computational quality assessment of hrtfs - Laboratory of ...
computational quality assessment of hrtfs - Laboratory of ...
computational quality assessment of hrtfs - Laboratory of ...
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
(86,3&2;±6HSWHPEHU7DPSHUH)LQODQG<br />
.ODXV$-5LHGHUHU&RPSXWDWLRQDO4XDOLW\$VVHVPHQWRI+57)V<br />
&20387$7,21$/48$/,7<<br />
$66(660(172)+57)6<br />
.ODXV$-5LHGHUHU<br />
/DERUDWRU\RI&RPSXWDWLRQDO(QJLQHHULQJ<br />
/DERUDWRU\RI$FRXVWLFVDQG$XGLR6LJQDO3URFHVVLQJ<br />
+HOVLQNL8QLYHUVLW\RI7HFKQRORJ\+87<br />
32%R[+87)LQODQG<br />
7HOID[<br />
HPDLO.ODXV5LHGHUHU#KXWIL85/ZZZOFHKXWILaNDU<br />
$%675$&7<br />
7KHYHULILFDWLRQRITXDOLW\LQKHDGUHODWHGWUDQVIHUIXQFWLRQ<br />
+57)PHDVXUHPHQWGDWDKROGVDFRPSOH[SUREOHPILHOG<br />
LQYROYLQJ DFRXVWLF EDFNJURXQG QRLVH SK\VLFDO KHDG<br />
PRYHPHQWGLIIHUHQWKHDGVKDSHDQGHOHFWULFDO'&RIIVHW<br />
GHYLDWLRQV 7KH GLVUXSWHG PHDVXUHPHQWV PD\ EH GLIILFXOW<br />
WR VHSDUDWH IURP WKH FRUUHFW RQHV EHFDXVH +57)V DUH<br />
LQKHUHQWO\KLJKO\GHSHQGHQWRQWKHSHUVRQ GLUHFWLRQ DQG<br />
IUHTXHQF\ 6LQFH WKHUH H[LVWV QR ³DEVROXWH WUXWK´ ZKDW D<br />
+57) VKRXOG EH OLNH GHYLDWHG PHDVXUHPHQWV FDQ EH<br />
DVVHVVHG IURP WKH W\SLFDO +57) VKDSH LH WKH FRPPRQ<br />
WUHQG RI WKH PHDVXUHG +57)V 7KLV SDSHU SUHVHQWV DQ<br />
DSSURDFK WR FDOFXODWH DQ REMHFWLYH GHYLDQW PHDVXUH RI<br />
+57)VE\'63PHDQV7KHSHUFHSWXDOO\MXVWLILHGGHYLDQFH<br />
LQGH[ LV DSSOLHG IRU WKH HYDOXDWLRQ RI D +57)<br />
PHDVXUHPHQWV\VWHPDQGD+57)GDWDEDVH<br />
02'(/,1*2)+57)6<br />
7KH KXPDQ DXGLWRU\ V\VWHP SHUFHLYHV WKH VSDWLDO<br />
LQIRUPDWLRQRIDVRXQGVRXUFHE\GHWHFWLQJLQWHUDXUDOWLPH<br />
DQGOHYHO GLIIHUHQFHV ,7'V DQG ,/'V DV ZHOO DV E\ WKH<br />
VSHFWUDO FXHV FDXVHG E\ WKH KXPDQ ERG\ %ODXHUW <br />
7KHLQWHUDFWLRQRIWKHVHPDWWHUVLVGHQRWHGDVKHDGUHODWHG<br />
WUDQVIHU IXQFWLRQV +57)V WKDW LQYROYH PHDVXUHG RU<br />
PRGHOHGUHVSRQVHVRIDVRXQGVRXUFHLQDIUHHILHOGVSDFH<br />
WRDSRLQWLQWKHHDUFDQDO0¡OOHU7KH+57)VDUH<br />
PHDVXUHG DV LPSXOVH UHVSRQVHV XVXDOO\ FD PV<br />
ORQJ DQG WKHQ V\QWKHVL]HG E\ GLJLWDO ILOWHUV LQ RUGHU WR<br />
SURGXFH UHDOLVWLF ' VRXQG RYHU KHDGSKRQHV RU<br />
ORXGVSHDNHUV<br />
8VXDOO\ LQ SUDFWLFH PDWKHPDWLFDO PRGHOLQJ LV XVHG WR<br />
VLPSOLI\ PDVVLYH +57) GDWD VWRUDJH DQG LWV FRQWURO<br />
0RUHRYHUWKHGDWD UHGXFWLRQ PD\ DOVR EH MXVWLILHG EDVHG<br />
RQ WKH KXPDQ SHUFHSWXDO DFFXUDF\ 7KH SHULSKHUDO<br />
UHVROXWLRQ RI D KXPDQ LV SRRUHU DW KLJK IUHTXHQFLHV<br />
EHFDXVHRIWKHZLGHUFULWLFDOEDQGZLGWKRUDXGLWRU\ILOWHU<br />
ZLGWK$OVRYDULRXVSV\FKRDFRXVWLFH[SHULPHQWVVKRZWKDW<br />
