqstis saxiT, romelic CarTulia socialur konteqstSi, romelSic is 

gamoiyeneba. igulisxmeba, rom pirovneba ucxour enas swavlobs 

teqstebTan muSaobiT. meTodologia efuZneba swavla/swavlebis models, 

romelSic enis Semswavleli iRebs informacias teqstebis Sesaxeb~ (Feez 

2010:64). 

teqstebze orientirebuli silabusi moicavs 5 fazas. pirveli 

faza: konteqstis ageba. am etapze studentebs acnoben Sesaswavli teqstis 

145

tipis avTenturi modelis socialur konteqsts. is ikvlevs zogad 

kulturul konteqsts romelSic teqstis tipi gamoiyeneba, da socialur 

miznebs, romelTa miRwevasac teqstis tipi emsaxureba; situaciis uSualo 

konteqsts, im teqstis modelis Janris kvleviT, romelic specialurad 

iqna SerCeuli studentis saWiroebebis analizis safuZvelze. 

meore faza: teqstis modelireba da dekonstruireba. studentebi 

ikvleven samodelo teqstis struqturul Taviseburebebs da enobriv 

niSan-Tvisebebs; adareben mocemul models imave tipis sxva magaliTebs. 

mesame faza: teqstis erToblivi konstruireba. studentebi muSaoben 

jgufebSi, ageben teqstis sqemas, struqturas. 

meoTxe faza: teqstis damoukidebeli ageba. studentebi 

individualurad muSaoben da ageben mocemuli struqturis Sesabamis 

models. 

mexuTe faza: momijnave teqstebTan dakavSireba. `studentebi 

ikvleven, rogor SeiZleba daukavSiron miRebuli codna sxva teqstebs 

imave an msgavs konteqstSi; agreTve, maT mier adre Seswavlil an 

momavalSi Sesaswavl sagnebs an movlenebs~ (Feez..2010:64). 

gTavazobT ucxouri enis swavleba/swavlis kursisTvis teqstebze 

orientirebuli silabusis ZiriTad Tematikas. 

am kursis farglebSi studentebi gaiazreben im rols, romelic 

teqstebs ganekuTvneba ucxouri enis Seswavlis farglebSi. 

silabusi moicavs Semdeg Tematikas: 

ucxouri enis swavla/swavlebis farglebSi misaRwevi teqstebze 

orientirebuli kompetenciebi; 

teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciebis Sefasebis kriteriumebi; 

cneba „teqstis~ codna da gacnobiereba; 

teqstebis saxeebisa da tipebis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi; 

sxvadasxva saxis teqstis struqturis Semadgeneli elementebi; 

teqstis kvlevis aspeqtebi; 

sxvadasxva saxis teqstis enobrivi, stilisturi analizi; 

teqstis interpretacia da kritikuli analizis safuZvlebi; 

sxvadasxva saxis teqstis werilobiTi da zepiri nimuSebis Sedgena; 

146

teqstTan damoukidebeli muSaobis kompetenciis Camoyalibeba. 

gansakuTrebuli yuradReba mieqca damoukidebeli muSaobis 

kreditebis aTvisebis process: droSi organizeba, prioritetis SerCeva, 

vadebis dacva, SeZenili codnis, unaris, gamocdilebis gamoyeneba axali 

codnis SesaZenad an SeZenili codnis gasamdidreblad. 

damoukideblad ganxorcielebuli saqmianobis Sedegebis mosmena 

xdeboda leqciasa da seminarze, sadac kargad warmoCnda _ ra icis, ras 

miaRwia da risi demonstrireba SeuZlia students. 

seminarebisaTvis studentebs miecaT davalebebi ZiriTadi 

problemis specifikuri aspeqtis Sesaxeb prezentaciis momzadebisa da 

Catarebisa. waxalisebuli iyo kiTxvebis dasma msmenelebisagan da 

diskusiebSi monawileoba. 

saeqsperimento da sakontrolo jgufebs miecaT silabusiT 

gaTvaliswinebuli erTnairi davaleba. saeqsperimento jgufSi 

swavleba/swavla mimdinareobda doqtorantis mier Sedgenili masalebiT, 

xolo sakontrolo jgufSi _ Zveli masaliT. 

eqsperimentis Sedegebi aisaxa cxrilebSi; maTi analizis Sedegad 

miviReT monacemebi, romelic gaecno rogorc saeqsperimento, aseve 

sakontrolo jgufebis studentebs da pedagogebs. Sedegebi maT mier 

aRiarebul iqna. 

eqsperimentSi monawileobda 60 studenti. warmogidgenT 

eqsperimentis Sedegebs cxrilebis saxiT. 

cxrili N#11 

saswavlo amocanis Sesrulebisadmi interesi/leqciebSi CarTuli 

studentebis raodenoba - eqsperimentuli jgufis monacemebi 

eqsperimentis eqsperimentis Eeqsperimentis 

I etapi 

II etapi 

gamowveva 20 34 40 

Sinaarsis realizeba 30 37 48 

refleqsia 34 40 51 

III etapi 

147

cxrili N#11 1 


studentebis raodenoba - sakontrolo jgufis monacemebi 

I etapi II etapi III etapi 

gamowveva 17 18 18 

Sinaarsis realizeba 20 20 20 

refleqsia 23 24 25 

grafiki # 16 


studentebis raodenoba (procentebSi) – sakontrolo da eqsperimentuli 

jgufis monacemebi. 

cxrili N#12 

seminarze sakuTari naSromis demonstrirebis msurveli studentebi 

- eqsperimentuli jgufis monacemebi 

eqsperimentis 

daswyisi 

I etapi 

eqsperimentis 

II etapis Sedegebi 

Eqsperimentis 

III etapis Sedegebi 

20 48 52 

148

cxrili N#12 1 


- sakontrolo jgufis monacemebi 

I etapi II etapi III etapi 

20 30 35 

grafiki # 17 


(procentebSi) – sakontrolo da eqsperimentuli jgufis minacemebi 

cxrili N#13 

aqtivobis Sesrulebaze daxarjuli dro (saSualod, wuTebiT) – 

eqsperimentuli da sakontrolo jgufebis monacemebi 

eqsperimentuli 

jgufi 

sakontrolo 

jgufi 

eqsperimentis 

dasawyisi 

I etapi 

eqsperimentis 

II etapis 

Sedegebi 

eqsperimentis 

III etapis 

Sedegebi 

20-22 15-16 5-8 

20-25 19-20 19-20 

149

cxrili N#14 

miRweuli kompetenciis gamoyenebis xarisxi - eqsperimentuli jgufi 

maxasiaTeblebi eqsperimentis 

kompetenciis gamoyeneba 

saswavlo procesSi 


damoukidebeli kreditebis 

aTvisebisaTvis 

1) biblioTekaSi muSaoba 

2)internetresursebze 

muSaoba 

kompetenciis misaRwevi 

aqtivobis damaxsovreba da 

gamoyeneba garkveuli 

drois Semdeg 


axali codnis misaRebad 

sxva saganSi 

I etapi 

eqsperimentis 

II etapi 

eqsperimentis 

III etapi 

3 19 38 

4 

5 

22 

27 

40 

40 

9 26 37 

5 17 36 

grafiki N#18 

miRweuli kompetenciis gamoyenebis xarisxi - eqsperimentuli jgufis 

monacemebi (procentebSi) 

