fermentebi fermentebi \\\\ romeli debulebaa swori Km-is Sesaxeb ...
fermentebi fermentebi \\\\ romeli debulebaa swori Km-is Sesaxeb ...
fermentebi fermentebi \\\\ romeli debulebaa swori Km-is Sesaxeb ...
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<strong>fermentebi</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> <strong>debulebaa</strong> <strong>swori</strong> <strong>Km</strong>-<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>?<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong>i sidide ricxvobrivad 1/2 Vmax-<strong>is</strong> tolia<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong>i sidide damokidebulia ferment<strong>is</strong> koncentraciaze<br />
\\ m<strong>is</strong>i sidide ricxobrivad tolia substrat<strong>is</strong> koncentraci<strong>is</strong>a, <strong>romeli</strong>c iZleva<br />
1/2 Vmax-s<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong>i sidide ar ar<strong>is</strong> damokidebuli pH-ze<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>fermentebi</strong>s konkurentuli inhibireb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> marTebulia:<br />
\\\ konkurentuli inhibitori Tav<strong>is</strong>i struqturiT substrat<strong>is</strong>agan mkveTrad<br />
gansxvavebulia<br />
\\\ konkurentuli inhibireba Seuqcevadia;<br />
\\ SeiZleba moixsnas substrat<strong>is</strong> koncentraci<strong>is</strong> gazrdiT;<br />
\\\ SeiZleba moixsnas substrat<strong>is</strong> koncentraci<strong>is</strong> SemcirebiT;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>fermentebi</strong>s romel klass miekuTvneba dehidrogenazebi?<br />
\\\ transferazebs<br />
\\ oqsidoreduqtazebs<br />
\\\ liazebs<br />
\\\ izomerazebs<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> izozimebi erTmaneT<strong>is</strong>agan ar gansxvavdebian:<br />
\\\ pirveladi struqturiT<br />
\\\ fiziko-qimiuri Tv<strong>is</strong>ebebiT<br />
\\ substratuli specifikurobiT<br />
\\\ qsovilebSi lokalizaciiT
<strong>\\\\</strong> alosteruli <strong>fermentebi</strong>s <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> mcdari <strong>debulebaa</strong>:<br />
\\\ alosteruli centri ar<strong>is</strong> ferment<strong>is</strong> aqtiuri centr<strong>is</strong>agan gansxvavebuli<br />
maregulirebeli centri;<br />
\\\ alosteriul centrTan ligand<strong>is</strong> dakavSireba iwvevs ferment<strong>is</strong> molekul<strong>is</strong><br />
konformaciul cvlilebas;<br />
\\\ am tip<strong>is</strong> ferment<strong>is</strong> SemTxvevaSi mrudi, <strong>romeli</strong>c substrat<strong>is</strong> koncentraciaze<br />
reaqci<strong>is</strong> siCqar<strong>is</strong> damokidebulebas asaxavs, sigmoiduri form<strong>is</strong>aa;<br />
\\ substratTan dakavSireb<strong>is</strong> mrudi hiperboluri form<strong>is</strong>aa;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ferment<strong>is</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> klasi saWiroebs kataliz<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> ATP-<strong>is</strong> an NTP-<strong>is</strong><br />
pirofosfaturi bm<strong>is</strong> hidroliz<strong>is</strong> Sedegad gamoyofil energias?<br />
\\\ oqsidoreduqtazebi<br />
\\\ izomerazebi<br />
\\ ligazebi<br />
\\\ transferazebi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> kofermenti monawileobs transferazul reaqciebSi?<br />
\\\ NAD+<br />
\\\ ubiqinoni<br />
\\ piridoqsalfosfati<br />
\\\ FAD<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>fermentebi</strong>s romel klass miekuTvneba oqsidazebi?<br />
\\ oqsidoreduqtazebs<br />
\\\ transferazebs<br />
\\\ liazebs<br />
\\\ izomerazebs<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>fermentebi</strong>s romel klass miekuTvneba laqtatdehidrogenaza?
\\\ izomerazebs<br />
\\ oqsidoreduqtazebs<br />
\\\ liazebs<br />
\\\ transferazebs<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>fermentebi</strong>s <strong>romeli</strong> klasi akatalizebs biosinTezur reaqciebs?<br />
\\\ oqsidoreduqtazebi<br />
\\\ transferazebi<br />
\\ sinTetazebi<br />
\\\ liazebi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>fermentebi</strong>s <strong>romeli</strong> klasi akatalizebs wyl<strong>is</strong> molekul<strong>is</strong> mierTebiT<br />
Sigamolekuluri bm<strong>is</strong> gawyvetas?<br />
\\ hidrolazebi<br />
\\\ izomerazebi<br />
\\\ transferazebi<br />
\\\ ligazebi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>fermentebi</strong>s <strong>romeli</strong> klasi akatalizebs ama Tu im jguf<strong>is</strong> gadatanas erTi<br />
naerTidan meoreze?<br />
\\\ liazebi<br />
\\\ ligazebi<br />
\\\ izomerazebi<br />
\\ transferazebi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>fermentebi</strong>s <strong>romeli</strong> klasi akatalizebs Jangva-aRdgeniT reaqciebs?<br />
\\\ hidrolazebi<br />
\\ oqsidoreduqtazebi
\\\ transferazebi<br />
\\\ liazebi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra axasiaTebs ferment<strong>is</strong> aqtiur centrs?<br />
\\ aqvs samganzomilebiani struqtura;<br />
\\\ ferment-substratuli kompleqs<strong>is</strong> Camoyalibeb<strong>is</strong>as inarCunebs konformacias;<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong> warmoqmnaSi mxolod erTi aminomJavas naSTi monawileobs<br />
\\\ ferment<strong>is</strong> molekulaSi aqtiuri centri warmoqmn<strong>is</strong> hidrofilur ubes<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra axasiaTebs alosterul regulacias?<br />
\\\ alosteruli inhibireba Seuqcevadia;<br />
\\ alosteruli centri ferment<strong>is</strong> aqtivob<strong>is</strong> maregulirebeli centria;<br />
\\\ alosteruli modulatori ferments ukavSirdeba Seuqcevadad;<br />
\\\ alosteruli modulatori ar cvl<strong>is</strong> aqtiuri centr<strong>is</strong> konformacias;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> koferment<strong>is</strong> SemadgenlobaSi Sed<strong>is</strong> vitamini B6:<br />
\\ piridoqsalfosfati<br />
\\\ NAD+<br />
\\\ CoA<br />
\\\ TPP<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> <strong>fermentebi</strong>s kofermentia NAD+?<br />
\\\ aminotransferazeb<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ dehidrogenazeb<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ dehidratazeb<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ karboqsilazeb<strong>is</strong>
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> <strong>fermentebi</strong>s kofermentia FAD?<br />
\\\ proteazeb<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ karboqsilazeb<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ dehidrogenazeb<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ peptidazeb<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> <strong>fermentebi</strong>s kofermentia piridoqsalfosfati?<br />
\\\ oqsidoreduqtazeb<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ transferazeb<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ hidrolazeb<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ izomerazeb<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> <strong>fermentebi</strong>s kofermentia askorbinmJava?<br />
\\\ transferazeb<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ izomerazeb<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ ligazeb<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ oqsidoreduqtazeb<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel vitamins Seicavs piridoqsalfosfati?<br />
\\\ B1<br />
\\\ B2<br />
\\\ B3<br />
\\ B6<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> oqsidoreduqtazebs miekuTvneba:<br />
\\\ aldolaza<br />
\\\ glukokinaza
\\\ citratsinTaza<br />
\\ suqcinatdehidrogenaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> oqsidoreduqtazebs ar miekuTvneba:<br />
\\\ izocitratdehidrogenaza<br />
\\\ malatdehidrogenaza<br />
\\ lipoproteinlipaza<br />
\\\ laqtatdehidrogenaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> alkoholdehidrogenaza gardaqmn<strong>is</strong> meTanols (CH3OH) toqsikur naerTSi<br />
- formaldehidSi (CH2O). pacientebs, romlebsac miRebuli aqvT meTanol<strong>is</strong><br />
momwamvleli raodenoba, uniSnaven eTanols (CH3CH2OH). CamoTvlilTagan<br />
<strong>romeli</strong> axsna udevs safuZvlad am daniSnulebas?<br />
\\\ eTanoli meTanol<strong>is</strong> struqturuli analogia da SeiZleba iyos efeqturi<br />
arakonkurentuli inhibitori;<br />
\\ eTanoli meTanol<strong>is</strong> struqturuli analogia da mosalodnelia efeqturi<br />
konkurencia meTanolTan ferment<strong>is</strong> aqtiuri centr<strong>is</strong> dasakaveblad;<br />
\\\ mosalodnelia, rom eTanoli Secvl<strong>is</strong> alkoholdehidrogenazas Vmax-s<br />
meTanol<strong>is</strong> mimarT;<br />
\\\ eTanoli iqneba meTanol<strong>is</strong> daJangv<strong>is</strong> efeqturi inhibitori, roml<strong>is</strong><br />
efeqturoba ar iqneba damokidebuli meTanol<strong>is</strong> koncentraciaze;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> Jangva-aRdgeniT kofermentebs miekuTvneba:<br />
\\ NAD+<br />
\\\ piridoqsalfosfati<br />
\\\ koenzimi A<br />
\\\ Tiaminpirofosfati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> rogor gavlenas axdens ferment<strong>is</strong> arakonkurentuli inhibitori<br />
kinetikur maCveneblebze?<br />
\\\ aqveiTebs <strong>Km</strong>-s Vmax-<strong>is</strong> cvlileb<strong>is</strong> gareSe;<br />
\\\ zrd<strong>is</strong> Vmax-s <strong>Km</strong>-<strong>is</strong> cvlileb<strong>is</strong> gareSe;<br />
\\ amcirebs Vmax-s <strong>Km</strong>-<strong>is</strong> cvlileb<strong>is</strong> gareSe;<br />
\\\ amcirebs orive maCvenebels;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong>a qimotripsin<strong>is</strong> aqtiuri centr<strong>is</strong> katalizuri triada?<br />
\\\ fenilalanini-lizini-glicini<br />
\\\ Tirozini-izoleicini-leicini<br />
\\ aspartati-h<strong>is</strong>tidini-serini
\\\ glutamati-serini-aspartati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> qimotripsin<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> mcdari <strong>debulebaa</strong>:<br />
\\\ igi serinproteazaa;<br />
\\\ akatalizebs fenilalanin<strong>is</strong>, tirozin<strong>is</strong> da triftofan<strong>is</strong> monawileobiT<br />
Seqmnili peptiduri kavSir<strong>is</strong> hidrolizs;<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong> mier katalizebul reaqciebSi warmoiqmneba oqsianionebi;<br />
\\ m<strong>is</strong> aqtiur centrSi moieriSe jgufia lizin<strong>is</strong> aminojgufi;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> kofermenti asrulebs wyalbadatomeb<strong>is</strong> donor<strong>is</strong> rols piruvat<strong>is</strong><br />
aRdgen<strong>is</strong> reaqciaSi?<br />
\\\ FADH2<br />
\\\ FMNH2<br />
\\ NADH<br />
\\\ NADPH<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> ferment<strong>is</strong> kofermentia lipomJava?<br />
\\\ izocitratdehidrogenazas<br />
\\\ malatdehidrogenazas<br />
\\\ citratsinTazas<br />
\\ alfa-ketoglutaratdehidrogenazas<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> gamaaqtivebel-transferul koenzimebs ar miekuTvneba:<br />
\\\ biotini<br />
\\\ CoA<br />
\\\ piridoqsalfosfati<br />
\\ FMN<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> Jangva-aRdgeniT koenzimebs ar miekuTvneba:<br />
\\\ FMN
\\\ NAD+<br />
\\\ FAD<br />
\\ piridoqsalfosfati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> oqsidoreduqtazeb<strong>is</strong> koenzimebs ar miekuTvneba:<br />
\\ biotini<br />
\\\ NAD+<br />
\\\ vitamin C<br />
\\\ FMN<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> ferment<strong>is</strong> kofermentia FAD ?<br />
\\\ NADH dehidrogenaza<br />
\\\ malatdehidrogenaza<br />
\\ suqcinatdehidrogenaza<br />
\\\ piruvatkarboqsilaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>fermentebi</strong>s romel klass miekuTvneba heqsokinaza?<br />
\\\ liazebs<br />
\\\ hidrolazebs<br />
\\ transferazebs<br />
\\\ oqsidoreduqtazebs<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> CamoTvlilTagan, <strong>romeli</strong> debuleba aRwers alosteruli <strong>fermentebi</strong>s<br />
umetesobas?<br />
\\\ <strong>is</strong>ini ZiriTad Sedgebian erTi suberTeul<strong>is</strong>gan;<br />
\\\ efeqtor<strong>is</strong> gareSe maT axasiaTebT miqael<strong>is</strong>-menTen<strong>is</strong> tip<strong>is</strong> kinetika;<br />
\\ axasiaTebT kooperatuloba;<br />
\\\ maT gaaCniaT alosteruli aqtivatorebi, romlebic ukavSirdebian<br />
katalizur saits;
<strong>\\\\</strong> rogor moqmedeben <strong>fermentebi</strong>, rogorc katalizatorebi?<br />
\\\ zrdian aqtivaci<strong>is</strong> energias;<br />
\\ amcireben aqtivaci<strong>is</strong> energias;<br />
\\\ zrdian produqt<strong>is</strong> energgetikul dones;<br />
\\\ amcireben reaqci<strong>is</strong> Tav<strong>is</strong>ufal energias;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra faqtorma SeiZleba gazardos <strong>fermentebi</strong>s aqtivoba?<br />
\\\ substrat<strong>is</strong> koncentraci<strong>is</strong> Semcirebam;<br />
\\\ produqt<strong>is</strong> koncentraci<strong>is</strong> matebam;<br />
\\ kovalenturma modifikaciam;<br />
\\\ gen<strong>is</strong> represiam;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> ferment<strong>is</strong> kofermentia Tiaminpirofosfati?<br />
\\\ suqcinatdehidrogenaza<br />
\\ piruvatdehidrogenaza<br />
\\\ izocitratdehidrogenaza<br />
\\\ fumaraza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> kofermenti monawileobs karboqsilireb<strong>is</strong> reaqciebSi?<br />
\\\ FAD<br />
\\\ CoA<br />
\\ biotini<br />
\\\ vitamin C<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> Jangva-aRdgeniT procesebSi ar monawileobs:<br />
\\\ FAD<br />
\\ TPP<br />
\\\ NAD+<br />
\\\ vitamin E<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>fermentebi</strong>s romel klass miekuTvneba glukokinaza?<br />
\\\ liazebs
\\\ hidrolazebs<br />
\\ transferazebs<br />
\\\ oqsidoreduqtazebs<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>fermentebi</strong>s konkurentuli inhibitorebi gamoiyenebian, rogorc wamlebi. <strong>is</strong>ini<br />
cvlian:<br />
\\\ reaqci<strong>is</strong> Vmax-s<br />
\\ reaqci<strong>is</strong> <strong>Km</strong> –s<br />
\\\ rogorc V max-s, <strong>is</strong>e <strong>Km</strong> –s<br />
\\\ substrat<strong>is</strong> mimarT specifikurobas<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> ferment<strong>is</strong> aqtivoba matulobs s<strong>is</strong>xl<strong>is</strong> SratSi hepatiteb<strong>is</strong> dros?<br />
\\ alaninaminotransferazas<br />
\\\ heqsokinazas<br />
\\\ kreatinfosfokinazas<br />
\\\ aldolaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> ferment<strong>is</strong> aqtivoba matulobs s<strong>is</strong>xl<strong>is</strong> SratSi miokardium<strong>is</strong> infarqt<strong>is</strong><br />
dros?<br />
\\ aspartataminotransferazas<br />
\\\ arginazas<br />
\\\ glutamatdehidrogenazas<br />
\\\ amilazas<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> proteinkinaza axorcielebs mxolod garkveuli hidroqsil<strong>is</strong> jgufeb<strong>is</strong><br />
fosforilirebas. CamoTvlilTagan, <strong>romeli</strong> aminomJavebi Seicaven<br />
hidroqsil<strong>is</strong> jgufs?<br />
\\\ aspartati, glutamati da serini;<br />
\\ serini, treonini da tirozini;<br />
\\\ treonini, fenilalanini da arginini;<br />
\\\ lizini, arginini da prolini;
<strong>\\\\</strong> ipoveT ara<strong>swori</strong> debuleba fermentuli reaqci<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>:<br />
\\\ reaqci<strong>is</strong> siCqare ganpirobebulia im molekuleb<strong>is</strong> ricxviT, romelsac sakmar<strong>is</strong>i<br />
energia gaaCniaT aqtivaci<strong>is</strong> energi<strong>is</strong> gadasalaxad<br />
\\ fermenti cvl<strong>is</strong> substrat<strong>is</strong>a da produqt<strong>is</strong> sawy<strong>is</strong> energetikul dones<br />
\\\ substrat<strong>is</strong>a da gardamavali mdgomareob<strong>is</strong> kompleqs<strong>is</strong> energi<strong>is</strong> doneebs Sor<strong>is</strong><br />
sxvaobas aqtivaci<strong>is</strong> energias uwodeben<br />
\\\ gardamavali mdgomareob<strong>is</strong> kompleqsi warmoqmn<strong>is</strong> Semdeg SeiZleba daiSalos<br />
<strong>is</strong>ev substrat<strong>is</strong> an produqt<strong>is</strong> warmoqmniT<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ferment<strong>is</strong> aqtiuri centr<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> mcdari <strong>debulebaa</strong>:<br />
\\\ es ar<strong>is</strong> ubani, sadac mimdinareobs reaqcia<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong> farglebSi Sed<strong>is</strong> ferment<strong>is</strong> aminomJavuri radikalebi, koenzimebi, metalebi<br />
\\ reaqci<strong>is</strong> mimdinareob<strong>is</strong> dros ar ganicd<strong>is</strong> konformaciul cvlilebebs<br />
\\\ mas aqvs samganzomilebiani struqtura<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> vitaminebi warmoqmnian Jangva-aRdgeniT koenzimebs?<br />
\\ PP da B2<br />
\\\ B6 da H<br />
\\\ K da A<br />
\\\ D da B1<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> qimotripsin<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> ara<strong>swori</strong>a:<br />
\\\ serinuli proteazaa<br />
\\\ warmoqmn<strong>is</strong> oqsianionur gardamaval kompleqss<br />
\\ qimotripsin<strong>is</strong> moqmedebiT wydeba d<strong>is</strong>ulfiduri bmebi<br />
\\\ Trombin<strong>is</strong> aqtiuri centr<strong>is</strong> katalizuri triada qimotripsin<strong>is</strong> triad<strong>is</strong><br />
identuria
<strong>\\\\</strong> alkoholdehidrogenaza miekuTvneba:<br />
\\ oqsidoreduqtazebs<br />
\\\ liazebs<br />
\\\ ligazebs<br />
\\\ hidrolazebs<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> alosterul fermentebTan dakavSirebiT ar ar<strong>is</strong> <strong>swori</strong>:<br />
\\\ alosteruli <strong>fermentebi</strong>s umetesoba oligomerulia<br />
\\\ axasiaTebT kooperatiuloba<br />
\\\ alosteruli inhibireba Seqcevadia<br />
\\ alosteruli ferment<strong>is</strong> substratTan damokidebuleb<strong>is</strong> mruds hiperbolas<br />
forma aqvs<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>fermentebi</strong> Seuqcevadad inhibirdebian:<br />
\\ proteolizuri gaxleCviT<br />
\\\ modulatori proteiniT<br />
\\\ reaqci<strong>is</strong> produqtiT<br />
\\\ alosteruli modifikaciiT<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>fermentebi</strong>s romel klass miekuTvneba qimotripsini?<br />
\\\ oqsidoreduqtazebs<br />
\\ hidrolazebs<br />
\\\ transferazebs<br />
\\\ liazebs<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> <strong>fermentebi</strong>s kofermentia piridoqsalfosfati?<br />
\\\ oqsidoreduqtazeb<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ transferazeb<strong>is</strong>
\\\ hidrolazeb<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ izomerazeb<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> Jangva-aRdgeniT kofermentebs miekuTvneba:<br />
\\ NAD+<br />
\\\ piridoqsalfosfati<br />
\\\ koenzimi A<br />
\\\ Tiaminpirofosfati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> vitamin<strong>is</strong> nawarmia CoA?<br />
\\\ Tiamin<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ riboflavin<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ pantoTenat<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ askorbat<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>fermentebi</strong>s regulirebul sinTezTan dakavSirebiT ar ar<strong>is</strong> <strong>swori</strong>:<br />
\\\ <strong>fermentebi</strong>s sinTezi regulirdeba transkrifci<strong>is</strong> doneze<br />
\\\ <strong>fermentebi</strong>s sinTez<strong>is</strong> induqcia/represia regulirdeba organizm<strong>is</strong><br />
moTxovnileb<strong>is</strong> mixedviT<br />
\\ <strong>fermentebi</strong>s sinTez<strong>is</strong> regulacia Zalian swrafad xdeba<br />
\\\ <strong>fermentebi</strong>s sinTez<strong>is</strong> induqcia/represia sakmaod nela mimdinareobs<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ferment-substratuli kompleqs<strong>is</strong> warmoqmnasTan dakavSirebiT romel<br />
debulebas ar eTanxmebiT?<br />
\\\ am kompleqsSi substrati aqtivirebulia<br />
\\ ferment-substratuli kompleqsi dabali energi<strong>is</strong> mqone stabiluri<br />
konformaciaa<br />
\\\ warmoiqmneba arakovalenturi kavSiri substratsa da ferments Sor<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ Zlierdeba komplementaroba fermentsa da substrats Sor<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> kofermenti Seicavs adenozindifosfats?
\\\ biotini<br />
\\\ TPP<br />
\\ CoA<br />
\\\ NAD+<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ras efuZneba <strong>fermentebi</strong>s klasifikacia ?<br />
\\ katalizebuli reaqci<strong>is</strong> tips<br />
\\\ reaqciaSi monawile kofermentebs<br />
\\\ ferment<strong>is</strong> konformacias<br />
\\\ substrateb<strong>is</strong> Tv<strong>is</strong>ebebs<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong>a ara<strong>swori</strong> debuleba <strong>fermentebi</strong>s <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>?<br />
\\ <strong>fermentebi</strong> zrdian aqtivaci<strong>is</strong> energias<br />
\\\ <strong>fermentebi</strong> reaqci<strong>is</strong> procesSi ar ixarjebian<br />
\\\ <strong>fermentebi</strong> amcireben aqtivaci<strong>is</strong> energias<br />
\\\ fermentebs axasiaTebs specifikuroba<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ferment<strong>is</strong> aqtiuri centr<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> mcdari <strong>debulebaa</strong>:<br />
\\\ es ar<strong>is</strong> ubani, sadac mimdinareobs reaqcia<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong> farglebSi Sed<strong>is</strong> ferment<strong>is</strong> aminomJavuri radikalebi koenzimebi, metalebi,<br />
\\ reaqci<strong>is</strong> mimdinareob<strong>is</strong> dros ar ganicd<strong>is</strong> konformaciul cvlilebebs<br />
\\\ mas aqvs samganzomilebiani struqtura<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> debulebiT SeiZleba davaxasiaToT gardamavali mdgomareob<strong>is</strong><br />
kompleqsi?<br />
\\\ mas aqvs dabali energetikuli done<br />
\\ iqmneba ferment<strong>is</strong>a da aqtivirebuli substrat<strong>is</strong>agan<br />
\\\ mas aqvs stabiluri eleqtronuli konfiguracia
\\\ m<strong>is</strong>i daSliT aucileblad produqti miiReba<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> aminomJaveb<strong>is</strong> monawileobiT warmoqmnil peptiduri bm<strong>is</strong> hidrolizs<br />
axorcielebs qimotripsini?<br />
\\\ alanini, valini, serini<br />
\\\ glicini, meTionini, aspartati<br />
\\\ izoleicini, glutamini, h<strong>is</strong>tidini<br />
\\ fenilalanini, tirozini, triftofani<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> gamaaqtivebel-transferuli koenzimeb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> ar ar<strong>is</strong> damaxasiaTebeli:<br />
\\ eleqtroneb<strong>is</strong>a da protoneb<strong>is</strong> transporti<br />
\\\ specifikuri qimiuri jguf<strong>is</strong> monawileoba fermentTan dasakavSireblad<br />
\\\ gansxvavebuli qimiuri jgufiT substratTan kovalenturi dakavSireba<br />
\\\ fermentze damokidebuleba substrat<strong>is</strong> mimarT specifikurob<strong>is</strong> SesaZenad<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> amoarCieT <strong>swori</strong> debuleba <strong>fermentebi</strong>s <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>:<br />
\\\ <strong>fermentebi</strong> araorganuli katalizatorebia<br />
\\\ <strong>fermentebi</strong> fibriluri cilebia<br />
\\\ <strong>fermentebi</strong> zrdian aqtivaci<strong>is</strong> energias<br />
\\ <strong>fermentebi</strong> amcireben aqtivaci<strong>is</strong> energias<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> qimotripsin<strong>is</strong> aqtiuri centr<strong>is</strong> aminomJavuri triada ar<strong>is</strong>:<br />
\\\ aspartat-h<strong>is</strong>tidin-glicini<br />
\\\ glutamat-serin-c<strong>is</strong>teini<br />
\\\ h<strong>is</strong>tidin-serin-c<strong>is</strong>teini<br />
\\ aspartat-h<strong>is</strong>tidin-serini
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel klass miekuTvneba fermenti, romelsac gadaaqvs aminojgufi erTi<br />
nivTierebidan meoreze?<br />
\\\ liazebs<br />
\\\ oqsidoreduqtazebs<br />
\\ transferazebs<br />
\\\ hidrolazebs<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra ewodeba katalizurad araaqtiur cilas, <strong>romeli</strong>c miiReba aqtiuri<br />
fermentidan kofaqtor<strong>is</strong> CamocilebiT?<br />
\\\ aqtivatori<br />
\\ apofermenti<br />
\\\ profermenti<br />
\\\ prefermenti<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> koenzimA-s (CoA) funqciurad aqtiur jgufs warmoadgens:<br />
\\\ OH<br />
\\\ azot<strong>is</strong> atomi<br />
\\ sulfhidriluri jgufi<br />
\\\ aldehid<strong>is</strong> jgufi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> <strong>debulebaa</strong> ara<strong>swori</strong> konkurentuli inhibireb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>?<br />
\\\ konkurentuli inhibitori ferments ukavSirdeba aqtiur saitSi<br />
\\\ konkurentuli inhibitori zrd<strong>is</strong> <strong>Km</strong>-s da ar cvl<strong>is</strong> Vmax<br />
\\\ konkurentuli inhibitori substrat<strong>is</strong> struqturuli analogia<br />
\\ konkurentuli inhibireba Seuqcevadia<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>fermentebi</strong> Seuqcevadad inhibirdebian :<br />
\\\ maTi substrateb<strong>is</strong> struqturuli analogebiT
\\\ reaqci<strong>is</strong> produqtiT<br />
\\ zimogeneb<strong>is</strong> proteoliziT<br />
\\\ alosteruli efeqtoriT<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>fermentebi</strong> Seuqcevadad inhibirdebian:<br />
\\ proteolizuri gaxleCviT<br />
\\\ modulatori proteiniT<br />
\\\ reaqci<strong>is</strong> produqtiT<br />
\\\ alosteruli modifikaciiT<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> <strong>debulebaa</strong> ara<strong>swori</strong> alosterul regulaciasTan dakavSirebiT?<br />
\\\ alosteruli aqtivatori zrd<strong>is</strong> ferment<strong>is</strong> afinurobas substrat<strong>is</strong> mimarT<br />
\\ alosteruli inhibitori amcirebs ferment<strong>is</strong> <strong>Km</strong>-s(SO,5-s)<br />
\\\ alosteruli aqtivatori amcirebs ferment<strong>is</strong> <strong>Km</strong>-s (SO,5-s)<br />
\\\ alosterul fermentebs aqvT dadebiTi kooperatiulob<strong>is</strong> unari<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> gardamaval mdgomareob<strong>is</strong> kompleqsSi:<br />
\\\ substrati sustad ar<strong>is</strong> dakavSirebuli ferment<strong>is</strong> funqciur jgufebTan<br />
\\\ substrati maqsimalurad stabiluria<br />
\\\ yvela ferments axasiaTebs kovalenturi intermediateb<strong>is</strong> warmoqmna<br />
\\ substratSi adgili aqvs eleqtronul-konfiguraciul Zvrebs<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> azieleb<strong>is</strong> zemgrZnobeloba alkohol<strong>is</strong> mimarT gamowveulia:<br />
\\\ alkoholdehidrogenazas Vmax-<strong>is</strong> gazrdiT<br />
\\ aldehiddehidrogenazas <strong>Km</strong>-<strong>is</strong> gazrdiT NAD-<strong>is</strong> mimarT<br />
\\\ aldehiddehidrogenazas <strong>Km</strong>-<strong>is</strong>SemcirebiT NAD-<strong>is</strong> mimarT<br />
\\\ alkoholdehidrogenazas Vmax-<strong>is</strong> SemcirebiT
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> vitamin<strong>is</strong> nawarmia NAD?<br />
\\ niacin<strong>is</strong> B<br />
\\\ Tiamin<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ piridoqsin<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ riboflavin<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> vitamin<strong>is</strong> nawarmia FAD?<br />
\\\ niacin<strong>is</strong> B<br />
\\\ Tiamin<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ piridoqsin<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ riboflavin<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> vitamin<strong>is</strong> nawarmia FMN?<br />
\\\ niacin<strong>is</strong> B<br />
\\\ Tiamin<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ piridoqsin<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ riboflavin<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> riTia ganpirobebuli <strong>fermentebi</strong>s aqtivob<strong>is</strong> damokidebuleba pH-ze?<br />
\\\ dabali pH-<strong>is</strong> pirobebSi pirveladi struqtur<strong>is</strong> darRveviT<br />
\\\ Zlier mJave areSi damatebiTi wyalbaduri bmeb<strong>is</strong> warmoqmniT<br />
\\\ Zlier tute areSi <strong>fermentebi</strong>s kaTionur formaSi gadasvliT<br />
\\ optimaluri pH-<strong>is</strong> pirobebSi funqciuri jgufeb<strong>is</strong> Sesabam<strong>is</strong>i ionizaciiT<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra tip<strong>is</strong> inhibitoria aspirini?<br />
\\\ konkurentuli
\\\ arakonkurentuli<br />
\\ kovalenturi<br />
\\\ alosteruli<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> alosteruli aqtivatori:<br />
\\ zrd<strong>is</strong> ferment<strong>is</strong> afinurobas substrat<strong>is</strong> mimarT<br />
\\\ amcirebs ferment<strong>is</strong> afinurobas substrat<strong>is</strong> mimarT<br />
\\\ ufro mWidrod ukavSirdeba T-formas, vidre R-formas<br />
\\\ amcirebs aqtiuri konformaci<strong>is</strong> mqone ferment<strong>is</strong> raodenobas<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> alosteruli inhibitori:<br />
\\\ zrd<strong>is</strong> ferment<strong>is</strong> afinurobas substrat<strong>is</strong> mimarT<br />
\\ amcirebs ferment<strong>is</strong> afinurobas substrat<strong>is</strong> mimarT<br />
\\\ ufro mWidrod ukavSirdeba R-formas, vidre T–formas<br />
\\\ zrd<strong>is</strong> aqtiuri konformaci<strong>is</strong> mqone ferment<strong>is</strong> raodenobas<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> proteinkinaza A-Tan dakavSirebiT ar ar<strong>is</strong> <strong>swori</strong>:<br />
\\\ miekuTvneba serin/Treonin proteinkinazebs<br />
\\\ monawileobs fosforilireb<strong>is</strong> kaskadSi<br />
\\\ aqtiurdeba cAMP-iT<br />
\\ CarTulia insuliniT inicirebul signal<strong>is</strong> transduqciaSi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>fermentebi</strong>s romel klass miekuTvneba mutazebi ?<br />
\\\ hidrolazebs<br />
\\ izomerazebs<br />
\\\ liazebs<br />
\\\ ligazebs
<strong>\\\\</strong> CamoTvlili aminomJavebidan romels Seicavs serinproteazeb<strong>is</strong> aqtiuri<br />
centri?<br />
\\\ asparagins<br />
\\\ Treonins<br />
\\ serins<br />
\\\ arginins<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> klas<strong>is</strong> fermenti uzrunvelyofs D-laqtat<strong>is</strong> gardaqmnas L-laqtatad?<br />
\\\ oqsidoreduqtazeb<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ hidrolazeb<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ izomerazeb<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ transferazeb<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> nikr<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> qar<strong>is</strong> samkurnalod iyeneben alopurinols, <strong>romeli</strong>c qsantin<strong>is</strong><br />
struqturuli analogia. rasTan ar<strong>is</strong> dakavSirebuli alopurinol<strong>is</strong> Terapiuli<br />
efeqti?<br />
\\\ qsantinoqsidazas alosterul aqtivirebasTan<br />
\\ qsantinoqsidazas konkurentul inhibirebasTan<br />
\\\ qsantinoqsidazas arakonkurentul inhibirebasTan<br />
\\\ qsantinoqsidazas kovalentur modificirebasTan<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>fermentebi</strong>s aqtivob<strong>is</strong> regulaci<strong>is</strong> romel gzas miekuTvneba maTi<br />
fosforileba/defosforileba?<br />
\\\ gen<strong>is</strong> transkrifci<strong>is</strong> siCqar<strong>is</strong> cvlilebas<br />
\\ kovalentur modificirebas<br />
\\\ alosterul modificirebas<br />
\\\ zimogen<strong>is</strong> proteolizur gaxleCvas
<strong>\\\\</strong> CamoTvlilTagan <strong>romeli</strong>a ferment<strong>is</strong> araaqtiuri winamorbedi_ zimogeni?<br />
\\\ HMG-CoA reduqtaza<br />
\\\ pepsini<br />
\\ tripsinogeni<br />
\\\ lipoproteinlipaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong>a mcdari debuleba penicilinTan dakavSirebiT?<br />
\\\ gardamavali kompleqs<strong>is</strong> analogia<br />
\\ substratze da produqtze sustad ukavSirdeba ferments<br />
\\\ ainhibirebs baqteriuli ujred<strong>is</strong> glikopeptidiltransferazas<br />
\\\ miekuTvneba Seuqcevad inhibitorebs<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra ewodeba ferment<strong>is</strong> araaqtiur prekursors?<br />
\\\ aqtivatori<br />
\\\ apofermenti<br />
\\ zimogeni<br />
\\\ izozimi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> ferment<strong>is</strong> aqtivobiT msjeloben pankreasul daavadebebze?<br />
\\ alfa-amilazas<br />
\\\ tute fosfatazas<br />
\\\ kreatinkinazas<br />
\\\ lizozim<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>fermentebi</strong>s aqtivob<strong>is</strong> regulaci<strong>is</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> tipi ar miekuTvneba<br />
konformaciuli cvlilebebiT gamowveul regulacias?<br />
\\\ alosteruli aqtivacia da inhibireba<br />
\\\ kovalenturi modifikaciebi
\\ regulacia substrat<strong>is</strong> koncentraciiT<br />
\\\ regulacia cilebs Sor<strong>is</strong> urTierTqmedebiT<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>fermentebi</strong>s romel klass miekuTvneba laqtatdehidrogenaza?<br />
\\\ izomerazebs<br />
\\ oqsidoreduqtazebs<br />
\\\ liazebs<br />
\\\ transferazebs<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>fermentebi</strong>s <strong>romeli</strong> klasi akatalizebs biosinTezur reaqciebs?<br />
\\\ oqsidoreduqtazebi<br />
\\\ transferazebi<br />
\\ sinTetazebi<br />
\\\ liazebi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>fermentebi</strong>s <strong>romeli</strong> klasi akatalizebs naerTTa hidrolizur daSlas?<br />
\\ hidrolazebi<br />
\\\ izomerazebi<br />
\\\ transferazebi<br />
\\\ ligazebi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> FAD-<strong>is</strong> funqciurad aqtiuri jgufia:<br />
\\ izoaloqsazin<strong>is</strong> birTvi<br />
\\\ ribitol<strong>is</strong> naSTi<br />
\\\ adenozin<strong>is</strong> naSTi<br />
\\\ nikotinamidi
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> <strong>fermentebi</strong>s kofaqtoria piridoqsalfosfati?<br />
\\ aminotransferazeb<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ hidroqsilazeb<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ karboqsilazeb<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ peptidazeb<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> Jangva-aRdgeniT koenzimebs ar miekuTvneba:<br />
\\\ vitamini C<br />
\\\ NAD+<br />
\\ biotini<br />
\\\ FAD<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> alosteruli <strong>fermentebi</strong>s <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> ara<strong>swori</strong>a:<br />
\\ <strong>is</strong>ini ZiriTadad monomeruli cilebia<br />
\\\ monawileoben multifermentul procesebSi<br />
\\\ Seicaven aqtiur da alosterul centrebs<br />
\\\ ukavSirdebian alosterul efeqtorebs<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> fermentTa <strong>romeli</strong> klasi akatalizebs reaqcias: R-R1 + H2O ---- R-H + R1-OH<br />
\\\ transferazebi<br />
\\\ liazebi<br />
\\\ izomerazebi<br />
\\ hidrolazebi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> <strong>debulebaa</strong> ara<strong>swori</strong> <strong>fermentebi</strong>s <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>?<br />
\\\ cvlian reaqci<strong>is</strong> siCqares<br />
\\\ axasiTebT specifikuroba
\\\ axoriceleben regulatorul kontrols<br />
\\ organizmSi saWiroeb<strong>is</strong> mixedviT qmnian axal reaqciebs<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> fermentTa romel klass miekuTvneba malatdehidrogenaza?<br />
\\\ ligazebs<br />
\\\ izomerazebs<br />
\\ oqsidoreduqtazebs<br />
\\\ transferazebs<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> kinazuri reaqci<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> damaxasiaTebelia:<br />
\\\ wyalbad-ion<strong>is</strong> transferi<br />
\\ fosfaturi jguf<strong>is</strong> damateba an CamoSoreba<br />
\\\ ketonuri jguf<strong>is</strong> damateba an CamoSoreba<br />
\\\ polipeptidur jaWvze aminomJav<strong>is</strong> damateba an Camocileba<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra gziT axorcielebs fermenti bioqimiuri reaqci<strong>is</strong> siCqar<strong>is</strong> efeqtur zrdas?<br />