WKHORFDOL]DWLRQFDSDELOLWLHVGHSHQGRQWKHVRXQGGLUHFWLRQ<br />
VHHHJ%ODXHUW<br />
'LIIHUHQW PHWKRGV RI +57) PRGHOLQJ KDYH EHHQ<br />
SUHVHQWHG LQ WKH OLWHUDWXUH )RU H[DPSOH VSDWLDO IHDWXUH<br />
H[WUDFWLRQ &KHQ HW DO DQG VSKHULFDO KDUPRQLF<br />
DQDO\VLV (YDQV HW DO LQFOXGH ERWK PDJQLWXGH DQG<br />
SKDVH LQIRUPDWLRQ DQG WKHLU FRQWLQXRXV UHSUHVHQWDWLRQV<br />
DOORZ LQWHUSRODWLRQ RI XQPHDVXUHG GLUHFWLRQV .LVWOHU DQG<br />
:LJKWPDQ PRGHOHG WKH +57) PDJQLWXGH E\<br />
SULQFLSDOFRPSRQHQWDQDO\VLV3&$RIPHDVXUHG+57)V<br />
7KHLU ILUVW ILYH EDVLV YHFWRUV SULQFLSDO FRPSRQHQWV<br />
H[SODLQHGRIWRWDOYDULDQFHRIWKHRULJLQDO GDWD 7KH<br />
SHUFHSWXDOWHVWVVXJJHVWHGWKDW3&$FDSWXUHGQHDUO\DOOWKH<br />
UHOHYDQWGHWDLOVLQWKH+57)V0RWLYDWHGE\WKLVVWXG\WKH<br />
DXWKRUDOVRXVHG3&$DVDVWDUWLQJSRLQW<br />
35,1&,3$/&20321(17$1$/
(86,3&2;±6HSWHPEHU7DPSHUH)LQODQG<br />
.ODXV$-5LHGHUHU&RPSXWDWLRQDO4XDOLW\$VVHVPHQWRI+57)V<br />
'(9,$1&(,1'(;<br />
7KH SULQFLSDO FRPSRQHQW UHFRQVWUXFWLRQ HTXDOV WR D<br />
ZHLJKWHG VXPPDWLRQ RYHU WKH LQSXW GDWD VLPLODU DV LQ<br />
)RXULHU V\QWKHVLV ,I WKH +57) UHFRQVWUXFWLRQ LV GRQH E\<br />
DSSO\LQJ WKH ILUVW SULQFLSDO FRPSRQHQW WKH ILUVW EDVLV<br />
YHFWRUDQGWKHFRUUHVSRQGLQJLQGLYLGXDOZHLJKWVRQO\D<br />
PLQLPXP DPRXQW RI LQGLYLGXDO IHDWXUHV LV LQWURGXFHG LQ<br />
WKH REWDLQHG +57) PRGHO 3&$<br />
<br />
7KHUHIRUH 3&$<br />
<br />
UHSUHVHQWVD³UHIHUHQFH´+57)LHWKHFRPPRQWUHQGRI<br />
DOOWKHPHDVXUHG+57)VSHUHDUDQGGLUHFWLRQVHH)LJV<br />
,QWKLVSDSHURQO\ULJKWHDUUHVSRQVHVDUHVKRZQGXH<br />
WROHQJWKOLPLWDWLRQV<br />
$QHUURUFRXQW(55LVREWDLQHGDVDVTXDUHHUURURYHU<br />
DOO WKH IUHTXHQF\ SRLQWV EHWZHHQ WKH 3&$<br />
<br />
DQG WKH<br />
RULJLQDOPHDVXUHG+57)GLYLGHGQRUPDOL]HGE\WKHWRWDO<br />
HQHUJ\RIWKH 3&$ <br />
(55<br />
SHUVRQDQJOHHDU<br />
<br />
Ê3&$<br />
<br />
-<br />
SHUVRQ <br />
+57)<br />
HDU Q<br />
Q<br />
=<br />
3&$<br />
Ê<br />
Q<br />
<br />
SHUVRQHDUQ<br />
<br />
<br />
SHUVRQHDUQ<br />
7KHQ(55LVVFDOHGVRWKDWDVXLWDEOHUDQJHLVREWDLQHGIRU<br />
WKHGHYLDQFH'(9<br />
'(9<br />
( a <br />
)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
= -<br />
WDQK (55<br />
SHUVRQ DQJOHHDU<br />
DQJOH HDU<br />
SHUVRQ DQJOH HDU<br />
ZKHUHWKHVFDOLQJIDFWRUKDVEHHQFKRVHQH[SHULPHQWDOO\DV<br />
DUFWDQK<br />
a =<br />
DQJOHHDU<br />
PHDQ(55<br />
<br />
SHUVRQDQJOHHDU<br />
<br />
+HQFHWKHYDOXHRIWKHGHYLDQFHLQGH[LV>@OLPLWHG<br />
$PHDVXUHG+57)WKDWGLIIHUVVWURQJO\IURPWKHFRPPRQ<br />
WUHQGRIDOOWKH+57)VKDVDORZ'(9FORVHWR,W<br />
VKRXOGEHXQGHUVWRRGWKDWWKHGHYLDQFHLQGH[LVDQLPSOLFLW<br />