150

eqsperimentis Sedegebis warmodgenili raodenobrivi analizi 

naTelyofs eqsperimentul jgufSi kompetenciaTa gamoyenebis 

xarisxobriv zrdas. 

eqsperimentma daadastura, rom teqstebze orientirebuli 

kompetenciebis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia rogorc leqcia-seminarebis, 

aseve studentTa damoukidebeli muSaobis procesSi. gansakuTrebiT 

efeqturia misi gamoyeneba aqtiur leqciaze, praqtikuli savarjiSoebis 

da internetresursebis moZieba-daxarisxebis procesSi. Aamdenad, 

teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciebis CarTva ucxouri enis saswavlo 

kursis SinaarsSi aamaRlebs swavlebis Sedegebis xarisxs. 

gansakuTrebuli mxardaWeriT aRiniSna, rom kompetenciebis 

gansazRvrasTan erTad, mocemuli iyo misi swavla/swavlebis formebi, 

meTodebi, aqtivobebis aRwera da gamoyenebis nimuSebi, ramac ganapiroba 

dadebiTi, efeqturi Sedegebis miRweva. 

Aaqtivobebze daxarjuli drois SemowmebiT dadginda _ teqstebze 

orientirebuli kompetenciebis procesi ar aris studentis datvirTvis 

momcveli, piriqiT, man xeli Seuwyo studentTa aqtiurobis xarisxis 

zrdas. 

eqsperimentis Sedegebma cxadyo, rom teqstebze orientirebuli 

kompetenciebis gansazRvra, swavla/swavlebisa da Sefasebis SerCeuli 

sistema uzrunvelyofs saswavlo amocanis Sesrulebisadmi studentTa 

interesis zrdas, amaRlebs leqciaze maTi aqtiurobis dones, 

ganapirobebs miRweuli kompetenciis gamoyenebas mocemul da axal 

situaciaSi axali codnis misaRebad. 

eqsperimentma daadastura hipoTeziT gaTvaliswinebuli varaudi. 

151

daskvnebi 

umaRles skolaSi ucxouri enebis swavlebis procesi mdgomareobs 

sami aspeqtis: swavlebis saSualebebis, saswavlo sagnis, swavleba/swavlis 

Sedegebis erTianobaSi, romelTa gamaerTianeblad gvevlineba teqsti. 

teqsti, rogorc ZiriTadi saswavlo resursi, uzrunvelyofs ganaTlebis 

sxvadaxva safexurze Sesabamisi saswavlo miznis ganxorcielebiT 

xarisxiani swavlis Sedegebis miRwevas: 

teqsti, rogorc lingvisturi kvlevis obieqti, lingvistTa 

gansxvavebul interpretacias iwvevs. lingvistebis erTi jgufi 

teqstad miiCnevs erT sityvas, saTaurs, frazas, winadadebas, aseve, 

mimikas, Jests da cekvas. meore jgufis azriT ki, teqsti aris 

umaRlesi donis enobrivi sametyvelo erTeuli, romelsac aqvs 

sakuTari Tema, grafikuli saxe, struqturuli da semantikuri 

mTlianoba, azrobrivi damTavrebuloba da sakomunikacio 

daniSnuleba. 

meoce saukunis 80–iani wlebidan swavlis procesi ZiriTadad aris 

dakavSirebuli teqstebTan. magram, gamomdinare iqidan, rom bolo 

sami aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi, teqstisa da swavleba/swavlis 

cnebebma ganicada transformacia, studentebis akademiuri 

ganviTarebis bunebac mniSvnelovnad Seicvala. kerZod, gaCnda 

Tanamedrove teqstis mravalgvari modalobis _ internetiT 

moZiebuli, naklebad dakavSirebuli teqstebis, dinamiuri 

Setyobinebebis gagebis aucileblobac. adreuli 

saxelmZRvaneloebis umravlesoba ZiriTadad moicavda mxolod 

teqstebis nimuSebs. dRes saxelmZRvaneloebs aqvs multimodaluri 

forma. 

migvaCnia, rom saswavlo masalis miwodeba, iseve, rogorc swavlis 

Sedegebis Sefaseba, studentebis codnis kontroli mizanSewonilia 

xdebodes teqstebze orientirebuli davalebebis, konteqsturi 

informaciis gamoyenebiT da ara mxolod struqturuli sqemebis, 

sityvaTSeTanxmebebisa da winadadebebis meSveobiT. 

152

kvlevis Sedegad dadginda, rom moswavleTa da studentTa 

teqstebis Sesaxeb cnobadobis donis TviTSefaseba maRalia. magram 

arsebobs 32%-iani cdomileba moswavleTa da 19%-iani cdomileba 

studentebis teqstebis Sesaxeb cnobadobis TviTSefasebasa da 

realur dones Soris. winaaRmdegobaa teqstis Sesaxeb moswavleTa 

realur codnasa da saswavlo gegmis moTxovnebs Soris. umaRles 

skolaSi teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciis gamoyenebis 

gamocdileba arsebobs, magram, xSir SemTxvevaSi, gacnobierebuli 

ar aris teqstebze muSaobiT misaRwevi Sedegebi, gaurkvevelia 

miznis misaRwevi saqmianobis formebi, gansazRvruli ar aris 

teqstebze muSaobis Sefasebis kriteriumebi, meTodebi. 

teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciebis gansazRvra, maTi CarTva 

saswavlo masalis SinaarsSi da asaxva teqstebze orientirebul 

silabusSi ganapirobebs misaRwevi Sedegebis gacnobierebas, miznis 

sicxades, saswavlo procesis gaaqtiurebasa da xarisxis amaRlebas: 

teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciebis formireba gulisxmobs 

teqstebze dayrdnobiT analitikuri da produqtiuli unarebis 

ganviTarebas. 

teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciebi davyaviT zogad da 

dargobriv (sagnobriv) jgufebad. dargobrivi (sagnobrivi) 

kompetenciebi specifikuria dargisaTvis, xolo zogadi 

kompetenciebis miRweuli done gamosadegia sxvadasxva sagansa da 

situaciaSi axali codnis misaRebad. 

teqstebze orientirebuli zogadi kompetencia pirdapir 

ukavSirdeba iseT zogad kompetenciebs, rogoricaa 

damoukidebeli muSaobis unari, kvlevis unari, informaciis 

marTvis unari, gadawyvetilebis miReba, analizisa da sinTezis 

unari, swavlis unari, zepiri da werilobiTi formiT 

komunikaciis unari, axali ideebis generirebis unari 

(SemoqmedebiToba), kritikuli da TviTkritikuli unarebi, 

153

mravalferovnebisa da multikulturalizmis pativiscema, sxva 

qveynis kulturisa da tradiciebis pativiscema. 

umaRlesi skolis bakalavriatis safexurisTvis ganvsazRvreT 

teqstebze orientirebuli Semdegi dargobrivi kompetenciebi: 

1. teqstis aRqmisa da gagebis kompetenciebi; 

2. teqstis analizis kompetencia; 

3. teqstis interpretaciis kompetencia; 

4. teqstis kvlevisa da Sefasebis kompetenciebi; 

5. teqstis Sedgenis kompetencia. 

teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciebis swavleba/swavlis aqtivobebi 

saSualebas aZlevs students gamoavlinos kompetenciis dauflebisaTvis 

mzaoba, moaxdinos miRweuli Sedegebis demonstrireba: 

teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciebis swavlebis organizaciis 

formebad gamoviyeneT aqtiuri leqcia, seminari, kvleviTi seminari, 

vorkSopi, praqtikuli savarjiSoebi. 

teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciebi SesaZloa aisaxos 

umaRlesi skolis saswavlo kursebisa da modulebis SinaarsSi, 

savaraudod, modulis _ ìnglisuri enis praqtikuli kursis“ 

mimarTulebebSi „analizuri kiTxva“, ìntensiuri kiTxva“, `teqstis 

interpretacia“. 

saauditorio da damoukidebeli swavleba/swavlis dros Cvens mier 

gansazRvruli aqtivobebis gamoyenebam xeli Seuwyo teqstebze 

orientirebuli kompetenciebis miRwevas. eqsperimentis Sedegebis 

warmodgenili raodenobrivi analizi naTelyofs eqsperimentul 

jgufSi kompetenciaTa gamoyenebis xarisxobriv zrdas. 

eqsperimentma daadastura, rom teqstebze orientirebuli 

kompetenciebis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia rogorc leqcia-seminarebis, 

aseve, studentTa damoukidebeli muSaobis procesSi. 

teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciebis Sefasebis safuZvelia 

kreditebis transferisa da dagrovebis evropuli sistema (ECTS). 

154

Sefasebis formebia: zepiri prezentacia, teqstis analizis, 

Tezisebis prezentacia, werilobiTi angariSis wardgena, testireba. 

Sefaseba efuZneba leqciaSi CarTulobas (aqtiurobas), jgufebSi 

muSaobas, individualur saqmianobas, saboloo Sedegebs. 

amrigad, eqsperimentma daadastura hipoTeziT gaTvaliswinebuli 

varaudi _ teqstebze orientirebuli kompetenciebis gansazRvra, maTi 

swavleba/swavlisa da Sefasebis SerCeuli sistema uzrunvelyofs 

saswavlo amocanis Sesrulebisadmi studentTa interesis zrdas, 

amaRlebs leqciaze maTi aqtiurobis dones, ganapirobebs miRweuli 

kompetenciis gamoyenebas mocemul da axal situaciaSi axali codnis 

misaRebad. 

155

gamoyenebuli literatura 

1 arabuli 2004: arabuli avTandil, `qarTuli metyvelebis 

kultura umaRlesi saswavleblebis 

studentebisaTvis~, gamomcemloba 

ùniversali~, Tbilisi. 

2. baqraZe 2005: baqraZe lali, Rlonti lika, `kreditebis 

transferisa da dagrovebis evropuli 

sistema (ECTS) da diplomis danarTi - 

saxelmZRvanelo~, samoqalaqo sazogadoebis 

instituti, Tbilisi. 

3. bibileiSvili 2008: bibileiSvili iuri, `swavlebis funqciebi~, 

gamomcemloba `SoTa rusTavelis 

saxelmwifo universiteti~, baTumi. 

4. berZeniSvili... 2007: berZeniSvili Tea, saZagliSvili Sorena da 

sxvebi, `ganmartebiTi leqsikoni ganaTlebis 

specialistebisTvis t.1~, erovnuli 

saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centri, 

Tbilisi. 

5. gobroniZe 2000: gobroniZe aleqsandre, `pedagogika~, 

gamomcemloba `SoTa rusTavelis 

saxelmwifo universiteti~, baTumi. 

6. gonzalesi ..2008: gonzalesi xulia, vagenaari robert, 

`saganmanaTleblo struqturebis 

urTierTSewyoba evropaSi, universitetebis 

wvlili boloniis procesSi - II~, qarTulad 

Targmna saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da 

mecnierebis saministrom sauniversiteto 

kurikulumis ganviTarebis programis 

farglebSi, Tbilisi. 

7. dvaliZe 2009: dvaliZe nino, `teqstis lingvistikasTan 

dakavSirebuli problematika“, gamomcemloba 

`SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo 

universiteti~, baTumi. 

8. enuqiZe 1989: enuqiZe rusudan, `mxatvruli prozauli 

teqstis procesuloba da TxrobiTi 

dinamika~, gamomcemloba „moambe”, Tbilisi. 

9. vaxania 2005: vaxania z., teqstis Sinaarsisa da mokle 

Sinaarsis weris swavleba, qarTuli enis 

SemoqmedebiTi swavleba, Tbilisi, 2005 

10. verderixi 2004: verderixi dona, „mimoweris dRiurebi, 

rogorc kiTxvis diferencirebuli 

swavlebis saSualeba~, Jurnali „wignieri~, 

Tbilisi. 

11. TavdgiriZe 2007: TavdgiriZe lela, „swavlebis 

Taviseburebani umaRles skolaSi~, Sromebi 

`swavlebisa da aRzrdis aqtualuri 

sakiTxebi”, bsu. 

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zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebisaTvis - 

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zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebisaTvis _ 

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164


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%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D 

%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98 

134. internetresursi #27: Angela Mihalic, MD, Alison Dobbie, "Teaching and 

Assessing. Cultural Competence", Effective Teacher 

Series. 

www.utsouthwestern.edu/.../484378Teaching_and_Assess 

ing_Cultural_ Competence.pdf - 

135. internetresursi #28: Byram, M.. "Teaching and Assessing Intercultural 

Communicative Competence", Multilingual Matters, 

Clevdon. 

136. internetresursi #29: Text strucure 

http://teamloyalty.wikispaces.com/file/view/Text+Structur 

e+Pargraphs.doc 

137. internetresursi #30: Word meaning from context 

www.rhlschool.com/read4n29.htm 

138. internetresursi #31: Doctorow E.L., "Ragtime" 

lib.ololo.cc/b/217286/download 

139. internetresursi #32: Golding W., "Lord of the flies" 

www.eunet.lv/library/win/.../masterflyes_engl.txt_Piece40 

.06 

140. internetresursi #33: Lye J. "Critical Reading: A Guide Designed for His Year 

1 Students by Professor John Lye. 

http://www.brocku.ca/english/ilye/ criti-calreading.html 

141. internetresursi #34: http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/articles/text-languageclassrooms-talo-tavi-tasp 

142. internetresursi #35: http://www.amle.org/portals/0/pdf/research/Research_Su 

mmaries/Vocabulary.pdf 

143. internetresursi #36: Valerija M., Aukse Marmiene., "Text-based language 

teaching and the analysis of tasks presented in English 

course books for students of information technology and 

computing", Fililogija, Edukologija, T. 14, 2006 

http://www.tpa.vgtu.lt/upload/filosof_zurn/v_marina_mar 

miene_filologija_nr2.pdf 

165

144. internetresursi #37: Selander, S.”Skolkunskap och pedagogisk textanalys”, 

(School Competence and Pedagogical Textual Analysis) 

in: Skolböcker 3. Den (o)möjliga läroboken, (Textbooks 

3. The (im)possibleTextbook) Rapport från 

Läromedelöversynen, Utbildningsdepartementet. (1988): 

http://www.designsforlearning.nu/08/no1/no1_08_aamots 

backen.pdf 

145. internetresursi #38: http://folk.uio.no/hhasselg/systemic/clause_cohesion.hald 

e.htm 

146. internetresursi #39: http://www.homework-online.com/lotf/ralph.html 

147. internetresursi #40: http://www.homework-online.com/lotf/jack.html 

148. internetresursi #41: http://www.homework-online.com/lotf/piggy.html 

149. internetresursi #42 http://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%98%E1%8 

3%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1% 

83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98 

150. internetresursi #43 http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:Dec 

TYSGZZkoJ:www.matsne.gov.ge/index.php%3Foption%3Dcom 

_ldmssearch%26view%3DdocView%26id%3D75898+%E1%83% 

92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AC%E1%83 

%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%95%E1%8 

3%98%E1%83%97+%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1 

%83%AE%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91% 

E1%83%A1&cd=3&hl=ka&ct=clnk&gl=ge 

166

1. romelia teqstebis tipebi? 