\\ aqtivaci<strong>is</strong> energi<strong>is</strong> daqveiTebiT<br />
\\\ kinetikuri energi<strong>is</strong> daqveiTebiT<br />
\\\ funqciuri jguf<strong>is</strong> gadataniT<br />
\\\ aqtivaci<strong>is</strong> energi<strong>is</strong> gazrdiT<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> raze miuTiTebs <strong>Km</strong>-<strong>is</strong> dabali maCvenebeli ?<br />
\\\ ferment<strong>is</strong> maRal aqtivobaze<br />
\\ ferment<strong>is</strong> substrat<strong>is</strong>admi maRal afinurobaze<br />
\\\ ferment<strong>is</strong> substrat<strong>is</strong>admi dabal afinurobaze<br />
\\\ ferment<strong>is</strong> dabal aqtivobaze
<strong>\\\\</strong> CamoTvlil wyvilTagan <strong>romeli</strong>a mcdari?<br />
\\\ transferaza _ kinaza<br />
\\\ liaza _ dekarboqsilaza<br />
\\\ hidrolaza _ proteaza<br />
\\ oqsidoreduqtaza _ epimeraza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> jguf<strong>is</strong> transfers axdens koenzimi biotini?<br />
\\\ aminojguf<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ aciluri jguf<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ CO2-<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ meTil<strong>is</strong> jguf<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ferment<strong>is</strong> specifikurob<strong>is</strong> gansazRvr<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> <strong>swori</strong> <strong>debulebaa</strong>:<br />
\\\ es ar<strong>is</strong> ferment<strong>is</strong> raodenoba, <strong>romeli</strong>c standartul pirobebSi 1 wm-Si<br />
warmoqmn<strong>is</strong> 1 mol produqts<br />
\\\ es ar<strong>is</strong> ferment<strong>is</strong> aqtivoba standartul garemoSi<br />
\\\ miligramSi arsebuli ferment<strong>is</strong> raodenoba<br />
\\ ferment<strong>is</strong> aqtivoba konkretuli substrat<strong>is</strong> arsebob<strong>is</strong>as<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> rogor axdens gavlenas alosteruli modulatori ferment<strong>is</strong> aqtivobaze?<br />
\\\ ukavSirdeba ferment<strong>is</strong> katalizuri saitidan daSorebul ubans<br />
\\ konkurencias uwevs substrats katalizuri sait<strong>is</strong> dasakaveblad<br />
\\\ cvl<strong>is</strong> miRebuli produqt<strong>is</strong> struqturas<br />
\\\ axdens ferment<strong>is</strong> kovalentur modifikacias<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> R-CH2OH + O2 --- R-CHO + H2O <strong>fermentebi</strong>s <strong>romeli</strong> tipi akatalizebs aRniSnul<br />
reaqcias ?<br />
\\\ dehidrogenaza
\\ oqsidaza<br />
\\\ kinaza<br />
\\\ aldolaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glukoza + ATP --- glukoza-6-fosfati + ADP<br />
CamoTvlilTagan <strong>romeli</strong> klas<strong>is</strong> fermenti akatalizebs mocemul reaqcias? \\\<br />
oqsidoreduqtaza<br />
\\\ hidrolaza<br />
\\ transferaza<br />
\\\ ligaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> miqael<strong>is</strong> konstant<strong>is</strong> <strong>Km</strong>-<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> marTebulia :<br />
\\\ damokidebulia ferment<strong>is</strong> koncentraciaze<br />
\\\ ar ar<strong>is</strong> damokidebuli pH-ze<br />
\\ tolia substrat<strong>is</strong> koncentraci<strong>is</strong>a, roca siCqare Vmax –<strong>is</strong> naxevaria<br />
\\\ ricxobrivad udr<strong>is</strong> Vmax –<strong>is</strong> naxevars<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> CamoTvlilTagan, <strong>romeli</strong>a miqael<strong>is</strong>-menTen<strong>is</strong> gantoleba?<br />
\\\ V=<strong>Km</strong>+Vmax/(S)<br />
\\ V= Vmax(S)/(S) + <strong>Km</strong><br />
\\\ V= Vmax + (S)/(S)<strong>Km</strong><br />
\\\ V= Vmax(S)/<strong>Km</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ras ukavSirdeba konkurentuli inhibitori?<br />
\\\ substrats<br />
\\ aqtiur centrs<br />
\\\ alosterul centrs
\\\ enzim-substratul kompleqss<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> mocemuli debulebebidan <strong>romeli</strong>a mcdari konkurentuli inhibireb<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>?<br />
\\\ konkurentuli inhibitori ferments ukavSirdeba aqtiur centrSi<br />
\\\ substrat<strong>is</strong> Zalze maRali koncentraci<strong>is</strong>as igi moixsneba<br />
\\ xdeba <strong>Km</strong>-<strong>is</strong> gazrda<br />
\\\ fermenti Seuqcevadad inhibirdeba<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong>a transaminazeb<strong>is</strong> koenzimi?<br />
\\ piridoqsalfosfati<br />
\\\ NAD +<br />
\\\ TPP<br />
\\\ A koenzimi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>fermentebi</strong>s dasaxelebuli klasebidan <strong>romeli</strong> akatalizebs ori molekul<strong>is</strong><br />
dakavSireb<strong>is</strong> reaqcias?<br />
\\\ liazebi<br />
\\ ligazebi<br />
\\\ hidrolazebi<br />
\\\ transferazebi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra ganapirobebs ferment<strong>is</strong> aqtiurob<strong>is</strong> Sewyvetas konkurentuli inhibitor<strong>is</strong><br />
mier?<br />
\\\ ferment<strong>is</strong> agebuleb<strong>is</strong> cvlileba<br />
\\ ferment<strong>is</strong> aqtiuri centr<strong>is</strong> blokireba<br />
\\\ inhibitor-substrat<strong>is</strong> kompleqs<strong>is</strong> warmoqmna<br />
\\\ reaqci<strong>is</strong> produqtTan dakavSireba
<strong>\\\\</strong> ferment<strong>is</strong>gan koenzim<strong>is</strong> mocilebiT miiReba:<br />
\\\ izoenzimi<br />
\\\ metalofermenti<br />
\\ apoenzimi<br />
\\\ prosTetuli jgufi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ferment<strong>is</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> Tv<strong>is</strong>eba aixsneba,,klite-gasaReb<strong>is</strong>’’ modeliT?<br />
\\\ neb<strong>is</strong>mieri substrat<strong>is</strong> dakavSireb<strong>is</strong> unari<br />
\\\ substratTan kompleqs<strong>is</strong> warmoqmn<strong>is</strong> da gancalkeveb<strong>is</strong> unari garkveul droSi<br />
\\ substrat<strong>is</strong> specifikurad dakavSireb<strong>is</strong> unari<br />
\\\ neb<strong>is</strong>mier pirobebSi erTgvarovani reaqci<strong>is</strong> unari<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra ewodeba energi<strong>is</strong> im minimalur raodenobas, <strong>romeli</strong>c saWiroa qimiuri<br />
proces<strong>is</strong> warmarTv<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>?<br />
\\\ proces<strong>is</strong> energia<br />
\\\ kinetikuri energia<br />
\\\ potenciuri energia<br />
\\ aqtivaci<strong>is</strong> energia<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> arafermentul reaqcias esaWiroeba?<br />
\\ maRali aqtivaci<strong>is</strong> energia<br />
\\\ dabali aqtivaci<strong>is</strong> energia<br />
\\\ balansirebuli aqtivaci<strong>is</strong> energia<br />
\\\ yvela maTgani<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ferment<strong>is</strong> substratTan dakavSireba cvl<strong>is</strong> ferment<strong>is</strong> konformacias<br />
substrat<strong>is</strong> aqtiur saitSi ,,komfortulad’’ mosaTavseblad da Sesabam<strong>is</strong>ad aiolebs<br />
katalizuri reaqci<strong>is</strong> warmarTvas. mocemuli debuleba Seesabameba:
\\\ ,,klite-gasaReb<strong>is</strong>’’ models<br />
\\ inducirebuli Sesabam<strong>is</strong>ob<strong>is</strong> Teorias<br />
\\\ fiSer<strong>is</strong> hipoTezas<br />
\\\ d.vuds<strong>is</strong> mosazrebas<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> fermentiT katalizebuli reaqci<strong>is</strong> pirvel safexurze warmoiqmneba:<br />
\\ enzim-substratuli kompleqsi<br />
\\\ enzim-produqt<strong>is</strong> kompleqsi<br />
\\\ gardamavali kompleqsi<br />
\\\ arcerTi maTgani<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> rogor axorcielebs konkurentuli inhibitori Tav<strong>is</strong> moqmedebas?<br />
\\ ikavebs ferment<strong>is</strong> aqtiur centrs<br />
\\\ ukavSirdeba ferment<strong>is</strong> regulatorul suberTeuls<br />
\\\ urTierTqmedebs arakonkurentul inhibitorTan<br />
\\\ amyarebs kontaqts kofaqtorTan<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong>a produqt<strong>is</strong> miReb<strong>is</strong> daCqareb<strong>is</strong> yvelaze efeqturi gza, roca fermenti<br />
gajerebulia substratiT?<br />
\\ ferment<strong>is</strong> raodenob<strong>is</strong> gazrda<br />
\\\ substrat<strong>is</strong> raodenob<strong>is</strong> gazrda<br />
\\\ alosteruli inhibitor<strong>is</strong> damateba<br />
\\\ konkurentuli inhibitor<strong>is</strong> damateba<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ras aqvs adgili metaboluri gz<strong>is</strong> saboloo produqtiT sawy<strong>is</strong>i safexur<strong>is</strong><br />
SeCereb<strong>is</strong> dros?<br />
\\\ dadebiT ukukavSirs<br />
\\ uaryofiT ukukavSirs
\\\ konkurentul ukukavSirs<br />
\\\ arcerTs<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra ar axasiaTebs ferments?<br />
\\\ specifikuroba<br />
\\\ cilovani buneba<br />
\\ reaqciaSi daxarjva<br />
\\\ reaqci<strong>is</strong> siCqar<strong>is</strong> gazrda<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> Tu cnobilia, rom fermenti ahidrolizebs cilebs da ara saxamebels, raze<br />
miuTiTebs ferment<strong>is</strong> es Tv<strong>is</strong>eba?<br />
\\\ amfoterulobaze<br />
\\ specifikurobaze<br />
\\\ sinTezurobaze<br />
\\\ yvela maTganze<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> antibiotiki blokavs im ferment<strong>is</strong> aqtiur saits, <strong>romeli</strong>c gamoiyeneba<br />
baqteriuli ujred<strong>is</strong> kedl<strong>is</strong> Seneb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>?<br />
\\\ amfotericini<br />
\\\ gentamicini<br />
\\ penicilini<br />
\\\ cefalosporini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> zogierTi fermenti Sl<strong>is</strong> kvercx<strong>is</strong> cilas, magram ver ahidrolizebs<br />
saxamebels, <strong>romeli</strong> debuleba xsn<strong>is</strong> am dakvirvebas?<br />
\\\ saxamebl<strong>is</strong> molekula ar<strong>is</strong> sakmaod didi hidroliz<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ ferment<strong>is</strong> molekula ar<strong>is</strong> specifikuri Tav<strong>is</strong>i qmedebiT<br />
\\\ kvercx<strong>is</strong> cila gvevlineba koenzim<strong>is</strong> saxiT hidroliz<strong>is</strong> procesSi
\\\ saxamebeli Sedgeba aminomJaveb<strong>is</strong>agan<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ferment<strong>is</strong> aRwer<strong>is</strong>as, <strong>romeli</strong> <strong>debulebaa</strong> mcdari?<br />
\\\ Sedgeba cilovani nawil<strong>is</strong>agan<br />
\\ SeuZlia rogorc prosTetuli jguf<strong>is</strong>, <strong>is</strong>e metal<strong>is</strong> ion<strong>is</strong> dakavSireba<br />
alosterul centrSi<br />
\\\ aqvs aqtiuri centri substrat<strong>is</strong> dasakavSireblad<br />
\\\ aqvs gansazRvruli struqtura
wyali da buferebi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> debuleba ar ar<strong>is</strong> <strong>swori</strong> wyalTan dakavSirebiT?<br />
\\\ wyali SeiZleba iyos wyalbad<strong>is</strong> ion<strong>is</strong> rogorc donori, aseve aqceptori<br />
\\ m<strong>is</strong> TiToeul molekulas SeuZlia warmoqmnas 5 wyalbaduri bma<br />
\\\ axasiaTebs maRali duRil<strong>is</strong> temperatura<br />
\\\ axasiaTebs didi Tbotevadoba<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> henderson-haselbax<strong>is</strong> gantoleba gamosaxavs kavSirs:<br />
\\\ xsnar<strong>is</strong> pH –sa da mJavas Ka-s Sor<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ xsnar<strong>is</strong> pH-s, mJavas pKa –s da d<strong>is</strong>ociaci<strong>is</strong> siRrmes Sor<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ mJavas pKa-sa da hidrataci<strong>is</strong> Kh-s Sor<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ xsnar<strong>is</strong> pH –sa hidrataci<strong>is</strong> Kh-s Sor<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> hemoglobin<strong>is</strong> afinuroba Jangbad<strong>is</strong> mimarT izrdeba:<br />
\\\ garemos temperatur<strong>is</strong> momateb<strong>is</strong>as<br />
\\ garemoSi O2-<strong>is</strong> parcialuri wnev<strong>is</strong> momateb<strong>is</strong>as<br />
\\\ garemoSi CO2-<strong>is</strong> da H+ -<strong>is</strong> koncentraci<strong>is</strong> momateb<strong>is</strong>as<br />
\\\ 2,3-b<strong>is</strong>fosfoglicerat<strong>is</strong> maRali koncentraci<strong>is</strong> pirobebSi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> buferuli s<strong>is</strong>tema ar gvxvdeba s<strong>is</strong>xlSi?<br />
\\\ hemoglobin<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ bikarbonatuli<br />
\\\ cilovani<br />
\\ amiakuri<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ras warmoadgens buferi?
\\ arad<strong>is</strong>ocirebuli mJavasa da koniugirebuli fuZ<strong>is</strong> narevs<br />
\\\ d<strong>is</strong>ocirebuli mJavasa da koniugirebuli fuZ<strong>is</strong> narevs<br />
\\\ arad<strong>is</strong>ocirebuli mJavasa da arakoniugirebuli fuZ<strong>is</strong> narevs<br />
\\\ d<strong>is</strong>ocirebuli mJavasa da arakoniugirebuli fuZ<strong>is</strong> narevs<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ras udr<strong>is</strong> s<strong>is</strong>xl<strong>is</strong> pH?<br />
\\\ 1,5 - 2,5<br />
\\\ 5,5 – 6,0<br />
\\ 7,36– 7,44<br />
\\\ 8,36 – 9,15<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong>a eqstraujreduli siTx<strong>is</strong> mTavari eleqtrolitebi?<br />
\\\ K+ da SO42-;<br />
\\ Na+ da Cl-;<br />
\\\ Mg2+ da HPO42-;<br />
\\\ Ca2+ da F2-;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong>a intraujreduli siTx<strong>is</strong> mTavari eleqtrolitebi?<br />
\\ K+ da HPO42-;<br />
\\\ Na+ da Cl-;<br />
\\\ Mg2+ da SO42-;<br />
\\\ Ca2+ da F2-;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong>a mcdari debuleba mJaveb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> ?<br />
\\ Zlieri mJavebi arasrulad d<strong>is</strong>ocireben<br />
\\\ Zlieri mJavebi praqtikulad srulad d<strong>is</strong>ocireben da warmoqmnian H+ da<br />
anionur naerTs
\\\ susti mJavebi nawilobriv d<strong>is</strong>ociacias ganicdian<br />
\\\ rac metia mJavadan proton<strong>is</strong> d<strong>is</strong>ocireb<strong>is</strong> unari, miT maRalia m<strong>is</strong>i Ka<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong>a <strong>swori</strong> debuleba mJave garemosTv<strong>is</strong>?<br />
\\ wyalbadionTa koncentracia sWarbobs OH- -<strong>is</strong> koncentracias<br />
\\\ wyalbadionTa koncentracia naklebia OH- -<strong>is</strong> koncentraciasTan SedarebiT<br />
\\\ wyalbadionTa koncentracia da OH- -<strong>is</strong> koncentracia erTmaneT<strong>is</strong> tolia<br />
\\\ pH = 8<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> pH ar<strong>is</strong> :<br />
\\\ log [H+]<br />
\\\ ln [H+]<br />
\\ - log [H+]<br />
\\\ - log[OH-]<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> wyl<strong>is</strong> Semcveloba organizmSi tolia:<br />
\\\ 40%<br />
\\ 60%<br />
\\\ 80%<br />
\\\ 100%<br />
\\\ wrfivi struqtura<br />
\\ arawrfivi ,,moxrili’’ struqtura<br />
\\\ spiraluri struqtura<br />
\\\ heqsaedruli struqtura<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> mtkicebaa ara<strong>swori</strong> bufereb<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>?
\\ rac ufro dabalia bufer<strong>is</strong> koncentracia miT metia m<strong>is</strong>i buferuli tevadoba<br />
\\\ <strong>is</strong>ini Sedgebian susti mJavasa da koniugirebuli fuZ<strong>is</strong>agan<br />
\\\ TiToeul buferul s<strong>is</strong>temas garkveuli pH aqvs<br />
\\\ buferuli s<strong>is</strong>tema efeqturia rodesac am s<strong>is</strong>tem<strong>is</strong> pH = pKa<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra ganapirobebs wyl<strong>is</strong>, rogorc gamxsnel<strong>is</strong> unikalur Tv<strong>is</strong>ebebs ?<br />
\\\ duRil<strong>is</strong> maRali temperatura<br />
\\\ didi Tbotevadoba<br />
\\ wyalbaduri bm<strong>is</strong> warmoqmn<strong>is</strong> unari da maRali dieleqtrikuli SeRwevadoba<br />
\\\ maRali aorTqleb<strong>is</strong> siTbo<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ramdeni wyalbaduri bm<strong>is</strong> warmoqmna SeuZlia wyl<strong>is</strong> TiToeul molekulas?<br />
\\\ 2<br />
\\\ 3<br />
\\ 4<br />
\\\ 5<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ras udr<strong>is</strong> sufTa wyl<strong>is</strong> pH?<br />
\\\ 8-s<br />
\\\ 9-s<br />
\\\ 10-s<br />
\\ 7-s<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> mJava-fuZeTa Teori<strong>is</strong> Tanaxmad, ras warmoadgens mJava?<br />
\\ H+-s donors<br />
\\\ H+ -<strong>is</strong> aqceptors<br />
\\\ OH - -<strong>is</strong> donors
\\\ OH - -<strong>is</strong> aqceptors<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> s<strong>is</strong>xl<strong>is</strong> pH-Tan dakavSirebiT ar ar<strong>is</strong> <strong>swori</strong>:<br />
\\\ sunTqv<strong>is</strong> gaxSireba zrd<strong>is</strong> s<strong>is</strong>xl<strong>is</strong> pH-s<br />
\\ CO2 –<strong>is</strong> koncentraci<strong>is</strong> momateba zrd<strong>is</strong> s<strong>is</strong>xl<strong>is</strong> pH-s<br />
\\\ CO2-<strong>is</strong> koncentraci<strong>is</strong> gazrda iwvevs sunTqv<strong>is</strong> gaxSirebas<br />
\\\ CO2-<strong>is</strong> warmoqmn<strong>is</strong> gazrda amcirebs s<strong>is</strong>xl<strong>is</strong> pH-s<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> organizmSi wyl<strong>is</strong> ganawilebasTan dakavSirebiT ar ar<strong>is</strong> <strong>swori</strong>:<br />
\\\ wyl<strong>is</strong> ganawileba kompartmentebSi regulirdeba osmolarobiT<br />
\\\ wyali gadaadgildeba dabali osmolarob<strong>is</strong> aredan maRl<strong>is</strong>aken<br />
\\ wyali gadaadgildeba maRali osmolarob<strong>is</strong> aredan dabl<strong>is</strong>aken<br />
\\\ hiperglikemia zrd<strong>is</strong> s<strong>is</strong>xl<strong>is</strong> osmolarobas<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> susti mJaveb<strong>is</strong> d<strong>is</strong>ociaci<strong>is</strong> unarTan dakavSirebiT ar ar<strong>is</strong> <strong>swori</strong>:<br />
\\\ pKa ar<strong>is</strong> Ka-s uaryofiTi logariTmi<br />
\\\ rac metia Ka, miT ufro Zlieria organuli mJava<br />
\\ rac naklebia pKa, miT ufro sustia mJava<br />
\\\ rac metia pKa, miT ufro sustia mJava<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel reaqcias akatalizebs karboanhidraza?<br />
\\\ naxSirmJavas d<strong>is</strong>ociacias H+-ad da HCO3- ad<br />
\\ naxSirmJavas daSlas CO2-ad da H2O-d<br />
\\\ Hb-<strong>is</strong> protonirebas<br />
\\\ karbaminohemoglobin<strong>is</strong> warmoqmnas<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> karboanhidrazasTan dakavSirebiT ar ar<strong>is</strong> <strong>swori</strong>:
\\ igi akatalizebs naxSirmJavas warmoqmnas H+-sa da HCO3- <strong>is</strong> dakavSirebiT<br />
\\\ igi asrulebs mniSvnelovan rols CO2-<strong>is</strong> eliminaciaSi<br />
\\\ igi gardaqmn<strong>is</strong> CO2-<strong>is</strong> umetes nawils naxSirmJavamde<br />
\\\ igi akatalizebs naxSirmJavas dehidratacias CO2-<strong>is</strong> warmoqmniT<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> CamoTvlilTagan <strong>romeli</strong> fiziologiuri/paTologiuri mdgomareoba gamoiwvevs<br />
alkalozs Tu CavTvliT, rom organizmi ver axerxebs m<strong>is</strong> kompensacias?<br />
\\\ rZemJavas warmoqmna kunTeb<strong>is</strong> mier varjiS<strong>is</strong> dros<br />
\\\ ketosxeuleb<strong>is</strong> warmoqmna diabetiani pacient<strong>is</strong> mier<br />
\\ HCl-<strong>is</strong> xSiri amoRebineba kuW<strong>is</strong> SigTavsiT<br />
\\\ diarea, nawlavebSi sekretirebuli bikarbonat<strong>is</strong> anioneb<strong>is</strong> dakargviT<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> CamoTvlilTagan <strong>romeli</strong> aRwers bufer<strong>is</strong> zogad Tv<strong>is</strong>ebas?<br />
\\\ buferebi Sedgebian Zlieri mJav<strong>is</strong>a da Zlieri fuZ<strong>is</strong>agan<br />
\\\ buferuli Tv<strong>is</strong>eba vlindeba im pH-ze, rodesac Semadgeneli komponentebi<br />
mTlianad d<strong>is</strong>ocirebulia<br />
\\ buferebi saukeTesod muSaoben im pH-ze, rodesac Semadgeneli komponentebi 50<br />
procentiT arian d<strong>is</strong>ocirebuli<br />
\\\ buferebi saukeTesod muSaoben, rodesac pH erTiT naklebia pKa-ze<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> amoarCieT <strong>swori</strong> debuleba mJave garemosTv<strong>is</strong>:<br />
\\ wyalbad<strong>is</strong> ion<strong>is</strong> koncentracia sWarbobs OH - -<strong>is</strong> koncentracias<br />
\\\ wyalbad<strong>is</strong> ion<strong>is</strong> koncentracia naklebia OH - -<strong>is</strong> koncentraciasTan SedarebiT<br />
\\\ wyalbad<strong>is</strong> ion<strong>is</strong> koncentracia da OH- -<strong>is</strong> koncentracia erTmaneT<strong>is</strong> tolia<br />
\\\ pH = 8<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> mtkicebaa ara<strong>swori</strong> bufereb<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>?<br />
\\ rac ufro dabalia bufer<strong>is</strong> koncentracia miT metia buferuli tevadoba
\\\ <strong>is</strong>ini Sedgebian susti mJavasa da koniugirebuli fuZ<strong>is</strong>agan<br />
\\\ TiToeul buferul s<strong>is</strong>temas garkveuli pH aqvs<br />
\\\ buferuli s<strong>is</strong>tema efeqturia, rodesac am s<strong>is</strong>tem<strong>is</strong> pH = pKa<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra ganapirobebs wyalSi polaruli naerTeb<strong>is</strong> xsnadobas?<br />
\\\ kovanturi bmeb<strong>is</strong> warmoqmna<br />
\\\ wyalbaduri bmeb<strong>is</strong> warmoqmna<br />
\\ ionebTan wyl<strong>is</strong> dipoleb<strong>is</strong> urTierTqmedeba<br />
\\\ wyl<strong>is</strong> didi siTbotevadoba<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra ganapirobebs wyalSi arapolaruli naerTeb<strong>is</strong> xsnadobas?<br />
\\\ kovalenturi bmeb<strong>is</strong> warmoqmna<br />
\\ wyalbaduri bmeb<strong>is</strong> warmoqmna<br />
\\\ ionebTan wyl<strong>is</strong> dipoleb<strong>is</strong> urTierTqmedeba<br />
\\\ wyl<strong>is</strong> didi siTbotevadoba<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> xsnar<strong>is</strong> pH=5 [H+]-ionTa koncentracia iqneba:<br />
\\\ 10 -2<br />
\\ 10 -5<br />
\\\ 10 -1<br />
\\\ 10 -3<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> xsnarSi [H + ]-ionTa koncentracia 10 -2 ia, pH iqneba:<br />
\\ 2<br />
\\\ 4<br />
\\\ 8<br />
\\\ 10
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra ar<strong>is</strong> ara<strong>swori</strong> organizmSi wyl<strong>is</strong> ganawilebasTan dakavSirebiT?<br />
\\\ wyl<strong>is</strong> Semcveloba organizmSi icvleba ontogenezSi<br />
\\\ yvelaze ufro nakleb wyals Seicavs kbili<br />
\\ rac ufro mniSvnelovan funqcias asrulebs qsovili, miT naklebia masSi wyali<br />
\\\ s<strong>is</strong>xli Seicavs 90% wyals<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> <strong>debulebaa</strong> ara<strong>swori</strong> wyalTan dakavSirebiT?<br />
\\\ wyl<strong>is</strong> 5 molekula monawileobs wyl<strong>is</strong> tetraedruli molekul<strong>is</strong> warmoqmnaSi<br />
\\\ yinulSi wyl<strong>is</strong> TiToeuli molekula wyalbaduri bmebiT ukavSirdeba oTx<br />
uaxloes mezobel molekulas<br />
\\\ wyali SeiZleba iyos rogorc wyalbad<strong>is</strong> donori, aseve aqceptori<br />
\\ sufTa wyalSi wyalbadionTa koncentracia aRemateba hidroqsilionTa<br />
koncentracias<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> mtkicebaa ara<strong>swori</strong>:<br />
\\\ CO2-<strong>is</strong> da H+-ioneb<strong>is</strong> raodenob<strong>is</strong> zrda iwvevs oqsihemoglobin<strong>is</strong> d<strong>is</strong>ociacias<br />
Tav<strong>is</strong>ufal Jangbadad da deoqsihemoglobinad<br />
\\\ protonirebuli hemoglobini ufro susti mJavaa, vidre HBO2. amitom ufro<br />
Zlierad ikavSirebs H+-s, vidre HBO2.<br />
\\ maRali pH ganapirobebs sunTqv<strong>is</strong> gaxSirebas, CO2-<strong>is</strong> gamoyof<strong>is</strong> gaZlierebas da<br />
pH-<strong>is</strong> normalizebas.<br />
\\\ dabali pH ganapirobebs sunTqv<strong>is</strong> gaxSirebas, CO2-<strong>is</strong> gamoyof<strong>is</strong> gaZlierebas da<br />
pH-<strong>is</strong> normalizebas.<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> amoarCieT <strong>swori</strong> pasuxi:<br />
insulini sakveb<strong>is</strong> miReb<strong>is</strong> Semdgom periodSi<br />
\\\ aaqtiurebs triacilglicerollipazas<br />
\\\ aZlierebs glukoneogenezs
\\\ zrd<strong>is</strong> glukagon<strong>is</strong> koncentracias s<strong>is</strong>xlSi<br />
\\ astimulirebs glukozas transports cximovan qsovilSi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glukagoni cximovan qsovilSi SimSil<strong>is</strong> fazaSi aaqtiurebs:<br />
\\ triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong> daSlas<br />
\\\ glukoneogenezs<br />
\\\ glikogenezs<br />
\\\ ketonuri sxeuleb<strong>is</strong> warmoqmnas<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> mtkicebaa ara<strong>swori</strong> karbonatuli bufer<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>?<br />
\\ naxSirmJava pH-7.4 farglebSi srulad d<strong>is</strong>ocirdeba<br />
\\\ naxSirmJava susti mJavaa da d<strong>is</strong>ocirdeba H+ da HCO3- ionebad<br />
\\\ eriTrocitebSi karboanhidraza akatalizebs reaqcias CO2 + H2O --- H2CO3<br />
\\\ bikarbonatuli bufer<strong>is</strong> pKa gul<strong>is</strong>xmobs CO2 hidrataci<strong>is</strong> konstantas, <strong>romeli</strong>c<br />
zrd<strong>is</strong> mJavas pK-s 6.1-mde<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ujredSida pH-<strong>is</strong> buferuli s<strong>is</strong>temaa:<br />
\\ fosfaturi<br />
\\\ hemoglobinuri<br />
\\\ amonium<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ cil<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> rod<strong>is</strong> utoldeba erTmaneTs pKa-s da pH-<strong>is</strong> mniSvnelobebi?<br />
\\\ rodesac susti mJava sruliad d<strong>is</strong>ocirebulia<br />
\\ rodesac susti mJava 50%-iT d<strong>is</strong>ocirebulia<br />
\\\ rodesac susti mJava d<strong>is</strong>ocirebuli ar ar<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ arcerT SemTxvevaSi
<strong>\\\\</strong> qvemoT CamoTvlili individumebidan <strong>romeli</strong> imyofeba azotovani balans<strong>is</strong><br />
(wonasworob<strong>is</strong>) mdgomareobaSi?<br />
\\\ mozardi<br />
\\\ janmrTeli orsuli qali<br />
\\ janmrTeli zrdasruli mamakaci<br />
\\\ xandazmuli qali<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> Sard<strong>is</strong> pH-<strong>is</strong> mTavari mabuferebeli naerTi ar<strong>is</strong>:<br />
\\\ acetoacetati<br />
\\\ citrati<br />
\\\ rZemJava<br />
\\ amonium<strong>is</strong> ioni<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> bufereb<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> ara<strong>swori</strong>a:<br />
\\\ buferebi ewinaaRmdegeba pH-<strong>is</strong> Secvlas s<strong>is</strong>xlSi buferuli tevadob<strong>is</strong><br />
farglebSi<br />
\\\ pKa ar<strong>is</strong> susti mJavas d<strong>is</strong>ociaci<strong>is</strong> konstantas uaryofiTi logariTmi<br />
\\\ rac ufro uaxlovdeba pH-<strong>is</strong> mniSvneloba pKa-s, miT ufro Zlieria buferi<br />
\\ rac ufro sustia buferi, miT metia buferuli tevadoba<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> faqtorebi, romlebic ganapirobeben wyl<strong>is</strong> molekul<strong>is</strong>, rogorc dipol<strong>is</strong><br />
arsebobas, ar<strong>is</strong>:<br />
\\\ Txevadi wyl<strong>is</strong> tetraedruli struqtura<br />
\\ H-O-H bm<strong>is</strong> kuTx<strong>is</strong> sidide<br />
\\\ wyl<strong>is</strong> unari warmoqmnas wyalbaduri bma sxvadasxva qimiur struqturebTan<br />
\\\ gansxvaveba bm<strong>is</strong> siZliereSi wyalbadur bmebsa da kovalentur bmebs Sor<strong>is</strong>
<strong>\\\\</strong> daaxloebiT erTi da imave won<strong>is</strong> mqone ori adamianidan bazaluri energi<strong>is</strong><br />
saWiroeba ufro meti eqneba savaraudod:<br />
\\ ufro maRals<br />
\\\ qals, Tu meore mamakacia<br />
\\\ ufro asakovans<br />
\\\ naklebi stres<strong>is</strong> qveS myofs<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> bazaluri metaboluri siCqare:<br />
\\\ ar icvleba energi<strong>is</strong> wyaros miReb<strong>is</strong> Sedegad<br />
\\\ izrdeba SimSil<strong>is</strong> sapasuxod<br />
\\ SesaZloa Semcirdes SimSil<strong>is</strong> periodebSi<br />
\\\ pirdapirproporciulad izrdeba energi<strong>is</strong> dRiuri xarjv<strong>is</strong> Sesabam<strong>is</strong>ad<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong>a <strong>swori</strong> wylbadur bmasTan dakavSirebiT?<br />
\\\ wyalbaduri bmebi ufro Zlieria, kovalentur bmebTan SedarebiT.<br />
\\\ wyl<strong>is</strong> molekul<strong>is</strong> geometria <strong>is</strong>eTia, rom xdeba eleqtroneb<strong>is</strong> Tanabrad<br />
gadanawileba wyalbadsa da Jangbads Sor<strong>is</strong>.<br />
\\\ wyalbaduri bm<strong>is</strong> warmoqmnaSi monawile erT-erTi molekula aucileblad<br />
wyalia<br />
\\ polaruli molekula wyalSi xsnadia, radgan maT SeuZliaT wyalbaduri bm<strong>is</strong><br />
warmoqmna wyl<strong>is</strong> molekulebTan.<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> osmosi warmoadgens wyl<strong>is</strong> molekuleb<strong>is</strong> moZraobas naxevradgamtar membranaSi.<br />
qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan <strong>romeli</strong>a <strong>swori</strong> wyl<strong>is</strong> moZraobasTan dakavSirebiT<br />
ujred<strong>is</strong> membranaSi?<br />
\\ hipotonur garemoSi ujredeb<strong>is</strong> gajirjveba (SeSupeba) xdeba;<br />
\\\ izotonur xsnarSi ujredebi iWmuxnebian.<br />
\\\ hipertonur xsnarSi ujredeb<strong>is</strong> forma da moculoba ar icvleba<br />
\\\ ujredeb<strong>is</strong> forma da moculoba ar icvleba, radgan wyali ver gadakveTs<br />
plazmur membranas.
<strong>\\\\</strong> qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan <strong>romeli</strong>a <strong>swori</strong> mJavebsa da fuZeebTan dakavSirebiT?<br />
\\\ fuZeeb<strong>is</strong> ionizeb<strong>is</strong>as <strong>is</strong>ini gascemen protonebs<br />
\\ Zlieri mJavebi da fuZeebi srulad ionizdebian wyalxnarSi.<br />
\\\ Zlieri mJavas d<strong>is</strong>ociaci<strong>is</strong> konstanta ufro dabalia vidre susti<br />
mJav<strong>is</strong>a.<br />
\\\ Zlieri mJavas pKa ufro maRalia, vidre susti mJav<strong>is</strong>a.<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ujredebi buferebs saWiroeben, radgan:<br />
\\\ maT sWirdebaT citozoluri pH-<strong>is</strong> gazrda an daqveiTeba sxvadasxva<br />
garemo pirobebTan Segueb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>;<br />
\\\ maTi cilebi saukeTesod muSaoben dabal pH-ze.<br />
\\\ ujredebs esaWiroebaT specifikuri citozoluri pH –<strong>is</strong> SenarCuneba<br />
im<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>, rom molekulebi daicvas ionizeb<strong>is</strong>agan;<br />
\\ ujredebs esaWiroebaT specifikuri citozoluri pH –<strong>is</strong> SenarCuneba<br />
im<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>, rom molekulebs SeunarCunon optimaluri ionizebuli<br />
mdgomareoba<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> qvemoT CamoTvlilia <strong>swori</strong> susti mJaveb<strong>is</strong> xsnar<strong>is</strong> titraci<strong>is</strong> mrudTan<br />
dakavSirebiT?<br />
\\\ optimaluri buferob<strong>is</strong> unar<strong>is</strong> mqone susti mJavasTv<strong>is</strong> pH=7.00<br />
\\ SesaZlebelia gamoiTvalos mJavas pKa, Tu cnobilia pH da mJavasa da m<strong>is</strong>i<br />
Sesabam<strong>is</strong>i koniugirebuli fuZ<strong>is</strong> moluri Tanafardoba.<br />
\\\ susti mJavas pKa tolia im pH-<strong>is</strong>a, romelzedac mJava srulad d<strong>is</strong>ocirdeba<br />
\\\ roca pH ufro dabalia, vidre susti mJavas pKa, ufro meti raodenobiT<br />
aRiniSineba koniugirebuli fuZe.<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> wyali, zogadad, warmoadgens polaruli molekuleb<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> karg gamxsnels da<br />
arapolaruli molekuleb<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> cud gamxsnels. xsnadob<strong>is</strong> es Tv<strong>is</strong>eba yvelaze<br />
kargad aixsneba:<br />
\\ molekulaTaSor<strong>is</strong> wyalbaduri bmeb<strong>is</strong> warmoqmn<strong>is</strong> unariT;<br />
\\\ myari wyl<strong>is</strong> (yinul<strong>is</strong>) naklebi simkvriviT Txevad wyalTan SedarebiT<br />
\\\ maRali zedapiruli daWimulobiT<br />
\\\ aorTqleb<strong>is</strong> maRali siTboTi<br />
metabolizmi , hemi'
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> qvemoT CamoTvlilia <strong>swori</strong> metabolizmTan dakavSirebiT?<br />
\\\ kataboluri reaqciebi saWiroeben energias;<br />
\\ sinTezuri gzebi anabolur procesebs miekuTvneba;<br />
\\\ katabolur da anabolur procesebs erTmaneTTan akavSirebs 0 2 ;<br />
\\\ kataboluri reaqciebi saWiroeben atf-<strong>is</strong> daSlas, xolo anaboluri reaqciebi<br />
atf-s warmoqmnian<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerT<strong>is</strong> saxiT inaxeba energia cximovan qsovilSi ?<br />
\\\ glikogen<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ cileb<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ ATP-<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> esenciur (Seucvlel) nivTierebebs ar miekuTvneba:<br />
\\\ cximovani mJavebi<br />
\\\ vitaminebi<br />
\\ glukoza<br />
\\\ mineralebi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> CamoTvlilTagan <strong>romeli</strong> ar miekuTvneba energi<strong>is</strong> wyaroebs?<br />
\\ vitaminebi<br />
\\\ naxSirwylebi<br />
\\\ cilebi<br />
\\\ cximebi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> CamoTvlilTagan <strong>romeli</strong> ar miekuTvneba energi<strong>is</strong> wyaroebs?<br />
\\ mineralebi<br />
\\\ naxSirwylebi
\\\ cilebi<br />
\\\ cximebi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> dasaxelebul nivTierebaTagan <strong>romeli</strong> miekuTvneba monosaqaridebs?<br />
\\\ saxamebeli<br />
\\\ saqaroza<br />
\\\ laqtoza<br />
\\ glukoza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> dasaxelebul nivTierebaTagan <strong>romeli</strong> miekuTvneba monosaqaridebs?<br />
\\\ izomaltoza<br />
\\\ saqaroza<br />
\\\ laqtoza<br />
\\ galaqtoza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> dasaxelebul nivTierebaTagan <strong>romeli</strong> miekuTvneba monosaqaridebs?<br />
\\\ saxamebeli<br />
\\\ saqaroza<br />
\\\ laqtoza<br />
\\ fruqtoza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ras warmoadgenen triacilglicerolebi ?<br />
\\\ cilebs<br />
\\ cximebs<br />
\\\ naxSirwylebs<br />
\\\ vitaminebs
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra raodenob<strong>is</strong> energia Tav<strong>is</strong>ufldeba erTi grami naxSirwyl<strong>is</strong> daJangv<strong>is</strong>as?<br />
\\\ 9 Kcal/g<br />
\\\ 15 Kcal/g<br />
\\ 4,1 Kcal/g<br />
\\\ 7 Kcal/g<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> triacilglicerolebi Seicaven:<br />
\\\ aminomJavebs da peptidebs<br />
\\ glicerolsa da cximovani mJaveb<strong>is</strong> naSTebs<br />
\\\ glukozas da galaqtozas<br />
\\\ fruqtozas da glulozas<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> Body Mass Index (BMI)_<strong>is</strong> gamosaTvleli formulaa:<br />
\\\ Kg2|m2<br />
\\\ Kg2|mK<br />
\\ Kg|m2<br />
\\\ Kg|m<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> <strong>debulebaa</strong> mcdari metabolizm<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> ?<br />
\\\ biodegradaciul gzebs, roml<strong>is</strong> drosac xdeba didi zom<strong>is</strong> molekuleb<strong>is</strong> daSla<br />
Semadgenel nawilebad _ kataboluri gzebi ewodeba.<br />
\\\ biosinTezur gzebs, magaliTad energetikuli wyaros Senaxv<strong>is</strong> gzebs,<br />
anaboluri gzebi ewodeba.<br />
\\\ metabolizm<strong>is</strong> dros funqcionirebs ATP/ADP cikli<br />
\\ metabolizm<strong>is</strong> gzeb<strong>is</strong> siCqare da lokalizacia erTnairia yvela ujredsa da<br />
qsovilSi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> nivTiereba miekuTvneba pol<strong>is</strong>aqaridebs?