PHDVXUH VKRZLQJ UHODWLYH EHKDYLRU RI +57)V £ LW GRHV<br />
QRWVKRZWKHH[SOLFLW³JRRGQHVV´RI+57)V<br />
67$7,67,&$/$1$/
(86,3&2;±6HSWHPEHU7DPSHUH)LQODQG<br />
.ODXV$-5LHGHUHU&RPSXWDWLRQDO4XDOLW\$VVHVPHQWRI+57)V<br />
FRPPRQ +57) VWUXFWXUH RU WR REVHUYH LPSHUIHFWLRQV LQ<br />
WKHJLYHQ+57)<br />
7KH PHWKRG SUHVHQWHG LQ WKLV SDSHU SURYHG WKH KLJK<br />
TXDOLW\ RI WKH +57) PHDVXUHPHQW V\VWHP EXW GRHV QRW<br />
VKRZ H[SOLFLWO\ GHJUDGHG +57) GDWD SHU SHUVRQ )RU WKH<br />
ODWWHU SXUSRVH PRUH VRSKLVWLFDWHG PHWKRG DQDO\]LQJ DOVR<br />
WKHEDQGOLPLWHGIUHTXHQF\UHVSRQVHDQGWKHWLPHGRPDLQ<br />
UHVSRQVHLVQHFHVVDU\+RZHYHUWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWLVWKH<br />
SHUFHSWXDO HIIHFW +57)V DUH PRVWO\ DSSOLHG IRU '<br />
DXGLR KHQFH OLVWHQLQJ WHVWV DUH XQDYRLGDEOH ZKHQ<br />
DVVHVVLQJWKHTXDOLW\RI+57)GDWD<br />
$&.12:/('*(0(176<br />
7KH DXWKRU ZLVKHV WR WKDQN 'U7HFK -\UL +XRSDQLHPL<br />
1RNLD5HVHDUFK&HQWHU06F0DWWL+lPlOlLQHQ1RNLD<br />
5HVHDUFK &HQWHU 'U7HFK 9HVD 9lOLPlNL +87 3URI<br />
0DWWL .DUMDODLQHQ +87 06F 7LPR .RVWLDLQHQ +87<br />
DQG06F+DUUL/DSSDODLQHQ+87IRUVWLPXODWLQJWDONV<br />
DQGJLYLQJJRRGLGHDVIRUWKHUHVHDUFK<br />
5()(5(1&(6<br />
%ODXHUW - 6SDWLDO +HDULQJ 7KH 3V\FKRSK\VLFV RI<br />
+XPDQ6RXQG/RFDOL]DWLRQ5HYLVHG(GLWLRQ0,73UHVV<br />
&DPEULGJH0DVVDFKXVHWWV86$S<br />
0¡OOHU + )XQGDPHQWDOV RI ELQDXUDO WHFKQRORJ\<br />
$SSOLHG$FRXVWLFVYROSS±<br />
5LHGHUHU . $ - D +HDGUHODWHG WUDQVIHU IXQFWLRQ<br />
PHDVXUHPHQWV 0DVWHUV 7KHVLV +HOVLQNL 8QLYHUVLW\ RI<br />
7HFKQRORJ\ /DERUDWRU\RI $FRXVWLFV DQG $XGLR 6LJQDO<br />
3URFHVVLQJ(VSRR)LQODQGS<br />
5LHGHUHU.$-DQG.DUMDODLQHQ0'63DVSHFWV<br />
RI+57)PHDVXUHPHQWV,Q3URFHHGLQJVRI,(((6LJQDO<br />
3URFHVVLQJ6\PSRVLXP1RUVLJ9LJV¡'HQPDUN-XQH<br />
<br />
5LHGHUHU . $ - E 5HSHDWDELOLW\ DQDO\VLV RI KHDG<br />
UHODWHG WUDQVIHU IXQFWLRQ PHDVXUHPHQWV WK $XGLR<br />
(QJLQHHULQJ 6RFLHW\ &RQYHQWLRQ 6DQ )UDQFLVFR 6HSW<br />
3UHSULQWQR<br />
6PLWK - 2 6 ,,, DQG -RQDWKDQ 6 $ 7KH EDUN<br />
ELOLQHDU WUDQVIRUP 3URF ,((( $663 :RUNVKRS RQ<br />
$SSOLFDWLRQV RI 6LJQDO 3URFHVVLQJ WR $XGLR DQG<br />
$FRXVWLFV 0RKRQN 0RXQWDLQ +RXVH 1HZ 3DOW] 1HZ<br />
(86,3&2;±6HSWHPEHU7DPSHUH)LQODQG<br />
.ODXV$-5LHGHUHU&RPSXWDWLRQDO4XDOLW\$VVHVPHQWRI+57)V<br />
Logarithmic magnitude in dB<br />
Linear magnitude, DEV = 0.1558<br />
20<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0<br />
1.5<br />
1<br />
0.5<br />
54 subj, elev = 0, az = 0, left<br />
10 3 10 4<br />
Frequency scale in Hz<br />
54 subj, elev = 0, az = 0, left<br />
0<br />
0 5 10 15 20<br />
Frequency scale in Bark<br />