I. mxatvruli 

II. oficialur-saqmiani 

airCieT erTi pasuxi: A, B,C an D 

A. sworia mxolod I 

B. sworia mxolod II 

C. orive (I da II) sworia 

D. orive (I da II) araa swori 

testi # 1 

2. rogori SeiZleba iyos mxatvruli teqstebi? 

I. mimoxilviTi; 

II. monologuri; 





3. rogori SeiZleba iyos aramxatvruli teqstebi? 

I. sadiskusio; 

II. axsna-ganmartebiTi; 

III. samecniero-popularuli. 

airCieT erTi pasuxi: A, B,C,D an E 



C. sworia mxolod III 

D. samive (I, II da III) sworia 

E. samive (I, II da III) araa swori 

danarTi # 1 

167

4. romeli miekuTvneba SemoqmedebiT teqstebs? 

I. zRapari; 

II. miTi; 

III. balada. 







5. romeli miekuTvneba pragmatul teqstebs? 

I. oqmi; 

II. sareklamo teqsti; 

III. moxsenebiTi baraTi. 







6. romels miekuTvneba moxsenebiTi baraTi? 

I. pragmatul teqstebs; 

II. SemoqmedebiT teqstebs. 






7. rogori saxis teqstSi cxovrebiseuli suraTebis aRweris miRma yovelTvis 

moaizreba qveteqsti, interpretacia `meoradi realoba” ? 

I. mxatvruli teqstebSi; 

II. oficialur–saqmian teqstebSi. 

168






8. romelia `dramis” ganmarteba? 

I. literaturuli nawarmoebi, romelic dawerilia dialogebad da 

gankuTvnilia scenaze dasadgmelad; 

II. patara moTxroba; 

III. ToTxmettaepiani leqsi, romelic Sedgeba ori oTxtaepiani da ori 

samtaepiani strofisagan. 







9. romelia `romanis” ganmarteba? 

I. sxarti gamoTqma, romelic Seicavs mniSvnelovan azrs, sibrZnes; 

II. TxrobiTi xasiaTis mxatvruli nawarmoebi leqsad; 

III. didi moculobis TxrobiTi literaturuli nawarmoebi, romelsac axasiaTebs 

rTuli siuJeti; 

IV. sevdiani lirikuli leqsi; 

airCieT erTi pasuxi: A, B,C,D, E an F 




D. sworia mxolod IV 

169

E. oTxive (I, II, III da IV) sworia 

F. oTxive (I, II, III da IV) araa swori 

10. romelia `poeziis” ganmarteba? 

I. sityvebis saSualebiT azris xatovnad gamosaxva; sityvieri Semoqmedeba, 

upiratesad leqsebis saxiT; 

II. TxrobiTi xasiaTis mxatvruli nawarmoebi leqsad; msxvili formis TxrobiTi 

siuJetis poeturi qmnileba; 

III. sxarti gamoTqma, romelic Seicavs mniSvnelovan azrs, sibrZnes; 







11. romelia àforizmis” ganmarteba? 

I. ToTxmettaepiani leqsi, romelic Sedgeba ori oTxtaepiani da ori samtaepiani 

strofisagan; 

II. sevdiani lirikuli leqsi; garkveuli formis leqsi, romelic dawerilia 

wyvil-wyvil taepebad; 

III. Tqmuleba, romelSic gadmoicemoda uZvelesi xanis adamianebis rwmena, maTi 

warmodgenebi samyaros warmoSobaze, bunebis movlenebze, RmerTebsa da zRaprul 

gmirebze; 

IV. sxarti gamoTqma, romelic Seicavs mniSvnelovan azrs, sibrZnes. 








170

12. romelia “legendis” ganmarteba? 

I. teqstis nawili, romlis pirveli striqoni cotaTi Seweulia; TviT Seweuli 

striqoni; 

II. dramatuli nawarmoebi, romelSic asaxulia Seurigebeli konfliqti, Zlieri 

xasiaTebisa da Rrma gancdebis Sejaxeba, rac xSirad gmiris daRupviT Tavdeba; 

III. xalxuri zepiri gadmocema upiratesad religiuri xasiaTisa; Tqmuleba; 

IV. teqstis nawili, romlis pirveli striqoni cotaTi Seweulia; TviT Seweuli 

striqoni. 








13. romelia „publicistikis” ganmarteba? 

I. sazogadoebriv-politikuri xasiaTis literatura Tanamedrove aqtualur 

sakiTxebze; 

II. ToTxmettaepiani leqsi, romelic Sedgeba ori oTxtaepiani da ori samtaepiani 

strofisagan; 

III. dramatuli nawarmoebi, romelSic asaxulia Seurigebeli konfliqti, Zlieri 


IV. literaturuli nawarmoebis daskvniTi nawili, sadac mokled gadmocemulia 

moqmed pirTa Semdgomi bedi; 








171

14. alegoria aris: 

I. gadakrulad naTqvami sityva Tu sityvaTa rigi, romelSic movlenis Sinaarsi 

konkretuli saxiTaa warmodgenili. masSi naTqvamia erTi da igulisxmeba 

meore. misi mizania avtoris azris SeniRbva; 

II. mxatvruli gamosaxvis xerxi, romlisTvisac damaxasiaTebelia sagnebisa da 

movlenebisadmi adamianuri Tvisebebis miwera, usulo da sulieri sagnebis 

gaadamianeba. usulo sagani warmodgenilia, rogorc adamiani, romelic 

grZnobs, msjelobs, moqmedebs; 

III. stili, roca usazRvro karikaturul gazviadebaze, urTierTgamomricxav 

kontrastebze, paradoqsebze agebuli fantaziiT deformirebulia 

sinamdvile; 

IV. mxatvruli gansazRvra, poeturi ganmarteba, daxasiaTeba. uxSiresad 

zedsarTavi saxeliT; 








15. romelia “groteskis’ ganmarteba? 

I. stili, roca usazRvro karikaturul gazviadebaze, urTierTgamomricxav 

kontrastebze, paradoqsebze agebuli fantaziiT deformirebulia 

sinamdvile; 

II. mxatvruli gansazRvra, poeturi ganmarteba, daxasiaTeba. uxSiresad 


GIII. komikuris erT-erTi saxe, romelic sicilis saSualebiT cdilobs obieqtis 

srulyofas, ganwmendas naklovanebebisagan da srulqmnili saxiT mis 

ganmtkicebas. misi aqtiuri formaa gonebamaxviloba; 

IV. (berZn. niSnavs „gadatana“) – mxatvruli gamosaxvis stilistikuri xerxi. 

poeturad SesaZlebels, dasaSvebs, asociaciebiTa Tu kontrastiT, 

analogiebiT warmosadgens emyareba an agebulia sityvaTa gadataniT 

mniSvnelobaze. 