\\\ saqaroza<br />
\\\ laqtoza<br />
\\ saxamebeli<br />
\\\ glukoza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> Tu zrdasruli adamian<strong>is</strong> BMI tolia 32,5-<strong>is</strong>, maSin m<strong>is</strong>i wona :<br />
\\\ idealuria<br />
\\\ naklebia idealurze<br />
\\\ Warbia<br />
\\ ukve simsuqnea<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> SimSilob<strong>is</strong> fazaSi Tav<strong>is</strong> tvin<strong>is</strong> mTavari energetikuli wyaroa:<br />
\\\ triacilglicerolebi<br />
\\\ cilebi<br />
\\\ glikogeni<br />
\\ ketosxeulebi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra gziT aregulirebs RviZli glukozas dones organizmSi?<br />
\\ glikogen<strong>is</strong> metabolizm<strong>is</strong>a da glukoneogenez<strong>is</strong> xarjze;<br />
\\\ cximovani mJaveb<strong>is</strong> biosinTez<strong>is</strong> xarjze;<br />
\\\ glicerol<strong>is</strong> daJangv<strong>is</strong> xarjze;<br />
\\\ ketosxeuleb<strong>is</strong> daJangv<strong>is</strong> xarjze<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ras gul<strong>is</strong>xmobs anaboluri gzebi?<br />
\\\ energetikuli wyaroeb<strong>is</strong> daJangvas;<br />
\\\ energetikuli wyaroeb<strong>is</strong> mobilizacias;<br />
\\ biosinTezur procesebs;
\\\ toqsikuri naerTeb<strong>is</strong> eliminacias<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra igul<strong>is</strong>xmeba kataboluri gzeb<strong>is</strong> qveS?<br />
\\ energetikuli wyaroeb<strong>is</strong> daJangva<br />
\\\ energetikuli wyaroeb<strong>is</strong> Senaxva<br />
\\\ biosinTezur procesebi<br />
\\\ detoqsikacia<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> energetikuli wyaroebidan romels aqvs yvelaze maRali kaloriuloba?<br />
\\ cximebs;<br />
\\\ cilebs;<br />
\\\ naxSirwylebs;<br />
\\\ alkohols<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra saxiT amaragebs organizmi cximebs?<br />
\\ triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong> saxiT;<br />
\\\ cximovani mJaveb<strong>is</strong> saxiT;<br />
\\\ diacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong> saxiT;<br />
\\\ qolesterol<strong>is</strong> saxiT;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra formiT amaragebs organizmi naxSirwylebs?<br />
\\ glikogen<strong>is</strong>;<br />
\\\ laqtozas;<br />
\\\ saxamebl<strong>is</strong>;<br />
\\\ saqarozas;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra ar<strong>is</strong> amilazas substrati?
\\\ izomaltoza;<br />
\\\ laqtoza;<br />
\\ saxamebeli;<br />
\\\ saqaroza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glukozasTan dakavSirebiT ar ar<strong>is</strong> marTebuli:<br />
\\\ iJangeba mraval qsovilSi;<br />
\\\ maragdeba glikogen<strong>is</strong> saxiT RviZlsa da kunTebSi;<br />
\\\ sxvadasxva naerTTa biosinTez<strong>is</strong> prekursoria;<br />
\\ organizmSi warmoiqmneba palmitatidan<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> s<strong>is</strong>xlSi absorbirebul aminomJavebTan dakavSirebiT ar ar<strong>is</strong> <strong>swori</strong>:<br />
\\\ ujredebSi gardaiqmnebian cilebad;<br />
\\\ gamoiyenebian azotSemcveli naerTeb<strong>is</strong> sinTez<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>;<br />
\\\ iJangebian energi<strong>is</strong> gamoyofiT;<br />
\\ organizmSi maragdebian glikogen<strong>is</strong> saxiT,<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerTi warmoadgens sakvebi lipideb<strong>is</strong> udides nawils?<br />
\\\ qolesteroli;<br />
\\\ 2-monoacilgliceroli;<br />
\\\ fosfolipidebi;<br />
\\ triacilglicerolebi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> procesi stimulirdeba naxSirwylebiT mdidari sakveb<strong>is</strong> miReb<strong>is</strong><br />
Semdeg?<br />
\\\ glukagon<strong>is</strong> sekrecia;<br />
\\\ glukoneogenezi;<br />
\\\ cximeb<strong>is</strong> daSla;
\\ insulin<strong>is</strong> sekrecia<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> SimSilob<strong>is</strong> fazaSi ar xdeba:<br />
\\\ glukagon<strong>is</strong> don<strong>is</strong> gazrda;<br />
\\\ triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong> daSla;<br />
\\\ RviZl<strong>is</strong> glikogen<strong>is</strong> daSla;<br />
\\ insulin<strong>is</strong> don<strong>is</strong> gazrda<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> organizm<strong>is</strong> energetikul maragTan dakavSirebiT ar ar<strong>is</strong> <strong>swori</strong>:<br />
\\\ organizmSi energia inaxeba triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong> saxiT cximovan qsovilSi<br />
\\\ organizmSi energia inaxeba glikogen<strong>is</strong> saxiT kunTebsa da RviZlSi<br />
\\\ organizmSi energia garkveulwilad inaxeba cil<strong>is</strong> saxiT kunTebSi<br />
\\ organizmSi energia inaxeba cximovani mJaveb<strong>is</strong> saxiT s<strong>is</strong>xlSi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel ganmartebas eTanxmebiT saxamebl<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>?<br />
\\\ d<strong>is</strong>aqaridia<br />
\\ mcenareuli warmoSob<strong>is</strong> pol<strong>is</strong>aqaridia<br />
\\\ cxoveluri warmoSob<strong>is</strong> pol<strong>is</strong>aqaridia<br />
\\\ monosaqaridia<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> lipoprotein<strong>is</strong> SemadgenobaSi alagebs RviZli triacilglicerolebs?<br />
\\ VLDL-Si<br />
\\\ qilomikronebSi<br />
\\\ LDL-Si<br />
\\\ HDL-Si<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel organoSi sinTezdebian ketonuri sxeulebi?
\\\ kunTebSi<br />
\\ RviZlSi<br />
\\\ TirkmelSi<br />
\\\ tvinSi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra saxiT iyenebs organizmi vitamineb<strong>is</strong> umetesobas?<br />
\\\ transporter<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ energi<strong>is</strong> wyaros<br />
\\\ enzimeb<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ koenzimeb<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> qvemoT CamoTvlili procesebidan <strong>romeli</strong> mimdinareobs RviZlSi ?<br />
\\\ triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong> Senaxva<br />
\\\ qilomikroneb<strong>is</strong> sinTezi<br />
\\ glukozas damarageba glikogen<strong>is</strong> saxiT<br />
\\\ ketosxeuleb<strong>is</strong> daJangva<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> ujredi awarmoebs ATP-s mxolod anaerobuli gziT?<br />
\\ s<strong>is</strong>xl<strong>is</strong> wiTeli ujredebi<br />
\\\ gul<strong>is</strong> kunTovani ujredebi<br />
\\\ nervuli ujredebi<br />
\\\ pankreas<strong>is</strong> langerhans<strong>is</strong> ujredebi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> sqemaa marTebuli moneleb<strong>is</strong> proces<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>?<br />
\\\ monosaqaridebi --- d<strong>is</strong>aqaridebi --- pol<strong>is</strong>aqaridebi<br />
\\\ aminomJavebi --- di- da tripeptidebi --- cilebi<br />
\\ triacilglicerolebi --- diacilglicerolebi --- monoacilglicerolebi
\\\ qilomikroni --- cila --- triacilglicerolebi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> sqemaa marTebuli moneleb<strong>is</strong> proces<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>?<br />
\\ pol<strong>is</strong>aqaridebi --- d<strong>is</strong>aqaridebi --- monosaqaridebi<br />
\\\ aminomJavebi --- di- da tripeptidebi --- cilebi<br />
\\\ diacilglicerolebi --- monoacilglicerolebi --- triacilglicerolebi<br />
\\\ qilomikroni --- cila --- triacilglicerolebi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra procesebi mimdinareobs organizmSi SimSil<strong>is</strong> fazaSi?<br />
\\\ s<strong>is</strong>xlSi glukozas done ar icvleba<br />
\\ iwyeba RviZl<strong>is</strong> glikogen<strong>is</strong> daSla<br />
\\\ aqtiurdeba glikogen<strong>is</strong> biosinTezi<br />
\\\ izrdeba cximeb<strong>is</strong> deponireba<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> amoarCieT <strong>swori</strong> Sesabam<strong>is</strong>oba momnelebel fermentebsa da maT substratebs<br />
Sor<strong>is</strong>:<br />
\\ pepsini --- cila<br />
\\\ amilaza --- triacilgliceroli<br />
\\\ lipaza --- saxamebeli<br />
\\\ tripsini --- laqtoza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> amoarCieT <strong>swori</strong> Sesabam<strong>is</strong>oba momnelebel fermentebsa da maT substratebs<br />
Sor<strong>is</strong>:<br />
\\\ pepsini --- triacilgliceroli<br />
\\ amilaza --- saxamebeli<br />
\\\ lipaza --- saxamebeli<br />
\\\ tripsini --- laqtoza
<strong>\\\\</strong> adamian<strong>is</strong> BMI-<strong>is</strong> maCvenebl<strong>is</strong> gamoTvl<strong>is</strong>as mniSvnelovani parametrebia:<br />
\\\ sxeul<strong>is</strong> masa da organizm<strong>is</strong> asaki<br />
\\\ asaki, sqesi da fizikur aqtivoba<br />
\\\ simaRle da fizikur aqtivoba<br />
\\ sxeul<strong>is</strong> masa da simaRle<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> sad mimdinareobs triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong> resinTezi qilomikroneb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>?<br />
\\\ cximovan qsovilSi<br />
\\\ s<strong>is</strong>xlSi<br />
\\ nawlav<strong>is</strong> epiTeliumSi<br />
\\\ RviZlSi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong>a organizm<strong>is</strong> mTavari eleqtrolitebi?<br />
\\\ Ca2+ , Mg2+ , Cl-<br />
\\\ Na+, Mg2+, Mn2+<br />
\\ Na+, K+, Cl-<br />
\\\ K+, Mn+, Cl-<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> ujredeb<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> warmoadgens glukoza erTaderT energetikul sawvavs?<br />
\\ eriTrociteb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ nervuli ujredeb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ adipociteb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ kunTovani ujredeb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> Ram<strong>is</strong> SimSil<strong>is</strong> periodSi organizm<strong>is</strong> mTavari energetikuli wyaroa:<br />
\\ glikogeni<br />
\\\ glukoza
\\\ aminomJavebi<br />
\\\ cximovani mJavebi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong>a naxSirwyleb<strong>is</strong> metabolizm<strong>is</strong> mTavari maregulirebeli hormonebi?<br />
\\\ glukokortikoidebi da mineralkortikoidebi<br />
\\ insulini da glukagoni<br />
\\\ Tiroiduli da paraTiroiduli hormoni<br />
\\\ zrd<strong>is</strong> hormoni da prolaqtini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerTi warmoadgens naxSirwyleb<strong>is</strong> samarago formas adamian<strong>is</strong><br />
organizmSi?<br />
\\\ saxamebeli<br />
\\ glikogeni<br />
\\\ laqtoza<br />
\\\ saqaroza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> energi<strong>is</strong> ra raodenoba Tav<strong>is</strong>ufldeba eTanol<strong>is</strong> daJangv<strong>is</strong>as?<br />
\\\ 4kkal/g<br />
\\\ 5kkal/g<br />
\\\ 10kkal/g<br />
\\ 7kkal/g<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> zrda-ganviTareb<strong>is</strong> romel periodSia yvelaze maRali BMR?<br />
\\\ ucvlelia asak<strong>is</strong> mixedviT<br />
\\ mozardebSi<br />
\\\ zrdasrulebSi<br />
\\\ xandazmulebSi
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> cximovani mJavaa esenciuri?<br />
\\\ palmitinmJava<br />
\\ linolmJava<br />
\\\ stearinmJava<br />
\\\ oleinmJava<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra raodenob<strong>is</strong> energia Tav<strong>is</strong>ufldeba 1g cxim<strong>is</strong> daJangv<strong>is</strong>as?<br />
\\\ 4 kkal/g<br />
\\\ 5 kkal/g<br />
\\ 9 kkal/g<br />
\\\ 7 kkal/g<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra raodenob<strong>is</strong> energia Tav<strong>is</strong>ufldeba 1g cil<strong>is</strong> daJangv<strong>is</strong>as?<br />
\\ 4,1 kkal/g<br />
\\\ 5 kkal/g<br />
\\\ 9 kkal/g<br />
\\\ 7 kkal/g<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> cximovani mJavaa esenciuri?<br />
\\\ palmitinmJava<br />
\\ linolenmJava<br />
\\\ stearinmJava<br />
\\\ oleinmJava<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> qvemoTCamoTvlilTagan <strong>romeli</strong> ar monawileobs hem<strong>is</strong> biosinTezSi?<br />
\\ propionmJava<br />
\\\ suqcinil-CoA
\\\ glicini<br />
\\\ feroioni<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerT<strong>is</strong> koncentracia izreba tyviiT mowamvl<strong>is</strong> dros?<br />
\\ aminolevulinat<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ porfobilinogen<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ protoporfirini I –<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ hem<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> feroqelatazas <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> <strong>swori</strong> <strong>debulebaa</strong>:<br />
\\\ aTav<strong>is</strong>uflebs rkinas hemidan hemoglobin<strong>is</strong> degradaci<strong>is</strong> dros<br />
\\\ akavSirebs rkinas gogird<strong>is</strong> ionebTan da c<strong>is</strong>tein<strong>is</strong> naSTebTan<br />
\\ mgrZnobiarea mZime metaleb<strong>is</strong> mimarT<br />
\\\ lokalizebulia citoplazmaSi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> ganartebaa <strong>swori</strong> hemoqsigenazas <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>?<br />
\\ saWiroebs molekulur Jangbads<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong>i gardaqn<strong>is</strong> produqtia bilirubini<br />
\\\ warmoqmn<strong>is</strong> naxSirbad<strong>is</strong> dioqsids<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong>i substratia protoporfirini-IX<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ipoveT WeSmariti debuleba hemoqsigenazas <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>:<br />
\\\ monawileobs hem<strong>is</strong> biosinTezur gzaSi<br />
\\ ar<strong>is</strong> NADPH damokidebuli fermenti<br />
\\\ akatalizebs bilirubin<strong>is</strong> gardaqmnas bilirubin<strong>is</strong> diglukuronidad<br />
\\\ igi uzrunvelyofs rkin<strong>is</strong> ion<strong>is</strong> CarTvas protoporfirin<strong>is</strong> struqturaSi
<strong>\\\\</strong> ALA sinTazas <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> <strong>debulebaa</strong> mcdari?<br />
\\\ ar<strong>is</strong> hem<strong>is</strong> sinTez<strong>is</strong> pirveli da siCqar<strong>is</strong> ganmsazRvreli safexuri<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong>i kofermentia piridoqsalfosfati<br />
\\ m<strong>is</strong>i substratia hemi<br />
\\\ warmoqmn<strong>is</strong> delta-aminolevulinats<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> suqcinil-CoA + glicini -------- reaqci<strong>is</strong> Sedegad miiReba:<br />
\\ aminolevulinmJava<br />
\\\ biliverdini<br />
\\\ hidroqsimeTilbilani<br />
\\\ protoporfirini-IX<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> kansa da skleraSi <strong>romeli</strong> nivTiereb<strong>is</strong> Calageba vlindeba siyviTliT?<br />
\\\ biliverdin<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ bilirubin<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ urobilin<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ hematin<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> ganmartebaa <strong>swori</strong> koniugirebuli bilirubin<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>?<br />
\\\ s<strong>is</strong>xlSi transportirdeba albuminTan SekavSirebul mdgomareobaSi<br />
\\ mciredia krigler-naiar<strong>is</strong> sindrom<strong>is</strong> dros UDP-glukuroniltransferazas<br />
deficit<strong>is</strong> gamo<br />
\\\ SratSi mcirdeba sanaRvle gzeb<strong>is</strong> obstruqci<strong>is</strong>as<br />
\\\ ar<strong>is</strong> naklebad xsnadi, vidre arakoniugirebuli bilirubini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> CamoTvlilTagan <strong>romeli</strong> araa hem<strong>is</strong> biosinTez<strong>is</strong> intermediati?<br />
\\\ hidroqsimeTilbilani<br />
\\ beta-hidroqsibutirati
\\\ uroporfirinogeni<br />
\\\ koproporfirinogeni<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerTi monawileobs hem<strong>is</strong> biosinTezSi?<br />
\\ delta-aminolevulinmJava<br />
\\\ beta-hidroqsi-beta-meTilglutaril-CoA<br />
\\\ alfa-ketoglutarati<br />
\\\ gama-aminobutirati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> mwvave xangamoSvebiTi porfiri<strong>is</strong> ganviTarebaSi mniSvnelovania hem<strong>is</strong><br />
biosinTez<strong>is</strong> fermentuli anomaliebi, rogoricaa ALA-sinTazas sagrZnobi mateba da<br />
porfobilinogendeaminazas TiTqm<strong>is</strong> ganaxevreba. rogori taqtika ar ar<strong>is</strong><br />
mizanSewonili am daavadeb<strong>is</strong> adreuli simptomeb<strong>is</strong> gamovlen<strong>is</strong>as?<br />
\\ barbiturateb<strong>is</strong> gamoyeneba fsiqo-nevrologiuri aSlilob<strong>is</strong> mosaxsnelad<br />
\\\ glukoz<strong>is</strong> gadasxma<br />
\\\ intravenurad hematin<strong>is</strong> Seyvana<br />
\\\ porfobilinogen<strong>is</strong> dadgena Sard<strong>is</strong> analiziT<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> CO-s daxasiaTeb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> mcdari <strong>debulebaa</strong>:<br />
\\\ endogenurad <strong>is</strong> miiReba hemoqsigenazuri reaqci<strong>is</strong> Sedegad<br />
\\ m<strong>is</strong>i biologiuri moqmedeba gamoixateba vazokonstriqciiT<br />
\\\ <strong>is</strong> NO-s struqturuli analogía<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong>i efeqti miiRweva cGMP-s gamoyenebiT<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> hemoglobin<strong>is</strong> katabolizm<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> marTebulia:<br />
\\\ mimdinareobs s<strong>is</strong>xl<strong>is</strong> wiTel ujredebSi<br />
\\ moicavs porfirin<strong>is</strong> rgol<strong>is</strong> JangviT gaxleCvas<br />
\\\ aTav<strong>is</strong>uflebs naxSirbad<strong>is</strong> dioqsids
\\\ Sedegad iZleva protoporfirinogens<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> CamoTvlilTagan <strong>romeli</strong> ar iyenebs NADPH-s, rogorc koferments?<br />
\\\ glutamatdehidrogenaza<br />
\\ ALA-sinTaza<br />
\\\ hemoqsigenaza<br />
\\\ HMG-CoA reduqtaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> naRvl<strong>is</strong> pigmenteb<strong>is</strong> aRwer<strong>is</strong>as romel debulebas ar eTanxmebiT?<br />
\\\ bilirubini warmoiqmneba biliverdin<strong>is</strong>agan biliverdinreduqtazas moqmedebiT<br />
\\\ arapirdapiri bilirubini cirkulirebs s<strong>is</strong>xlSi albuminTan SekavSirebuli<br />
saxiT<br />
\\\ bilirubin<strong>is</strong> koniugireba xdeba RviZlSi glukuronmJavasTan urTierTqmedebiT<br />
\\ naRvl<strong>is</strong> SemadgenlobaSi ZiriTadad arakoniugirebuli bilirubini gvxvdeba<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> hiperbilirubinemia SesaZloa ganviTardes ramodenime mizeziT.<br />
dasaxelebulTagan <strong>romeli</strong> ar CaiTvleba hiperbilirubinemi<strong>is</strong> ganmapirobeblad?<br />
\\\ gaZlierebuli hemolizi, rac zrd<strong>is</strong> hem<strong>is</strong> daSl<strong>is</strong> siCqares<br />
\\ gaZlierebuli hemopoezi, rac zrd<strong>is</strong> hem<strong>is</strong> biosinTezs<br />
\\\ RviZl<strong>is</strong> ujredeb<strong>is</strong> destruqcia, rac amcirebs bilirubin<strong>is</strong> koniugireb<strong>is</strong><br />
SesaZleblobas<br />
\\\ sanaRvle gzeb<strong>is</strong> daxSoba da naRvl<strong>is</strong> moZraob<strong>is</strong> Seferxeba nawlaveb<strong>is</strong>aken<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> hem<strong>is</strong> biosinTez<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> ara<strong>swori</strong> <strong>debulebaa</strong>:<br />
\\\ am proces<strong>is</strong> siCqar<strong>is</strong> ganmsazRvrel safexurs akatalizebs ALA_sinTaza<br />
\\ ALA sinTazas aqtivatorebia hemi da hematini<br />
\\\ ALA-dehidratazas aqtivoba 80-jer ufro maRalia, vidre ALA-sinTazasi<br />
\\\ glukoza da m<strong>is</strong>i metabolitebi ainhibireben hem<strong>is</strong> biosinTezs
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> sasignalo molekula warmoiqmneba hem<strong>is</strong> katabolizm<strong>is</strong> dros?<br />
\\\ NO<br />
\\\ kateqolaminebi<br />
\\ CO<br />
\\\ cAMP<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> procesia endogenuri CO-s warmomqmneli?<br />
\\\ glukozas anaerobuli daJangva<br />
\\\ piruvat<strong>is</strong> JangviTi dekarboqsilireba<br />
\\ hem<strong>is</strong> degradacia<br />
\\\ palmitat<strong>is</strong> beta-oqsidacia<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> arapirdapiri da pirdapiri bilirubin<strong>is</strong> SedarebiTi daxasiaTeb<strong>is</strong>as <strong>swori</strong>a:<br />
\\\ arapirdapiri bilirubini wyalSi kargi xsnadobiT gamoirCeva<br />
\\\ pirdapiri bilirubini maRali koncentraciiT gvxvdeba s<strong>is</strong>xlSi, radgan xsnadia<br />
\\ bilirubini moyviTalo-narinj<strong>is</strong>feri pigmentia<br />
\\\ albuminTan dakavSirebulia pirdapiri bilirubini
mesenjerebi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> signal<strong>is</strong> transduqci<strong>is</strong> romel gzaSi xdeba sasignalo molekul<strong>is</strong> transporti<br />
s<strong>is</strong>xl<strong>is</strong> saSualebiT?<br />
\\ endokrinuli<br />
\\\ parakrinuli<br />
\\\ sinapsuri<br />
\\\ autokrinuli<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> sasignalo molekul<strong>is</strong> samizne ujred<strong>is</strong> receptors axasiaTebs maRali<br />
afinuroba ligand<strong>is</strong> mimarT?<br />
\\\ lokaluri mediator<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ neirotransmiter<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ hormon<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ yvela maTgan<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> CamoTvlilTagan, romel sasignalo molekulas ar SeuZlia gadalaxos<br />
ujred<strong>is</strong> plazmuri membrana?<br />
\\\ steroidul hormons<br />
\\ zrd<strong>is</strong> faqtors<br />
\\\ Tiroidul hormons<br />
\\\ retinmJavas<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> CamoTvlilTagan, <strong>romeli</strong>a lipiduri meoradi mesenjeri?<br />
\\\ cAMP<br />
\\ diacilgliceroli (DAG)
\\\ cGMP<br />
\\\ Ca2+<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> <strong>fermentebi</strong> akatalizeben cileb<strong>is</strong> fosforilirebas signal<strong>is</strong><br />
ujredSida transduqci<strong>is</strong> gzebSi?<br />
\\\ fosfodiesTerazebi<br />
\\\ proteinfosfatazebi<br />
\\ proteinkinazebi<br />
\\\ fosfohidrolazebi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra igul<strong>is</strong>xmeba desensitizaci<strong>is</strong> qveS?<br />
\\ samizne ujred<strong>is</strong> receptoreb<strong>is</strong> mgrZnobelob<strong>is</strong> dakargva agon<strong>is</strong>t<strong>is</strong> mimarT<br />
\\\ signal<strong>is</strong> transduqci<strong>is</strong> sawy<strong>is</strong>i etapi<br />
\\\ receptor<strong>is</strong> afinurob<strong>is</strong> zrda agon<strong>is</strong>t<strong>is</strong> mimarT<br />
\\\ signal<strong>is</strong> gavrceleba ujred<strong>is</strong> SigniT<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> G cil<strong>is</strong> cikl<strong>is</strong> aRwer<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> romel debulebas eTanxmebiT?<br />
\\\ bazalur mdgomareobaSi G cilebi homotrimerebia<br />
\\ alfa-suberTeuls GTP-azuri aqtivoba aqvs<br />
\\\ alfa–GTP efeqtor<strong>is</strong> mimarT araaqtiuri konformacia<br />
\\\ alfa–GDP efeqtor<strong>is</strong> mimarT aqtiuri konformacia<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra udevs safuZvlad nitroglicerin<strong>is</strong> antianginozur moqmedebas?<br />
\\ vazodilatacia, gamowveuli azot<strong>is</strong> oqsid<strong>is</strong> egzogenuri donorirebiT<br />
\\\ vazokonstriqcia, gamowveuli s<strong>is</strong>xlZarRveb<strong>is</strong> gluvi kunTeb<strong>is</strong> kumSvadob<strong>is</strong><br />
matebiT<br />
\\\ Jangbadze moTxovnileb<strong>is</strong> gazrda<br />
\\\ gluvkunTovan ujredebSi cGMP-s koncentraci<strong>is</strong> Semcireba
<strong>\\\\</strong> s<strong>is</strong>xlZarRvTa relaqsaci<strong>is</strong> wamyvani meoradi mesenjeria:<br />
\\\ DAG<br />
\\\ PIP3<br />
\\\ cAMP<br />
\\ cGMP<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra ewodeba ujredSor<strong>is</strong> signal<strong>is</strong> transduqci<strong>is</strong> tips, roca erT ujreds<br />
meoresTan kontaqti SeuZlia did d<strong>is</strong>tanciaze?<br />
\\\ autokrinuli<br />
\\ endokrinuli<br />
\\\ kontaqtdamokidebuli<br />
\\\ parakrinuli<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> <strong>debulebaa</strong> WeSmariti ujredSida receptoreb<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>?<br />
\\\ rogorc wesi, hidrofilur ligandebs ukavSirdebian<br />
\\\ signal<strong>is</strong> transduqci<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> saWiroeben fosforileb<strong>is</strong> kaskads<br />
\\ ligandTan dakavSireb<strong>is</strong> Semdeg aregulireben gen<strong>is</strong> transkripcias<br />
\\\ aqvT unari ligand<strong>is</strong> gareSe daukavSirdnen dnm-<strong>is</strong> specifikur Tanmimdevrobebs<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> membranuli receptoreb<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> <strong>swori</strong> <strong>debulebaa</strong>:<br />
\\\ urTierTqmedebs mxolod didi zom<strong>is</strong> molekulasTan<br />
\\ ligandTan dakavSireb<strong>is</strong> Semdeg aaqtiurebs fermentul kaskads<br />
\\\ ligandTan dakavSireb<strong>is</strong> Semdeg aucileblad xsn<strong>is</strong> ionur arxs<br />
\\\ ligand<strong>is</strong> daukavSireblad warmoqmn<strong>is</strong> meorad mesenjers<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> debuleba ewinaaRmdegeba cil<strong>is</strong> fosforilebaze damyarebul signal<strong>is</strong><br />
transduqci<strong>is</strong> gzas?
\\ tirozinkinaza yovelTv<strong>is</strong> receptoruli cil<strong>is</strong> nawilia<br />
\\\ fosforileba SeiZleba moxdes serinze an Treoninze<br />
\\\ proteinkinazuri kaskadi iwvevs signal<strong>is</strong> amplifikacias<br />
\\\ fosforileba cvl<strong>is</strong> cil<strong>is</strong> struqturas da funqcias<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> rogor xorcieldeba signal<strong>is</strong> transduqci<strong>is</strong> terminacia ujred<strong>is</strong> zedapir<strong>is</strong><br />
receptoreb<strong>is</strong> meSveobiT?<br />
\\\ agon<strong>is</strong>t<strong>is</strong> raodenob<strong>is</strong> momatebiT<br />
\\ receptor-agon<strong>is</strong>t<strong>is</strong> kompleqs<strong>is</strong> internalizaciiTa da degradaciiT<br />
\\\ receptor<strong>is</strong> mgrZnobelob<strong>is</strong> momatebiT agon<strong>is</strong>t<strong>is</strong> mimarT<br />
\\\ receptoreb<strong>is</strong> raodenob<strong>is</strong> gazrdiT<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ras warmoadgens kalmodulini?<br />
\\\ araspecifikuri kinazas<br />
\\ cilas, <strong>romeli</strong>c ikavSirebs Ca 2+<br />
\\\ meorad mesenjers<br />
\\\ cilovan arxs, <strong>romeli</strong>c Ca2+-<strong>is</strong> Sedineb<strong>is</strong> gamaaqtivebelia<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> G-cilasTan dakavSirebuli <strong>romeli</strong> mtkicebaa marTebuli?<br />
\\\G G-cila uSualod ukavSirdeba hormons ujred<strong>is</strong> zedapirze<br />
\\ alfa suberTeuli SeiZleba iyos rogorc mastimulirebeli, aseve<br />
mainhibirebeli<br />
\\\ GTP-<strong>is</strong> hidrolizi aucilebelia G-cil<strong>is</strong> suberTeul<strong>is</strong> gamocalkeveb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ mosvenebul mdgomareobaSi GTP G cilasTanaa dakavSirebuli<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> meorad mesenjerebs miekuTvneba:<br />
\\\ glukagoni<br />
\\ diacilgliceroli
\\\ epinefrini<br />
\\\ insulini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> aminomJaveb<strong>is</strong> radikaleb<strong>is</strong> fosforilireba xdeba proteinkinazur<br />
kaskadSi?<br />
\\\ glicin<strong>is</strong> da valin<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ prolin<strong>is</strong> da meTionin<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ triftofan<strong>is</strong> da fenilalanin<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ serin<strong>is</strong> da Treonin<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> aminomJavas radikal<strong>is</strong> fosforilireba xdeba proteinkinazur<br />
kaskadSi?<br />
\\\ valin<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ fenilalanin<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ triftofan<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ tirozin<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> signal<strong>is</strong> transduqci<strong>is</strong> terminaci<strong>is</strong> meqanizmSi ar igul<strong>is</strong>xmeba:<br />
\\\ agon<strong>is</strong>t<strong>is</strong> koncentraci<strong>is</strong> Semcireba areSi<br />
\\\ agon<strong>is</strong>t-receptoruli kompleqs<strong>is</strong> internalizacia<br />
\\\ receptor<strong>is</strong> inaqtivacia<br />
\\ agon<strong>is</strong>tsa da receptors Sor<strong>is</strong> afinurob<strong>is</strong> gazrda<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> tirozinkinazuri receptoreb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> ar ar<strong>is</strong> damaxasiaTebeli:<br />
\\ ramdenime transmembranuli domein<strong>is</strong> arseboba<br />
\\\ ligandTan dakavSireb<strong>is</strong> Semdgomi dimerizacia<br />
\\\ autofosforileba<br />
\\\ ujredSida specifikur cilebTan amosacnobi saitiT dakavSireba
<strong>\\\\</strong> samizne ujredeb<strong>is</strong> receptoreb<strong>is</strong> maRali afinuroba hormoneb<strong>is</strong> mimarT<br />
SesaZlebels xd<strong>is</strong>:<br />
\\\ signal<strong>is</strong> kontaqtdamokidebuli transduqci<strong>is</strong> ganxorcielebas<br />
\\\ neb<strong>is</strong>mieri hormon<strong>is</strong> dakavSirebas maTi koncentraci<strong>is</strong> miuxedavad s<strong>is</strong>xlSi<br />
\\ Sesabam<strong>is</strong>i hormon<strong>is</strong> specifikur dakavSirebas s<strong>is</strong>xlSi Zalian dabali<br />
koncentraci<strong>is</strong> pirobebSic ki<br />
\\\ hormon-receptoruli kompleqsidan hormon<strong>is</strong> advilad d<strong>is</strong>ocirebas<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> meorad mesenjerebs ar miekuTvneba:<br />
\\ epinefrini<br />
\\\ cikluri AMP<br />
\\\ diacilgliceroli<br />
\\\ PIP3<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> signal<strong>is</strong> transduqci<strong>is</strong> romel gzas miekuTvneba ujredebs Sor<strong>is</strong> arsebuli<br />
arxebiT ganxorcielebuli transduqcia, <strong>romeli</strong>c mcire zom<strong>is</strong> ioneb<strong>is</strong>a da<br />
metaboliteb<strong>is</strong> pirdapiri transfer<strong>is</strong> saSualebas iZleva?<br />
\\\ endokrinuls<br />
\\\ parakrinuls<br />
\\\ autokrinuls<br />
\\ iuqstakrinuls<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> sasignalo molekulebi gamoiyeneba signal<strong>is</strong> sinapsuri gziT<br />
transduqci<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>?<br />
\\\ citokinebi<br />
\\ neirotransmiterebi<br />
\\\ steroiduli hormonebi<br />
\\\ prostaglandinebi
<strong>\\\\</strong> CamoTvlilTagan, romels ar gaaCnia ujredSida receptorebi?<br />
\\\ vitamin D3-<strong>is</strong> nawarmebs<br />
\\ epinefrins<br />
\\\ Tiroidul hormonebs<br />
\\\ steroidul hormonebs<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> <strong>debulebaa</strong> WeSmariti meorad mesenjerebTan dakavSirebiT?<br />
\\ mcire zom<strong>is</strong> molekulebia, romlebic agon<strong>is</strong>t<strong>is</strong> receptorTan dakavSireb<strong>is</strong><br />
Semdeg generirdebian da axdenen signal<strong>is</strong> ujredSida transduqcias<br />
\\\ didi zom<strong>is</strong> molekulebia, romlebsac miaqvT signali samizne ujredTan<br />
\\\ yvela maTgani wyalSi xsnadobiT gamoirCeva<br />
\\\ yvela maTgani organul molekulebs warmoadgens<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> sasignalo molekulaa pasux<strong>is</strong>mgebeli anTebiT da imunur pasuxze?<br />
\\\ neirotransmiterebi<br />
\\\ cilovani hormonebi<br />
\\ citokinebi<br />
\\\ steroiduli hormonebi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> <strong>debulebaa</strong> mcdari heterotrimerul G cilasTan dakavSirebiT?<br />
\\\ SeuRlebulia 7 transmembranuli domein<strong>is</strong>gan Semdgar receptorTan<br />
\\\ Sedgeba alfa, beta, gama suberTeuleb<strong>is</strong>agan<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong> alfa suberTeuls aqvs guaninnukleotiddamakavSirebeli da GTP-azuri<br />
aqtivoba<br />
\\ Gs ojax<strong>is</strong> alfa s suberTeulebi ainhibirebs adenilatciklazas<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> fermenti zrd<strong>is</strong> cAMP-s Sigaujredul koncentracias?