Logarithmic magnitude in dB<br />
Linear magnitude, DEV = 0.08521<br />
20<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0<br />
1.5<br />
1<br />
0.5<br />
54 subj, elev = 0, az = 0, right<br />
10 3 10 4<br />
Frequency scale in Hz<br />
54 subj, elev = 0, az = 0, right<br />
0<br />
0 5 10 15 20<br />
Frequency scale in Bark<br />
)LJXUH+57)DQG'(9SORWIRUWKHWHVWVXEMHFWQXPEHU<br />
&RUWH[0.,,VDPHPHDVXUHPHQWDQJOHDVLQ)LJ<br />
Elev = 90<br />
Elev = 30<br />
Elev = 0<br />
Elev = 30<br />
360<br />
270<br />
180<br />
90<br />
0<br />
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51<br />
360<br />
270<br />
180<br />
90<br />
0<br />
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51<br />
360<br />
270<br />
180<br />
90<br />
0<br />
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51<br />
360<br />
270<br />
180<br />
90<br />
0<br />
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51<br />
Test person number<br />
DEVs < 0.2, (subjects 1 - 55, azimuths = 0 - 360), right ears<br />
360<br />
270<br />
180<br />
90<br />
Elev = 60<br />
0<br />
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51<br />
360<br />
270<br />
180<br />
90<br />
0<br />
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51<br />
360<br />
270<br />
180<br />
90<br />
0<br />
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51<br />
Test person number<br />
)LJXUH5LJKWHDU+57)VZKRVH'(9VDUHEHORZ<br />
Elev = 15<br />
Elev = 15<br />
Median <strong>of</strong> DEVs per elevation<br />
Median <strong>of</strong> DEVs per azimuth<br />
Median <strong>of</strong> DEVs per subject<br />
0.8<br />
0.6<br />
0.4<br />
0.2<br />
0<br />
0.8<br />
0.6<br />
0.4<br />
0.2<br />
0.8<br />
0.6<br />
0.4<br />
0.2<br />
0<br />
a) Median <strong>of</strong> DEVs per elevation angle (subjects 1 55, elevs = 90 30, az = 0 360), right ears<br />
90 60 30 15 0 15 30<br />
b) Median <strong>of</strong> DEVs per azimuth angle (subjects 1 55, elevs = 90 30, az = 0 360), leftright ear values<br />
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100110120130140150160170180190200210220230240250260270280290300310320330340350360<br />
c) Median <strong>of</strong> DEVs per test subject (subjects 1 55, elevs = 90 30, az = 0 360), leftright ear values<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455<br />
)LJXUH0HGLDQYDOXHVIRUULJKWHDU+57)PHDVXUHPHQWVDSHUHOHYDWLRQDQJOHESHUD]LPXWKDQJOHFSHUWHVWVXEMHFW<br />
7KHORZHUDQGXSSHUOLQHVRIWKH³ER[´LQGLFDWHWKHDQGSHUFHQWLOHVRIWKHVDPSOH<br />
4