172


16. ironia aris: 







I. TavazianobiT SeniRbuli dacinva, damcinavi gadakvriT naTqvami 

(TavSekavebuli, mSvidi, seriozuli toni, garegnulad gamoxatuli 

pativiscema); 

II. (berZn. niSnavs „gadatana“) – mxatvruli gamosaxvis stilistikuri xerxi. 



mniSvnelobaze; 

III. (berZ. „gazviadeba“) — tropis iseTi saxea, romelsac sagansa Tu movlenas 

gazviadebulad warmoadgens. es sityva berZnuli warmoSobisaa da 

gadaWarbebas, gazviadebas niSnavs; 

IV. individis an cxovrebis mankieri mxareebis, uaryofiTi sazogadoebrivi 

movlenebis mware, RvarZliani dacinva. 








17. romelia “hiperbolas” ganmarteba? 

I. (berZ. „gazviadeba“) _ tropis iseTi saxea, romelsac sagansa Tu movlenas 


gadaWarbebas, gazviadebas niSnavs; 

II. sinamdvilis mxatvruli asaxvis iseTi forma, rodesac gamanadgurebeli 

siciliT amxileben asaxulis uaryofiT, mankier bunebas; 

173

III. aris enobrivi mxatvrul-gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualeba, „sityvis sakuTari 

mniSvnelobis iseTi Secvlaa, roca xdeba mniSvnelobis gamdidreba“ 







18. romeli stilisturi xerxia gamoyenebuli Semdeg monakveTSi: 

„cisartyela brialebda viT xoxbis yeli"? 

I. Sedareba; 

II. gapirovneba; 

III. epiTeti; 

IV. hiperbola. 









,,elvarebs xvavi, TiTqos lampari’’. 

I. Sedareba; 


III. epiTeti; 







174




I. Sedareba; 

II. metafora; 

III. epiTeti; 


„brwyinavs qarTli – vardis baRi 

Sefrqveuli minanqariT". 









,,alaznis veli – xoxbis yeli’’. 

I. epiTeti; 

II. metafora; 

III. Sedareba; 









22. waikiTxeT teqsti: Mark is certainly resilient. He lost a fortune when his 

business failed but now he’s wealthy again. After spending a month in the 

intensive care unit of the hospital, he’s as healthy and strong as ever. And after 

175

all those rumors ruined his reputation, he’s managed to once again be a highly 

respected member of the community. 

ras niSnavs sityva 'resilient'? 

A. mxiaruli; 

B. moxerxebuli; 

C. guluxvi; 

D. qedmaRali. 

23. waikiTxeT teqsti: 

Maria is watching too much television. A toddler shouldn’t be spending hours staring 

blankly at a screen. Worse yet, some of her wild behavior has been inspired by those 

awful cartoons she watches. We need to spend more time reading books with her and 

pull the plug on the TV! 


A. mariasTvis televizoris xangrZlivad yureba ar aris mizanSewonili; 

B. wignebis kiTxva sasargebloa; 

C. yvela multfilmi cudia; 

D. zogierTi multfilmis yureba mariasTvis aris cudi. 


Seasons happen and change every year. This happens because the earth tilts back and 

forth as it goes around the sun. During the summer, the earth tilts toward the sun. It 

makes half of the earth hotter. this condition is what we call summer. During the other 

half of the year, the earth tilts away from the sun. As a result, it makes that half of the 

earth cooler. This cool condition is then what we call winter. 

es teqsti aris: 

I. oqmi; 

II. ganmarteba; 

III. aRwera; 

IV. biografia; 


176








Once upon time, a man had a wonderful parrot. There was no other parrot like it. The 

parrot could say every word, except one word. The parrot would not say the name of 

the place where it was born. The name of the place was Catano. 

The man felt excited having the smartest parrot but he could not understand why the 

parrot would not say Catano. The man tried to teach the bird to say Catano however 

the bird kept not saying the word. 

At the first, the man was very nice to the bird but then he got very angry. “You stupid 

bird!” pointed the man to the parrot. “Why can’t you say the word? Say Catano! Or I 

will kill you” the man said angrily. Although he tried hard to teach, the parrot would 

not say it. Then the man got so angry and shouted to the bird over and over; “Say 

Catano or I’ll kill you”. The bird kept not to say the word of Catano...... 


I. narativi; 

II. aRwera; 

III. biografia; 

IV. ganmarteba. 








177

daakavSireT erTmaneTTan marcxena da marjvena svetebi 

26. aRwera A. movlenebis ganviTarebis, moqmedebis (procesis) 

asaxva drosa da sivrceSi 

27. Txroba B. sagnebisa da movlenebis uZravi (statikuri)suraTebis 

warmodgena; provnebis, sagnis, movlenis 

damaxasiaTebeli niSan-Tvisebebis warmoCena-aRnusxva. 

28. msjeloba C. sagnebisa da movlenebis mizezSedegobrivi 

urTierTmimarTebis gansja (axsna da dasabuTeba) 

29. winadadebas, romelic abzacis mTavar azrs gamoxatavs uwodeben: 

I. konceptualurs; 

II. virtualurs; 

III. poligamurs; 







30 waikiTxeT teqsti: 

In general, Victorian families were big. In 1851 their average size was 4.7, 

roughly the same as it had been in the seventeenth century. The 1½ million 

couples who married during the 1860s raised the figure to 6.2. Only one 

out of eight families had one or two children, while one in six had ten or 

more. 

(Asa Briggs, (1983). A social history of England, p. 244) 

http://www.uefap.com/writing/parag/partopic.htm 

am teqstSi mTavari winadadeba aris: 

A. In general, Victorian families were big. 

B. In 1851 their average size was 4.7, roughly the same as it had been in the 

seventeenth century. 

C. Only one out of eight families had one or two children, while one in six had 

ten or more. 

178

1. romelia teqstebis saxeebi? 

I. mxatvruli da oficialur-saqmiani; 

II. SemoqmedebiTi da pragmatuli. 






testi #2 

2. rogori SeiZleba iyos mxatvruli teqstebi? 

I. TxrobiTi. 

II. lirikuli; 

III. aRweriTi. 

A. 


sworia mxolod I 





3. rogori SeiZleba iyos oficialur-saqmiani teqstebi? 

I. sainformacio; 

II. yofiT-aRweriTi; 

III. procedurul-aRweriTi. 

A. 







4. romeli miekuTvneba SemoqmedebiT teqstebs? 

I. zRapari; 

II. miTi; 

III. balada. 

179

A. 







5. romeli miekuTvneba pragmatul teqstebs? 

I. avtobiografia 

II. axsna-ganmarteba 

III. gancxadeba 

A. 







6. legenda miekuTvneba: 

I. SemoqmedebiT teqstebs; 

II. oficialuyr–saqmian teqstebs; 




C. orive (I, da II) sworia 

D. orive (I, da II) araa swori 

7. romeli saxis teqsti, rogorc wesi, aris erTganzomilebiani da erTgegmiani, 

masSi asaxuli realoba ki namdvili da obieqturi? 