\\\ fosfoproteinfosfataza<br />
\\ adenilatciklaza<br />
\\\ guanilatciklaza<br />
\\\ cikluri nukleotid fosfodiesTeraza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel fermentTan ar<strong>is</strong> asocirebuli – NO-s moqmedeba?<br />
\\ xsnad gunilatciklazasTan<br />
\\\ cGMP-damokidebul proteinkinazasTan<br />
\\\ cAMP-damokidebul proteinkinazasTan<br />
\\\ adenilatciklazasTan<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> neirotransmiter<strong>is</strong> mier regulirdeba anion-seleqtiuri receptorebi?<br />
\\\ acetilqolin<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ gama-aminobutirat<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ glutamat<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ serotonin<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> CamoTvlilTagan, <strong>romeli</strong>a zogadad qimiuri mesenjereb<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong><br />
damaxasiaTebeli?<br />
\\\ koordinirebuli pasux<strong>is</strong> m<strong>is</strong>aRebad yoveli mesenjer<strong>is</strong> sekrecia xdeba<br />
gansxvavebuli tip<strong>is</strong> ujredebiT;<br />
\\ yoveli mesenjeri ukavSirdeba specifikur receptors samizne ujredSi;<br />
\\\ qimiuri mesenjeri unda moxvdes ujredSi, rom gadasces Tav<strong>is</strong>i mesiji;<br />
\\\ qimiuri mesenjerebi metabolizdebian meore mesenjerebad, rom gadascen<br />
Tav<strong>is</strong>i signali;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> pirvelad mesenjerebs miekuTvneba:<br />
\\\ cAMP<br />
\\\ GMP<br />
\\\ DAG<br />
\\ adrenalini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> plazmuri membran<strong>is</strong> receptorebs ar miekuTvneba:<br />
\\\ ion-arxuli tip<strong>is</strong> receptorebi
\\ genspecifikuri transkripci<strong>is</strong> faqtorebi<br />
\\\ G cilasTan SeuRlebuli receptorebi<br />
\\\ Tirozinkinazuri receptorebi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> CamoTvlilidan <strong>romeli</strong> Tv<strong>is</strong>eba axasiaTebs im qimiur mesenjerebs,<br />
romlebic intraujredul transkripciul faqtorebs ukavSirdebian?<br />
\\\ <strong>is</strong>ini an citokinebi an polipeptiduri hormonebi arian;<br />
\\\ <strong>is</strong>ini mcire zom<strong>is</strong> neirotransmiterebi arian;<br />
\\\ <strong>is</strong>ini iwveven ujredSi swraf cvlilebebs;<br />
\\ maTi hidrofoburob<strong>is</strong> gamo <strong>is</strong>ini ukavSirdebian cilovan ujredSida<br />
receptorebs;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> epinefrinTan dakavSirebiT <strong>romeli</strong> receptori ar gamoiwvevs cAMP-<strong>is</strong> kaskad<strong>is</strong><br />
CarTvas:<br />
\\\ beta−2 adrenerguli receptori<br />
\\\ beta −1 adrenerguli receptori<br />
\\ alfa−1 adrenerguli receptori<br />
\\\ beta −3 adrenerguli receptori<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> acetilqolin<strong>is</strong> nikotinuri receptori ar warmoadgens:<br />
\\\ ion-arxuli tip<strong>is</strong> receptors;<br />
\\ gen-specifikur receptors;<br />
\\\ receptors, romelTanac acetilqolin<strong>is</strong> dakavSireba iwvevs<br />
daxurulidan Ria konformaciaSi gadasvlas;<br />
\\\ alosterul proteins;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> meorad mesenjers miekuTvneba:<br />
\\ cAMP<br />
\\\ kortizoli<br />
\\\ insulini<br />
\\\ epinefrini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> PI s<strong>is</strong>tem<strong>is</strong> amoqmedeba fosfolipaza C-s gaaqtiurebiT iwyeba, rac<br />
movlenaTa mimdevrob<strong>is</strong> aRZvras ganapirobebs, <strong>romeli</strong> debuleba ar<br />
Seesabameba am movlenas?<br />
\\ IP3-<strong>is</strong> gaaqtiureba fosfolipaza A-s meSveobiT<br />
\\\ Ca2+-<strong>is</strong> ujredSida koncentraci<strong>is</strong> gazrda<br />
\\\ proteinkinaza C-s gaaqtiveba
\\\ konkretuli citoplazmuri cileb<strong>is</strong> fosforileba<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> nitroglicerini da sxva nitratebi xSirad iniSneba stenokardiuli<br />
tkivil<strong>is</strong> mosaxsnelad. ra bioqimiuri procesi udevs mas safuZvlad?<br />
\\ nitroglicerin<strong>is</strong> daSliT gamoiyofa azot<strong>is</strong> monoqsidi (NO) <strong>romeli</strong>c<br />
adunebs gluv kunTs da iwvevs vazodilatacias.<br />
\\\ nitroglicerin<strong>is</strong> daSliT gamoiyofa azot<strong>is</strong> monoqsidi (NO), <strong>romeli</strong>c<br />
iwvevs vazokonstriqcias, rac amsubuqebs tkivil<strong>is</strong> SegrZnebas<br />
\\\ zrd<strong>is</strong> gul<strong>is</strong> kunT<strong>is</strong> moTxovnilebas Jangbadze da amcirebs s<strong>is</strong>xl<strong>is</strong><br />
miwodebas.<br />
\\\ iwvevs aTerosklerozuli folaqeb<strong>is</strong> liz<strong>is</strong>s, rac s<strong>is</strong>xlZarRv<strong>is</strong><br />
sanaTur<strong>is</strong> diametrs zrd<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerTi ar monawileobs beta-adrenerguli receptoreb<strong>is</strong><br />
signal<strong>is</strong> transduqciaSi?<br />
\\\ ATP<br />
\\\ cAMP<br />
\\\ PIP2<br />
\\ cGMP<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel produqtebad gardaqmn<strong>is</strong> hormon-aqtivirebadi fosfolipaza C<br />
fosfatidilinozitol 4,5 b<strong>is</strong>fosfats?<br />
\\ diacilglicerol+inozitoltrifosfati<br />
\\\ diacilglicerol+inozitoli + fosfati<br />
\\\ gliceroli + inozitoli + fosfati<br />
\\\ gliceroli + fosfoserini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> CamoTvlili hormonebidan, roml<strong>is</strong> receptors axasiaTebs autofosforileba?<br />
\\ insulin<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ glukagon<strong>is</strong>
\\\ epinefrin<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ Tiroqsin<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong>a ara<strong>swori</strong> debuleba adenilatciklazasTan dakavSirebiT ?<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong>i substratia ATP<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong>i produqtia cAMP<br />
\\\ CarTulia signal<strong>is</strong> transduqci<strong>is</strong> gzebSi<br />
\\ uzrunvelyofs cAMP-s gardaqmnas AMP-d<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> avTv<strong>is</strong>ebiani miasTeni<strong>is</strong> dros aRiniSneba postsinapsuri<br />
acetilqolinuri receptor<strong>is</strong> funqciuri Semcireba. <strong>romeli</strong> gza SeiZleba<br />
iyos m<strong>is</strong>aRebi am deficit<strong>is</strong> dasaZlevad?<br />
\\\ acetilqolinesTerazas aqtivator<strong>is</strong> gamoyeneba<br />
\\ acetilqolinesTerazas inhibitor<strong>is</strong> gamoyeneba<br />
\\\ dofamin<strong>is</strong> receptoreb<strong>is</strong> gaaqtiveba<br />
\\\ gama-aminobutirat<strong>is</strong> Seyvana<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> gul<strong>is</strong> ukmar<strong>is</strong>ob<strong>is</strong> samkurnalod farTod gamoiyeneba beta-adrenerguli<br />
receptoreb<strong>is</strong> antagon<strong>is</strong>tebi. <strong>romeli</strong> debuleba xsn<strong>is</strong> am Terapiul gzas?<br />
\\\ epinefrin<strong>is</strong>a da norepinefrin<strong>is</strong> raodenob<strong>is</strong> Semcireba<br />
\\\ kardialuri funqcia aRdgeba beta1 da beta2 receptoreb<strong>is</strong><br />
stimulirebiT<br />
\\\ iTrguneba Gs --- adenilatciklaza --- proteinkinazas signaluri kaskadi<br />
\\ mcirdeba beta1, beta2 da alfa1 adrenerguli receptoreb<strong>is</strong> raodenoba<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> amoarCieT <strong>swori</strong> Tanmimdevroba signal<strong>is</strong> transduqci<strong>is</strong> sqemaSi:<br />
\\\ acetilqolinuri receptori --- adaptor cila – acetilqolini<br />
\\\ Tirozinkinazuri receptori --- insulini --- gen<strong>is</strong> eqspresia<br />
\\ azot<strong>is</strong> monoqsidi --- guanilatciklaza --- cGMP --- s<strong>is</strong>xlZarRvTa<br />
gluvkunTovani relaqsacia<br />
\\\ gul<strong>is</strong> SekumSv<strong>is</strong> gaZliereba da gaxSireba --- beta-adrenerguli<br />
receptori --- epinefrini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ujreduli signali gul<strong>is</strong>xmobs yvela CamoTvlils, garda:<br />
\\\ ujredSor<strong>is</strong> komunikacias<br />
\\ ujred<strong>is</strong> narCeni produqt<strong>is</strong> gamotanas
\\\ garemosTan kontaqts<br />
\\\ stimulze pasuxs<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glukagoni ukavSirdeba G cilasTan asocirebul membranul receptors.<br />
rasac mohyveba adenilatciklazas aqtivireba da cAMP-s warmoqmna.<br />
(1) transduseri (2) efeqtori (3) pirveli mesenjeri (4) meore mesenjeri<br />
SearCieT <strong>swori</strong> danomvra:<br />
\\\ (4) G proteini (2) adenilatciklaza<br />
\\ (3) glukagoni (4) cAMP<br />
\\\ (1) G proteini (2) GTP (3) glukagoni (4) cAMP<br />
\\\ (1) glukagoni (2) G proteini (3) adenilatciklaza (4) cAMP<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> riT aixsneba G cil<strong>is</strong> inaqtivireb<strong>is</strong> unari?<br />
\\ alfa suberTeul<strong>is</strong> GTP-azuri aqtivobiT<br />
\\\ efeqtor<strong>is</strong> gaaqtivebiT<br />
\\\ receptorTan dakavSirebiT<br />
\\\ suberTeuleb<strong>is</strong> d<strong>is</strong>ociaciiT<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> sasignalo molekula SeiZleba iyos arteriuli wnev<strong>is</strong><br />
regulaci<strong>is</strong> Tanamonawile?<br />
\\\ cAMP<br />
\\ NO<br />
\\\ PIP3<br />
\\\ IP3<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> epinefrini --- G proteinTan dakavSirebuli receptori --- G proteini ---<br />
adenilatciklaza --- cAMP<br />
am gzaSi <strong>romeli</strong>a meoradi mesenjeri?<br />
\\ cAMP<br />
\\\ G proteini<br />
\\\ adenilatciklaza<br />
\\\ epinefrini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> sasignalo molekul<strong>is</strong> receptorTan dakavSireb<strong>is</strong> Semdeg <strong>romeli</strong> tip<strong>is</strong><br />
receptori iwvevs anioneb<strong>is</strong> an kaTioneb<strong>is</strong> ganawileb<strong>is</strong> Secvlas membran<strong>is</strong><br />
sawinaaRmdego mxares?<br />
\\\ Tirozin-kinaza receptori<br />
\\\ G cilasTan SeuRlebuli receptori<br />
\\\ citokinuri receptori<br />
\\ ligand-dakavSireb<strong>is</strong> ion-arxuli receptori
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> debuleba ar<strong>is</strong> <strong>swori</strong> diacilglicerol<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>?<br />
\\ <strong>is</strong> ar<strong>is</strong> hidrofoburi molekula<br />
\\\ <strong>is</strong> ujredSida receptoria<br />
\\\ mas gadahyavs araaqtiur mdgomareobaSi proteinkinaza C<br />
\\\ <strong>is</strong> ar ar<strong>is</strong> meoradi mesenjeri<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> ganmartebaa ara<strong>swori</strong> G proteineb<strong>is</strong> mimarT ?<br />
\\ Sedgebian 4 suberTeul<strong>is</strong>agan<br />
\\\ CarTulni arian sasgnalo gzebSi<br />
\\\ urTierTqmedeben receptorebTan<br />
\\\ mosvenebul mdgomareobaSi dakavSirebuli arian GDP-Tan<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra movlenas aqvs adgili, roca G cila urTierTqmedebs receptorTan?<br />
\\\ G cilas Sordeba gama suberTeuli<br />
\\\ G cilas CamoSordeba beta suberTeuli<br />
\\ trimeruli kompleqsidan warmoiqmneba alfa suberTeuli da beta-gama<br />
dimeri<br />
\\\ trimeruli Semadgenloba iSleba calkeul suberTeulebad<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> Tirozin kinazuri receptor<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> mesenjeri ar ar<strong>is</strong> tipiuri?<br />
\\\ insulini<br />
\\ acetilqolini<br />
\\\ zrd<strong>is</strong> faqtori<br />
\\\ citokinebi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> vitamini A-s <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> mcdari <strong>debulebaa</strong>:<br />
\\\ retinoli, retinal, retinmJava vitamini A-s formebia<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong>i winamorbedia beta-karotenebi<br />
\\ mxedvelob<strong>is</strong> ciklSi monacvleobs fosforilirebuli an<br />
defosforilirebuli saxiT<br />
\\\ retinmJavas gaaCnia birTvuli receptorebi steroideb<strong>is</strong> msgavsad<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra ar Seesabameba A vitamin<strong>is</strong> rols nivTierebaTa cvlaSi?<br />
\\\ igi da beta-karotenebi antioqsidantebi arian<br />
\\\ monawileobs zrd<strong>is</strong>a da diferencireb<strong>is</strong> procesSi<br />
\\\ CarTulia keratin<strong>is</strong> biosinTez<strong>is</strong> kontrolSi<br />
\\ warmoadgens oqsido-reduqtazeb<strong>is</strong> koferments<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel dasaxelebul wyalSi xsnad vitamins gaaCnia antioqsidanturi<br />
Tv<strong>is</strong>ebebi?<br />
\\ askorbinmJavas
\\\ niacins<br />
\\\ Tiamins<br />
\\\ riboflavins<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> SearCieT <strong>swori</strong> ganmarteba K vitamin<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>:<br />
\\\ asrulebs mniSvnelovan rols Tromboz<strong>is</strong> prevenciaSi<br />
\\\ ar<strong>is</strong> wyalSi xsnadi vitamini<br />
\\\ hemoragiuli daavadeb<strong>is</strong> mqone axalSobilebSi zrd<strong>is</strong> koagulaci<strong>is</strong> dros<br />
\\ sinTezdeba nawlavebSi baqterieb<strong>is</strong> mier<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> askorbinmJava asrulebs mraval funqcias. <strong>romeli</strong> pasuxi ar Seesabameba<br />
m<strong>is</strong> monawileobas sxvadasxva procesSi?<br />
\\\ rkin<strong>is</strong> absorbcia<br />
\\\ Zvl<strong>is</strong> formireba<br />
\\ RviZl<strong>is</strong> mwvave dazianeba didi dozebiT miReb<strong>is</strong>as<br />
\\\ hidroqsilireb<strong>is</strong> reaqciebSi m<strong>is</strong>i monawileoba<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> kalcium<strong>is</strong> optimalurze maRali raodenobiT Sewov<strong>is</strong>a da D vitamin<strong>is</strong><br />
deficit<strong>is</strong> pirobebSi SratSi kalcium<strong>is</strong> don<strong>is</strong> SenarCuneba moxdeba:<br />
\\\ paraTiroiduli hormon<strong>is</strong> daqveiTebiT, rac ainhibirebs kalcium<strong>is</strong><br />
eqskrecias<br />
\\\ kalcitonin<strong>is</strong> momatebiT<br />
\\ Zvl<strong>is</strong> rezorbci<strong>is</strong> gazrdiT, rac stimulirdeba paraTiroiduli<br />
hormon<strong>is</strong> zemoqmedebiT<br />
\\\ Tirkml<strong>is</strong> mier kalcium<strong>is</strong> reabsorbciiT<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> energi<strong>is</strong> warmoqmna Zlier irRveva Tiamin<strong>is</strong> deficit<strong>is</strong>as, gansakuTrebiT<br />
alkoholikebSi. TPP-s romel funqcias ukavSirdeba es problema?<br />
\\\ warmoadgens Jangava-aRdgeniTi <strong>fermentebi</strong>s ZiriTad kofaqtors<br />
\\ ar<strong>is</strong> aucilebeli kofaqtori piruvat<strong>is</strong>a da alfa-ketoglutarat<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ saWiroa transaminireb<strong>is</strong> gziT aminomJaveb<strong>is</strong> gamoyeneb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ saWiroa alkohol<strong>is</strong> daJangv<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel hormonTan SeTanxmebiT aregulirebs kalcium<strong>is</strong> dones s<strong>is</strong>xlSi<br />
1,25-dihidroqsiqolekalciferoli?<br />
\\ paraTiroidul hormonTan<br />
\\\ Tiroidul hormonTan<br />
\\\ kalcitoninTan<br />
\\\ 24,25-dihidroqsiqolekalciferolTan
<strong>\\\\</strong> vitamini, roml<strong>is</strong> deficits axlavs mravalmxrivi gamovlineba _<br />
mxedvelob<strong>is</strong> Sesusteba RamiT, qseroftalmia, hiperkeratozi ar<strong>is</strong>:<br />
\\\ vitamini E<br />
\\\ vitamini D<br />
\\ vitamini A<br />
\\\ vitamini C<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> CamoTvlilTagan <strong>romeli</strong> vitamin<strong>is</strong> siWarbes axasiaTebs toqsikuri<br />
zemoqmedeba, gamoxatuli Zvleb<strong>is</strong> tkiviliT, qerclovani dermatitiT,<br />
RviZl<strong>is</strong>a da elenT<strong>is</strong> gadidebiT?<br />
\\\ Tiamin<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ biotin<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ retinol<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ askorbat<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> rkin<strong>is</strong> miReb<strong>is</strong> Semcireb<strong>is</strong>as riboflavin<strong>is</strong> deficiti iwvevs anemias. Ra<br />
ar<strong>is</strong> am<strong>is</strong> mizezi?<br />
\\ monawileobs rkin<strong>is</strong> mobilizaciaSi<br />
\\\ hem<strong>is</strong> biosinTez<strong>is</strong> maregulirebeli ferment<strong>is</strong> kofaqtoria<br />
\\\ xels uSl<strong>is</strong> m<strong>is</strong> eqskrecias<br />
\\\ hemoqsigenazas aqtivatoria<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> pellagra warmoadgens vitaminuri deficit<strong>is</strong>as ganviTarebul<br />
simptomokompleqss <strong>romeli</strong>c moicavs diareas, demencias, dermatit<strong>is</strong>.<br />
<strong>romeli</strong> hipovitaminoz<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>aa aseTi suraTi damaxasiaTebeli?<br />
\\\ riboflavin<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ niacin<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ tokoferol<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ piridoqsin<strong>is</strong><br />
hemoglobini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> bor<strong>is</strong> efeqtidan gamomdinare, <strong>romeli</strong>a <strong>swori</strong> debuleba?<br />
\\\ pH-s ara aqvs mniSvnelovani gavlena T—R wonasworobaze
\\ pH-<strong>is</strong> Semcireba aZlierebs qsovilebSi oqsiHb-dan Jangbad<strong>is</strong> gamoTav<strong>is</strong>uflebas<br />
\\\ pH-s gavlena aqvs mxolod T-konformaciul Hb-ze<br />
\\\ pH-<strong>is</strong> Semcireba Trgunavs oqsiHb-dan Jangbad<strong>is</strong> gamoTav<strong>is</strong>uflebas<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> bor<strong>is</strong> efeqtidan gamomdinare, <strong>romeli</strong>a <strong>swori</strong> debuleba?<br />
\\ deoqsiHb-<strong>is</strong> oqsiHb-ad gardaqmn<strong>is</strong>as gamoTav<strong>is</strong>ufldebian protonebi<br />
\\\ protoneb<strong>is</strong> d<strong>is</strong>ociacias adgili aqvs oqsiHb-<strong>is</strong> deoqsiHb-ad gardaqmn<strong>is</strong> dros<br />
\\\ Hb-<strong>is</strong> oqsigenacia-deoqsigenaciaze pH-s araviTari gavlena ara aqvs<br />
\\\ pH-<strong>is</strong> Semcireba Trgunavs deoqsigenaci<strong>is</strong> process<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra ar axasiaTebs hemoglobins ?<br />
\\\ filtvebsa da qsovilebs Sor<strong>is</strong> O2-<strong>is</strong>, CO2-<strong>is</strong>a da H+ -ioneb<strong>is</strong> gadamtan<strong>is</strong><br />
funqcia;<br />
\\ mioglobinTan SedarebiT Jangbad<strong>is</strong>admi maRali afinuroba;<br />
\\\ Jangbad<strong>is</strong> 4 molekul<strong>is</strong> transportireb<strong>is</strong> unari;<br />
\\\ O2-<strong>is</strong> dakavSireb<strong>is</strong> dadebiTi kooperatiuloba;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> cila miekuTvneba glikoproteinebs?<br />
\\\ elastini<br />
\\\ hemoglobini<br />
\\\ mioglobini<br />
\\ kolageni<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> hemoglobinTan Jangbad<strong>is</strong> dakavSireb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> damaxasiaTebelia:<br />
\\\ filtvebSi hemoglobini 50% ar<strong>is</strong> gajerebuli JangbadiT;<br />
\\ eriTrocitebSi 2,3-BPG-<strong>is</strong> koncentraci<strong>is</strong> momateba hemoglobin<strong>is</strong> Jangbad<strong>is</strong>admi<br />
swrafvas amcirebs<br />
\\\ hemoglobin<strong>is</strong> oqsigenaci<strong>is</strong> dros rkin<strong>is</strong> daJangulob<strong>is</strong> xar<strong>is</strong>xi icvleba;
\\\ oqsihemoglobinSi rkin<strong>is</strong> daJangulob<strong>is</strong> xar<strong>is</strong>xi udr<strong>is</strong> 3-s;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> Tv<strong>is</strong>ebaa damaxasiaTebeli hemoglobin<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>?<br />
\\\ monomeruli aRnagoba;<br />
\\\ saxeobrivi araspecifikuroba;<br />
\\ Jangbad<strong>is</strong> mierTeb<strong>is</strong> kooperatiuloba;<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong> SemadgenlobaSi erTi Fe3+ arseboba;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra ar ar<strong>is</strong> damaxasiaTebeli mioglobin<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> ?<br />
\\\ 153 aminomJavas naST<strong>is</strong> Semcveli erTi polipeptiduri jaWvi;<br />
\\ Jangbad<strong>is</strong> mierTeb<strong>is</strong> kooperatiuloba;<br />
\\\ lokalizacia kunTebSi;<br />
\\\ Jangbad<strong>is</strong>admi maRali swrafva;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> <strong>debulebaa</strong> marTebuli cil<strong>is</strong> meoTxeuli struqtur<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>?<br />
\\ aseTi struqturuli done damaxasiaTebelia multimeruli cileb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>;<br />
\\\ bunebrivi cilebi umetesad kenti suberTeuleb<strong>is</strong>agan Sedgebian;<br />
\\\ meoTxeuli struqtura gaaCniaT erTi polipeptiduri jaWv<strong>is</strong> mqone cilebs;<br />
\\\ am struqtur<strong>is</strong> CamoyalibebaSi kovalenturi bmebi monawileoben;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> hemoglobin<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> damaxasiaTebelia:<br />
\\\ dimeruli agebuleba;<br />
\\ Jangbad<strong>is</strong> damakavSirebeli 4 saiti;<br />
\\\ saxeobrivi araspecifikuroba;<br />
\\\ molekulaSi 1 hem<strong>is</strong> arseboba;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra cvlilebebi xdeba hemoglobin<strong>is</strong> JangbadTan dakavSireb<strong>is</strong> dros?
\\\ icvleba hemoglobin<strong>is</strong> pirveladi struqtura;<br />
\\\ hemoglobin<strong>is</strong> R forma gadad<strong>is</strong> T formaSi;<br />
\\ suberTeulebs Sor<strong>is</strong> arsebuli maril<strong>is</strong> xidakebi wydeba;<br />
\\\ hemoglobinSi rkin<strong>is</strong> daJangulob<strong>is</strong> xar<strong>is</strong>xi icvleba;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra ar ar<strong>is</strong> damaxasiaTebeli mioglobin<strong>is</strong> struqtur<strong>is</strong>a da funqci<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>?<br />
\\\ igi Seicavs 1 polipeptidur jaWvs;<br />
\\\ mioglobin<strong>is</strong> molekulaSi 8 spiralizebuli segmentia;<br />
\\ mioglobini 2 molekula Jangbads ikavSirebs;<br />
\\\ oqsimioglobinSi rkina Fe2+ mdgomareobaSia;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> mioglobin<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> damaxasiaTebelia:<br />
\\\ igi Seicavs 4 hems;<br />
\\\ hem<strong>is</strong> rkin<strong>is</strong> ioni koordinaciuli bmiT ukavSirdeba Ser F8-s;<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong>i afinuroba Jangbad<strong>is</strong>admi naklebia, vidre hemoglobin<strong>is</strong>a;<br />
\\ igi kunTebSi Jangbad<strong>is</strong> rezerv<strong>is</strong> funqcias asrulebs;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra naerTia 2,3-b<strong>is</strong>fosfoglicerati?<br />
\\\ naerTi, <strong>romeli</strong>c yvela qsovilSia;<br />
\\ igi hemoglobin<strong>is</strong> Jangbad<strong>is</strong>admi swrafvas amcirebs;<br />
\\\ igi hemoglobin<strong>is</strong> Jangbad<strong>is</strong>admi swrafvas zrd<strong>is</strong>;<br />
\\\ igi ar monawileobs hemoglobinTan Jangbad<strong>is</strong> dakavSireb<strong>is</strong> regulirebaSi;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> ligandi amcirebs hemoglobin<strong>is</strong> Jangbad<strong>is</strong>admi swrafvas?<br />
\\\ CO2<br />
\\\ H+ -ionebi<br />
\\\ 2,3 _BPG
\\ yvela<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> ligandi uwyobs xels hemoglobin<strong>is</strong> T-dan R formaSi gadasvlas?<br />
\\\ CO2<br />
\\\ 2,3 _BPG<br />
\\ O2<br />
\\\ H+ ionebi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> bor<strong>is</strong> efeqtidan gamomdinare, <strong>romeli</strong>a <strong>swori</strong> debuleba?<br />
\\ deoqsiHb-<strong>is</strong> oqsiHb-ad gardaqmn<strong>is</strong>as gamoTav<strong>is</strong>ufldebian protonebi<br />
\\\ protoneb<strong>is</strong> d<strong>is</strong>ociacias adgili aqvs oqsiHb-<strong>is</strong> deoqsiHb-ad gardaqmn<strong>is</strong> dros<br />
\\\ Hb–<strong>is</strong> oqsigenacia-deoqsigenaciaze pH-s araviTari gavlena ara aqvs<br />
\\\ pH-<strong>is</strong> Semcireba Trgunavs deoqsigenaci<strong>is</strong> process<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> deoqsihemoglobinTan dakavSirebiT <strong>swori</strong>a:<br />
\\\ es ar<strong>is</strong> Hb-<strong>is</strong> R forma<br />
\\ <strong>is</strong> ar<strong>is</strong> ufro susti mJava, vidre oqsihemoglobini<br />
\\\ masSi me-6 koordinaciuli bma dakavebulia<br />
\\\ masSi rkina warmodgenilia Fe3+ saxiT<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> hemoglobinTan Jangbad<strong>is</strong> dakavSireb<strong>is</strong> kooperatiulob<strong>is</strong> meqanizm<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> ra ar<br />
ar<strong>is</strong> marTebuli?<br />
\\\ pirveli Jangbad<strong>is</strong> dakavSireba T konformaciaSi SedarebiT dabali s<strong>is</strong>wrafiT<br />
mimdinareobs<br />
\\\ H<strong>is</strong>F8-s porfirin<strong>is</strong> sibrty<strong>is</strong>ken gadaadgileba iwyeba O2-<strong>is</strong> hemTan dakavSireb<strong>is</strong><br />
Semdeg<br />
\\ O2-<strong>is</strong> hemTan dakavSireba iwvevs T konformaci<strong>is</strong> mastabilizebeli maril<strong>is</strong><br />
xidakeb<strong>is</strong> Camoyalibebas
\\\ hemoglobin<strong>is</strong> oqsigenireba-deoqsigenirebas Tan axlavs konformaciuli Zvrebi<br />
m<strong>is</strong> molekulSi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ipoveT ara<strong>swori</strong> debuleba:<br />
\\\ 2,3-BPG hemoglobin<strong>is</strong> T---R wonasworob<strong>is</strong> modulatoria<br />
\\\ 2,3-BPG–<strong>is</strong> koncentraci<strong>is</strong> momateba zrd<strong>is</strong> hemoglobin<strong>is</strong> P50-s<br />
\\ 2,3-BPG–<strong>is</strong> koncentraci<strong>is</strong> Semcireba amcirebs Hb-<strong>is</strong> Jangbad<strong>is</strong>admi afinurobas<br />
\\\ 2,3-BPG ukavSirdeba deoqsihemoglobins<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel debulebas ar eTanxmebiT hemoglobin<strong>is</strong> oqsigenaciasTan dakavSirebiT?<br />
\\\ rkin<strong>is</strong> daJangv<strong>is</strong> xar<strong>is</strong>xi HbO2-Si da Hb-Si erTnairia (Fe2+)<br />
\\\ rkin<strong>is</strong> ioni deoqsiHb-<strong>is</strong> hemSi protoporfirin<strong>is</strong> birTv<strong>is</strong> sibrtyidan 0,4-0,6A-iT<br />
gareT imyofeba<br />
\\\ hemoglobin<strong>is</strong> T forma warmoadgens deoqsiHb-s, xolo R forma_<br />
oqsihemoglobins<br />
\\ HbA-axasiaTebs ufro maRali afinuroba O2-<strong>is</strong> mimarT, vidre mioglobins<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> <strong>debulebaa</strong> <strong>swori</strong> kooperatiulobasTan dakavSirebiT ?<br />
\\ arsebobs dadebiTi da uaryofiTi kooperatiuloba<br />
\\\ damaxasiaTebelia Mb-<strong>is</strong> molekul<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ xasiaTdeba O2-<strong>is</strong> mimarT Hb-<strong>is</strong> afinurob<strong>is</strong> TandaTanobiTi SemcirebiT<br />
\\\ am Tv<strong>is</strong>eb<strong>is</strong> gamo Hb-<strong>is</strong> JangbadiT gajereb<strong>is</strong> mrudi hiperboluri xasiaT<strong>is</strong>aa<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra axasiaTebs Jangbad<strong>is</strong> Hb-Tan dakavSirebas?<br />
\\ dadebiTi kooperatiuloba<br />
\\\ O2-<strong>is</strong> dakavSirebas Hb-Tan aqvs hiperboluri xasiaTi<br />
\\\ O2-<strong>is</strong> dakavSireb<strong>is</strong>as Hb-<strong>is</strong> R forma gadad<strong>is</strong> T formaSi<br />
\\\ O2 ukavSirdeba mxolod im Hb-s, roml<strong>is</strong> hemSic Fe-<strong>is</strong> daJangv<strong>is</strong> xar<strong>is</strong>xi +3-ia
<strong>\\\\</strong> ras ganapirobebs qsovilebSi wyalbad<strong>is</strong> ioneb<strong>is</strong> gazrdili koncentracia?<br />
\\\ deoqsiHb-<strong>is</strong> afinurob<strong>is</strong> gazrdas O2-<strong>is</strong> mimarT<br />
\\\ qsovilebSi Hb-<strong>is</strong> T form<strong>is</strong> gardaqmnas R formaSi<br />
\\ oqsiHb-dan Jangbad<strong>is</strong> d<strong>is</strong>ociacias<br />
\\\ oqsihemoglobin<strong>is</strong> (da ara deoqsiHb-<strong>is</strong>) gardaqmnas Mb-ad<br />
\\\ 2,3-b<strong>is</strong>fosfoglicerat<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> <strong>swori</strong>a:<br />
\\\ aregulirebs mioglobin<strong>is</strong> afinurobas Jangbad<strong>is</strong>admi<br />
\\ ukavSirdeba deoqsihemoglobins<br />
\\\ warmoiqmneba glikoliz<strong>is</strong> intermediat<strong>is</strong>agan<br />
\\\ yvela pasuxi <strong>swori</strong>a<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> feturi hemoglobini Seicavs Semdeg jaWvebs:<br />
\\\ 2alfa 2beta<br />
\\\ 2alfa 2 efsilon<br />
\\ 2alfa 2 gama<br />
\\\ 2gama 2 Teta<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> Fe-<strong>is</strong> mexuTe koordinaciuli bm<strong>is</strong> warmoqmnaSi monawileobs:<br />
\\ h<strong>is</strong>tidin F8<br />
\\\ pirol<strong>is</strong> N-atomebi<br />
\\\ h<strong>is</strong>tidin E7<br />
\\\ Jangbad<strong>is</strong> atomi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong>a ara<strong>swori</strong> mtkiceba mioglobin<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>?<br />
\\\ mioglobini globuluri cilaa
\\\ igi Seicavs erT polipeptidur jaWvs da erT hem<strong>is</strong> jgufs<br />
\\ mioglobins axasiaTebs Jangbad<strong>is</strong> mimarT dabali afinuroba<br />
\\\ hem<strong>is</strong> jgufi moTavsebulia hidrofobur jibeSi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> hem<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> ara<strong>swori</strong>a:<br />
\\\ hemoglobin<strong>is</strong> aracilovani nawilia<br />
\\ gansazRvravs hemoglobin<strong>is</strong> specifikurobas<br />
\\\ masSi rkina orvalentiania<br />
\\\ deoqsihemoglobinSi rkin<strong>is</strong> me-6 koordinaciuli bma ar ar<strong>is</strong> dakavebuli<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong>a mcdari debuleba hem<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>?<br />
\\\ Seicavs protoporfirini IX-<strong>is</strong> birTvs<br />
\\\ ar<strong>is</strong> O2-<strong>is</strong> damakavSirebeli saiti<br />
\\ warmoadgens apoproteins<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong> centrSi moTavsebulia Fe2+<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> hemoglobinTan Jangbad<strong>is</strong> dakavSireb<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> romel debulebas eTanxmebiT?<br />
\\ xdeba dadebiTi kooperatiulob<strong>is</strong> principiT<br />
\\\ deoqsihemoglobins uwodeben R formas<br />
\\\ hemoglobin<strong>is</strong> molekulas ukavSirdeba 1 O2<br />
\\\ JangbadiT gajereb<strong>is</strong> mruds hemoglobin<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> aqvs hiperbolas forma<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ratom d<strong>is</strong>ocirdebian protonebi hemoglobinidan?<br />
\\ radgan Hb–<strong>is</strong> mJavuri jgufeb<strong>is</strong> pKa mcirdeba<br />
\\\ radgan Hb–<strong>is</strong> mJavuri jgufeb<strong>is</strong> pKa izrdeba<br />
\\\ radgan O2-<strong>is</strong> parcialuri wneva qveiTdeba<br />
\\\ radgan CO-s koncentracia matulobs
<strong>\\\\</strong> CO2-<strong>is</strong> transportTan dakavSirebiT marTebulia:<br />
\\\ CO2-<strong>is</strong> gamoTav<strong>is</strong>ufleba xdeba filtvebiT da TirkmlebiT<br />
\\ karboanhidraza uzrunvelyofs H2CO3 ---- CO2 + H2O<br />
\\\ karbaminoHb-<strong>is</strong> meSveobiT qsovilebidan filtvebSi transportirdeba CO2-<strong>is</strong><br />
70%<br />
\\\ CO2-<strong>is</strong> 15% transportirdeba izohidruli transportiT<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> CamoTvlili cilebidan romels gaaCnia meoTxeuli struqtura?<br />
\\\ pepsins<br />
\\ hemoglobins<br />
\\\ insulins<br />
\\\ mioglobins<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> Jangbad<strong>is</strong> ramden molekulas ierTebs hemoglobini?<br />
\\\ 1<br />
\\\ 2<br />
\\ 4<br />
\\\ 6<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> Jangbad<strong>is</strong> ramden molekulas ierTebs mioglobini?<br />
\\ 1<br />
\\\ 2<br />
\\\ 4<br />
\\\ 6<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ratom izrdeba O2-<strong>is</strong> miwodeba qsovilebSi 2,3-b<strong>is</strong>fosfoglicerat<strong>is</strong><br />
koncentraci<strong>is</strong> momateb<strong>is</strong> dros?
\\ radgan es ligandi amcirebs Hb-<strong>is</strong> afinurobas Jangbad<strong>is</strong>admi<br />
\\\ radgan es ligandi zrd<strong>is</strong> Hb-<strong>is</strong> afinurobas Jangbad<strong>is</strong>admi<br />
\\\ radgan qsovilebSi O2-<strong>is</strong> koncentracia aRemateba s<strong>is</strong>xlSi Jangbad<strong>is</strong> parcialur<br />
wnevas<br />
\\\ radgan eriTrocitebSi glikolizi iTrguneba<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra saxiT xdeba naxSirbad<strong>is</strong> dioqsid<strong>is</strong> izohidruli transporti qsovilebidan<br />
filtveb<strong>is</strong>aken?<br />
\\ plazm<strong>is</strong> HCO3_ iT<br />
\\\ karbaminohemoglobin<strong>is</strong> saxiT<br />
\\\ oqsihemoglobin<strong>is</strong> saxiT<br />
\\\ plazmaSi karboqsihemoglobin<strong>is</strong> saxiT<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong>a <strong>swori</strong> debuleba hemoglobin<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>?<br />
\\ arastabiluri Hb-ebi warmoiqmnebian alfa–spiralur ubanSi <strong>romeli</strong>me<br />
aminomJavas proliniT CanacvlebiT, rac iwvevs alfa –spiral<strong>is</strong> segment<strong>is</strong><br />
struqtur<strong>is</strong> moSlas<br />
\\\ karboqsi Hb Seicavs samvalentiani rkin<strong>is</strong> ions<br />
\\\ arastabiluri Hb-eb<strong>is</strong> denaturacia Zalian gaZnelebulia, amitom<br />
eriTrociteb<strong>is</strong> sicocxl<strong>is</strong> xangrZlivoba 120 dReze meti xdeba<br />
\\\ namgl<strong>is</strong>eburujredovani anemi<strong>is</strong> dros xdeba Hb-<strong>is</strong> struqturuli cvlileba, rac<br />
ar a<strong>is</strong>axeba Hb-<strong>is</strong> funqcionirebaze<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> Tv<strong>is</strong>eba ar ar<strong>is</strong> damaxasiaTebeli hemoglobin<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>?<br />
\\\ Jangbad<strong>is</strong> mierTeb<strong>is</strong> kooperatiuloba<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong> SemadgenlobaSi Fe2+ arseboba<br />
\\\ tetrameruli aRnagoba<br />
\\ tipobrivi araspecifikuroba
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra naerTia 2,3 b<strong>is</strong>fosfoglicerati?<br />
\\\ naerTi, <strong>romeli</strong>c yvela qsovilSia<br />
\\ naerTi, <strong>romeli</strong>c hemoglobin<strong>is</strong> Jangbad<strong>is</strong>admi swrafvas amcirebs<br />
\\\ naerTi, <strong>romeli</strong>c hemoglobin<strong>is</strong> Jangbad<strong>is</strong>admi swrafvas zrd<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ naerTi, <strong>romeli</strong>c ar monawileobs hemoglobin<strong>is</strong> JangbadTan dakavSireb<strong>is</strong><br />
regulaciaSi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> deoqsihemoglobinTan dakavSirebiT ar ar<strong>is</strong> <strong>swori</strong>:<br />
\\ es ar<strong>is</strong> hemoglobin<strong>is</strong> R forma<br />
\\\ masSi me-6 koordinaciuli bma Tav<strong>is</strong>ufalia<br />
\\\ masSi rkina warmodgenilia Fe2+ saxiT<br />
\\\ <strong>is</strong> ar<strong>is</strong> ufro susti mJava, vidre oqsihemoglobini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> mioglobin<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> damaxasiaTebelia:<br />
\\\ Jangbad<strong>is</strong> damakavSirebeli 2 saiti<br />
\\\ molekulaSi 4 hem<strong>is</strong> arseboba<br />
\\\ tetrameruli agebuleba<br />
\\ monomeruli agebuleba<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ramdeni pirol<strong>is</strong> birTvia hemSi?<br />
\\\ 1<br />
\\\ 2<br />
\\\ 3<br />
\\ 4
ioenergetika<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ramdeni NADH regenerirdeba krebs<strong>is</strong> ciklSi?<br />
\\\ 1<br />
\\\ 2<br />
\\ 3<br />
\\\ 4<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ramdeni FADH2 regenerirdeba krebs<strong>is</strong> ciklSi?<br />
\\ 1<br />
\\\ 2<br />
\\\ 3<br />
\\\ 4<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ras udr<strong>is</strong> piruvat<strong>is</strong> sruli daJangv<strong>is</strong> energetikuli efeqti?<br />
\\\ 10 ATP<br />
\\\ 30 ATP<br />
\\ 12,5 ATP<br />
\\\ 20 ATP<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> NAD-<strong>is</strong> funqciurad aqtiuri jgufia:<br />
\\\ izoaloqsazin<strong>is</strong> birTvi
\\ nikotinamidi<br />
\\\ adenini<br />
\\\ ribitoli<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra axasiaTebs ubiqinons?<br />
\\\ koenzimi Q mitoqondri<strong>is</strong> matriqsSia lokalizebuli;<br />
\\ igi qinon<strong>is</strong> nawarmia;<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong>i daJanguli formaa hidroubiqinoni;<br />
\\\ ubiqinoni eleqtronebs gadascems NAD+ -s;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> nivTierebaTa cvl<strong>is</strong> regulacia xorcieldeba:<br />
\\\ metaboliteb<strong>is</strong> ujredSida koncentraci<strong>is</strong> cvlilebebiT;<br />
\\\ meoradi mesenjereb<strong>is</strong> gamoyenebiT peptiduri hormoneb<strong>is</strong> mier;<br />
\\\ geneb<strong>is</strong> represia-induqciiT;<br />
\\ yvela zemoTaRniSnuli gziT;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> FAD-<strong>is</strong> funqciurad aqtiuri jgufia:<br />
\\ izoaloqsazin<strong>is</strong> birTvi<br />
\\\ ribitol<strong>is</strong> naSTi<br />
\\\ adenozin<strong>is</strong> naSTi<br />
\\\ nikotinamidi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ramdeni mol. ATP sinTezirdeba sunTqviT jaWvSi, Tu substrat<strong>is</strong> daJangvas NADdamokidebuli<br />
dehidrogenaza axorcielebs?<br />
\\\ 1,5<br />
\\\ 2<br />
\\ 2,5
\\\ 3<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> krebs<strong>is</strong> cikli ujredSi lokalizebulia:<br />
\\\ citozolSi;<br />
\\\ mitoqondri<strong>is</strong> gareTa membranaze;<br />
\\ mitoqondri<strong>is</strong> matriqsSi;<br />
\\\ birTvSi;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> krebs<strong>is</strong> cikl<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> damaxasiaTebelia:<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong>i energetikuli efeqti udr<strong>is</strong> 8ATP-s;<br />
\\ igi aerobul pirobebSi mimdinareobs;<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong>i saboloo produqtebia amiaki da wyali;<br />
\\\ krebs<strong>is</strong> ciklSi 3 mol. CO2 gamoiyofa;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> rogori fermentia izocitratdehidrogenaza?<br />
\\\ glikoliz<strong>is</strong> maregulirebeli fermentia;<br />
\\\ FAD damokidebuli fermentia;<br />
\\\ miekuTvneba transferazebs;<br />
\\ madekarboqsilirebeli dehidrogenazaa;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ramden makroergul bmas Seicavs ATP?<br />
\\\ 1<br />
\\ 2<br />
\\\ 3<br />
\\\ 4<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ramden makroergul bmas Seicavs ADP?