I. mxatvruli; 

II. oficialur–saqmiani; 




C. orive (I, da II) sworia 

180

D. orive (I, da II) araa swori 

8. kontantine gamsaxurdias „didostatis marjvena~ aris: 

I. romani; 

II. drama; 

III. legenda; 

IV. soneti; 








9. romelia „novelas~ ganmarteba? 

I. xalxuri sagmiro simRerebi, poemebi, Tqmulebebi; 

II. patara moTxroba; 

III. didi moculobis TxrobiTi literaturuli nawarmoebi, romelsac axasiaTebs 

rTuli siuJeti; 

IV. literaturis saxeoba, romelic leqsad gadmoscems avtoris grZnobebs, 

gancdebs, azrebs; axasiaTebs mgznebareba; 








10. romelia „lirikis” ganmarteba? 

I. sazogadoebriv-politikuri xasiaTis literatura Tanamedrove aqtualur 

sakiTxebze; 

II. sityvebis saSualebiT azris xatovnad gamosaxva; sityvieri Semoqmedeba, 

upiratesad leqsebis saxiT; 

181

III. literaturis saxeoba, romelic leqsad gadmoscems avtoris grZnobebs, 

gancdebs, azrebs; axasiaTebs mgznebareba. 

A. 







11. romelia „poemis” ganmarteba? 

I. sxarti gamoTqma, romelic Seicavs mniSvnelovan azrs, sibrZnes; 

II. TxrobiTi xasiaTis mxatvruli nawarmoebi leqsad; msxvili formis TxrobiTi 

siuJetis poeturi qmnileba; 

III. xalxuri zepiri gadmocema upiratesad religiuri xasiaTisa; Tqmuleba; 

IV. Tqmuleba, romelSic gadmoicemoda uZvelesi xanis adamianebis rwmena, maTi 


gmirebze; 








12. romelia „elegias” ganmarteba? 

I. sevdiani lirikuli leqsi; garkveuli formis leqsi, romelic dawerilia 

wyvil-wyvil taepebad; 

II. xalxuri zepiri gadmocema upiratesad religiuri xasiaTisa; Tqmuleba; 

III. Tqmuleba, romelSic gadmoicemoda uZvelesi xanis adamianebis rwmena, maTi 


gmirebze; 

IV. ToTxmettaepiani leqsi, romelic Sedgeba ori oTxtaepiani da ori 

samtaepiani strofisagan; 

182








13. romelia „miTis” ganmarteba? 

I. Tqmuleba, romelSic gadmoicemoda uZvelesi xanis adamianebis rwmena, maTi 


gmirebze; 



III. xalxur SemoqmedebaSi _ saxeldaxelod Tqmuli, improvizaciuli stilis, 

gamkilavi, saxumaro Sinaarsis leqsi an simRera; 

IV. teqstis nawili, romlis pirveli striqoni cotaTi Seweulia; TviT Seweuli 

striqoni; 








14. romelia „sonetis” ganmarteba? 

I. Txzulebis an misi calkeuli Tavis win wamZRvarebuli citata, fraza, 

romelic erTgvarad axasiaTebs nawarmoebis ZiriTad ideas; 2. Zvel saberZneTSi: 

saflavis qvis, Zeglis warwera; 



III. ToTxmettaepiani leqsi, romelic Sedgeba ori oTxtaepiani da ori 

samtaepiani strofisagan; 

183

IV. mxatvrul nawarmoebSi ganviTarebuli moqmedebis, ambebis Tanamimdevruli 

gamoxatva; 








15. romelia „gapirovnebis” ganmarteba? 

I. mxatvruli gansazRvra, poeturi ganmarteba, daxasiaTeba. uxSiresad 


II. stili, roca usazRvro karikaturul gazviadebaze, urTierTgamomricxav 

kontrastebze, paradoqsebze agebuli fantaziiT deformirebulia sinamdvile; 

III. mxatvruli gamosaxvis xerxi, romlisTvisac damaxasiaTebelia sagnebisa da 

movlenebisadmi adamianuri Tvisebebis miwera, usulo da sulieri sagnebis 

gaadamianeba. usulo sagani warmodgenilia, rogorc adamiani, romelic grZnobs, 

msjelobs, moqmedebs; 

A. 







16. romelia „epiTetis” ganmarteba? 

I. komikuris erT-erTi saxe, romelic sicilis saSualebiT cdilobs obieqtis 



II. mxatvruli gansazRvra, poeturi ganmarteba, daxasiaTeba. uxSiresad 


III. TavazianobiT SeniRbuli dacinva, damcinavi gadakvriT naTqvami 

(TavSekavebuli, mSvidi, seriozuli toni, garegnulad gamoxatuli pativiscema); 


184

A. 






17. romelia „metáforas” ganmarteba? 

I. komikuris erT-erTi saxe, romelic sicilis saSualebiT cdilobs obieqtis 



II. (berZn. niSnavs „gadatana“) – mxatvruli gamosaxvis stilistikuri xerxi. 



mniSvnelobaze; 

III. (berZ. „gazviadeba“) — tropis iseTi saxea, romelsac sagansa Tu movlenas 

A. 


gadaWarbebas, gazviadebas niSnavs. 








„faskunjis frTebqveS vefxvi mwolari, 

Casafrebuli, rogorc firali" . 

I. Sedareba; 


III. epiTeti; 

IV. hiperbola; 





185





wynari iyo mtrediviTa, 

Tbili, rogorc kvari’’. 

I. Sedareba; 


III. epiTeti; 










,,ukan mosdeven eJvnebiani 

maT varskvlavebi – lurji kvicebi’’. 

I. Sedareba; 

II. metafora; 

III. epiTeti; 










,,yvela furceli 

186

aris foladis nacari” 

I. epiTeti; 

II. metafora; 

III. Sedareba; 










The news story was based on a letter that was a fabrication. Now the reporter 

who wrote the story is in big trouble. Will anyone believe him again? 

ras niSnavs 'fabrication'? 

A. A qarxnuli produqcia; 

B. sicrue; 

C. bestseleri; 

D. pirvelwyaro. 


Maria, I can’t eat or sleep when you are gone. I need to hear your scratchy 

voice and see your lovely toothless smile. I miss that special way that you eat soup 

with your fingers. Please come home soon! 


A. marias cudi Tvisebebi aqvs; 

B. kargi iqneba Tu maria stomatologTan wava; 

C. maria, menatrebi!; 

D. maria, mada damekarga. 

187


One of the most famous women in world history was Cleopatra VII. She was 

the brilliant and beautiful last Pharaoh of Egypt. Historically, she became 

queen of Egypt in 51 B.C. at the age of eighteen. She was 

a Ptolemy, descended from one of Alexander the Great's generals. When she 

was twenty-one, Julius Caesar became her lover. Seven years later she met 

Antony. The romantic tragic relationship continued until they died by suicide 

in 30 B.C. 

I. aRweriTi; 


II. SemoqmedebiTi; 

III. avtobiografia; 

IV. angariSi; 









Have we wondered how we get chocolate from? Well this time we will enter the 

amazing world of chocolate so we can understand exactly we are eating. 

Chocolate starts a tree called cacao tree. This tree grows in equatorial regions, 

especially in place such as South America, Africa, and Indonesia. The cacao tree 

produces a fruit about the size of a small pine apple. In side the fruits are the 

tree's seeds. They are also known as coco beans. 

Next, the beans are fermented for about a week, dried in the sun. After that they 

are shipped to the chocolate maker. The chocolate maker starts by roasting the 

beans to bring out the flavour. Different beans from different places have different 

qualities and flavour. So they are often shorted and blended to produce a distinctive 

mix. 

188

I. oqmi; 

II. aRwera; 

III. biografia; 

IV. ganmarteba; 








daakavSireT marcxena da marjvena svetebi erTmaneTTan 

26. gancxadeba A. literaturuli, mecnieruli naSromis, speqtaklis, 

kinosuraTis an sxv. garCeva-kritikul Sefaseba. 

27. Tezisi B werilobiTi dokumentia, romelic iwereba calkeul 

pirTa mier romelime warmoeba-dawesebulebis an 

misi xelmZRvanelis saxelze da Seicavs Txovnas, 

saCivars an raime saxis Setyobinebas 

28. recenzia E. mokle, logikuri debuleba, romlis WeSmariteba 

unda damtkicdes. Tezisebia: moxsenebis, leqciis, 

samecniero Sromis da misT. mokled 

Camoyalibebuli ZiriTadi debulebani 

29. informacias, romelic teqstis mTavar azrs (ideas) da mis ZiriTad 

debulebes (Tezisebs) warmoadgens uwodeben: 

I. konceptualurs; 

II. virtualurs; 

III. marginalurs; 

A. 






189



The spoken word is a very different thing from the written word. What is 

effective or allowable or desirable in the one may be quite the reverse in the 

other. A speaker cannot correct himself by revision as the writer can and 

should. It is therefore not fair to take a report of a speech or of an oral 

statement and criticise it as if it were a piece of considered writing. 

(Ernest Gowers, (1973) The complete plain words, p. 26) 

http://www.uefap.com/writing/parag/partopic.htm 

am teqstSi mTavari winadadebaa: 

A. The spoken word is a very different thing from the written word; 

B. It is therefore not fair to take a report of a speech or of an oral statement and 

criticise it as if it were a piece of considered writing. 

C. What is effective or allowable or desirable in the one may be quite the reverse in 

the other. 

testi № 1 - pasuxebi 

1. A; 2. D; 3. D; 4. D;D5. E; 6. A; 7. A; 8. A; 9. C; 10. A; 11. D; 12. C; 13. A; 14. A; 15. A; 

16. A; 17. A; 18. A; 19. A; 20. B; 21. B; 22. B; 23. A; 24. B; 25. A. 26. B; 27. A; 28 C; 29. A; 

30. A. 

testi № 2 - pasuxebi 

1. C; 2. D; 3. D; 4. D; 5. D; 6. A; 7. B; 8. A; 9. B; 10. C; 11. B; 12. A; 13. A; 14. C; 15. C; 

16. B; 17. B; 18. A; 19. A; 20. B; 21. B; 22. B; 23. C; 24. A; 25. D; 26. B; 27. C; 28 A; 29. A; 

30. A. 

190

1-li monakveTi 

From: RAGTIME 

danarTi №2 

By E.L. Doctorow 

One afternoon, a Sunday, a new model T-Ford 2 slowly came up the hill and went past the 

house. The boy, who happened to see it from the porch, ran down the steps and stood on the 

sidewalk. The driver was looking right and left as if trying to find a particular address; he turned 

the car around at the comer and came back. Pulling up before the boy, he idled his throttle and 

beckoned with a gloved hand. He was a Negro. His car shone. The brightwork gleamed... I am 

looking for a young woman of color whose name is Sarah, he said. She is said to reside in one of 

these houses. 

The boy realized he meant the woman in the attic. Site's here. The man switched off the 

motor, set the brake and jumped down. 

When Mother came to the door the colored man was respectful, but there was something 

disturbingly resolute and self-important in the way he asked her if he could please speak with 

Sarah. Mother could not judge his age. He was a stocky man with a red-complected shining 

brown face, high cheekbones and large dark eyes so intense as to suggest they were about to 

cross. He had a neat moustache. He was dressed in the affection of wealth to which colored 

people lent themselves. 

She told him to wait and closed the door. She climbed to the third floor. She found the girl 

Sarah not sitting at the window as she usually did but standing rigidly, hands folded in front of 

her, and facing the door. Sarah, Mother said, you have a caller. The girl said nothing. Will you 

come to the kitchen? The girl shook her head. You don't want to see him? No, ma'am, the girl 

finally said softly, while she looked at the floor. Send him away, please. This was the most she 

had said in all the months she had lived in the house. Mother went back downstairs and found the 

fellow not at the back door but in the kitchen where, in the warmth of the corner near the 

cookstove, Sarah's baby lay sleeping in his carriage. The black man was kneeling beside the 

carriage and staring at the child. Mother, not thinking clearly, was suddenly outraged that he had 

presumed to come in the door. Sarah is unable to see you, she said and she held the door open. 

The colored man took another glance at the child, rose, thanked her and departed. 

Such was the coming of the colored man in the car to Broadview Avenue. His name was 

Cualhouse Walker Jr. Beginning with that Sunday he appeared every week, always knocking at 

the back door. Always turning away without complaint upon Sarah's refusal to see him. Father 

considered the visits a nuisance and wanted to discourage them. I'll call the police, he said. 

Mother laid her hand on his arm. One Sunday the colored man left a bouquet of yellow 

chrysanthemums which in this season had to have cost him a pretty penny. 

me-2 monakveTi 

The black girl would say nothing about her visitor. They had no idea where she had met him, 

or how. As far as they knew she had no family nor any friends from the black community in the 

downtown section of the city. Apparently she had come by herself from New York to work as a 

191

servant. Mother was exhilarated by the situation. She began to regret Sarah's intransigence. She 

thought of the drive from Harlem, where Coalhouse Walker Jr. lived, and the drive back, and she 

decided the next time to give him more of a visit. She would serve tea in the parlor. Father 

questioned the propriety of this. Mother said, he is well-spoken and conducts himself as a 

gentleman. I see nothing wrong with it. When Mr Roosevelt 3 was in the White House he gave 

dinner to Booker T. Washington. Surely we can serve tea to Coalhouse Walker Jr. 

And so it happened on the next Sunday that the Negro took tea. Father noted that he suffered 

no embarrassment by being in the parlor with a cup and saucer in his hand. On the contrary, he 

acted as if it was the most natural thing in the world. The surroundings did not awe him nor was 

his manner deferential. He was courteous and correct. He told them about himself. He was a 

professional pianist and was now more or less permanently located in New York, having secured 

a job with the Jim Europe Clef Club Orchestra, a well-known ensemble that gave regular 

concerts at the Manhattan 4 Casino on 155th Street and Eighth Avenue. It was important, he said, 

for a musician to find a place that was permanent, a job that required no travelling... I am 

through travelling, he said. I am through going on the road. He spoke so fervently that Father 

realized the message was intended for the woman upstairs. This irritated him. What can you 

play? he said abruptly. Why don't you play something for us? 