\\ 1<br />
\\\ 2<br />
\\\ 3<br />
\\\ 4<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ramden makroergul bmas Seicavs AMP?<br />
\\ 0<br />
\\\ 1<br />
\\\ 2<br />
\\\ 3<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerTia makroerguli?<br />
\\\ AMP<br />
\\ 1,3-b<strong>is</strong>fosfoglicerati<br />
\\\ malati<br />
\\\ glukoza-1-fosfati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerTi miekuTvneba makroerguls?<br />
\\\ AMP<br />
\\ ADP<br />
\\\ GMP<br />
\\\ glukoza-1-fosfati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ras udr<strong>is</strong> ATP-<strong>is</strong> hidrolizuri daSl<strong>is</strong> ∆G?<br />
\\\ - 5 kkal/mol<br />
\\ - 7,3 kkal/mol<br />
\\\ - 14,6 kkal/mol
\\\ - 20 kkal/mol.<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> rogori makroerguli bmaa acetil-CoA-Si?<br />
\\ TioeTeruli<br />
\\\ fosfoanhidriduli<br />
\\\ fosfoenoluri<br />
\\\ fosfoamiduri<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> acetil-CoA-s wyaros organizmSi ar warmoadgens:<br />
\\ glukoneogenezi<br />
\\\ piruvat<strong>is</strong> JangviTi dekarboqsilireba<br />
\\\ cximovanmJaveb<strong>is</strong> beta-daJangva<br />
\\\ zogierTi aminomJavas katabolizmi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> citratsinTazuri reaqci<strong>is</strong> produqtia:<br />
\\ citrati da CoA<br />
\\\ izocitrati<br />
\\\ alfa-ketoglutarati<br />
\\\ malati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ferment akonitazas substratia:<br />
\\\ alfa-ketoglutarati<br />
\\ citrati<br />
\\\ malati<br />
\\\ fumarati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> izocitratdehidrogenazuli reaqci<strong>is</strong> Sedegad miiReba:
\\\ malati<br />
\\\ citrati<br />
\\ alfa-ketoglutarati<br />
\\\ suqcinil-CoA<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> izocitratdehidrogenazas kofermentia:<br />
\\\ FAD<br />
\\\ TPP<br />
\\\ CoA<br />
\\ NAD+<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> fermenti ar monawileobs alfa-ketoglutaratdehidrogenazul<br />
kompleqsSi?<br />
\\\ alfa-ketoglutaratdehidrogenaza<br />
\\\ dihidrolipoiltransacetilaza<br />
\\ suqcinatdehidrogenaza<br />
\\\ dihidrolipoildehidrogenaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> alfa-ketoglutaratdehidrogenazuli reaqcia ar saWiroebs:<br />
\\\ FAD-s<br />
\\\ CoA-s<br />
\\\ NAD-s<br />
\\ ATP-s<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ramdeni ATP sinTezdeba krebs<strong>is</strong> ciklSi JangviTi fosforilireb<strong>is</strong> Sedegad?<br />
\\\ 6<br />
\\\ 8
\\ 9<br />
\\\ 11<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ras udr<strong>is</strong> krebs<strong>is</strong> cikl<strong>is</strong> energetikuli efeqti?<br />
\\\ 6 ATP<br />
\\ 10 ATP<br />
\\\ 12 ATP<br />
\\\ 36 ATP<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ramdeni molekula ATP sinTezdeba krebs<strong>is</strong> ciklSi substratuli<br />
fosforilireb<strong>is</strong> Sedegad?<br />
\\ 1<br />
\\\ 6<br />
\\\ 9<br />
\\\ 12<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> alfa-ketoglutaratdehidrogenazuli reaqci<strong>is</strong> energetikuli efeqtia:<br />
\\\ 2 mol. ATP<br />
\\ 2,5 mol. ATP<br />
\\\ 6 mol. ATP<br />
\\\ 12 mol. ATP<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ramdeni molekula ATP sinTezdeba qsovilovani sunTqv<strong>is</strong> jaWvSi<br />
izocitratdehidrogenazuli reaqci<strong>is</strong> Sedegad?<br />
\\\ 1<br />
\\ 2,5<br />
\\\ 3<br />
\\\ 6
<strong>\\\\</strong> ramdeni molekula ATP sinTezdeba sunTqviT jaWvSi suqcinatdehidrogenazuli<br />
reaqci<strong>is</strong> Sedegad?<br />
\\ 1,5<br />
\\\ 2<br />
\\\ 3<br />
\\\ 6<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ramdeni mol. ATP sinTezdeba sunTqviT jaWvSi malatdehidrogenazuli reaqci<strong>is</strong><br />
Sedegad?<br />
\\\ 1<br />
\\ 2,5<br />
\\\ 3<br />
\\\ 5<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> dehidrogenazaa madekarboqsilirebeli?<br />
\\ izocitratdehidrogenaza<br />
\\\ malatdehidrogenaza<br />
\\\ laqtatdehidrogenaza<br />
\\\ suqcinatdehidrogenaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerT<strong>is</strong> xarjze xdeba krebs<strong>is</strong> ciklSi substratuli fosforilireba?<br />
\\\ izocitrati<br />
\\\ citrati<br />
\\\ malati<br />
\\ suqcinil-CoA<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> makroerguli naerTi warmoiqmneba krebs<strong>is</strong> ciklSi substratuli<br />
fosforilirebiT?
\\\ 1,3 b<strong>is</strong>fosfoglicerati<br />
\\\ CTP<br />
\\ GTP<br />
\\\ kreatinfosfati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> alfa-ketoglutarat<strong>is</strong> JangviTi dekarboqsilireb<strong>is</strong> Sedegad miiReba:<br />
\\ suqcinil-CoA<br />
\\\ acil-CoA<br />
\\\ acetil-CoA<br />
\\\ aspartati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> suqcinatdehidrogenazuli reaqci<strong>is</strong> Sedegad miiReba:<br />
\\\ laqtati<br />
\\\ malati<br />
\\\ oqsaloacetati<br />
\\ fumarati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> fumarazuli reaqci<strong>is</strong> produqtia:<br />
\\\ laqtati<br />
\\ malati<br />
\\\ citrati<br />
\\\ malonati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> malatdehidrogenazuli reaqci<strong>is</strong> produqtia:<br />
\\\ laqtati<br />
\\\ alfa-ketoglutarati<br />
\\\ fumarati
\\ oqsaloacetati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> krebs<strong>is</strong> cikl<strong>is</strong> regulaciaSi ar monawileobs:<br />
\\\ citratsinTaza<br />
\\\ izocitratdehidrogenaza<br />
\\\ alfa-ketoglutaratdehidrogenaza<br />
\\ akonitaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> krebs<strong>is</strong> cikl<strong>is</strong> maregulirebel fermentebs ar miekuTvneba:<br />
\\\ citratsinTaza<br />
\\ malatdehidrogenaza<br />
\\\ alfa-ketoglutaratdehidrogenaza<br />
\\\ izocitratdehidrogenaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> krebs<strong>is</strong> cikl<strong>is</strong> maregulirebeli faqtoria:<br />
\\\ FADH2/FAD<br />
\\\ GTP/GDP<br />
\\ NADH/NAD<br />
\\\ ATP/GTP<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> anaplerozuli reaqci<strong>is</strong> magaliTia:<br />
\\ piruvatkarboqsilazuri;<br />
\\\ izocitratdehidrogenazuli;<br />
\\\ suqcinatdehidrogenazuli;<br />
\\\ citratsinTazuri;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerTia krebs<strong>is</strong> limonmJavas cikl<strong>is</strong> substrati ?
\\\ NADH<br />
\\\ NADPH<br />
\\ CH3CO~SCoA<br />
\\\ CH3COCOO-<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> suqcinil-CoA + GDP + H3PO4 → suqcinati + GTP + HSCoA<br />
reaqcias axorcielebs fermenti:<br />
\\\ fumaraza<br />
\\ suqcinatTiokinaza<br />
\\\ suqcinatdehidrogenaza<br />
\\\ alfa-ketoglutaratdehidrogenaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> limonmJavas ciklSi substratul fosforilirebas akatalizebs:<br />
\\\ izocitratdehidrogenaza<br />
\\\ suqcinatdehidrogenaza<br />
\\ suqcinatTiokinaza<br />
\\\ piruvatdehidrogenaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> oqsaloacetati + acetil-CoA + H2O ---- citrati + HSCoA reaqcias axorcielebs<br />
fermenti:<br />
\\\ izocitratdehidrogenaza<br />
\\\ fumaraza<br />
\\ citratsinTaza<br />
\\\ suqcinatTiokinaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> limonmJava cikl<strong>is</strong> regulatoruli fermenti ar ar<strong>is</strong>:<br />
\\\ citratsinTaza
\\\ alfa-ketoglutaratdehidrogenaza<br />
\\ fumaraza<br />
\\\ izocitratdehidrogenaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> anaplerozul reaqcias axorcielebs:<br />
\\\ piruvatdehidrogenaza<br />
\\ piruvatkarboqsilaza<br />
\\\ alfa-ketoglutaratdehidrogenaza<br />
\\\ malatdehidrogenaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerT<strong>is</strong> siWarbe gamoiwvevs izocitrat<strong>is</strong> daJangv<strong>is</strong> inhibirebas?<br />
\\\ ADP<br />
\\\ NAD +<br />
\\ NADH<br />
\\\ FAD<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> regulatoruli ferment<strong>is</strong> izocitratdehidrogenazas gaaqtiurebas iwvevs:<br />
\\\ ATP<br />
\\\ NADH<br />
\\\ CoA<br />
\\ ADP<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> alfa-ketoglutaratdehidrogenazuli kompleqs<strong>is</strong> kofermentia:<br />
\\\ FAD<br />
\\\ lipo<strong>is</strong>mJava<br />
\\\ Tiaminpirofosfati<br />
\\ yvela
<strong>\\\\</strong> izocitrati + NAD+ ---- alfa-ketoglutarati + CO2 + NADH + H+<br />
reaqcias axorcielebs fermenti:<br />
\\\ suqcinatdehidrogenaza<br />
\\\ piruvatdehidrogenaza<br />
\\ izocitratdehidrogenaza<br />
\\\ suqcinatTiokinaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> fumarati + H2O ---- malati<br />
reaqcias axorcielebs fermenti:<br />
\\\ suqcinatdehidrogenaza<br />
\\\ alfa-ketoglutaratdehidrogenaza<br />
\\ fumaraza<br />
\\\ malatdehidrogenaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> vitamin<strong>is</strong> nakleboba moaxdens gavlenas limonmJavas ciklze?<br />
\\\ vitamini C<br />
\\ Tiamini<br />
\\\ biotini<br />
\\\ vitamini E<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> limonmJavas cikl<strong>is</strong> intermediat<strong>is</strong> damJangavi fermentia:<br />
\\\ laqtatdehidrogenaza<br />
\\ izocitratdehidrogenaza<br />
\\\ glukoza-6-fosfstdehidrogenaza<br />
\\\ alkoholdehidrogenaza
<strong>\\\\</strong> limonmJavas ciklSi substrateb<strong>is</strong> daJangvas ar axorcielebs:<br />
\\\ suqcinatdehidrogenaza<br />
\\ citratsinTaza<br />
\\\ izocitratdehidrogenaza<br />
\\\ malatdehidrogenaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> limonmJavas ciklSi substrateb<strong>is</strong> daJangvas ar axorcielebs:<br />
\\\ suqcinatdehidrogenaza<br />
\\ fumaraza<br />
\\\ izocitratdehidrogenaza<br />
\\\ malatdehidrogenaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> limonmJavas ciklSi substratuli fosforilireb<strong>is</strong>as miiReba:<br />
\\\ UTP<br />
\\\ CTP<br />
\\\ NADH<br />
\\ GTP<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerTi gamoiwvevs alfa-ketoglutarat<strong>is</strong> daJangv<strong>is</strong> inhibirebas?<br />
\\\ ADP<br />
\\\ FAD<br />
\\ suqcinil-CoA<br />
\\\ TPP<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> krebs<strong>is</strong> ciklSi suqcinil-CoA-sinTetazas substratia:<br />
\\\ alfa-ketoglutarati<br />
\\\ fumarati
\\\ suqcinati<br />
\\ suqcinil-CoA<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> CamoTvlilTagan <strong>romeli</strong> naerTi ar miekuTvneba krebs<strong>is</strong> cikl<strong>is</strong> intermediats?<br />
\\\ izocitrati<br />
\\ gliceraldehid-3-fosfati<br />
\\\ alfa-ketoglutarati<br />
\\\ malati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> reaqciebs, romlebic amarageben TCA cikls oTx- da xuTnaxSirbadiani<br />
intermediatebiT, ewodeba:<br />
\\\ malimitirebeli<br />
\\ anaplerozuli<br />
\\\ gamaaqtivebeli<br />
\\\ transferuli<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> makroergulob<strong>is</strong> daxasiaTeb<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> <strong>swori</strong> <strong>debulebaa</strong>:<br />
\\\ fosfoesTerul<strong>is</strong>agan ganxvavebiT, fosfoanhidriduli bma ar ar<strong>is</strong> makroerguli<br />
\\\ makroerguloba gul<strong>is</strong>xmobs qimiuri bm<strong>is</strong> stabilurobas<br />
\\\ makroergulob<strong>is</strong> Sefaseba xdeba m<strong>is</strong> hidrolizze daxarjuli energiiT<br />
\\ makroerguli bm<strong>is</strong> hidroliziT miiReba sawy<strong>is</strong> naerTze ufro stabiluri<br />
produqti<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> piruvatdehidrogenazuli kompleqsi mkacrad reguliredeba. <strong>romeli</strong> debuleba<br />
ar Seesatyv<strong>is</strong>eba am regulaci<strong>is</strong> principebs?<br />
\\\ acetil-CoA da NADH konkurentulad ainhibireben kompleqss retroinhibirebiT<br />
\\ fosforilirebuli kompleqsi aqtiuria, xolo defosforilirebuli _<br />
araaqtiuri
\\\ ConCx<strong>is</strong> kunTeb<strong>is</strong> SekumSv<strong>is</strong>as gamoTav<strong>is</strong>uflebuli Ca2+ proteinfosfatazas<br />
gaaqtivebiT astimulirebs piruvat<strong>is</strong> daJangvas<br />
\\\ insulini aaqtivebs piruvatdehidrogenazas<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> gardaqmnaa SeuZlebeli?<br />
\\\ laqtati --- piruvati<br />
\\\ piruvati --- oqsaloacetati<br />
\\ acetil-CoA --- piruvati<br />
\\\ alanini --- piruvati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ramdeni NADH generirdeba piruvat<strong>is</strong> JangviTi dekarboqsilirebiT?<br />
\\\ 3<br />
\\\ 4<br />
\\ 1<br />
\\\ 5<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> vitamini ar monawileobs alfa-ketoglutarat<strong>is</strong> JangviT<br />
dekarboqsilirebaSi?<br />
\\\ Tiamini (B1)<br />
\\\ pantotenati (B3)<br />
\\\ riboflavini (B2)<br />
\\ piridoqsali (B6)<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerTi ar ainhibirebs alfa-ketoglutaratdehidrogenazas?<br />
\\\ ATP<br />
\\\ NADH<br />
\\\ suqcinil COA<br />
\\ ADP
<strong>\\\\</strong> ramden karboqsil<strong>is</strong> jgufs Seicavs citrati?<br />
\\\ 1<br />
\\\ 2<br />
\\\ 4<br />
\\ 3<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerTia saWiro krebs<strong>is</strong> cikl<strong>is</strong> pirvel reaqciaSi acetil-CoA-dan<br />
citrat<strong>is</strong> m<strong>is</strong>aRebad?<br />
\\\ izocitrati<br />
\\\ malati<br />
\\ oqsaloacetati<br />
\\\ suqcinati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> kofermenti ar monawileobs piruvatdehidrogenazul reaqciaSi?<br />
\\\ TPP<br />
\\\ FAD<br />
\\ piridoqsalfosfati<br />
\\\ lipo<strong>is</strong> mJava<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> dehidrogenaza ar ar<strong>is</strong> madekarboqsilirebeli?<br />
\\ malatdehidrogenaza<br />
\\\ izocitratdehidrogenaza<br />
\\\ alfa-ketoglutaratdehidrogenaza<br />
\\\ piruvatdehidrogenaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> aminomJava --- piruvati --- acetilCoA. CamoTvlilTagan <strong>romeli</strong><br />
aminomJavebi SeiZleba vigul<strong>is</strong>xmoT mocemul sqemaSi?<br />
\\ alanini da glutamini
\\\ fenilalanini da c<strong>is</strong>teini<br />
\\\ serini da alanini<br />
\\\ prolini da lizini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> TCA ciklSi JangviTi reaqcieb<strong>is</strong> dros miiReba:<br />
\\\ NNADPH + H+ + GDP<br />
\\\ NAD+ da NADH + H+<br />
\\ NADH + H+ da FADH2<br />
\\\ FAD + GTP<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> eleqtron matransportirebeli s<strong>is</strong>tema uzrunvelyofs eleqtroneb<strong>is</strong><br />
gadatanas O2-ze. am proces<strong>is</strong> paralelurad<br />
\\\ ATP hidrolizdeba<br />
\\\ ADP fosforilirdeba<br />
\\\ GDP fosforilirdeba<br />
\\\ xdeba substratuli fosforilireba<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> fermenti (an multifermentuli kompleqsi) akavSirebs<br />
glikolizs TCA ciklTan?<br />
\\\ laqtatdehidrogenaza<br />
\\\ alfa-ketoglutaratdehidrogenaza<br />
\\\ suqcinatTiokinaza<br />
\\ piruvatdehidrogenaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> krebs<strong>is</strong> cikl<strong>is</strong> JangviTi reaqcieb<strong>is</strong> Sedegad substratebidan<br />
Camocilebuli eleqtronebi sabolood:<br />
\\ gadaitaneba O2-ze H2O-s warmoqmniT<br />
\\\ gadaitaneba NADP-ze NADPH+H-<strong>is</strong> warmoqmniT<br />
\\\ aRadgens FAD-s FADH2-<strong>is</strong> miRebiT<br />
\\\ aRadgens NAD+-s NADH + H+ -<strong>is</strong> warmoqmniT<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> CamoTvlilTagan <strong>romeli</strong> fermenti ar warmoadgens<br />
piruvatdehidrogenazuli kompleqs<strong>is</strong> suberTeuls?<br />
\\\ piruvatdehidrogenaza<br />
\\ piruvatkarboqsilaza<br />
\\\ dihidrolipoildehidrogenaza<br />
\\\ dihidrolipoiltransacetilaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> eleqtronmatransportirebeli s<strong>is</strong>tem<strong>is</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> kompleqsi<br />
uzrunvelyofs eleqtroneb<strong>is</strong> transports NADH + H+ -dan?<br />
\\ I
\\\ II<br />
\\\ III<br />
\\\ IV<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> eleqtronmatransportirebeli s<strong>is</strong>tem<strong>is</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> kompleqsi<br />
uzrunvelyofs eleqtroneb<strong>is</strong> transports FADH2 –dan, <strong>romeli</strong>c TCA<br />
ciklSi warmoiqmna?<br />
\\\ I<br />
\\ II<br />
\\\ III<br />
\\\ IV<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glikoliz<strong>is</strong>a da krebs<strong>is</strong> cikl<strong>is</strong> damakavSirebel reaqciaSi:<br />
\\\ glukoza gardaiqmneba piruvatad<br />
\\ piruvati iSleba acetilCoA-d da CO2-ad<br />
\\\ piruvati gardaiqmneba acetilCoA-d da H2O-d<br />
\\\ piruvati gardaiqmneba glukozad<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> proces<strong>is</strong> Sedegad miiReba rogorc NADH <strong>is</strong>e FADH2?<br />
\\\ mitoqondri<strong>is</strong> Sida membranaSi eleqtroneb<strong>is</strong> transportireb<strong>is</strong> dros<br />
\\ trikarboqsilur mJavaTa ciklSi<br />
\\\ anaerobul glikolizSi<br />
\\\ pentoza-fosfatur gzaSi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel gzaSi xdeba O2-dan H2O-s miReba?<br />
\\ eleqtronmatransportirebel s<strong>is</strong>temaSi eleqtroneb<strong>is</strong> gadatan<strong>is</strong> dros<br />
\\\ glikoliz<strong>is</strong> dros<br />
\\\ krebs<strong>is</strong> cikl<strong>is</strong> Sedegad<br />
\\\ piruvat<strong>is</strong> JangviTi dekarboqsilireb<strong>is</strong>as<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> krebs<strong>is</strong> cikl<strong>is</strong> erT brunze miiReba:<br />
\\\ 1 FADH2, 2 NADH , 1 GTP<br />
\\\ 3 NADH, 1 FADH2 , 1 ADP<br />
\\ 1 FADH2, 3 NADH , 1 GTP<br />
\\\ 2,5 NADH, 1,5 FADH2 , 1 GTP<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra naerTeb<strong>is</strong>gan miiReba acetil-CoA?<br />
\\ piruvat<strong>is</strong>a da CoA-dan<br />
\\\ citrat<strong>is</strong>a da CoA-dan<br />
\\\ piruvat<strong>is</strong>a da CO2-<strong>is</strong>agan<br />
\\\ citrat<strong>is</strong>a da CO2-<strong>is</strong>agan
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> reaqciiT warmoiqmneba CO2?<br />
\\ izocitratdehidrogenazuli<br />
\\\ citratsinTazuri<br />
\\\ malatdehidrogenazuli<br />
\\\ fumarazuli<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> dasaxelebuli molekula SeiZleba iyos ATP-<strong>is</strong> ufro meti<br />
raodenob<strong>is</strong> potenciuri momwodebeli?<br />
\\\ NADH<br />
\\\ FADH2<br />
\\ piruvati<br />
\\\ GTP<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> CamoTvlilTagan <strong>romeli</strong>a krebs<strong>is</strong> cikl<strong>is</strong> produqti?<br />
\\ 2 CO2@<br />
\\\ 1 acetil-CoA<br />
\\\ 1 piruvati<br />
\\\ 2 oqsaloacetati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerTebi asruleben eleqtroneb<strong>is</strong> gadamtan<strong>is</strong> rols krebs<strong>is</strong><br />
ciklidan sunTqviT jaWvSi?<br />
\\ FADH2 da NADH<br />
\\\ NAD+ da FADH<br />
\\\ CoA da TPP<br />
\\\ lipoati da NADP+<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra SeiZleba mohyves krebs<strong>is</strong> cikl<strong>is</strong> Seferxebas?<br />
\\\ respiratoruli alkalozi<br />
\\ rZemJava acidozi<br />
\\\ ATP-<strong>is</strong> sinTez<strong>is</strong> gaZliereba<br />
\\\ mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi ar mohyveba<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> gardaqmna axdens koenzim NAD+-<strong>is</strong> aRdgenas?<br />
\\\ citrati --- izocitrati<br />
\\\ suqcinati --- fumarati<br />
\\\ piruvati --- laqtati<br />
\\ malati --- oqsaloacetati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> krebs<strong>is</strong> cikl<strong>is</strong> romel safexurze xdeba FAD-<strong>is</strong> aRdgena?<br />
\\\ suqcinil-CoA --- suqcinati
\\ suqcinati --- fumarati<br />
\\\ izocitrati --- alfa-ketoglutarati<br />
\\\ fumarati --- malati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> krebs<strong>is</strong> cikl<strong>is</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> intermediati SeiZleba iqnas gamoyenebuli<br />
cximovani mJaveb<strong>is</strong> sinTezSi?<br />
\\\ malati<br />
\\ citrati<br />
\\\ izocitrati<br />
\\\ alfa-ketoglutarati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> trikarboqsilur mJavaTa ciklidan <strong>romeli</strong> naerTi gaedineba<br />
aminomJaveb<strong>is</strong> da neirotransmitereb<strong>is</strong> warmosaqmnelad?<br />
\\ alfa-ketoglutarati<br />
\\\ suqcinil-CoA<br />
\\\ malati<br />
\\\ citrati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> Camovlilagan krebs<strong>is</strong> cikl<strong>is</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> Sualeduri naerTi SeiZleba<br />
daixarjos hem<strong>is</strong> biosinTez<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong>?<br />
\\\ alfa-ketoglutarati<br />
\\\ izocitrati<br />
\\\ suqcinati<br />
\\ suqcinil-CoA
naxSirwyleb<strong>is</strong> cvla<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra axasiaTebs heqsokinazas?<br />
\\ maRali afinuroba glukozas mimarT<br />
\\\ dabali afinuroba glukozas mimarT<br />
\\\ <strong>Km</strong>-<strong>is</strong> Zalian maRali mniSvneloba<br />
\\\ insuliniT inducireba<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra axasiaTebs glukokinazas?<br />
\\\ maRali afinuroba glukozas mimarT<br />
\\ dabali afinuroba glukozas mimarT<br />
\\\ <strong>Km</strong>-<strong>is</strong> Zalian dabali mniSvneloba<br />
\\\ reaqci<strong>is</strong> produqtiT inhibireba<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> fermenti amcirebs cAMP-<strong>is</strong> dones?<br />
\\\ adenilatciklaza<br />
\\ fosfodiesTeraza<br />
\\\ proteinkinaza<br />
\\\ fosfoproteinfosfataza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> hormoni aaqtivebs fosfodiesTerazas?<br />
\\\ adrenalini<br />
\\\ glukagoni<br />
\\ insulini<br />
\\\ zrd<strong>is</strong> hormoni<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> hormoni amcirebs cAMP-<strong>is</strong> koncentracias ujredSi?
\\\ adrenalini<br />
\\\ glukagoni<br />
\\ insulini<br />
\\\ zrd<strong>is</strong> hormoni<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel qsovilSia glukozas transporti damokidebuli insulinze?<br />
\\\ Tval<strong>is</strong> brolSi<br />
\\ cximovan qsovilSi<br />
\\\ baduras nawilSi<br />
\\\ RviZlSi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel qsovilSia damokidebuli glukozas transporti insulinze?<br />
\\\ Tval<strong>is</strong> brolSi<br />
\\\ RviZlSi<br />
\\ kunTovani qsovili<br />
\\\ eriTrocitebSi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> fermenti monawileobs piruvat<strong>is</strong> JangviT dekarboqsilirebaSi?<br />
\\\ aldolaza<br />
\\\ piruvatkarboqsilaza<br />
\\\ fumaraza<br />
\\ dihidroqsilipoatdehidrogenaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerTia piruvatdehidrogenazas inhibitori?<br />
\\\ FAD<br />
\\ acetil-CoA<br />
\\\ Ca2+
\\\ NAD<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> anaerobul pirobebSi gliceraldehiddehidrogenazul reaqciaSi warmoqmnili<br />
NADH + H+ gamoiyeneba:<br />
\\\ qsovilovani sunTqv<strong>is</strong> jaWvSi<br />
\\ piruvat<strong>is</strong> aRsadgenad<br />
\\\ pentozafosfatur gzaSi<br />
\\\ aRdgenili glutaTion<strong>is</strong> dasaJangad<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> aerobul pirobebSi gliceraldehiddehidrogenazul reaqciaSi warmoqmnili<br />
aRmdgeni eqvivalentebi:<br />
\\ CaerTvebian sunTqviT jaWvSi<br />
\\\ aRadgenen piruvats<br />
\\\ monawileoben cximovani mJaveb<strong>is</strong> oqsidaciaSi<br />
\\\ monawileoben pentozafosfatur ciklSi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> piruvat<strong>is</strong> JangviT dekarboqsilirebaSi ar monawilobs:<br />
\\\ NAD<br />
\\\ FAD<br />
\\\ lipoati<br />
\\ vitamini E<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> alfa-ketoglutarat<strong>is</strong> JangviT dekarboqsilirebaSi monawileobs:<br />
\\\ NAD<br />
\\\ FAD<br />
\\\ lipoati<br />
\\ yvela
<strong>\\\\</strong> aerobul pirobebSi glukozas Jangv<strong>is</strong> saboloo produqtia:<br />
\\\ laqtati<br />
\\\ piruvati<br />
\\\ acetil-CoA<br />
\\ CO2 da H2O<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel qsovilSi ar akatalizebs glukozas fosforilirebas heqsokinaza?<br />
\\ RviZlSi<br />
\\\ Tav<strong>is</strong> tvinSi<br />
\\\ kunTovan qsovilSi<br />
\\\ eriTrocitebSi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel qsovilSi akatalizebs glukozas fosforilirebas glukokinaza?<br />
\\ pankreasSi<br />
\\\ Tav<strong>is</strong> tvinSi<br />
\\\ eriTrocitebSi<br />
\\\ kunTovan qsovilSi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerTi uSl<strong>is</strong> xels piruvat<strong>is</strong> acetil-CoA-d gardaqmnas ?<br />
\\ acetil-CoA<br />
\\\ NAD<br />
\\\ FAD<br />
\\\ Co-A<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerTi uwyobs xels glukoneogenez<strong>is</strong> gaaqtivebas?<br />
\\\ NAD<br />
\\ acetil-CoA
\\\ FAD<br />
\\\ Co-A<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra gziT ewinaaRmdegeba glukagoni da adrenalini glukozas don<strong>is</strong> dawevas<br />
s<strong>is</strong>xlSi?<br />
\\ glukoneogenez<strong>is</strong> aqtivaciiT<br />
\\\ glukoneogenez<strong>is</strong> inhibirebiT<br />
\\\ lipogenez<strong>is</strong> gaZlierebiT<br />
\\\ RviZlSi glikogenez<strong>is</strong> gaZlierebiT<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> riTia ganpirobebuli glukagoniTa da epinefriniT gamowveuli hiperglikemia?<br />
\\\ lipogenez<strong>is</strong> gaaqtivebiT<br />
\\\ glikogenez<strong>is</strong> gaaqtivebiT<br />
\\\ glukoneogenez<strong>is</strong> inhibirebiT<br />
\\ glikogenoliz<strong>is</strong> gaaqtivebiT<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerT<strong>is</strong> meSveobiT xorcieldeba glikoliz<strong>is</strong>a da glukoneogenez<strong>is</strong><br />
hormonuli kontroli?<br />
\\\ fruqtoza 1,6-b<strong>is</strong>fosfatiT<br />
\\ fruqtoza 2,6-b<strong>is</strong>fosfatiT<br />
\\\ 1,3-b<strong>is</strong>fosfogliceratiT<br />
\\\ gliceraldehid3-fosfatiT<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> hormoni aaqtivebs glikogenfosforilazas?<br />
\\\ insulini<br />
\\\ antidiurezuli hormoni<br />
\\\ gastrini<br />
\\ glukagoni
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> fermenti monawileobs piruvat<strong>is</strong> JangviT dekarboqsilirebaSi?<br />
\\\ piruvatkarboqsilaza<br />
\\ piruvatdehidrogenaza<br />
\\\ alfa-ketoglutaratdehidrogenaza<br />
\\\ acetil-CoA-karboqsilaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra gziT ewinaaRmdegeba insulini glukozas don<strong>is</strong> awevas (anu hiperglikemias)<br />
s<strong>is</strong>xlSi?<br />
\\\ glukoneogenez<strong>is</strong> stimulirebiT<br />
\\ glukoneogenez<strong>is</strong> daTrgunviT<br />
\\\ lipogenez<strong>is</strong> daTrgunviT<br />
\\\ RviZlSi glikogen<strong>is</strong> daSl<strong>is</strong> stimulirebiT<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ferment enolazas substratia:<br />
\\\ citrati<br />
\\\ akonitati<br />
\\\ fosfoenolpiruvati<br />
\\ 2-fosfoglicerati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> debuleba aRwers marTebulad glikogen<strong>is</strong> daSl<strong>is</strong> process ?<br />
\\\ igi mimdinareobs mitoqondriebSi;<br />
\\\ glikoziduri bmeb<strong>is</strong> gawyvetas akatalizebs glikogensinTaza;<br />
\\\ glukoza-6-fosfataza aqtiuria kunTebSi;<br />
\\ cAMP damokidebuli proteinkinazas moqmedebiT aqtiurdeba glikogenfosforilaza<br />
da araaqtiur mdgomareobaSi gadad<strong>is</strong> glikogensinTaza;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerTi miiReba piruvat<strong>is</strong> JangviTi dekarboqsilireb<strong>is</strong> Sedegad?
\\\ rZemJava<br />
\\\ alanini<br />
\\ acetil-CoA<br />
\\\ Tiamini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> fermenti ar monawileobs glikogen<strong>is</strong> sinTezSi?<br />
\\\ glukokinaza<br />
\\\ glukoza-1-P-uridililtransferaza<br />
\\\ glikogensinTaza<br />
\\ fosfogliceratkinaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glicerofosfaturi maqosebri meqanizm<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> marTebulia:<br />
\\\ citoplazmuri glicerol-3-fosfatdehidrogenaza flavoproteinia;<br />
\\ glicerol-3-fosfats advilad SeuZlia SeaRwios mitoqondri<strong>is</strong> Sida membranaSi;<br />
\\\ mitoqondriuli glicerol-3-fosfatdehidrogenazas prosTetuli jgufia NAD+<br />
;<br />
\\\ glicerol-3-fosfatidan Camocilebuli wyalbad<strong>is</strong> atomebi sunTqviT jaWvSi<br />
uSualod citoqrom C-ze gadad<strong>is</strong>;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glikoliz<strong>is</strong> procesi ujredSi lokalizebulia:<br />
\\\ mitoqondriebSi;<br />
\\ citoplazmaSi<br />
\\\ golj<strong>is</strong> aparatSi<br />
\\\ birTvSi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> reaqciaSi NDP-glukoza + glikogeni → glikogeni (n+1) + NDP NDP-<strong>is</strong><br />
rols asrulebs:<br />
\\\ CDP
\\\ ADP<br />
\\ UDP<br />
\\\ GDP<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> gliceraldehid-3-fosfatdehidrogenazas kofermentia:<br />
\\ NAD+<br />
\\\ NADP+<br />
\\\ FAD<br />
\\\ TPP<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glukoneogenez<strong>is</strong> procesSi acetil-CoA-s gazrdili koncentracia<br />
RviZlSi gaaaqtiurebs:<br />
\\ mitoqondriul piruvatkarboqsilazas;<br />
\\\ mitoqondriul fosfoenolpiruvatkarboqsikinazas;<br />
\\\ citozolur fosfoenolpiruvatkarboqsikinazas;<br />
\\\ citozolur piruvatkinazas;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel reaqcias akatalizebs fosfogliceratkinaza?<br />
\\\ gliceraldehid-3-fosfati ---- 1,3-b<strong>is</strong>fosfoglicerati<br />
\\ 1,3-b<strong>is</strong>fosfoglicerati ---- 3-fosfoglicerati<br />
\\\ 3-fosfoglicerati ---- 2-fosfoglicerati<br />
\\\ 2-fosfoglicerati ---- fosfoenolpiruvati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ramdeni ATP warmoiqmneba glikoliz<strong>is</strong> procesSi (anaerobul pirobebSi) ?<br />
\\\ 3 ATP<br />
\\ 4 ATP<br />
\\\ 6 ATP
\\\ 8 ATP<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> fermenti ar monawileobs pentozafosfatur ciklSi?<br />
\\\ glukoza-6-fosfatdehidrogenaza<br />
\\\ transketolaza<br />
\\ fumaraza<br />
\\\ fosfoglukonatdehidrogenaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> ferment<strong>is</strong> sinTez<strong>is</strong> induqtoria insulini?<br />
\\\ piruvatkarboqsilaza<br />
\\\ fosfoenolpiruvatkarboqsikinaza<br />
\\\ fruqtoza-1,6-b<strong>is</strong>fofataza<br />
\\ glukokinaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel ferments aaqtivebs epinefrini?<br />
\\ adenilatciklazas<br />
\\\ fosfoglukomutazas<br />
\\\ citratsinTazas<br />
\\\ glukoza-6-fosfatdehidrogenazas<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ramdeni molekula ATP warmoiqmneba substratuli fosforilirebiT glukozas<br />
aerobuli daJangv<strong>is</strong> dros?<br />
\\ 6 ATP<br />
\\\ 16 ATP<br />
\\\ 36 ATP<br />
\\\ 38 ATP
<strong>\\\\</strong> Tiamin<strong>is</strong> (Vit B1) ukmar<strong>is</strong>ob<strong>is</strong>as <strong>romeli</strong> ferment<strong>is</strong> aqtivoba iqneba Semcirebuli?<br />
\\\ gliceraldehid-3-fosfatdehidrogenazas<br />
\\\ enolazas<br />
\\ piruvatdehidrogenazas<br />
\\\ malatdehidrogenazas<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> Tav<strong>is</strong> tvinsa da ConCx<strong>is</strong> kunTebSi glukozas aerobuli daJangv<strong>is</strong> energetikuli<br />
efeqti tolia:<br />
\\ 30<br />
\\\ 32<br />
\\\ 34<br />
\\\ 40<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glukoneogenez<strong>is</strong> dros 2 molekula piruvatidan 1 molekula glukozas<br />
warmosaqmnelad saWiroa:<br />
\\\ 2 ATP<br />
\\\ 4 ATP<br />
\\ 6 ATP<br />
\\\ 8 ATP<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glukoneogenez<strong>is</strong> substratebs ar miekuTvneba:<br />
\\\ piruvati;<br />
\\ acetil-CoA;<br />
\\\ gliceroli;<br />
\\\ alanini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> naxSirwyleb<strong>is</strong> momnelebeli <strong>fermentebi</strong>dan wvrili nawlav<strong>is</strong> wveni ar Seicavs:<br />
\\\ izomaltazas
\\\ laqtazas;<br />
\\\ saqarazas;<br />
\\ alfa-amilazas<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glikogen<strong>is</strong> sinTezSi ar monawileobs:<br />
\\\ ganmStoebeli fermenti<br />
\\\ glukoza-1-P-uridililtransferaza<br />
\\\ glikogensinTaza<br />
\\ piruvatkarboqsilaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> pentozuri cikli asrulebs mnSvnelovan rols, radgan:<br />
\\ NADPH-iT amaragebs ujredebs;<br />
\\\ warmoadgens ATP-s warmomqmnel gzas;<br />
\\\ monawileobs lipoproteineb<strong>is</strong> daSlaSi;<br />
\\\ am ciklSi miiReba NADH ;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> esenciuri fruqtozuria gamowveulia:<br />
\\\ glukoza-6-fosfatazas gaaqtivebiT;<br />
\\ RviZl<strong>is</strong> fruqtokinazas deficitiT;<br />
\\\ heqsokinazas deficitiT;<br />
\\\ RviZl<strong>is</strong> piruvatkinazas deficitiT<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel ferments gadaaqvs glikoziduri naSTebi alfa-1,4-dan alfa-1,6-<br />
mdgomareobaSi?<br />
\\\ glikogensinTazas<br />
\\\ glukokinazas<br />
\\ ganmStoebel ferments
\\\ suqcinatTiokinazas<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> alfa-1,6-glikoziduri bmeb<strong>is</strong> hidrolizur gawyvetas awarmoebs:<br />
\\\ akonitaza;<br />
\\ ganStoeb<strong>is</strong> momspobi fermenti(DB);<br />
\\\ aldolaza;<br />
\\\ fruqtoza -1,6 b<strong>is</strong>fosfataza;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel procesSi monawileobs fosfoglukomutaza?<br />
\\\ mxolod glikogen<strong>is</strong> sinTezSi;<br />
\\\ mxolod glikogen<strong>is</strong> daSlaSi;<br />
\\ glikogenezSic da glikogenolizSic;<br />
\\\ Sardovanas ciklSi;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glikogensinTazasaTv<strong>is</strong> marTebulia:<br />
\\\ igi glikogen<strong>is</strong> molekulaSi warmoqmn<strong>is</strong> alfa-1,6 glikozidur bmas;<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong>i sinTez<strong>is</strong> induqtoria glukagoni;<br />
\\ m<strong>is</strong>i sinTez<strong>is</strong> induqtoria insulini;<br />
\\\ igi aqtiurdeba fosforilirebiT;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> rogor regulirdeba glikogensinTazas aqtivoba?<br />
\\ fosforilirebiT igi araaqtiur formaSi gadad<strong>is</strong>;<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong> fosforilirebas akatalizebs fosfoproteinfosfataza;<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong> aqtiur formaSi gadasvlas proteinkinaza akatalizebs;<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong>i sinTez<strong>is</strong> induqtoria glukagoni;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glikoliz<strong>is</strong> proces<strong>is</strong> maregulirebeli fermentia:
\\ fosfofruqtokinaza;<br />
\\\ glikogensinTaza;<br />
\\\ glikogenfosforilaza;<br />
\\\ izocitratdehidrogenaza;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel procesSi iRebs monawileobas lipo<strong>is</strong>mJavas amidi?<br />
\\\ glukoneogenezSi;<br />
\\\ ureagenezSi;<br />
\\\ pentozur ciklSi;<br />
\\ piruvat<strong>is</strong>a da alfa-ketoglutarat<strong>is</strong> JangviT dekarboqsilirebaSi;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> substratuli fosforilireb<strong>is</strong> magaliTia:<br />
\\ piruvatkinazuri reaqcia<br />
\\\ heqsokinazuri reaqcia;<br />
\\\ fruqtokinazuri reaqcia;<br />
\\\ proteinkinazuri reaqcia;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ferment aldolazas substratia:<br />
\\\ glukoza-6-fosfati<br />
\\\ fruqtoza-6-fosfati<br />
\\ fruqtoza-1,6-b<strong>is</strong>fosfati<br />
\\\ 3-b<strong>is</strong>fosfoglicerati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glikogen<strong>is</strong> biosinTezSi monawileobs:<br />
\\ glukoza-1-fosfaturidililtransferaza;<br />
\\\ glukoza-6-fosfataza;<br />
\\\ fosfofruqtokinaza I;
\\\ fosforilaza;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> fermenti Sl<strong>is</strong> sakveb<strong>is</strong>mier pol<strong>is</strong>aqaridebSi alfa-1,4-glikozidur<br />
bmebs?<br />
\\\ laqtaza<br />
\\\ izomaltaza<br />
\\ amilaza<br />
\\\ saqaraza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> fermenti wyvets alfa-1,6-glikozidur bmebs sakveb<strong>is</strong> pol<strong>is</strong>aqaridebSi?<br />
\\\ laqtaza<br />
\\\ maltaza<br />
\\\ amilaza<br />
\\ izomaltaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> wvrili nawlav<strong>is</strong> d<strong>is</strong>aqaridazebs ar miekuTvneba:<br />
\\\ laqtaza<br />
\\\ izomaltaza<br />
\\\ saqaraza<br />
\\ maltotrioza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> fermenti ar monawileobs glikogen<strong>is</strong> biosinTezSi?<br />
\\ aldolaza<br />
\\\ fosfoglukomutaza<br />
\\\ glikogensinTaza<br />
\\\ glukoza-1-fosfaturidililtransferaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glukokinazuri reaqci<strong>is</strong> produqtia:
\\\ fruqtoza-6-fosfati<br />
\\\ glukoza-1-fosfati<br />
\\ glukoza-6-fosfati<br />
\\\ galaqtoza-1-fosfati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glikogen<strong>is</strong> molekul<strong>is</strong> ganStoebas axorcielebs:<br />
\\ amilo-alfa-1,4 alfa-1,6-transglukozidaza<br />
\\\ aldolaza<br />
\\\ DB fermenti<br />
\\\ glukokinaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>fermentebi</strong>s romel klass miekuTvneba glikogensinTaza?<br />
\\\ oqsidoreduqtazebs<br />
\\\ hidrolazebs<br />
\\ transferazebs<br />
\\\ izomerazebs<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glikogenfosforilazuri reaqci<strong>is</strong> produqtia:<br />
\\\ glukoza-6-fosfati<br />
\\\ fruqtoza-6-fosfati<br />
\\ glukoza-1-fosfati<br />
\\\ galaqtoza-1-fosfati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> amoarCieT mcdari debuleba ganStoeb<strong>is</strong> momspobi ferment<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>:<br />
\\\ mas axasiaTebs glukantransferazuli aqtivoba;<br />
\\\ mas axasiaTebs glukozidazuri aqtivoba;<br />
\\ <strong>is</strong> monawileobs glikogen<strong>is</strong> sinTezSi;
\\\ <strong>is</strong> monawileobs glikogenoliz<strong>is</strong> procesSi;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glikogenoliz<strong>is</strong> procesSi monawileobs:<br />
\\ ganStoeb<strong>is</strong> momspobi fermenti;<br />
\\\ fruqtoza-1,6-b<strong>is</strong>fosfataza;<br />
\\\ piruvatkinaza;<br />
\\\ fosfofruqtokinaza;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> fermenti akatalizebs ATP-dan cAMP-s warmoqmnas?<br />
\\\ fosforilaza;<br />
\\\ glukokinaza;<br />
\\ adenilatciklaza;<br />
\\\ proteinkinaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> NTP-dan warmoiqmneba cAMP?<br />
\\\ CTP<br />
\\\ GTP<br />
\\\ UTP<br />
\\ ATP<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glikogen<strong>is</strong> daSl<strong>is</strong> maregulirebeli fermentia:<br />
\\ glikogenfosforilaza;<br />
\\\ fosfoglukomutaza;<br />
\\\ glukoza-6-fosfataza;<br />
\\\ ganStoeb<strong>is</strong> momspobi fermenti;
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> hormoni iwvevs glikogenfosforilazas gaaqtivebas kunTebsa da<br />
RviZlSi?<br />
\\\ insulini;<br />
\\ epinefrini;<br />
\\\ antidiurezuli hormoni;<br />
\\\ estrogenebi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra procesebSi monawileobs cAMP?<br />
\\ ujred<strong>is</strong> SigniT signal<strong>is</strong> transduqciaSi;<br />
\\\ glikogenfosforilazas inhibirebaSi;<br />
\\\ glikogensinTazas gaaqtivebaSi;<br />
\\\ cileb<strong>is</strong> defosforilebaSi;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> fosfofruqtokinazuri reaqci<strong>is</strong> substratia:<br />
\\\ glukoza-6-fosfati<br />
\\ fruqtoza-6-fosfati<br />
\\\ glukoza-1-fosfati<br />
\\\ fruqtoza-1,6-b<strong>is</strong>fosfati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> fosfofruqtokinazuri reaqci<strong>is</strong> produqtia:<br />
\\\ glukoza-6-fosfati<br />
\\\ fruqtoza-6-fosfati<br />
\\\ glukoza-1-fosfati<br />
\\ fruqtoza-1,6-b<strong>is</strong>fosfati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> kofermenti asrulebs wyalbadatomeb<strong>is</strong> donor<strong>is</strong> rols piruvat<strong>is</strong><br />
aRdgen<strong>is</strong> reaqciaSi?<br />
\\\ FADH2;
\\\ FMNH2;<br />
\\ NADH;<br />
\\\ NADPH;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> piruvatkinazuli reaqci<strong>is</strong> substratia:<br />
\\ fosfoenolpiruvati;<br />
\\\ piruvati;<br />
\\\ laqtati;<br />
\\\ gliceraldehid-3-fosfati;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> heqsokinazas alosteruli inhibitoria:<br />
\\\ fruqtoza-6-fosfati;<br />
\\\ glukoza-1-fosfati;<br />
\\ glukoza-6-fosfati;<br />
\\\ piruvati;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> heqsokinazas <strong>Km</strong> glukozas mimarT udr<strong>is</strong>:<br />
\\ 0,1 mM;<br />
\\\ 0,5 mM;<br />
\\\ 5 mM;<br />
\\\ 10 mM;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> hormonia glukokinazas sinTez<strong>is</strong> induqtori?<br />
\\\ glukagoni;<br />
\\\ adrenalini;<br />
\\\ antidiurezuli hormoni;<br />
\\ insulini;
<strong>\\\\</strong> heqsokinazasTv<strong>is</strong> damaxasiaTebelia:<br />
\\\ glukokinazasTan SedarebiT ufro maRali <strong>Km</strong> glukozas mimarT;<br />
\\ alosteruli gziT regulireba;<br />
\\\ gaaqtiveba glukoza-6-fosfatiT;<br />
\\\ aqtivob<strong>is</strong> regulacia genur doneze;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> fosfofruqtokinazas alosteruli aqtivatoria:<br />
\\\ ATP;<br />
\\ AMP;<br />
\\\ laqtati;<br />
\\\ citrati;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> fosfofruqtokinazas alosteruli inhibitoria:<br />
\\ ATP;<br />
\\\ AMP;<br />
\\\ laqtati;<br />
\\\ piruvati;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerTi monawileobs glikoliz<strong>is</strong> neiro-humorul regulaciaSi?<br />
\\\ fruqtoza-6-fosfati;<br />
\\\ glukoza-6-fosfati;<br />
\\ fruqtoza-2,6-b<strong>is</strong>fosfati;<br />
\\\ fruqtoza-1,6-b<strong>is</strong>fosfati;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> piruvatkinazas alosteruli inhibitoria:<br />
\\\ AMP;
\\\ laqtati;<br />
\\\ piruvati;<br />
\\ ATP;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> piruvatkinazas alosteruli aqtivatoria:<br />
\\\ AMP;<br />
\\\ ATP;<br />
\\ fruqtoza-1,6-b<strong>is</strong>fosfati;<br />
\\\ piruvati;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> kofermenti monawileobs alkoholdehidrogenazul reaqciaSi?<br />
\\ NAD+;<br />
\\\ FMN;<br />
\\\ FAD;<br />
\\\ TPP;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> kofermenti ar monawileobs piruvat<strong>is</strong> JangviTi dekarboqsilireb<strong>is</strong><br />
procesSi?<br />
\\\ NAD+;<br />
\\ biotini;<br />
\\\ FAD;<br />
\\\ TPP;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glikoliz<strong>is</strong> proces<strong>is</strong> Seqcevadi reaqciaa:<br />
\\\ heqsokinazuri;<br />
\\\ fosfofruqtokinazuri;<br />
\\ fosfoheqsoizomerazuli;
\\\ piruvatkinazuri;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> piruvatkarboqsilazuri reaqci<strong>is</strong> produqtia:<br />
\\\ piruvati;<br />
\\\ laqtati;<br />
\\ oqsaloacetati;<br />
\\\ fosfoenolpiruvati;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> fosfoenolpiruvatkarboqsikinazuri (PEPCK) reaqci<strong>is</strong> produqtia:<br />
\\\ piruvati;<br />
\\ fosfoenolpiruvati;<br />
\\\ laqtati;<br />
\\\ oqsiloacetati;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel makroergul naerTs gamoiyenebs fosfoenolpiruvatkarboqsikinazuri<br />
reaqcia?<br />
\\\ ATP;<br />
\\\ UTP;<br />
\\\ CTP;<br />
\\ GTP;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ramdeni molekula ATP ixarjeba piruvatidan fosfoenolpiruvat<strong>is</strong><br />
warmosaqmnelad?<br />
\\ 2<br />
\\\ 4<br />
\\\ 6<br />
\\\ 8
<strong>\\\\</strong> pentozafosfaturi cikl<strong>is</strong> JangviTi stadia mTavrdeba:<br />
\\\ glukoza-6-fosfatiT;<br />
\\\ riboza-5-fosfatiT;<br />
\\ ribuloza-5-fosfatiT;<br />
\\\ gliceraldehid-3-fosfatiT;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> kofermenti monawileobs pentozuri cikl<strong>is</strong> JangviT stadiaSi?<br />
\\\ NAD+<br />
\\\ FAD<br />
\\\ FMN<br />
\\ NADP+<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glukoza-6-fosfatdehidrogenazas kofermentia:<br />
\\ NADP+<br />
\\\ FAD<br />
\\\ CoA<br />
\\\ TPP<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> 6-fosfoglukonatdehidrogenazas kofermentia:<br />
\\\ NAD+<br />
\\\ FAD<br />
\\ NADP+<br />
\\\ FMN;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra procesSi monawileobs 6-fosfoglukonatdehidrogenaza?<br />
\\\ trikarboqsilur mJavaTa ciklSi;<br />
\\ pentozafosfatur ciklSi;
\\\ Sardovanas ciklSi;<br />
\\\ glikolizSi;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> pentozuri cikl<strong>is</strong> Sualedur naerTebs ar miekuTvneba:<br />
\\ fumarati;<br />
\\\ ribuloza-5-fosfati;<br />
\\\ 6-fosfoglukonati;<br />
\\\ gliceraldehid-3-fosfati;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> transketolazas kofermentia:<br />
\\\ NAD+<br />
\\\ FAD<br />
\\ TPP<br />
\\\ FMN<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerTeb<strong>is</strong> biosinTez<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> ar<strong>is</strong> aucilebeli NADPH?<br />
\\ qolesteroli;<br />
\\\ triacilgliceroli<br />
\\\ Sardovana<br />
\\ yvela zemoT miTiTebuli naerTeb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra rols asrulebs pentozuri cikli organizmSi?<br />
\\\ igi amaragebs ujredebs NADPH-iT;<br />
\\\ amaragebs ujredebs pentozafosfatebiT;<br />
\\\ icavs eriTrocitebs H2O2-<strong>is</strong> toqsikuri moqmedeb<strong>is</strong>agan;<br />
\\ yvela pasuxi <strong>swori</strong>a;
<strong>\\\\</strong> SimSilob<strong>is</strong> dros RviZlSi intensiurad mimdinareobs:<br />
\\\ glikogen<strong>is</strong> biosinTezi;<br />
\\ glikogenolizi;<br />
\\\ triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong> warmoqmna;<br />
\\\ cileb<strong>is</strong> biosinTezi;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> procesi aqtiurdeba sakveb<strong>is</strong> miReb<strong>is</strong> Semdeg?<br />
\\\ lipolizi;<br />
\\ glikogenezi;<br />
\\\ glikogenolizi;<br />
\\\ proteolizi;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra procesi uzrunvelyofs organizm<strong>is</strong> glukoziT momaragebas xangrZlivi<br />
SimSil<strong>is</strong> pirobebSi?<br />
\\ glukoneogenezi;<br />
\\\ ureagenezi;<br />
\\\ ketogenezi;<br />
\\\ lipogenezi;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerTi akavSirebs naxSirwyleb<strong>is</strong>a da lipideb<strong>is</strong> cvlas?<br />
\\\ piruvati;<br />
\\\ gliceraldehid-3-fosfati;<br />
\\\ acetil-CoA;<br />
\\ yvela zemoTCamoTvlili;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> fermenti monawileobs rogorc glikogenoliz<strong>is</strong>, <strong>is</strong>e glikogenez<strong>is</strong><br />
procesSi?<br />
\\\ glikogenfosforilaza;
\\ fosfoglukomutaza;<br />
\\\ glukoza-6-fosfataza;<br />
\\\ glikogensinTaza;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glikogen<strong>is</strong> biosinTez<strong>is</strong> maregulirebeli fermentia:<br />
\\\ heqsokinaza;<br />
\\\ fosfoglukomutaza;<br />
\\\ glukokinaza;<br />
\\ glikogensinTaza;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> b glikogensinTazas defosforilirebas axorcielebs fermenti:<br />
\\\ fosforilaza;<br />
\\ fosfoproteinfosfataza;<br />
\\\ fosfoglukomutaza;<br />
\\\ glukokinaza;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> hormoni aaqtivebs glikogensinTazas?<br />
\\\ adrenalini;<br />
\\\ glukagoni;<br />
\\ insulini;<br />
\\\ antidiurezuli hormoni;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> hormoni ainhibirebs glikogenfosforilazas?<br />
\\\ glukagoni;<br />
\\ insulini;<br />
\\\ epinefrini;<br />
\\\ norepinefrini;
<strong>\\\\</strong> qvemoTCamoTvlili <strong>fermentebi</strong>dan <strong>romeli</strong> ar gvxvdeba kunTSi?<br />
\\ glukoza-6-fosfataza;<br />
\\\ fosfoglukomutaza;<br />
\\\ fosfofruqtokinaza;<br />
\\\ aldolaza;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glukoneogenez<strong>is</strong> substratia:<br />
\\\ piruvati;<br />
\\\ gliceroli;<br />
\\\ alanini;<br />
\\ yvela dasaxelebuli naerTi;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glukozas metabolizmSi CasarTavad unda moxdes m<strong>is</strong>i:<br />
\\\ HS-CoA-Tan dakavSireba;<br />
\\\ karboqsilireba;<br />
\\ fosforilireba;<br />
\\\ defosforilireba;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romel procesSi ar monawileobs insulini, rogorc<br />
anaboluri hormoni?<br />
\\\ aminomJavebidan cil<strong>is</strong> sinTezSi;<br />
\\\ glukozas glikogenad damaragebaSi;<br />
\\ aminomJaveb<strong>is</strong> glukozad gardaqmnaSi;<br />
\\\ glukozas cximovan mJavebad da tracilglicerolebad gardaqmnaSi;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel debulebas eTanxmebiT glikogensinTazas <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>?<br />
\\ a-glikogensinTaza defosforilirebuli fermentia;
\\\ a-glikogensinTazas fosforilirebas piruvatkinaza akatalizebs;<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong>i fosforilireba GTP-<strong>is</strong> xarjze xdeba;<br />
\\\ b-glikogensinTazas aqtiur formaSi gadasvlas akatalizebs proteinkinaza;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel debulebas ar eTanxmebiT hormoneb<strong>is</strong>a da maTi efeqt<strong>is</strong> gamovlen<strong>is</strong><br />
dro<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>?<br />
\\ glukagoni, kateqolaminebi, insulini da kortizoli ZiriTad efeqts avlenen<br />
SimSilob<strong>is</strong> dros;<br />
\\\ insulini ZiriTad efeqts avlens sakveb<strong>is</strong> miReb<strong>is</strong> Semdeg;<br />
\\\ glukagoni ZiriTad efeqts avlens SimSilob<strong>is</strong> fazaSi;<br />
\\\ kateqolaminebi ZiriTad efeqts avlenen varjiS<strong>is</strong> dros;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra gavlenas axdens glukagoni metabolur procesebze?<br />
\\ ainhibirebs glikogen<strong>is</strong> sinTezs da aaqtiurebs glukoneogenezs;<br />
\\\ xels uSl<strong>is</strong> aminomJaveb<strong>is</strong> mobilizacias cilebidan glukoneogenez<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong>;<br />
\\\ Trgunavs cximovani mJaveb<strong>is</strong> mobilizacias cximovani qsovilidan;<br />
\\\ aaqtiurebs triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong> sinTezs RviZlsa da cximovan qsovilSi;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel mtkicebas eTanxmebiT monosaqarideb<strong>is</strong> SewovasTan dakavSirebiT?<br />
\\\ mlivi nawlav<strong>is</strong> xaoeb<strong>is</strong> saSualebiT fruqtozas Sewova mxolod aqtiuri<br />
transportiT xdeba;<br />
\\\ enterocit<strong>is</strong> plazmuri membran<strong>is</strong> lumenur mxareze glukozas ar gaaCnia<br />
specifikuri transporteri;<br />
\\ glukozas Sewova ZiriTadad aqtiuri transport<strong>is</strong> saSualebiT xorcieldeba;<br />
\\\ glukozas absorbcias axorcielebs GLUT – 3;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra procesi viTardeba miociteb<strong>is</strong> receptorTan insulin<strong>is</strong> dakavSireb<strong>is</strong><br />
Semdeg?<br />
\\ receptori icvl<strong>is</strong> konformacias da adgili aqvs insulin<strong>is</strong> receptor<strong>is</strong><br />
autofosforilirebas;
\\\ autofosforilirebamde insulin<strong>is</strong> receptori axdens IRS cil<strong>is</strong> serin<strong>is</strong><br />
naSTeb<strong>is</strong> fosforilirebas;<br />
\\\ fosfatidilinozitol 3 kinaza ar ukavSirdeba fosforilirebul IRS cilas,<br />
radganac igi Seicavs SH2 domeins;<br />
\\\ warmoiqmneba reaqciaTa jaWvi, <strong>romeli</strong>c iwvevs proteinkinaza B-s _ inhibirebas;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> naxSirwylebiT mdidari an Sereuli sakveb<strong>is</strong> miReb<strong>is</strong>as glukagon<strong>is</strong><br />
koncentracia mcirdeba an ucvleli rCeba, magram II mesenjeruli s<strong>is</strong>tema<br />
iTrguneba. qvemoT CamoTvlili debulebebidan <strong>romeli</strong> ver xsn<strong>is</strong> am<strong>is</strong> mizezebs?<br />
\\\ insulini Seabrunebs glukagoniT stimulirebul fosforilirebas;<br />
\\ insulini axdens cAMP fosfodiesTerazas inaqtivirebas;<br />
\\\ insulini aaqtivebs proteinfosfatazebs, romlebic aSoreben proteinkinaza A-<br />
Ti fosforilirebul cilebs fosfatur jgufebs;<br />
\\\ RviZl<strong>is</strong> fosfofruqtokinaza 2, fruqtoza-2,6-b<strong>is</strong>fosfataza<br />
defosforilirdebian proteinfosfatazeb<strong>is</strong> mier;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ras iwvevs glukagon<strong>is</strong> koncentraci<strong>is</strong> Semcireba?<br />
\\\ am hormon<strong>is</strong> dakavSireb<strong>is</strong> gareSec receptori aaqtivebs Gs cilas;<br />
\\\ G-betagama suberTeuli ahidrolizebs GTP-s da kargavs aqtivobas;<br />
\\ proteinfosfatazebi aSoreben fermentebs fosfatur jgufebs da iwveven maTi<br />
aqtivob<strong>is</strong> cvlilebas;<br />
\\\ cAMP – s Sigaujreduli koncentracia izrdeba;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel mtkicebas eTanxmebiT glukokinazasa da heqsokinazasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT:<br />
\\\ heqsokinaza RviZlsa da TirkmelebSia, xolo glukokinaza _ TiTqm<strong>is</strong><br />
yvela qsovilSi;<br />
\\\ heqsokinazas SedarebiT maRali <strong>Km</strong> aqvs glukozas mimarT, vidre<br />
glukokinazas;<br />
\\\ glukokinaza <strong>is</strong>eT qsovilebSia, romlebic mTlianad damokidebulia<br />
glukozaze, rogorc energi<strong>is</strong> wyaroze;<br />
\\ glukokinaza insuliniT inducirebadi fermentia, heqsokinaza ki – ara;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> rogor xdeba nawlavebSi alfa-limitdeqstrineb<strong>is</strong> gardaqmna?
\\\ <strong>is</strong>ini aRar moineleba nawlavebSi da aseTi saxiT gadad<strong>is</strong> fekaliebSi;<br />
\\\ nawlaveb<strong>is</strong> qveda sarTulSi mimdinareobs maTi gaxleCa da anaerobuli<br />
fermentacia baqteriebiT;<br />
\\\ pankreasuli alfa-amilaza xleCs maT maltozamde;<br />
\\ hidrolizdeba glukoamilazuri kompleqs<strong>is</strong> egzosaqaridazebiT<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan <strong>romeli</strong>a glukozas homeostaz<strong>is</strong> yvelaze<br />
mniSvnelovani faqtori?<br />
\\\ glukagoni<br />
\\\ insulini<br />
\\\ glukokortikoidebi<br />
\\ glukagoni/insulini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glikogen<strong>is</strong> degradaci<strong>is</strong> Sedegad, rogorc wesi, warmoiqmneba:<br />
\\\ meti glukoza, vidre glukoza-1-fosfati<br />
\\ meti glukoza-1-fosfati, vidre glukoza<br />
\\\ glukozas da glukoza-1-fosfat<strong>is</strong> Tanabari raodenoba<br />
\\\ mxolod glukoza-1-fosfati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> pentozafosfaturi gz<strong>is</strong> 6-fosfoglukonatdehidrogenazuli reaqcia<br />
msgavsia:<br />
\\\ glukoza-6-P dehidrogenazul<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ gliceraldehid-3-fosfatdehidrogenazul<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ piruvatdehidrogenazul<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ izocitratdehidrogenazul<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glikoliz<strong>is</strong> procesSi ATP–<strong>is</strong> sinTezs akatalizebs:<br />
\\\ heqsokinaza<br />
\\\ fosfofruqtokinaza-I<br />
\\\ gliceraldehid-3-fosfatdehidrogenaza<br />
\\ fosfogliceratkinaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> fosfofruqtokinaza I-<strong>is</strong> gaaqtivebas iwvevs:<br />
\\\ ATP-<strong>is</strong> maRali koncentracia<br />
\\\ citrati<br />
\\ AMP<br />
\\\ fruqtoza-2,6 b<strong>is</strong>fosfat<strong>is</strong> dabali koncentracia
<strong>\\\\</strong> glukoza --- glukoza-6-fosfati. Aam reaqci<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> ipoveT <strong>swori</strong> debuleba<br />
\\\ es ar<strong>is</strong> izomerizaci<strong>is</strong> reaqcia<br />
\\\ fiziologiur pirobebSi Seqcevadia;<br />
\\ iwyebs glikolizs, glikogenezs, pentozafosfatur gzas;<br />
\\\ yvela pasuxi <strong>swori</strong>a;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> piruvatkinazas aqtivob<strong>is</strong> regulacia xorcieldeba:<br />
\\\ alosterulad<br />
\\\ kovalenturi modifikaciiT<br />
\\\ forvarduli regulaciiT<br />
\\ yvela dasaxelebuli gziT<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glikoliz<strong>is</strong> dros miRebuli piruvati anaerobul pirobebSi gardaiqmneba:<br />
\\\ acetil CoA-ad<br />
\\ laqtatad<br />
\\\ alaninad<br />
\\\ serinad<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glicerol-3-fosfaturi maqos aRwer<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> amoarCieT <strong>swori</strong> debuleba:<br />
\\\ am maqos meSveobiT aRdgeniTi eqvivalentebi gadaecema malatdehidrogenazas;<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong>i gamoyenebiT mitoqondriebSi sinTezdeba 2,5 mol ATP;<br />
\\ am procesSi monawileobs FAD damokidebuli dehidrogenaza da amitom<br />
mitoqondriebSi sinTezdeba 1,5 mol ATP;<br />
\\\ igi uzrunvelyofs aRdgeniTi eqvivalenteb<strong>is</strong> gadatanas mitoqondriidan<br />
citozolSi;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> rogor regulirdeba piruvatdehidrogenazas aqtivoba?<br />
\\\ proteinkinaza axdens m<strong>is</strong> fosforilirebas da Sesabam<strong>is</strong>ad gaaqtivebas;
\\\ NADH/NAD+ Tanafardob<strong>is</strong> gazrda mas aaqtivebs;<br />
\\ NADH/NAD+ Tanafardob<strong>is</strong> gazrda mas ainhibirebs;<br />
\\\ proteinfosfataza ainhibirebs mas defosforilirebiT;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> insulin<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> mcdari <strong>debulebaa</strong>:<br />
\\\ ar axasiaTebs pirveladi struqtur<strong>is</strong> saxeobrivi variabeluroba;<br />
\\\ xar<strong>is</strong> da Ror<strong>is</strong> insulini gamoiyeneba diabet<strong>is</strong> samkurnalod;<br />
\\ insulini sinTezdeba pankreas<strong>is</strong> langerhans<strong>is</strong> alfa-ujredebSi;<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong> molekulaSi sami d<strong>is</strong>ulfiduri bmaa;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> fermenti uzrunvelyofs glikogen<strong>is</strong> jaWv<strong>is</strong> ganStoebas?<br />
\\\ glikogensinTaza<br />
\\ amilo 1,4---1,6 transglukozidaza<br />
\\\ heqsokinaza<br />
\\\ fosfoglukomutaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glikogenoliz<strong>is</strong> proces<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> ar ar<strong>is</strong> marTebuli:<br />
\\\ igi mimdinareobs fosforoliz<strong>is</strong> gziT;<br />
\\\ masSi monawileobs DB fermenti;<br />
\\ glukoza-6-fosfataza aqtiuria kunTebSic;<br />
\\\ RviZlSi mimdinare glikogenolizi emsaxureba s<strong>is</strong>xlSi glukozas don<strong>is</strong><br />
mudmivob<strong>is</strong> SenarCunebas;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> maqosebri meqanizmeb<strong>is</strong> daniSnulebaa:<br />
\\ wyalbadatomeb<strong>is</strong>a da eleqtroneb<strong>is</strong> sunTqviT jaWvSi CarTva;<br />
\\\ aRdgeniTi eqvivalenteb<strong>is</strong> gadatana citoplazmidan mitoqondriaSi da<br />
mitoqondriidan citoplazmaSi;<br />
\\\ glicerofosfaturi maqosebri meqanizmiT sunTqviT jaWvSi 2,5 ATP–<strong>is</strong> sinTezi;
\\\ malataspartatuli meqanizmiT sunTqviT jaWvSi 1,5 ATP–<strong>is</strong> sinTezi;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerT<strong>is</strong> warmoqmn<strong>is</strong> Semdeg emTxveva erTmaneTs glikogenoliz<strong>is</strong>a da<br />
glikoliz<strong>is</strong> gzebi?<br />
\\\ glukoza-1-fosfat<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ glukoza-6-fosfat<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ fosfoenolpiruvat<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ fruqtoza-1,6-b<strong>is</strong>fosfat<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan <strong>romeli</strong> ar monawileobs piruvatkarboqsilazur<br />
reaqciaSi?<br />
\\\ ATP<br />
\\\ biotini<br />
\\\ CO2<br />
\\ riboflavini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> fermenti ar monawileobs glikogen<strong>is</strong> sinTezSi:<br />
\\\ glukoza-1-P-uridililtransferaza<br />
\\\ glikogensinTaza<br />
\\ fosfogliceratkinaza<br />
\\\ ganmStoebeli fermenti<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> fermenti akatalizebs RviZlSi Tav<strong>is</strong>ufali glukozas warmoqmn<strong>is</strong><br />
reaqcias?<br />
\\\ glikogenfosforilaza<br />
\\\ fosfoglukomutaza<br />
\\\ glikogensinTaza<br />
\\ glukoza-6-fosfataza
<strong>\\\\</strong> ramdeni mol. ATP warmoiqmneba substratuli fosforilirebiT glikolizSi?<br />
\\\ 2<br />
\\ 4<br />
\\\ 6<br />
\\\ 12<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glikogeninze glikoziduri naSTeb<strong>is</strong> gadatanas uzrunvelyofs:<br />
\\\ glukokinaza<br />
\\\ fosfoglukomutaza<br />
\\\ DB-fermenti<br />
\\ glikogensinTaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glukozas metabolizmSi CarTv<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> saWiro naerTia:<br />
\\ glukoza-6-fosfati<br />
\\\ glukoza-1-fosfati<br />
\\\ fruqtoza-1-fosfati<br />
\\\ galaqtoza-1-fosfati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> procesi ar xorcieldeba insulin<strong>is</strong> zemoqmedebiT?<br />
\\\ glukozas CarTva glikogenSi;<br />
\\\ glukoz<strong>is</strong>gan cximovani mJaveb<strong>is</strong> sinTezi;<br />
\\\ triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong> sinTezi RviZlsa da cximovan qsovilSi;<br />
\\ cilebidan aminomJaveb<strong>is</strong> mobilizeba glukoneogenez<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> insulin<strong>is</strong> sinTezTan dakavSirebiT <strong>swori</strong> <strong>debulebaa</strong>:<br />
\\\ gansxvavebiT sxva cilovani hormoneb<strong>is</strong>agan igi ar miiReba preprohormon<strong>is</strong>agan;
\\\ C peptidi saWiroa insulin<strong>is</strong> hormonuli aqtivob<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>;<br />
\\\ insulini precipitacias ganicd<strong>is</strong> protaminTan pankreas<strong>is</strong> β ujredeb<strong>is</strong> samarago<br />
vezikulebSi;<br />
\\ insulini Sedgeba A da B jaWveb<strong>is</strong>agan, romlebic dakavSirebulni arian<br />
jaWvebSida d<strong>is</strong>ulfiduri bmiT;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> streshormoneb<strong>is</strong> mosalodneli efeqtia:<br />
\\\ cil<strong>is</strong> sinTez<strong>is</strong> gaZliereba;<br />
\\\ cximovani mJaveb<strong>is</strong> sinTez<strong>is</strong> gaZliereba RviZlSi;<br />
\\\ triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong> sinTez<strong>is</strong> gaZliereba RviZlsa da cximovan qsovilSi;<br />
\\ kunT<strong>is</strong> cil<strong>is</strong> mobilizaci<strong>is</strong> gaZliereba glukozas sinTez<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glukagon<strong>is</strong> molekul<strong>is</strong> dakavSirebiT RviZl<strong>is</strong> ujredTan aTasobiT<br />
proteinkinaza A aqtiurdeba. es ar<strong>is</strong> magaliTi:<br />
\\\ metaboluri pasux<strong>is</strong> integraci<strong>is</strong>;<br />
\\\ signal<strong>is</strong> antagonizm<strong>is</strong>;<br />
\\\ signal<strong>is</strong> swrafi terminaci<strong>is</strong>;<br />
\\ signal<strong>is</strong> amplifikaci<strong>is</strong>;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glikogen<strong>is</strong> molekulaSi glukozas naSTebi erTmaneTTan<br />
dakavSirebulia:<br />
\\\ mxolod alfa-1,4 bmebiT<br />
\\ alfa-1,4 da alfa-1,6 bmebiT<br />
\\\ mxolod beta-1,4-bmebiT<br />
\\\ mxolod alfa-1,6 bmebiT<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glukozas transporti kunTSi xasiaTdeba:<br />
\\ insulinze damokidebulebiT;<br />
\\\ gaaqtiurebiT SimSil<strong>is</strong> dros;<br />
\\\ glukozasTan erTad kunTebSi natrium<strong>is</strong> ioneb<strong>is</strong> SewoviT;<br />
\\\ GLUT-1 transporter<strong>is</strong> gamoyenebiT;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> vicia fava-s Wam<strong>is</strong> Sedegad pacients ganuviTarda hemolizuri anemia. mas<br />
axasiaTebs-------------ferment<strong>is</strong> deficiti da ver asinTezebs sakmar<strong>is</strong>i odenob<strong>is</strong><br />
------------
\\\ 6-fosfoglukonatdehidrogenaza; NADH da 3-fosfoglicerati;<br />
\\\ glukoza-6-P dehidrogenaza; riboza-5-P da ribuloza-5-P;<br />
\\\ glukoza-6-P dehidrogenaza; daJanguli glutaTioni da HOOH;<br />
\\ glukoza-6-P dehidrogenaza; NADPH;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> Tqvens pacients aqvs insulinoma da SimSil<strong>is</strong> dros aReniSneba<br />
hipoglikemia. qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan <strong>romeli</strong> ganmarteba ver xsn<strong>is</strong><br />
hipoglikemi<strong>is</strong> ganviTarebas anomalurad maRali insulin<strong>is</strong> pirobebSi?<br />
\\\ insulini gzavn<strong>is</strong> signalebs ujredebTan glukoz<strong>is</strong> gamoyeneb<strong>is</strong> an<br />
damarageb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>, riTac iwvevs s<strong>is</strong>xl<strong>is</strong> glukozas don<strong>is</strong> daqveiTebas;<br />
\\\ insulini ainhibirebs RviZl<strong>is</strong> glikogen<strong>is</strong> daSlas, r<strong>is</strong> gamoc s<strong>is</strong>xlSi<br />
glukozas raodenob<strong>is</strong> Sevseba ar xdeba;<br />
\\\ insulini ainhibirebs glukoneogenezs, r<strong>is</strong> gamoc s<strong>is</strong>xlSi glukozas<br />
raodenob<strong>is</strong> Sevseba ar xdeba;<br />
\\ insulini ainhibirebs glikolizs da cximovani mJaveb<strong>is</strong> sinTezs<br />
kunTebSi, r<strong>is</strong> gamoc ATP-<strong>is</strong> es wyaroebi aRar muSaoben;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> NADPH gamoiyeneba ujredSi:<br />
\\\ riboza-5-P-<strong>is</strong> warmosaqmnelad gliceraldehid-3-P-<strong>is</strong>a da fruqtoza-1-P<strong>is</strong>agan;<br />
\\\ transketolazuri reaqci<strong>is</strong> substratad;<br />
\\\ damJangveli naerT<strong>is</strong> saxiT aRdgeniT procesebSi;<br />
\\ aRmdgeneli naerT<strong>is</strong> saxiT detoqsikaci<strong>is</strong> procesSi;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> erTi molekula piruvat<strong>is</strong> JangviTi dekarboqsilireb<strong>is</strong> energetikuli efeqti<br />
tolia:<br />
\\\ 10 ATP<br />
\\\ 12 ATP<br />
\\ 2,5 ATP<br />
\\\ 15 ATP<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glikoliz<strong>is</strong> procesSi NADH warmoiqmneba:<br />
\\\ heqsokinazur reaqciaSi;<br />
\\\ fosfofruqtokinazur reaqciaSi;<br />
\\\ piruvatkinazur reaqciaSi;<br />
\\ gliceraldehid-3-fosfatdehidrogenazur reaqciaSi;
<strong>\\\\</strong> glikoliz<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> mcdari <strong>debulebaa</strong>:<br />
\\ glukozas gardaqmna laqtatad mimdinareobs mxolod eriTrocitebSi;<br />
\\\ piruvatidan laqtat<strong>is</strong> miReba Seqcevadi reaqciaa da damokidebulia NADH+/NAD<br />
fardobaze;<br />
\\\ glikolizSi ATP sinTezirdeba substratuli fosforilireb<strong>is</strong> reaqciebSi;<br />
\\\ 1 moli glukozas gardaqmn<strong>is</strong>as jamuri gamosavalia 2 moli ATP, 2 moli NADH<br />
da 2 moli piruvati;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> fosfofruqtokinaza-1-iT katalizebuli reaqcia:<br />
\\\ aqtivdeba ATP-sa da citrat<strong>is</strong> maRali koncentraciiT;<br />
\\\ substratad iyenebs fruqtoza-1-fosfats;<br />
\\ warmoadgens glikoliz<strong>is</strong> mimarTuleb<strong>is</strong> ganmsazRvrel, malimitirebel reaqcias;<br />
\\\ inhibirdeba fruqtoza-2,6-b<strong>is</strong>fosfatiT;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glikoliz<strong>is</strong> Seuqcevadi reaqcia katalizdeba:<br />
\\\ fosfoglukoizomerazaTi;<br />
\\ 6-fosfofruqto-1-kinazaTi;<br />
\\\ aldolazaTi;<br />
\\\ gliceraldehid-3-fosfatdehidrogenazaTi;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> gliceraldehid-3-fosfatdehidrogenazas kofermentia:<br />
\\ NAD+<br />
\\\ NADP+<br />
\\\ FAD<br />
\\\ TPP<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glikoliz<strong>is</strong> siCqar<strong>is</strong> malimitirebeli fermentia:<br />
\\\ glukokinaza
\\\ piruvatkinaza<br />
\\ fosfofruqtokinaza-1<br />
\\\ enolaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glikoliz<strong>is</strong> dros miRebuli NADH SeiZleba daiJangos:<br />
\\\ malat-aspartatuli maqos meSveobiT;<br />
\\\ glicerol-3-fosfaturi SaTl<strong>is</strong> meSveobiT;<br />
\\\ laqtatdehidrogenazas meSveobiT;<br />
\\ yvela zemoT aRniSnul gzaSi;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> malat-aspartatul maqosTan dakavSirebiT ar ar<strong>is</strong> <strong>swori</strong>:<br />
\\\ citozoluri NAD+-<strong>is</strong> generacia xdeba citozoluri malatdehidrogenazas<br />
meSveobiT;<br />
\\\ mitoqondiuli malat-dehidrogenazas saSualebiT regenerirdeba NADH;<br />
\\\ NADH-<strong>is</strong> Semdgomi daJangviT da JangviTi fosforilirebiT miiReba 2,5 moli ATP;<br />
\\ es maqo warmoadgens citoplazmuri NADH-eb<strong>is</strong> mitoqondriaSi transportireb<strong>is</strong>a<br />
da Semdgomi daJangv<strong>is</strong> erTaderT gzas;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glukozas anaerobuli daJangv<strong>is</strong> saboloo produqtia:<br />
\\\ 2 molekula piruvati<br />
\\\ acetil-CoA<br />
\\ 2 molekula laqtati<br />
\\\ H2O da CO2<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> fermenti ar monawilebs glikoliz<strong>is</strong> regulaciaSi?<br />
\\ enolaza<br />
\\\ fosfofruqtokinaza<br />
\\\ piruvatkinaza
\\\ heqsokinaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> nivTierebidan ar SeiZleba glukozas sinTezi?<br />
\\\ piruvati<br />
\\\ oqsaloacetati<br />
\\\ gliceroli<br />
\\ palmitin<strong>is</strong> mJava<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glukoneogenezi ZiriTadad lokalizebulia:<br />
\\\ Tav<strong>is</strong> tvinSi<br />
\\ RviZlSi<br />
\\\ elenTaSi<br />
\\\ gulSi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> naxSirwyleb<strong>is</strong> momnelebeli <strong>fermentebi</strong>dan pankreas<strong>is</strong> wveni Seicavs:<br />
\\\ lipazas<br />
\\\ qolesterolesTerazas<br />
\\ alfa amilazas<br />
\\\ tripsins<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra naerTi miiReba piruvat<strong>is</strong> JangviTi dekarboqsilireb<strong>is</strong> Sedegad?<br />
\\\ laqtati<br />
\\\ alanini<br />
\\ acetil-CoA<br />
\\\ Tiamini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> fermenti monawileobs rogorc glikolizSi, <strong>is</strong>e glukoneogenezSi?