The black man placed tea, on the tray. He rose, patted his lips with the napkin, placed the 

napkin beside his cup and went to the piano. He sat on the piano stool and immediately rose and 

twirled it till the height was to his satisfaction. He sat down again, played a chord and turned to 

them. This piano is badly in need of a tuning, he said. Father's face reddened. Oh, yes, Mother 

said, we are terrible about that. The musician turned again to the keyboard. "Wall Street 5 Rag," 

he said. Composed by the great Scott Joplin. 6 He began to play. Ill-tuned or not the Aeolian had 

never made such sounds. Small clear chords hung in the air like flowers. The melodies were like 

bouquets. There seemed to be no other possibilities for life than those delineated by the music. 

When the piece was over Coalhouse Walker turned on the stool and found in his audience the 

entire family: Mother, Father, the boy, Grandfather and Mother's Younger Brother, who had 

come down from his room in shirt and suspenders to see who was playing. Of all of 

them he was the only one who knew ragtime. He had heard it in his nightlife period in New 

York. He had never expected to hear it in his sister's home. 

me-3 monakveTi 

Coalhouse Walker Jr. turned back to the piano and said "The Maple Leaf". Composed by the 

great Scott Joplin. The most famous rag of all rang through the air. The pianist sat stiffly at the 

keyboard, his long dark hands with their pink nails seemingly with no effort producing the 

clusters of syncopating chords and the thumping octaves. This was a most robust composition, a 

vigorous music that roused the senses and never stood still a moment. The boy perceived it as 

light touching various places in space, accumulating in intricate patterns until the entire room 

was made to glow with its own being. The music filled the stairwell to the third floor where the 

mute and unforgiving Sarah sat with her hands folded and listened with the door open. 

The piece was brought to a conclusion. Everyone applauded. Mother then introduced Mr 

Walker to Grandfather and to Younger Brother, who shook the black man's hand and said I am 

pleased to meet you. Coalhouse Walker was solemn. Everyone was standing. There was a 

silence. Father cleared his throat. Father was not knowledgeable in music. His taste ran to Carrie 

192

Jacobs Bond. 7 He thought Negro music had to have smiling and cakewalking. Do you know any 

coon songs? 8 he said. He did not intend to be rude — coon songs was what they were called. But 

the pianist responded with a tense shake of the head. Coon songs are made for minstrel shows, 9 

he said. White men sing them in black face. There was another silence. The black man looked at 

the ceiling. Well, he said, it appears as if Miss Sarah will not be able to receive me. He turned 

abruptly and walked through the hall to the kitchen. The family followed him. He had left his 

coat on a chair. He put it on and ignoring them all, he knelt and gazed at the baby asleep in its 

carriage. After several moments he stood up, said good day and walked out of the door. 

193

From: LORD OF THE FLIES 

danarTi # 3 

William Golding 

Here and there, little breezes crept over the polished waters beneath the haze of heat. When 

these breezes reached the platform the palm fronds would whisper, so that spots of blurred 

sunlight slid over their bodies or moved like bright, winged things in the shade. 

Piggy looked up at Ralph. All the shadows on Ralph's face were reversed; green above, 

bright below from the lagoon. A blur of sunlight was crawling across his hair. 

"We got to do something." 

Ralph looked through him. Here at last was the imagined out never fully realized place 

leaping into real life. Ralph's lips parted in a delighted smile and Piggy, taking this smile to 

himself as a mark of recognition,laughed with pleasure. 

"If ft really is an island-" 

"What's that?" 

Ralph had stopped smiling and was pointing into the lagoon. Something creamy lay among 

the ferny weeds. 

"A stone." 

"No. A shell" 

Suddenly Piggy was a-bubble with decorous excitement "S'right. It's a shell! I seen one like 

that before. On someone's back wall A conch he called it. He used to blow it and then his mum 

would come. It's ever so valuable-" 

Near to Ralph's elbow a palm sapling leaned out over the lagoon. 

Indeed, the weight was already pulling a lump from the poor soil and soon it would fall. He tore 

out the stem and began to poke about in the water, while the brilliant fish flicked away on this 

side and that. Piggy leaned dangerously. 

"Careful! You'll break it-" 

"Shut up." 

Ralph spoke absently. The shell was interesting and pretty and a worthy plaything; but the 

vivid phantoms of his day-dream still interposed between him and Piggy, who in this context 

was an irrelevance. The palm sapling, bending, pushed the shell across the weeds. Ralph used 

one hand as a fulcrum and pressed down with the other till the shell rose, dripping, and Piggy 

could make a grab. 

Now the shell was no longer a thing seen but not to be touched, Ralph too became excited. 

Piggy babbled: 

"-a conch; ever so expensive. I bet if you wanted to buy one, you'd have to pay pounds and 

pounds and pounds -he had it on his garden wall, and my auntie-" 

Ralph took the shell from Piggy and a little water ran down his arm. In color the shell was 

deep cream, touched here and there with fading pink. Between the point, worn away into a 

little hole, and the pink lips of the mouth, lay eighteen inches of shell with a slight spiral twist 

and covered with a delicate, embossed pattern. Ralph shook sand out of the deep tube. 

"-mooed like a cow," he said. "He had some white stones too, an' a bird cage with a green 

parrot. He didn't blow the white stones, of course, an` he said-" 

Piggy paused for breath and stroked the glistening thing that lay in Ralph's hands. 

"Ralph!" 

Ralph looked up. 

"We can use this to call the others. Have a meeting. They'll come when they hear us-" 

He beamed at Ralph. 

194

"That was what you meant, didn't you? That's why you got the conch out of the water?'' 

Ralph pushed back his fair hair. 

"How did your friend blow the conch?" 

"He kind of spat," said Piggy. "My auntie wouldn't let me blow on account of my asthma. 

He said you blew from down here." Piggy laid a hand on his jutting abdomen. "You try, Ralph. 

You'll call the others." 

Doubtfully, Ralph laid the small end of the shell against his mouth and blew. There came a 

rushing sound from its mouth but nothing more. Ralph wiped the salt water off his lips and 

tried again, but the shell remained silent. 

"He kind of spat." 

Ralph pursed his lips and squirted air into the shell, which emitted a low, farting noise. This 

amused both boys so much that Ralph went on squirting for some minutes, between bouts of 

laughter. 

"He blew from down here." 

Ralph grasped the idea and hit the shell with air from his diaphragm. Immediately the thing 

sounded. A deep, harsh note boomed under the palms, spread through the intricacies of the 

forest and echoed back from the pink granite of the mountain. Clouds of birds rose from the 

tree-tops, and something squealed and ran in the undergrowth. 

Ralph took the shell away from his lips. 

"Gosh!" 

His ordinary voice sounded like a whisper after the harsh note of the conch. He laid the 

conch against his lips, took a deep breath and blew once more. The note Doomed again: and 

then at his firmer pressure, the note, fluking up an octave, became a strident blare more 

penetrating than before. 

Piggy was shouting something, his face pleased, his glasses flashing. The birds cried, small 

animals scuttered. Ralph's breath failed; the note dropped the octave, became a low wubber, 

was a rush of air. 

The conch was silent, a gleaming tusk; Ralph's face was dark with breathlessness and the 

air over the island was full of bird-clamor and echoes ringing. 

"I bet you can hear that for miles." 

Ralph found his breath and blew a series of short blasts. 

Piggy exclaimed: "There's one!" 

195

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