\\\ piruvatkinaza<br />
\\\ fruqtoza-1,6 b<strong>is</strong>fosfataza<br />
\\\ piruvatkarboqsilaza<br />
\\ gliceraldehid-3-fosfatdehidrogenaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ramdeni molekula ATP ixarjeba glikoliz<strong>is</strong> mosamzadebel stadiaze?<br />
\\ 2<br />
\\\ 4<br />
\\\ 6<br />
\\\ 12<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glikolizSi forvarduli regulaci<strong>is</strong> magaliTia:<br />
\\ piruvatkinazas gaaqtiveba fruqtoza-1,6 b<strong>is</strong>fosfatiT;<br />
\\\ glukoza-6-fosfatiT heqsokinazas inhibireba;<br />
\\\ fosfofruqtokinaza-1-<strong>is</strong> regulacia fruqtoza-2,6 b<strong>is</strong>fosfatiT;<br />
\\\ fosfofruqtokinaza-1-<strong>is</strong> regulacia AMP-iTa da ATP-iT;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> piruvatkarboqsilazas kofermentia:<br />
\\\ NAD +<br />
\\\ FAD<br />
\\\ Tiaminpirofosfati<br />
\\ biotini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> alfa-ujredebidan glukagon<strong>is</strong> gamoyofasTan dakavSirebiT <strong>romeli</strong> <strong>debulebaa</strong><br />
mcdari?<br />
\\ insulini ukavSirdeba alfa−ujredebs da zrd<strong>is</strong> glukagon<strong>is</strong> gamoyofas;<br />
\\\ naxSirwylebiT mdidari sakvebi amcirebs glukagon<strong>is</strong> gamoyofas;
\\\ cilebiT mdidari sakvebi zrd<strong>is</strong> glukagon<strong>is</strong> gamoyofas;<br />
\\\ hipoglikemia aZlierebs glukagon<strong>is</strong> gamoyofas;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glukokinazas <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> <strong>swori</strong> <strong>debulebaa</strong>:<br />
\\\ igi aqtiuria kunTebSi;<br />
\\\ igi alosteruli fermentia;<br />
\\ m<strong>is</strong>i sinTez<strong>is</strong> induqtoria insulini;<br />
\\\ igi akatalizebs Seqcevad reaqcias;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> s<strong>is</strong>xlSi epinefrin<strong>is</strong> don<strong>is</strong> gazrda ainhibirebs glikolizs RviZlSi. ra<br />
ganapirobebs sapir<strong>is</strong>piro efeqts gul<strong>is</strong> kunTSi?<br />
\\\ epinefrini gul<strong>is</strong> kunTSi moqmedebs sxva membranul receptorebze<br />
\\\ gul<strong>is</strong> kunTSi SeuZlebeli xdeba proteinkinaza A-s gaaqtiveba<br />
\\ gul<strong>is</strong> kunT<strong>is</strong> bifunqciuri fosfofruqtokinaza-2-<strong>is</strong> izofermenti zrd<strong>is</strong><br />
fruqtoza 2,6-bifosfat<strong>is</strong> dones<br />
\\\ gul<strong>is</strong> kunT<strong>is</strong> bifunqciuri fosfofruqtokinaza-2-<strong>is</strong> izofermenti amcirebs<br />
fruqtoza 2,6-bifosfat<strong>is</strong> dones<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> hormoni ainhibirebs glikolizs RviZlSi?<br />
\\\ insulini<br />
\\ glukagoni<br />
\\\ somatostatini<br />
\\\ epinefrini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> hormoni aaqtivebs glikolizs gulSi?<br />
\\\ insulini<br />
\\\ glukagoni<br />
\\ epinefrini
\\\ prolaqtini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> rogor warmoiqmneba glikozilirebuli hemoglobini ?<br />
\\\ eriTrocitebSi karboanhidrazas Zlieri gaaqtivebiT<br />
\\ eriTrocitebSi Hb-<strong>is</strong> NH2-terminaluri aminojgufeb<strong>is</strong> glukozasTan<br />
arafermentuli urTierTqmedebiT<br />
\\\ GLUT-5-<strong>is</strong> hiperfunqciiT eriTrocit<strong>is</strong> membranaSi<br />
\\\ eriTrocitebSi fruqtoza-6-fosfatazas gaZlierebuli eqspresiiT.<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ram SeiZleba gamoiwveios glikogenozebi?<br />
\\\ glikogen<strong>is</strong> sinTez<strong>is</strong> proces<strong>is</strong> darRveviT<br />
\\ glikogen<strong>is</strong> degradaci<strong>is</strong> proces<strong>is</strong> darRveviT<br />
\\\ glikoliz<strong>is</strong> proces<strong>is</strong> darRveviT<br />
\\\ cximovani mJaveb<strong>is</strong> sinTez<strong>is</strong> darRveviT<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra gziT aaqtivebs Ca2+ glikogenolizs?<br />
\\ fosforilazas kinazas gaaqtivebiT<br />
\\\ cAMP_<strong>is</strong> daSl<strong>is</strong>agan dacviT<br />
\\\ proteinkinaza A-s aqtivirebiT<br />
\\\ glikogensinTazas defosforilireb<strong>is</strong> stimulirebiT<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> qvemoT CamoTvlil romel procesSi ar monawileobs cAMP?<br />
\\\ glikogen<strong>is</strong> sinTezi da daSla<br />
\\\ glikoliz<strong>is</strong> regulacia<br />
\\ acetilqolin<strong>is</strong> sasignalo gza<br />
\\\ epinefrin<strong>is</strong> sasignalo gza
<strong>\\\\</strong> fermenti, <strong>romeli</strong>c gamoiyeneba rogorc glikolizSi, <strong>is</strong>e<br />
glukoneogenezSi, ar<strong>is</strong>:<br />
\\\ glukoza-6-fosfataza<br />
\\ 3-fosfogliceratkinaza<br />
\\\ piruvatkinaza<br />
\\\ heqsokinaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerTiT SeiZleba alosterulad dainhibirdes glikogen<br />
fosforilaza a?<br />
\\\ kalciumiT<br />
\\\ GDP - iT<br />
\\ ATP- iT<br />
\\\ glukagoniT<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerTebia piruvatdehidrogenazuli kompleqs<strong>is</strong> inhibitorebi?<br />
\\ acetil-CoA da NADH<br />
\\\ acil-CoA da NADPH<br />
\\\ piruvati da NAD+<br />
\\\ laqtati da NADHA<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel qsovilSi an ujredSia damokidebuli glukozas transporti<br />
insulinze?<br />
\\ cximovan qsovilSi<br />
\\\ Tav<strong>is</strong> tvinSi<br />
\\\ eriTrocitSi<br />
\\\ RviZlSi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerTi ixliCeba glikoliz<strong>is</strong> procesSi?
\\\ 1,3-b<strong>is</strong>fosfoglicerati<br />
\\\ 2,3-b<strong>is</strong>fosfoglicerati<br />
\\ fruqtoza-1,6-b<strong>is</strong>fosfati<br />
\\\ fruqtoza-2,6-b<strong>is</strong>fosfati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> CamoTvlili fermentuli wyvilebidan romleb<strong>is</strong> kombinirebuli moqmedeba qmn<strong>is</strong><br />
futilur cikls?<br />
\\\ laqtatdehidrogenaza _ piruvatdehidrogenaza<br />
\\ glukokinaza _ glukoza-6-fosfataza<br />
\\\ izocitratdehidrogenaza _ alfa-ketoglutaratdehidrogenaza<br />
\\\ 6-fosfofruqto-1-kinaza _ 6-fosfofruqto-2-kinaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> cikli moicavs glukoneogenezs?<br />
\\\ trikarboqsilur mJavaTa<br />
\\\ Sardovanas<br />
\\ kor<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ pentozafosfaturi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel naerTad ar metabolizdebian glukogenuri aminomJavebi?<br />
\\\ suqcinil-CoA –d<br />
\\ acetil-CoA –d<br />
\\\ piruvatad<br />
\\\ oqsaloacetatad<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> Saqriani diabetiT daavadebul<strong>is</strong> mdgomareoba damZimda wyl<strong>is</strong>a da<br />
eleqtroliteb<strong>is</strong> didi raodenobiT kargv<strong>is</strong> gamo. ra sax<strong>is</strong> komatozuri<br />
mdgomareob<strong>is</strong> ganviTarebaa am dros upiratesad mosalodneli?<br />
\\\ ketoacidozuri
\\ hiperosmolaruli<br />
\\\ laqtatacidemiuri<br />
\\\ hipoglikemiuri<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> metaboluri gz<strong>is</strong> <strong>fermentebi</strong> inducirdebian SimSil<strong>is</strong> fazaSi?<br />
\\\ glikogenez<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ lipogenez<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ glukoneogenez<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ osteogenez<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> <strong>debulebaa</strong> <strong>swori</strong> RviZl<strong>is</strong> <strong>fermentebi</strong>s fosforilebasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT?<br />
\\\ yovelTv<strong>is</strong> ganapirobebs ferment<strong>is</strong> gaaqtivebas<br />
\\ ufro metad xdeba SimSil<strong>is</strong> dros, vidre nakvebob<strong>is</strong> dros<br />
\\\ xorcieldeba insulin<strong>is</strong> zemoqmedebiT<br />
\\\ saWiroebs proteinfosfatazebs<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> debuleba ar Seesabameba insulin<strong>is</strong> qmedebas?<br />
\\\ axdens glukozas transporter<strong>is</strong> (GLUT4) gadaadgilebas ujred<strong>is</strong> Signidan<br />
membran<strong>is</strong>aken<br />
\\\ ainhibirebs ketogenezs<br />
\\\ aaqtivebs fosfoproteinfosfatazas<br />
\\ aaqtivebs proteinkinaza A-s<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> orsulTa Saqriani diabet<strong>is</strong> ganviTarebaSi romel rgols miiCnevT<br />
mniSvnelovnad?<br />
\\\ insulin<strong>is</strong> receptor<strong>is</strong> afinurob<strong>is</strong> daqveiTebas ligand<strong>is</strong> mimarT<br />
\\ insulin<strong>is</strong> receptor<strong>is</strong> Tirozinkinazuri aqtivob<strong>is</strong> daqveiTebas
\\\ insulin<strong>is</strong> sekreci<strong>is</strong> Semcirebas pankreas<strong>is</strong> beta-ujredebidan<br />
\\\ insulin<strong>is</strong> sinTez<strong>is</strong> daTrgunvas<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> procesebiT qveiTdeba glukozas done s<strong>is</strong>xlSi?<br />
\\\ monosaqarideb<strong>is</strong> absorbciiT wvrili nawlavidan<br />
\\\ glikogen<strong>is</strong> daSliT<br />
\\ glikogen<strong>is</strong> sinTeziT<br />
\\\ glukoneogeneziT<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> mdgomareoba uwyobs xels hiperglikemi<strong>is</strong> ganviTarebas?<br />
\\ maZRroba<br />
\\\ SimSili<br />
\\\ Zil<strong>is</strong> faza<br />
\\\ fizikuri varjiSi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> insulini/glukagon<strong>is</strong> dabali fardoba astimulirebs:<br />
\\\ glikogenezsa da triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong> sinTezs<br />
\\\ cileb<strong>is</strong>a da cx. mJaveb<strong>is</strong> sinTezs<br />
\\\ glikogen<strong>is</strong>a da cileb<strong>is</strong> sinTezs<br />
\\ glikogenolizsa da glukoneogenezs<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> fiziologiur pirobebSi kveb<strong>is</strong> Sedegad viTardeba hiperglikemia. kvebidan<br />
daaxloebiT ra dro<strong>is</strong> Semdeg ubrundeba glukozas done normalur maCvenebels?<br />
\\\ 10-15 wuTSi<br />
\\ 2 saaTSi<br />
\\\ 10-12 saaTSi<br />
\\\ 24 saaTSi
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> <strong>fermentebi</strong>s wyvili miekuTvneba izozimebs?<br />
\\\ pepsini da tripsini<br />
\\\ amilaza da laqtaza<br />
\\ glukokinaza da heqsokinaza<br />
\\\ HMG-CoA sinTaza da HMG-CoA –reduqtaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> gardaqmnaa glukoneogenezuri?<br />
\\ piruvati --- glukoza<br />
\\\ laqtoza --- glukoza<br />
\\\ glikogeni --- glukoza<br />
\\\ fruqtoza --- glukoza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ras ukavSirdeba hipoglikemi<strong>is</strong> ganviTareba alkoholikebSi?<br />
\\\ laqtat<strong>is</strong> raodenob<strong>is</strong> Semcirebas<br />
\\ eTanol<strong>is</strong> daJangviT warmoqmnil NADH-<strong>is</strong> dagrovebas RviZlSi<br />
\\\ glikogen<strong>is</strong> marag<strong>is</strong> Sevsebas RviZlSi<br />
\\\ alanin<strong>is</strong> aqtiur gardaqmnas piruvatad<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> gamosakvlev pirs utareben laqtozaTi datvirTv<strong>is</strong> tests. ra cvlilebebi<br />
aReniSneba mas s<strong>is</strong>xlSi 60 wT-<strong>is</strong> Semdeg laqtazas ukmar<strong>is</strong>ob<strong>is</strong> SemTxvevaSi?<br />
\\ glukozas done darCeba ucvleli<br />
\\\ glukozas done moimatebs<br />
\\\ ganviTardeba galaqtozemi<strong>is</strong> suraTi<br />
\\\ dafiqsirdeba hipoglikemia<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra ganapirobebs NADPH/NADP+ maRal dones ujredSi?<br />
\\\ laqtatdehidrogenazuli reaqcia<br />
\\ Glc-6-fosfatdehidrogenazasa da glukonolaqtonazas kombinirebuli moqmedeba
\\\ transketolazasa da transaldolazas SeTanxmebuli moqmedeba<br />
\\\ glicerofosfatdehidrogenazas maqo<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> ferment<strong>is</strong> deficitia hemolizuri anemi<strong>is</strong> ganmapirobebeli?<br />
\\ Glc-6-P dehidrogenazas<br />
\\\ glukonolaqtonazas<br />
\\\ Glc-6- fosfatazas<br />
\\\ riboza-5-fosfatizomerazas<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> balansi glikolizsa da pentozafosfatur gzas Sor<strong>is</strong> romel qsovilSia<br />
gadaxrili glikoliz<strong>is</strong>aken?<br />
\\\ sarZeve jirkvalSi<br />
\\\ Tirkmelzeda jirkvl<strong>is</strong> qerqovan SreSi<br />
\\\ RviZlSi<br />
\\ ganivzolian kunTebSi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ferment enolazas substratia:<br />
\\\ citrati<br />
\\\ akonitati<br />
\\\ fosfoenolpiruvati<br />
\\ 2-fosfoglicerati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> debuleba aRwers marTebulad glikogen<strong>is</strong> daSl<strong>is</strong> process ?<br />
\\\ mimdinareobs mitoqondriebSi;<br />
\\ glikoziduri bmeb<strong>is</strong> gawyvetas akatalizebs glikogenfosforilaza;<br />
\\\ glukoza-6-fosfataza aqtiuria kunTebSi;<br />
\\\ aqtiurdeba maZRrob<strong>is</strong> periodSi;
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> fermenti ar monawileobs glikogen<strong>is</strong> sinTezSi?<br />
\\\ glukokinaza<br />
\\\ alfa1,4 - alfa1,6 - transglukozidaza<br />
\\\ glikogensinTaza<br />
\\ glikogenfosforilaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> fermenti monawileobs glikogenolizSi?<br />
\\\ heqsokinaza<br />
\\\ alfa1,4 - alfa1,6 - transglukozidaza<br />
\\\ piruvatkinaza<br />
\\ glikogenfosforilaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> <strong>debulebaa</strong> ara<strong>swori</strong> glicerofosfaturi maqosebri meqanizm<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>?<br />
\\\ citoplazmuri glicerol-3-fosfatdehidrogenaza NAD+ –damokidebuli<br />
fermentia;<br />
\\\ glicerol-3-fosfats advilad SeuZlia SeaRwios mitoqondri<strong>is</strong> SigniTa<br />
membranaSi;<br />
\\\ mitoqondriuli glicerol-3-fosfatdehidrogenazas prosTetuli jgufia FAD;<br />
\\ glicerol-3-fosfaturi maqosebri meqanizmi aqtiurad monawilobs<br />
pentozafosfatur ciklSi;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ujred<strong>is</strong> romel kompartmentSia lokalizebuli glikoliz<strong>is</strong> procesi?<br />
\\\ mitoqondriebSi;<br />
\\ citoplazmaSi<br />
\\\ golj<strong>is</strong> aparatSi<br />
\\\ birTvSi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> nukleotidfosfati monawileobs glikogen<strong>is</strong> sinTezSi?
\\\ CDP<br />
\\\ ADP<br />
\\ UDP<br />
\\\ GDP<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> gliceraldehid-3-fosfatdehidrogenazas kofermentia:<br />
\\ NAD+<br />
\\\ askorbinmJava<br />
\\\ biotini<br />
\\\ TPP<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel reaqcias akatalizebs piruvatkinaza?<br />
\\\ gliceraldehid-3-fosfati ---- 1,3-b<strong>is</strong>fosfoglicerati<br />
\\\ 1,3-b<strong>is</strong>fosfoglicerati ---- 3-fosfoglicerati<br />
\\\ piruvati --- oqsaloacetati<br />
\\ fosfoenolpiruvati ---- piruvati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ramdeni ATP warmoiqmneba glukozas aerobuli daJangv<strong>is</strong> pirobebSi?<br />
\\\ 3-4 ATP<br />
\\\ 4-6 ATP<br />
\\ 30-32 ATP<br />
\\\ 28-30 ATP<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> ferment<strong>is</strong> sinTez<strong>is</strong> induqtoria insulini?<br />
\\\ piruvatkarboqsilaza<br />
\\\ fosfoenolpiruvatkarboqsikinaza<br />
\\\ fruqtoza-1,6-b<strong>is</strong>fofataza
\\ glukokinaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel faqtors miiCnevT tipi2 diabet<strong>is</strong> ganviTareb<strong>is</strong> ganmapirobeblad?<br />
\\\ insulin<strong>is</strong> mimarT receptoreb<strong>is</strong> afinurob<strong>is</strong> matebas<br />
\\ insulin<strong>is</strong> mimarT rez<strong>is</strong>tentob<strong>is</strong> ganviTarebas<br />
\\\ proinsulinidan insulin<strong>is</strong> warmoqmn<strong>is</strong> Seferxebas<br />
\\\ kontrinsulinuri hormoneb<strong>is</strong> siWarbes<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerT<strong>is</strong> transporti inhibirdeba nawlav<strong>is</strong> lorwovani gars<strong>is</strong><br />
ujredebidan alkoholizm<strong>is</strong> dros?<br />
\\\ biotin<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ piridoqsal<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ Tiamin<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ vitamin E-s<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra naerTi miiReba piruvatdehidrogenazuli reaqciiT?<br />
\\\ laqtati<br />
\\ acetil-CoA<br />
\\\ oqsaloacetati<br />
\\\ alanini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> gardaqmnaa SeuZlebeli?<br />
\\\ laqtati --- piruvati<br />
\\\ fosfoenolpiruvati --- piruvati<br />
\\ acetil-CoA --- piruvati<br />
\\\ alanini --- piruvati
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> ferment<strong>is</strong> deficitiTaa ganpirobebuli fruqtozas Tandayolili<br />
autanloba?<br />
\\ aldolaza B<br />
\\\ fruqtokinaza<br />
\\\ glukokinaza<br />
\\\ aldolaza A<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> gardaqmnaa glukoneogenezuri?<br />
\\ laqtati --- glukoza<br />
\\\ glukoza --- glikogeni<br />
\\\ fruqtoza--- glukoza<br />
\\\ galaqtoza --- glukoza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ras ukavSirdeba hipoglikemi<strong>is</strong> ganviTareba alkoholikebSi?<br />
\\\ laqtat<strong>is</strong> raodenob<strong>is</strong> Semcirebas NAD+-<strong>is</strong> dagroveb<strong>is</strong> gamo<br />
\\ eTanol<strong>is</strong> daJangviT warmoqmnil NADH-<strong>is</strong> dagrovebas RviZlSi<br />
\\\ glukoneogenez<strong>is</strong> proces<strong>is</strong> Zlier gaaqtiurebas RviZlSi<br />
\\\ triacilglicerollipazas aqtivob<strong>is</strong> Semcirebas<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra cvlilebebia mosalodneli s<strong>is</strong>xlSi laqtozaTi datvirTvidan 1 saaT<strong>is</strong><br />
Semdeg laqtazas ukmar<strong>is</strong>ob<strong>is</strong> SemTxvevaSi?<br />
\\ glukozas done darCeba ucvleli<br />
\\\ glukozas done gaizrdeba<br />
\\\ aRiniSneba hiperlipidemia<br />
\\\ glukozas done Semcirdeba<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glukagon<strong>is</strong> gamoyofa yvelaze naklebad mosalodnelia:<br />
\\\ cilebiT mdidari sakveb<strong>is</strong> miReb<strong>is</strong>as
\\ naxSirwylebiT mdidari sakveb<strong>is</strong> miReb<strong>is</strong>as<br />
\\\ Zlieri fizikuri datvirTv<strong>is</strong>as<br />
\\\ hipoglikemi<strong>is</strong> dros<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glikogen<strong>is</strong> degradaci<strong>is</strong> Sedegad kunTebSi warmoiqmneba:<br />
\\\ glukoza<br />
\\ glukoza-6-fosfati<br />
\\\ glukozasa da glukoza-6-fosfat<strong>is</strong> Tanabari raodenoba<br />
\\\ Tav<strong>is</strong>ufali cxmivani mJavebi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> insulins ewodeba anaboluri hormoni, radganac igi xels uwyobs qvemoT<br />
CamoTvlilTagan yvela process, garda:<br />
\\\ aminomJavebidan cil<strong>is</strong> sinTezs<br />
\\\ glukozas glikogenad damaragebas<br />
\\ aminomJaveb<strong>is</strong> glukozad gardaqmnas<br />
\\\ sakvebi cximeb<strong>is</strong> damaragebas<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> hormoni astimulirebs glikogen<strong>is</strong> daSlas RviZlSi?<br />
\\\ insulini<br />
\\\ testosteroni<br />
\\\ prolaqtini<br />
\\ glukogoni<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> hormoni astimulirebs glikogen<strong>is</strong> daSlas kunTebSi?<br />
\\\ insulini<br />
\\\ testosteroni<br />
\\ epinefrini<br />
\\\ vazopresini
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> fermenti aaqtivebs glikogenezs?<br />
\\\ epinefrini<br />
\\\ glukagoni<br />
\\ insulini<br />
\\\ kalcitonini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> ferment<strong>is</strong> deficitiTaa ganpirobebuli girkes daavadeba?<br />
\\ glukoza-6-fosfatazas<br />
\\\ alfa-1,4 glukozidazas<br />
\\\ ganStoeb<strong>is</strong> momspobi ferment<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ kunT<strong>is</strong> fosforilazas<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> ferment<strong>is</strong> deficitiTaa ganpirobebuli pompes daavadeba?<br />
\\\ glukoza-6-fosfatazas<br />
\\ alfa-1,4 glukozidazas<br />
\\\ ganStoeb<strong>is</strong> momspobi ferment<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ kunT<strong>is</strong> fosforilazas<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> ferment<strong>is</strong> deficitiTaa ganpirobebuli kor<strong>is</strong> daavadeba?<br />
\\\ glukoza-6-fosfatazas<br />
\\\ alfa-1,4 glukozidazas<br />
\\ ganStoeb<strong>is</strong> momspobi ferment<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ kunT<strong>is</strong> fosforilazas<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> ferment<strong>is</strong> deficitiTaa ganpirobebuli mak-ardl<strong>is</strong> daavadeba?<br />
\\\ glukoza-6-fosfatazas
\\\ alfa-1,4 glukozidazas<br />
\\\ ganStoeb<strong>is</strong> momspobi ferment<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ kunT<strong>is</strong> fosforilazas<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> Tqveni pacientia 2 Tv<strong>is</strong> gogona, mas aReniSneba glikogen<strong>is</strong> dagroveb<strong>is</strong><br />
daavadeba, roml<strong>is</strong> tipi ucnobia. organizmSi glukagon<strong>is</strong> Seyvana ar iwvevs<br />
klinikuri simptomeb<strong>is</strong> (hipoglikemi<strong>is</strong>) gaumjobesebas. Tqveni diagnozi:<br />
\\\ pompes daavadeba<br />
\\ girkes daavadeba<br />
\\\ kor<strong>is</strong> daavadeba<br />
\\\ makardl<strong>is</strong> daavadeba<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> Tqveni pacientia 6 Tv<strong>is</strong> gogona, mas aReniSneba sasunTqi da saWml<strong>is</strong><br />
momnelebeli s<strong>is</strong>temeb<strong>is</strong> mxriv problemebi. eqokardiografiulad aRiniSneba<br />
kardiomegalia. lizosomebSi alfa-glukozidazas aqtivoba daqveiTebulia.<br />
sinaTl<strong>is</strong> mikroskopiT vlindeba didi raodenobiT glikogen<strong>is</strong> Semcveli<br />
vakuolebi. Tqveni diagnozi:<br />
\\ pompes daavadeba<br />
\\\ girkes daavadeba<br />
\\\ kor<strong>is</strong> daavadeba<br />
\\\ makardl<strong>is</strong> daavadeba<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> <strong>debulebaa</strong> <strong>swori</strong> ganStoeb<strong>is</strong> momspobi ferment<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>?<br />
\\\ iwvevs alfa-1,4 bmeb<strong>is</strong> gawyvetas<br />
\\\ iwvevs beta-1,4 bmeb<strong>is</strong> gawyvetas<br />
\\\ iwvevs rogorc alfa-1,4, <strong>is</strong>e beta-1,4 bmeb<strong>is</strong> gawyvetas<br />
\\ aqvs transferazuli da alfa-1,6 glikozidazuri aqtivoba<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> kofermenti generirdeba pentozafosfatur ciklSi?<br />
\\\ koenzim A
\\\ biotini<br />
\\\ NADH+H+<br />
\\ NADPH+H+<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> riTia ganpirobebuli glikogen<strong>is</strong> dagroveb<strong>is</strong> daavadebeb<strong>is</strong> umetesoba?<br />
\\ glikogenoliz<strong>is</strong> <strong>fermentebi</strong>s aqtivob<strong>is</strong> SemcirebiT<br />
\\\ triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong> sinTez<strong>is</strong> daTrgunviT<br />
\\\ pentozafosfaturi gz<strong>is</strong> gaativebiT<br />
\\\ aminomJaveb<strong>is</strong> degradaci<strong>is</strong> <strong>fermentebi</strong>s deficitiT<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra ganpirobebs s<strong>is</strong>xlSi glukozas don<strong>is</strong> SenarCunebaSi RviZl<strong>is</strong> da ara<br />
kunTeb<strong>is</strong> monawileobas?<br />
\\\ glikogeni maragdeba mxolod RviZlSi<br />
\\\ glukoneogenezi mimdinareobs mxolod RviZlSi<br />
\\\ RviZli warmoadgens mTavar detoqsikaciur organos<br />
\\ glukoza-6-fosfataza ar<strong>is</strong> mxolod RviZlSi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerTia glikogenfosforilazas alosteruli aqtivatori?<br />
\\\ glukoza<br />
\\ AMP<br />
\\\ ADP<br />
\\\ ATP<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerTia glikogenfosforilazas alosteruli inhibitori?<br />
\\\ ADP<br />
\\\ AMP<br />
\\ ATP
\\\ galaqtoza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerTia glikogensinTazas alosteruli aqtivatori?<br />
\\\ galaqtoza<br />
\\ glukoza-6-fosfati<br />
\\\ AMP<br />
\\\ ADP<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerTia glikogensinTazas alosteruli aqtivatori?<br />
\\\ galaqtoza<br />
\\\ ADP<br />
\\\ AMP<br />
\\ glukoza-6-fosfati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> Tu ujredi saWiroebs meti raodenobiT NADPH–s, vidre riboza-5 fosfats:<br />
\\\ ganxorcieldeba pentozafosfaturi gz<strong>is</strong> mxolod pirveli faza<br />
\\\ ganxorcieldeba riboza-5 fosfat<strong>is</strong> sinTezi glikoliz<strong>is</strong> intermediatebidan<br />
\\ ganxorcieldeba pentozafosfaturi gz<strong>is</strong> orive faza<br />
\\\ NADPH_s mxolod mcire nawili Seivseba pentozafosfaturi gzidan, xolo<br />
danarCeni - sxva gzebidan<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> Tu ujredi saWiroebs meti raodenobiT riboza-5 fosfats, vidre NADPH–s:<br />
\\\ ganxorcieldeba pentozafosfaturi gz<strong>is</strong> mxolod pirveli faza<br />
\\ riboza-5 fosfat<strong>is</strong> sinTezi mimdinareobs glikoliz<strong>is</strong> Sualeduri<br />
produqtebidan<br />
\\\ pentozafosfaturi gz<strong>is</strong> orive faza xorcieldeba<br />
\\\ NADPH_s mxolod mcire nawili Seivseba pentozafosfaturi gzidan, xolo<br />
danarCeni - sxva gzebidan
<strong>\\\\</strong> Tu ujredi saWiroebs rogorc riboza-5 fosfats, <strong>is</strong>e NADPH–s:<br />
\\ ganxorcieldeba pentozafosfaturi gz<strong>is</strong> mxolod pirveli faza<br />
\\\ riboza-5 fosfat<strong>is</strong> sinTezi mimdinareobs glikoliz<strong>is</strong> Sualeduri<br />
produqtebidan<br />
\\\ pentozafosfaturi gz<strong>is</strong> orive faza xorcieldeba<br />
\\\ NADPH_s mxolod mcire nawili Seivseba pentozafosfaturi gzidan, xolo<br />
danarCeni - sxva gzebidan<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> pentozafosfaturi gz<strong>is</strong> maregulirebeli fermentia:<br />
\\\ glukoza-6 fosfataza<br />
\\ glukoza-6 fosfatdehidrogenaza<br />
\\\ piruvatkinaza<br />
\\\ tranketolaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glukoza-6 fosfatdehidrogenazas deficit<strong>is</strong> dros hemolizuri anemi<strong>is</strong><br />
ganviTareba ukavSirdeba:<br />
\\ NADPH -<strong>is</strong> deficits<br />
\\\ NADH -<strong>is</strong> deficits<br />
\\\ FADH2-<strong>is</strong> deficits<br />
\\\ FMNH2 -<strong>is</strong> deficits<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> vernike-korsakov<strong>is</strong> sindrom<strong>is</strong> dros aRiniSneba pentozafosfatur gzaSi<br />
monawile ferment<strong>is</strong> - transketolazas aqtivob<strong>is</strong> daqveiTeba, ra ganapirobebs<br />
transketolazas aqtivob<strong>is</strong> Semcirebas?<br />
\\ transketolazas afinurob<strong>is</strong> Semcireba Tiaminpirofosfat<strong>is</strong> mimarT<br />
\\\ transketolazas afinurob<strong>is</strong> mateba Tiaminpirofosfat<strong>is</strong> mimarT<br />
\\\ glukoza-6 fosfatazas deficiti<br />
\\\ glikogensinTazas deficiti
<strong>\\\\</strong> ujred<strong>is</strong> romel kompartmentSia lokalizebuli pentozafosfaturi cikli?<br />
\\\ birTvSi<br />
\\\ mitoqondriebSi<br />
\\ citoplazmaSi<br />
\\\ lizosomebSi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerT<strong>is</strong> SemadgenlobaSi transportirdebian aRdgeniTi eqvivalentebi<br />
glicerofosfaturi maqos saSualebiT?<br />
\\\ NADH<br />
\\ glicerol-3-fosfati<br />
\\\ dihidroqsiacetoni<br />
\\\ malati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerT<strong>is</strong> SemadgenlobaSi transportirdebian aRdgeniTi eqvivalentebi<br />
malat-aspartatuli maqos saSualebiT?<br />
\\\ NADH<br />
\\\ glicerol-3-fosfati<br />
\\\ dihidroqsiacetoni<br />
\\ malati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> mitoqondriuli glicerol-3-fosfatdehidrogenazas kofermentia:<br />
\\\ NAD+<br />
\\\ FMN<br />
\\\ TPP<br />
\\ FAD
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra daavadebas axasiaTebs simptomTa aseTi kompleqsi : hiperglikemia,<br />
glukozuria, osmosuri difuzia da HbA 1 C-<strong>is</strong> maCvenebl<strong>is</strong> gazrda?<br />
\\ Saqriani diabeti<br />
\\\ uSaqro diabeti<br />
\\\ namgl<strong>is</strong>eburi anemia<br />
\\\ glikogen<strong>is</strong> dagroveb<strong>is</strong> daavadeba<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra ganapirobebs s<strong>is</strong>xlSi cileb<strong>is</strong> arafermentul glikozilirebas?<br />
\\\ hipoglikemia<br />
\\\ hiperqolesterolemia<br />
\\ hiperglikemia<br />
\\\ d<strong>is</strong>lipoproteinemia<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> signal<strong>is</strong> transduqci<strong>is</strong> ra gzas iyenebs hormoni insulini?<br />
\\\ plazmuri membran<strong>is</strong> receptor<strong>is</strong> SeuRlebas<br />
\\ plazmuri membran<strong>is</strong> receptor<strong>is</strong> kinazur aqtivobas<br />
\\\ plazmuri membran<strong>is</strong> receptor<strong>is</strong> SeuRlebas PIP 2 -<strong>is</strong> hidrolizTan<br />
\\\ birTvul receptorTan uSualo kavSirs<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> signal<strong>is</strong> transduqci<strong>is</strong> gzaSi glukagon<strong>is</strong> moqmedeba vlindeba:<br />
\\ adenilatciklazas gaaqtivebiT<br />
\\\ receptor<strong>is</strong> autofosforilirebiT<br />
\\\ PIP 2 -<strong>is</strong> hidroliziT<br />
\\\ birTvul receptorTan hormon-receptoruli kompleqs<strong>is</strong> warmoqmniT<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> rogor gavlenas axdens insulini cAMP-s Sigaujredul koncentraciaze?<br />
\\\ aaqtivebs adenilatciklazas da zrd<strong>is</strong> cAMP-<strong>is</strong> koncentracias
\\ aaqtivebs fosfodiesTerazas da amcirebs cAMP-<strong>is</strong> koncentracias<br />
\\\ cAMP-<strong>is</strong> koncentracias inarCunebs mudmiv doneze<br />
\\\ cAMP-<strong>is</strong> koncentracia mxolod kontrregulatoruli hormoneb<strong>is</strong> gavlen<strong>is</strong><br />
qveSaa da insulinze ar ar<strong>is</strong> damokidebuli.<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> parenteralur kvebaze myof pacientebSi glukozas nacvlad fruqtozas<br />
gamoyeneba ar ar<strong>is</strong> mizanSewonili, radgan:<br />
\\\ fruqtoza ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos energetikul wyarod<br />
\\ fruqtozam SeiZleba SeboWos Pi RviZlSi da gamoiwvios ATP-deficiti<br />
\\\ fruqtoza advilad gardaiqmneba toqsikur naerTebad<br />
\\\ fruqtoza ainhibirebs energetikuli metabolizm<strong>is</strong> sakvanZo fermentebs<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan <strong>romeli</strong> ferment<strong>is</strong> genetikuri deficiti iwvevs<br />
hemolizur anemias?<br />
\\\ acil-CoA dehidrogenezas<br />
\\\ alkoholdehidrogenazas<br />
\\ piruvatkinazas<br />
\\\ piruvatdehidrogenazas<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> proceseb<strong>is</strong> urTierTdakavSireba xdeba glukogenuri aminomJavebidan<br />
(alaninidan) glukozas sinTez<strong>is</strong> dros?<br />
\\ Sardovanas sinTez<strong>is</strong>a da glukoneogenez<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ glikoliz<strong>is</strong>a da glukonogenez<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ glikogenoliz<strong>is</strong>a da cileb<strong>is</strong> degradaci<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ lipoliz<strong>is</strong>a da glukoneogenez<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> daasaxeleT glukoneogenezuri gardaqmna:<br />
\\\ acetil CoA --- ---- citrati…. . .
\\ propionil CoA --- --- oqsaloacetati . . .<br />
\\\ glikogeni --- --- glukoza-6-P . . .<br />
\\\ fruqtoza --- --- dihidroqsiacetonfosfati. . .<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong>a ara<strong>swori</strong> debuleba glikogenin<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>?<br />
\\\ <strong>is</strong> 332 aminomJav<strong>is</strong>agan Semdgari polipeptidia<br />
\\\ emsaxureba glikogen<strong>is</strong> sinTezs, rogorc praimeri<br />
\\ mas ar gaaCnia fermentuli aqtivoba<br />
\\\ glikogenini imatebs glikozil<strong>is</strong> naSTebs UDP-glukozadan<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> RviZlSi fruqtozas metabolizm<strong>is</strong> pirveli safexuria:<br />
\\\ glukozas izomerizacia<br />
\\\ fruqtoza 1,6 b<strong>is</strong>fosfat<strong>is</strong> warmoqmna ATP damokidebuli fosforilirebiT<br />
\\ fruqtoza 1-P-s warmoqmna ATP damokidebuli fosforilirebiT<br />
\\\ fruqtoza 6-P-s warmoqmna ATP damokidebuli fosforilirebiT<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> fruqtoza -1-P-<strong>is</strong> aldolazuri gaxleCv<strong>is</strong> produqtebia:<br />
\\\ dihidroqsiaceton<strong>is</strong> 2 molekula<br />
\\\ dihidroqsiaceton-P da gliceraldehid-3-P<br />
\\ dihidroqsiaceton-P da gliceraldehidi<br />
\\\ gliceraldehid-3P-<strong>is</strong> 2 molekula<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> ferment<strong>is</strong> koenzimia TPP?<br />
\\\ transaldolazas<br />
\\ transketolazas<br />
\\\ glukoza-6-P-dehidrogenazas<br />
\\\ fosfopentozaizomerazas
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> ferment<strong>is</strong> deficit<strong>is</strong> dros viTardeba esenciuri fruqtozuria?<br />
\\ fruqtokinazas<br />
\\\ glukokinazas<br />
\\\ fruqtoza-1-P-aldolazas<br />
\\\ fosfofruqto-1-kinazas<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> ferment<strong>is</strong> genetikuri deficiti iwvevs galaqtozas glukozad<br />
gardaqmn<strong>is</strong> dablokvas, <strong>is</strong>eTi mZime SedegebiT, rogoricaa kataraqt<strong>is</strong> ganviTareba,<br />
gonebrivi CamorCena da zrd<strong>is</strong> Seferxeba da RviZl<strong>is</strong> ukmar<strong>is</strong>oba?<br />
\\ galaqtoza1-fosfaturidililtransferaza<br />
\\\ heqsokinaza<br />
\\\ UDP-glukozapirofosforilaza<br />
\\\ glukoza-6 fosfataza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerT<strong>is</strong> aRsadgenad gamoiyeneba NADPH?<br />
\\\ piruvat<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ glutaTion<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ sorbitol<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ oqsaloacetat<strong>is</strong><br />
lipidebi
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerTi akatalizebs cximovani mJaveb<strong>is</strong> biosinTezSi acetil-CoA-dan<br />
malonil-CoA-s miRebas?<br />
\\\ acetiltransferaza;<br />
\\ acetil-CoAkarboqsilaza;<br />
\\\ malatdehidrogenaza;<br />
\\\ akonitaza;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> <strong>debulebaa</strong> marTebuli lipideb<strong>is</strong> Sewov<strong>is</strong> proces<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>?<br />
\\\ miceleb<strong>is</strong> daSl<strong>is</strong> Sedegad miRebuli naRvl<strong>is</strong> mJavebi gamoiyofa ganavalTan<br />
erTad;<br />
\\\ lipideb<strong>is</strong> daSl<strong>is</strong> yvela produqti advilad absorbirdeba enterocitebSi;<br />
\\ enterocitebSi resinTezirebuli TG qilomikroneb<strong>is</strong> saxiT difundirebs<br />
nawlav<strong>is</strong> limfur s<strong>is</strong>temaSi;<br />
\\\ VLDL uzrunvelyofs absorbirebuli lipideb<strong>is</strong> transports;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerTi ar warmoiqmneba organizmSi qolesterol<strong>is</strong> gardaqmn<strong>is</strong>as?<br />
\\\ kortikosteroidebi;<br />
\\\ D3 provitamini;<br />
\\ A vitamini;<br />
\\\ naRvl<strong>is</strong> mJavebi;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> citrat<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> marTebulia:<br />
\\\ warmoadgens acil-CoA karboqsilazas alosteriul inhibitors;<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong>i saSualebiT acetil-CoA transportirdeba citozolidan mitoqondriaSi;<br />
\\ m<strong>is</strong>i daSl<strong>is</strong> Sedegad miRebuli oqsaloacetati cximovanmJaveb<strong>is</strong><br />
biosinTez<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> saWiro CO2-<strong>is</strong>a da NADPH-<strong>is</strong> wyaroa;<br />
\\\ igi citratliazuri reaqci<strong>is</strong> produqtia;
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra ar<strong>is</strong> damaxasiaTebeli s<strong>is</strong>xl<strong>is</strong> plazm<strong>is</strong> lipoproteineb<strong>is</strong><br />
metabolizm<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>?<br />
\\\ nawlavebSi resinTezirebuli TG VLDL-<strong>is</strong> SemadgenlobaSi transportirdeba;<br />
\\\ RviZlSi sinTezirebuli TG qilomikroneb<strong>is</strong> SemadgenlobaSi transportirdeba;<br />
\\\ TG-<strong>is</strong> yvelaze maRali SemcvelobiT xasiaTdeba HDL;<br />
\\ LDL monawileobs qolesterol<strong>is</strong>a da m<strong>is</strong>i eTereb<strong>is</strong> transportirebaSi;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> LCAT (lecitinqolesterolaciltransferaza)-<strong>is</strong> funqcias ar warmoadgens:<br />
\\\ HDL-<strong>is</strong> zedapirze moTavsebuli fosfolipideb<strong>is</strong>a da Tav<strong>is</strong>ufali<br />
qolesterol<strong>is</strong> urTierTqmedeb<strong>is</strong> reaqci<strong>is</strong> katalizi;<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong>i moqmedebiT lizolecitin<strong>is</strong>a da esterificirebuli qolesterol<strong>is</strong> miReba;<br />
\\\ periferiuli qsovilebidan qolesterol<strong>is</strong> gamotanaSi Tanamonawileoba<br />
\\ qolesterolestereb<strong>is</strong> hidrolizuri daSla<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerTi ar monawileobs qolesterol<strong>is</strong> biosinTezSi?<br />
\\\ beta-hidroqsibeta-meTilglutaril-CoA;<br />
\\\ mevalonati;<br />
\\ malonil-CoA;<br />
\\\ sqvaleni;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> fermenti aregulirebs qolesterol<strong>is</strong> biosinTezs?<br />
\\\ HMG-CoA-sinTetaza<br />
\\\ acetiltransferaza<br />
\\ HMG-CoA-reduqtaza;<br />
\\\ mevalonatkinaza;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra gavlenas axdens insulini lipideb<strong>is</strong> cvlaze?<br />
\\\ igi Trgunavs lipideb<strong>is</strong> deponirebas;
\\\ igi zrd<strong>is</strong> cAMP-<strong>is</strong> Sigaujredul koncentracias;<br />
\\ warmoadgens acetil-Co-A karboqsilazas sinTez<strong>is</strong> induqtors;<br />
\\\ aaqtivebs triacilglicerollipazas<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra ar<strong>is</strong> damaxasiaTebeli qolesterol<strong>is</strong> metabolizm<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>:<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong>i sinTezi mimdinareobs mitoqondriaSi;<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong>i biosinTez<strong>is</strong> maregulirebeli fermentia Tiolaza;<br />
\\ qolesteroliT yvelaze mdidaria LDL fraqcia;<br />
\\\ qolestrol<strong>is</strong> yvelaze mcire raodenobas Seicavs LDL;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> <strong>debulebaa</strong> marTebuli kentnaxSirbadiani cximovanmJaveb<strong>is</strong><br />
daJangv<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>?<br />
\\ maTi damokleb<strong>is</strong> Sedegad miiReba propionil-CoA da acetil-CoA;<br />
\\\ am procesSi monawileobs acetil-CoA karboqsilaza;<br />
\\\ kentnaxSirbadiani cximovani mJavebidan glukozas sinTezi SeuZlebelia<br />
\\\ kentnaxSirbadiani cximovani mJaveb<strong>is</strong> sruli daJangva SeuZlebelia<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerTebi warmoiqmneba pankreasuli lipazas moqmedeb<strong>is</strong> Sedegad?<br />
\\\ triacilglicerolebi;<br />
\\ Tav<strong>is</strong>ufali cximovanmJavebi da 2-monoacilgliceroli;<br />
\\\ gliceroli, cximovanmJavebi da qolini;<br />
\\\ cximovanmJavebi da qolesteroli;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra ar axasiaTebs ketosxeuleb<strong>is</strong> metabolizms?<br />
\\\ ketogenezi RviZl<strong>is</strong> ujredeb<strong>is</strong> mitoqondriebSi mimdinareobs;<br />
\\\ ketogenez<strong>is</strong> intensivoba izrdeba lipoliz<strong>is</strong> gaZliereb<strong>is</strong> Sedegad;<br />
\\ RviZl<strong>is</strong> ujredebSi mimdinareobs maTi daJangva;
\\\ diabet<strong>is</strong> dros adgili aqvs hiperketonemias;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> hormoni Trgunavs triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong> gaZlierebul daSlas<br />
(lipolizs)?<br />
\\\ epinefrini;<br />
\\\ glukagoni;<br />
\\\ Tiroqsini;<br />
\\ insulini;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> fermenti ar miekuTvneba lipideb<strong>is</strong> momnelebel fermentebs?<br />
\\\ fosfolipaza;<br />
\\\ qolesterolesTeraza;<br />
\\ peptidaza;<br />
\\\ lipaza;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> acetil-CoA karboqsilazasTan dakavSirebiT ar ar<strong>is</strong> <strong>swori</strong>:<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong>i prosTetuli jgufia biotini;<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong>i alosteriuli aqtivatoria citrati;<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong>i sinTez<strong>is</strong> induqtoria insulini;<br />
\\ monawileobs limonmJavas ciklSi;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> lipoprotein<strong>is</strong> akumulacia aRiniSneba ojaxuri<br />
hiperqolesterolemiiT daavadebuli pacient<strong>is</strong> s<strong>is</strong>xlSi?<br />
\\\ VLDL<br />
\\\ qilomikronebi<br />
\\ LDL<br />
\\\ HDL
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra ar<strong>is</strong> damaxasiaTebeli aTeroskleroz<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>?<br />
\\\ s<strong>is</strong>xlSi LDL-<strong>is</strong> fraqci<strong>is</strong> dakleba;<br />
\\\ HDL-<strong>is</strong> don<strong>is</strong> gazrda;<br />
\\ LDL/HDL-<strong>is</strong> momateba;<br />
\\\ LDL/HDL-<strong>is</strong> Semcireba;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra ar Sed<strong>is</strong> naRvl<strong>is</strong> funqciebSi?<br />
\\\ qimus<strong>is</strong> mJave reaqci<strong>is</strong> ganeitraleba;<br />
\\\ cximSi xsnadi vitamineb<strong>is</strong> SewovaSi monawileoba;<br />
\\\ sakvebi cximeb<strong>is</strong> solubilizeba;<br />
\\ cileb<strong>is</strong> denaturacia;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> naRvl<strong>is</strong> marilebi warmoadgenen:<br />
\\ detergentuli Tv<strong>is</strong>ebeb<strong>is</strong> mqone amfipaTikur naerTebs;<br />
\\\ damuxtul fosfolipidebs;<br />
\\\ lipoproteineb<strong>is</strong> degradaci<strong>is</strong> produqts;<br />
\\\ triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong> hidroliz<strong>is</strong> produqts;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> pankreasuli lipazas moqmedebiT:<br />
\\\ triacilglicerolebi iSleba glicerolad da Tav<strong>is</strong>ufal cximovan mJavebad;<br />
\\\ iSleba pol<strong>is</strong>aqaridebi oligosaqaridebamde;<br />
\\\ triacilglicerolebSi wydeba rTuleTeruli bma 2-mdgomareobaSi;<br />
\\ triacilglicerolidan Tav<strong>is</strong>ufali cximovanmJavebi da 2-monoacilgliceroli<br />
warmoiqmneba;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> debuleba ar ar<strong>is</strong> <strong>swori</strong> miceleb<strong>is</strong> agebulebasTan dakavSirebiT?<br />
\\\ <strong>is</strong>ini Sedgeba hidrofoburi birTv<strong>is</strong>a da hidrofiluri gars<strong>is</strong>agan;
\\\ birTvi Sedgeba cximovani mJaveb<strong>is</strong>a da monoacilglicerol<strong>is</strong>agan;<br />
\\\ garsi Sedgeba naRvl<strong>is</strong> mJaveb<strong>is</strong> marileb<strong>is</strong>a da fosfolipideb<strong>is</strong> molekuleb<strong>is</strong><br />
polaruli nawileb<strong>is</strong>agan;<br />
\\ birTvi Sedgeba naRvl<strong>is</strong> mJav<strong>is</strong> marileb<strong>is</strong>a da fosfolipideb<strong>is</strong>agan;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> cil<strong>is</strong> yvelaze maRali SemcvelobiT xasiaTdeba:<br />
\\\ LDL:<br />
\\ HDL;<br />
\\\ VLDL;<br />
\\\ qilomikronebi;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong> yvelaze maRali SemcvelobiT xasiaTdeba:<br />
\\\ LDL:<br />
\\\ HDL;<br />
\\\ IDL;<br />
\\ qilomikronebi;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> daalageT lipoproteinebi simkvriv<strong>is</strong> kleb<strong>is</strong> mixedviT:<br />
\\\ HDL; VLDL; LDL; qilomikroni<br />
\\ HDL; LDL; VLDL; qilomikroni<br />
\\\ LDL; qilomikroni; HDL; VLDL<br />
\\\ VLDL; qilomikroni; HDL; LDL;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> apoproteineb<strong>is</strong> yvelaze dabali SemcvelobiT xasiaTdeba:<br />
\\ qilomikronebi;<br />
\\\ HDL;<br />
\\\ IDL:
\\\ VLDL;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> lipoproteineb<strong>is</strong> fraqcieb<strong>is</strong> gansxvaveba simkvriv<strong>is</strong> mixedviT damokidebulia<br />
maTSi lipiduri da cilovani komponenteb<strong>is</strong> Tanafardobaze. Lromel fraqciaSi<br />
iqneba lipidebi/cila yvelaze dabali?<br />
\\\ qilomikronebi<br />
\\ HDL<br />
\\\ VLDL<br />
\\\ LDL<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> cximovanmJaveb<strong>is</strong> metabolizmSi gamoyeneba moiTxovs maT winaswar gaaqtivebas.<br />
sad da ra gziT xdeba es?<br />
\\ CoA-sTan dakavSirebiT citozolSi<br />
\\\ fosforilebiT citozolSi<br />
\\\ karnitinTan asocirebiT mitoqondri<strong>is</strong> gareTa membranaze<br />
\\\ UTP-<strong>is</strong> makroerguli bm<strong>is</strong> xarjze mitoqondriaSi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> cximovanmJaveb<strong>is</strong> gaaqtivebas akatalizebs fermenti:<br />
\\\ karnitinpalmitoiltransferaza II;<br />
\\ acil-CoA-sinTetaza;<br />
\\\ acil-CoA dehidrogenaza;<br />
\\\ translokaza;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerTi axorcielebs acil-CoA-s transports citozolidan<br />
mitoqondriaSi?<br />
\\ karnitini<br />
\\\ ATP<br />
\\\ GTP
\\\ CoA<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> rogor xorcieldeba acil-CoA-s mitoqondriaSi SeRweva?<br />
\\\ aqtiuri transport<strong>is</strong> gamoyenebiT<br />
\\ transporteri karnitin<strong>is</strong> gamoyenebiT<br />
\\\ transporteri ligandin<strong>is</strong> gamoyenebiT<br />
\\\ damoukideblad, yovelgvari transporter<strong>is</strong> gareSe<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> acil-CoA ---- enoil-CoA am reaqcias akatalizebs:<br />
\\ acil-CoA-dehidrogenaza;<br />
\\\ suqcinatdehidrogenaza;<br />
\\\ acil-CoA-sinTetaza;<br />
\\\ beta-hidroqsiacilCoA-dehidrogenaza;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ramdeni molekula acetil-CoA warmoiqmneba palmitinmJavas beta-daJangv<strong>is</strong>as?<br />
\\\ 6<br />
\\ 8<br />
\\\ 9<br />
\\\ 12<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> beta–daJangv<strong>is</strong> ramdeni aqtia saWiro palmitinmJavas dasaJangad?<br />
\\\ 6<br />
\\ 7<br />
\\\ 10<br />
\\\ 12
<strong>\\\\</strong> ATP-<strong>is</strong> ramdeni makroerguli bm<strong>is</strong> hidrolizia saWiro acil-CoA sinTetazuri<br />
reaqci<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>?<br />
\\\ 1<br />
\\ 2<br />
\\\ 3<br />
\\\ 6<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerT<strong>is</strong> saxiT CaerTveba krebs<strong>is</strong> ciklSi kentnaxSirbadatomiani<br />
cximovanmJaveb<strong>is</strong> beta–daJangv<strong>is</strong>as warmoqmnili propionil-CoA?<br />
\\\ acetil-CoA<br />
\\\ butiril-CoA<br />
\\ suqcinil-CoA<br />
\\\ alfa-ketoglutarati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> cximovanmJaveb<strong>is</strong> biosinTezi iwyeba:<br />
\\\ suqcinil-CoA-dan<br />
\\ acetil-CoA-dan<br />
\\\ acetoacetatidan<br />
\\\ suqcinatidan<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerTi monawileobs citoplazmaSi cximovanmJaveb<strong>is</strong> 2 naxSirbadatomiT<br />
dagrZelebaSi?<br />
\\\ laqtati<br />
\\\ malati<br />
\\\ propionati<br />
\\ malonil-CoA<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ramdeni molekula acetil-CoA ar<strong>is</strong> saWiro palmitinmJavas sinTez<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>?
\\\ 6<br />
\\ 8<br />
\\\ 10<br />
\\\ 12<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ramden molekula NADPH-s awvd<strong>is</strong> palmitinmJavas biosinTezs<br />
pentozafosfaturi cikli?<br />
\\\ 3<br />
\\ 6<br />
\\\ 7<br />
\\\ 8<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> madekarboqsilirebeli dehidrogenaza monawileobs palmitinmJavas<br />
biosinTezSi?<br />
\\\ piruvatdehidrogenaza;<br />
\\\ izocitratdehidrogenaza<br />
\\\ alfa-ketoglutaratdehidrogenaza<br />
\\ malik-fermenti<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> acetil-CoA-karboqsilazas kofermentia:<br />
\\ biotini<br />
\\\ B6<br />
\\\ TPP<br />
\\\ B2<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> lipoproteinia ApoC da ApoE-s momwodebeli srulfasovani<br />
qilomikroneb<strong>is</strong> formireb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>?<br />
\\\ LDL<br />
\\\ VLDL
\\ HDL<br />
\\\ IDL<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra ar<strong>is</strong> damaxasiaTebeli lipoproteinlipazasaTv<strong>is</strong>?<br />
\\\ igi lokalizebulia HDL-ze;<br />
\\\ igi aqtivdeba hepariniT da ApoA-iT;<br />
\\ m<strong>is</strong>i moqmedebiT lipoproteinebSi Semavali TG-dan warmoiqmneba gliceroli da<br />
FFA;<br />
\\\ masze insulini araviTar gavlenas ar axdens;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel apolipoproteins Seicavs qilomikron<strong>is</strong> naSTi?<br />
\\\ ApoC da ApoE<br />
\\ ApoB-48<br />
\\\ ApoC-I da Apo-D<br />
\\\ ApoB-100<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel apolipoproteins Seicavs “moumwifebeli” VLDL?<br />
\\ ApoB-100<br />
\\\ ApoA<br />
\\\ ApoE<br />
\\\ ApoD<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> apoproteineb<strong>is</strong> damatebiT xdeba VLDL-<strong>is</strong> momwifeba s<strong>is</strong>xlSi?<br />
\\\ ApoB-100 da ApoC<br />
\\ ApoC da ApoE<br />
\\\ ApoE da ApoA<br />
\\\ ApoC-I da ApoB-48
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> lipoproteinia ApoE da ApoC-s wyaro srulfasovani VLDL-<strong>is</strong><br />
momwifeb<strong>is</strong>as?<br />
\\\ LDL<br />
\\\ qilomikroni<br />
\\ HDL<br />
\\\ IDL<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> lipoproteinia IDL-<strong>is</strong> winamorbedi?<br />
\\\ qilomikroni;<br />
\\ VLDL<br />
\\\ HDL<br />
\\\ LDL<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> lipoproteinia yvelaze mdidari qolesteroliT?<br />
\\\ VLDL<br />
\\\ HDL<br />
\\ LDL<br />
\\\ IDL<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> sad ar mimdinareobs glicerol<strong>is</strong> daJangva?<br />
\\\ RviZlSi<br />
\\\ nawlavebSi<br />
\\\ sarZeve jirkvalSi<br />
\\ cximovan qsovilSi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerT<strong>is</strong> saxiT CaerTveba gliceroli glikolizSi?<br />
\\\ piruvat<strong>is</strong>
\\ dihidroqsiacetonfosfat<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ laqtat<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ fosfoenolpiruvat<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra gardaqmna uZRv<strong>is</strong> win glicerol<strong>is</strong> gamoyenebas metabolur gzebSi?<br />
\\\ acetilireba<br />
\\\ uridilireba<br />
\\\ meTilireba<br />
\\ fosforilireba<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> fermenti aaqtivebs glicerols?<br />
\\\ glicerol-3-fosfatdehidrogenaza<br />
\\\ gliceraldehidfosfatdehidrogenaza<br />
\\ glicerolkinaza<br />
\\\ yvela maTgani<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> hormoni aZlierebs triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong> biosinTezsa da<br />
deponirebas?<br />
\\\ glukagoni<br />
\\\ kortikosteroidebi<br />
\\\ Tiroqsini<br />
\\ insulini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> qolesterol<strong>is</strong> biosinTez<strong>is</strong> procesi lokalizebulia:<br />
\\ citozolSi<br />
\\\ mitoqondriebSi<br />
\\\ birTvSi<br />
\\\ golj<strong>is</strong> aparatSi
<strong>\\\\</strong> qolesteroliT mdidari sakveb<strong>is</strong> miRebiT endogenuri qolesterol<strong>is</strong><br />
biosinTez<strong>is</strong> daTrgunv<strong>is</strong> meqanizmi Semdegnairad aixsneba:<br />
\\ Tav<strong>is</strong>ufali qolesteroli ainhibirebs HMG-CoA reduqtazas;<br />
\\\ qolesteroli iwvevs HMG-CoA reduqtazas sinTez<strong>is</strong> induqcias;<br />
\\\ qolesterol<strong>is</strong> eTerebi xels uwyobs s<strong>is</strong>xl<strong>is</strong> plazmidan ujredSi<br />
qolesterol<strong>is</strong> SeRwevas;<br />
\\\ Tav<strong>is</strong>ufali qolesteroli alosterulad aaqtivebs HMG-CoA reduqtazas;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> qolesterol<strong>is</strong> biosinTez<strong>is</strong> sawy<strong>is</strong>i naerTia:<br />
\\\ acil-CoA<br />
\\ acetil-CoA<br />
\\\ acetoacetati<br />
\\\ qolanmJava<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ketogenez<strong>is</strong>a da qolesterol<strong>is</strong> biosinTez<strong>is</strong> saerTo Sualeduri naerTia:<br />
\\ HMG-CoA<br />
\\\ suqcinil-CoA<br />
\\\ alfa-ketoglutarati<br />
\\\ qenodezoqsiqolmJava<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> kofermenti monawileobs qolesterol<strong>is</strong> biosinTezSi?<br />
\\\ NAD+<br />
\\\ FAD<br />
\\ NADPH<br />
\\\ TPP<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> qolesterol<strong>is</strong> biosinTez<strong>is</strong> Sualedur naerTebs ar miekuTvneba:
\\ qolmJava<br />
\\\ izopentenilpirofosfati<br />
\\\ farnezilpirofosfati<br />
\\\ mevalonati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> fermenti Sl<strong>is</strong> qilomikroneb<strong>is</strong>a da VLDL-<strong>is</strong> triacilglicerolebs?<br />
\\\ HMG-CoA-reduqtazaA<br />
\\ lipoproteinlipaza<br />
\\\ TG-lipaza<br />
\\\ fosfolipaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> acetil-CoA-karboqsilazas alosteruli inhibitoria:<br />
\\\ acetil-CoA<br />
\\ palmitoil-CoA<br />
\\\ malonil-CoA<br />
\\\ acetoZmarmJava<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> Tormetgoja nawlavSi lipideb<strong>is</strong> emulsirebas axorcielebs:<br />
\\\ marilmJava<br />
\\ naRveli<br />
\\\ nawlav<strong>is</strong> wveni<br />
\\\ kuW<strong>is</strong> wveni<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> miuTiTeT debuleba, <strong>romeli</strong>c ar axasiaTebs ketosxeuleb<strong>is</strong> metabolizms:<br />
\\\ maTi utilizacia ar mimdinareobs RviZlSi;<br />
\\\ mitoqondriaSi [NADH]/[NAD+] gansazRvravs s<strong>is</strong>xlSi beta-hidroqsibutirat<strong>is</strong>a<br />
da acetoacetat<strong>is</strong> fardobas;
\\ [NADH]/[NAD+] maRali fardob<strong>is</strong> SemTxvevaSi s<strong>is</strong>xlSi matulobs acetoacetat<strong>is</strong><br />
koncentracia;<br />
\\\ hiperketonemia iwvevs ketoacidozs;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> ferment<strong>is</strong> dabali aqtivoba SeiZleba gaxdes simsuqn<strong>is</strong> gamomwvevi<br />
mizezi?<br />
\\ triacilglicerollipazas;<br />
\\\ lipoproteinlipazas;<br />
\\\ diacilglicerollipazas;<br />
\\\ fosfolipazas;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerTi monawileobs mitoqondriebSi cximovanmJaveb<strong>is</strong> elongaciaSi?<br />
\\ acetil-CoA<br />
\\\ laqtati<br />
\\\ malonil-CoA<br />
\\\ malati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> lipoproteinlipazas substratia:<br />
\\ VLDL - Si arsebuli triacilglicerolebi;<br />
\\\ HDL -Si arsebuli triacilglicerolebi;<br />
\\\ LDL -Si arsebuli triacilglicerolebi;<br />
\\\ sakveb<strong>is</strong>mieri triacilglicerolebi;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> s<strong>is</strong>xl<strong>is</strong> plazm<strong>is</strong> lipoproteineb<strong>is</strong> struqtur<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> ar ar<strong>is</strong> damaxasiaTebeli:<br />
\\\ birTvi Sedgeba arapolaruli lipideb<strong>is</strong>agan;<br />
\\\ birTvi garSemortymulia erTSriani garsiT, roml<strong>is</strong> fosfolipideb<strong>is</strong>a da<br />
qolesterol<strong>is</strong> polaruli Tavebi gareTa zedapirzea moTavsebuli;<br />
\\\ apolipoproteini integrirebulia fosfolipidur garsSi an am gars<strong>is</strong><br />
zedapirzea moTavsebuli;
\\ birTvi Sedgeba apolipoproteineb<strong>is</strong>agan;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> organizmSi qolesterol<strong>is</strong> gardaqmn<strong>is</strong>as ar warmoiqmneba:<br />
\\\ kortikosteroidebi<br />
\\\ naRvl<strong>is</strong> mJavebi<br />
\\\ sasqeso hormonebi<br />
\\ nuklein<strong>is</strong> mJavebi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerTi ar warmoadgens qolesterol<strong>is</strong> biosinTez<strong>is</strong> intermediats?<br />
\\\ mevalonati<br />
\\\ izopentenilpirofosfati<br />
\\ citrati<br />
\\\ HMG_CoA<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> cximovanmJavadan sinTezdeba organizmSi sxva cximovanmJavebi?<br />
\\\ olein<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ linol<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ linolen<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ palmitin<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> s<strong>is</strong>xl<strong>is</strong> plazm<strong>is</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> lipoproteini ainhibirebs qolesterol<strong>is</strong><br />
biosinTezs?<br />
\\\ VLDL<br />
\\\ HDL<br />
\\\ IDL<br />
\\ LDL
<strong>\\\\</strong> plazm<strong>is</strong> romel lipoproteinTanaa dakavSirebuli fermenti<br />
lecitinqolesterolaciltransferaza (LCAT) ?<br />
\\\ VLDL<br />
\\ HDL<br />
\\\ IDL<br />
\\\ LDL<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> nivTiereb<strong>is</strong> hidroliz<strong>is</strong> Sedegad warmoiqmneba Tav<strong>is</strong>ufali cximovani<br />
mJavebi?<br />
\\\ h<strong>is</strong>toneb<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ qromoproteineb<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ fosfoproteineb<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerTi warmoadgens yvela steroid<strong>is</strong> winamorbeds?<br />
\\\ hemoglobini<br />
\\\ mioglobini<br />
\\ qolesteroli<br />
\\\ albumini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> nivTiereb<strong>is</strong> hidroliziT ar miiReba gliceroli?<br />
\\\ triacilglicerol<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ diacilglicerol<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ monoacilglicerol<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ qolesterol<strong>is</strong> eTereb<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ramden naxSirbadatoms Seicavs palmitinmJava?<br />
\\\ 12
\\\ 14<br />
\\ 16<br />
\\\ 18<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra rols asrulebs citrati lipideb<strong>is</strong> metabolizmSi?<br />
\\\ uzrunvelyofs acetil-CoA-s transports citozolidan mitoqondriaSi;<br />
\\\ ainhibirebs acetil-CoA-karboqsilazas;<br />
\\ m<strong>is</strong>gan miRebuli oqsaloacetati amaragebs ujredebs NADPH-iT;<br />
\\\ ainhibirebs malik-ferments;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> acetil-CoA-karboqsilazas alosteruli aqtivatoria:<br />
\\ citrati<br />
\\\ palmitoil-COA<br />
\\\ acetil-CoA<br />
\\\ malonil-CoA<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong> biosinTezSi ar monawileobs:<br />
\\\ glicerol-3-fosfati<br />
\\\ fosfatidmJava<br />
\\\ lizofosfatidmJava<br />
\\ acetoacetati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra gavlenas axdens insulini lipideb<strong>is</strong> cvlaze?<br />
\\ Trgunavs Sigaujredul lipolizs;<br />
\\\ xels uSl<strong>is</strong> cximovan qsovilSi triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong> deponirebas;<br />
\\\ iwvevs acetil-CoA-karboqsilazas sinTez<strong>is</strong> represias;<br />
\\\ ewinaaRmdegeba glukozas gardaqmnas cximebad;
<strong>\\\\</strong> qolesterol<strong>is</strong> biosinTez<strong>is</strong> siCqar<strong>is</strong> ganmsazRvreli safexuria:<br />
\\\ acetoacetil-CoA-sa da acetil-CoA-s kondensacia beta–hidroqsi-betameTilglutaril-CoA<br />
-s (HMG-CoA) m<strong>is</strong>aRebad;<br />
\\ HMG-CoA –s aRdgena mevalonatad;<br />
\\\ mevalonat<strong>is</strong> gardaqmna or aqtivirebul izoprenad;<br />
\\\ farnezilpirofosfat<strong>is</strong> warmoqmna;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> cximovani mJaveb<strong>is</strong> beta-daJangv<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> marTebuli <strong>debulebaa</strong>:<br />
\\\ es procesi aqtiurad mimdinareobs sakveb<strong>is</strong> miReb<strong>is</strong>Tanave;<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong>i intensivoba araa damokidebulia qsovil<strong>is</strong> tipze da metabolur statusze;<br />
\\\ cximovani mJavebi energias aqtiurad iyenebs Tav<strong>is</strong> tvini da eriTrociti<br />
\\ grZeljaWviani cximovani mJavebi iJangebian mitoqondriaSi;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> palmitoil-CoA –s beta−daJangv<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> mcdari <strong>debulebaa</strong>:<br />
\\ beta-daJangv<strong>is</strong> saboloo produqtia enoil-CoA;<br />
\\\ palmitoil – CoA-s beta daJangvas esaWiroeba 7 cikli;<br />
\\\ am dros miiReba 7NADH da 7 FADH2;<br />
\\\ 1 moli palmitat<strong>is</strong> daJangviT SesaZlebelia 106 moli ATP – <strong>is</strong> miReba;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> molekuluri kompleqs<strong>is</strong> saxiT gadaitaneba sakvebiT miRebuli<br />
lipidebi nawlav<strong>is</strong> sanaTuridan nawlav<strong>is</strong> epiTeluri ujredeb<strong>is</strong> zedapirze?<br />
\\\ VLDL-<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ cximovani mJava/globulin<strong>is</strong> kompleqs<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ cximovani mJava/albumin<strong>is</strong> kompleqs<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ naRvl<strong>is</strong> marileb<strong>is</strong> micelas
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> lipoproteiniT xdeba sakvebiT miRebuli qolesterol<strong>is</strong> RviZlSi<br />
transportireba?<br />
\\ qilomikronebiT<br />
\\\ LDL-iT<br />
\\\ HDL-iT<br />
\\\ VLDL-iT<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> qilomikroneb<strong>is</strong> SemadgenlobaSi aRiniSneba yvelaze meti raodenobiT:<br />
\\\ ApoB-48<br />
\\ triacilglicerolebi<br />
\\\ qolesteroli<br />
\\\ qolesterol<strong>is</strong> eTerebi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> apoproteini asrulebs lipoproteinlipazas aqtivator<strong>is</strong> rols?<br />
\\\ ApoC III<br />
\\ Apo-C II<br />
\\\ ApoB-48<br />
\\\ ApoB-100<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> organizmSi qolesteroli degradirdeba da eqskretirdeba rogorc:<br />
\\ naRvl<strong>is</strong> marilebi<br />
\\\ CO2 da H2O<br />
\\\ bilirubini<br />
\\\ moklejaWviani cximovani mJavebi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> qilomikroneb<strong>is</strong> momwifebaSi monawileobs:<br />
\\\ naRvl<strong>is</strong> marilebi<br />
\\\ 2-monoacilgliceroli<br />
\\\ lipoproteinlipaza
\\ maRali simkvriv<strong>is</strong> lipoproteini –HDL<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> grZeljaWviani cximovani mJaveb<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> mcdari <strong>debulebaa</strong>:<br />
\\\ cximovani mJavebi hidrofoburi naerTebia;<br />
\\\ maT toqsikuri Tv<strong>is</strong>ebebi gaaCniaT;<br />
\\ cximovani mJaveb<strong>is</strong> gaaqtivebas esaWiroeba GTP-<strong>is</strong> energia;<br />
\\\ najer grZelnaxSirbadian cximovan mJavebs miekuTvneba palmitati da stearati;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel procesze SeiZleba iqonios gavlena karnitin<strong>is</strong> deficitma?<br />
\\ cximovani mJaveb<strong>is</strong> beta-daJangva;<br />
\\\ stearat<strong>is</strong> sinTezi;<br />
\\\ palmitat<strong>is</strong> sinTezi;<br />
\\\ cximovani qsovilidan triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong> marag<strong>is</strong> mobilizacia;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> grZeljaWvani cximovani mJaveb<strong>is</strong> mitoqondriebSi transportireb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong><br />
saWiroa:<br />
\\ transporteri karnitini;<br />
\\\ Na+K+ ATP-aza;<br />
\\\ G-cila;<br />
\\\ UTP<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerTi miiReba kentnaxSirbadiani cx. mJaveb<strong>is</strong> beta-oqsidaci<strong>is</strong> bolo<br />
stadiaze?<br />
\\ propionil-CoA<br />
\\\ oqsaloacetati<br />
\\\ butiril-CoA<br />
\\\ suqcinil-CoA
<strong>\\\\</strong> qvemoTCamoTvlilTagan <strong>romeli</strong> fermenti ar monawileobs cximovani mJaveb<strong>is</strong><br />
beta daJangvaSi?<br />
\\\ enoil-CoA hidrataza<br />
\\\ hidroqsiacil-CoA dehidrogenaza<br />
\\ deacilaza<br />
\\\ acil- CoA dehidrogenaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> CamoTvlili naerTebidan <strong>romeli</strong> miiReba luwnaxSirbadiani cx. mJaveb<strong>is</strong><br />
daJangv<strong>is</strong> bolo safexurze?<br />
\\\ beta-hidroqsibutirati<br />
\\\ oqsaloacetati<br />
\\ acetil-CoA<br />
\\\ propionil- CoA<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ketosxeuleb<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> marTebulia:<br />
\\ maTi sawy<strong>is</strong>i naerTia acetil-CoA ;<br />
\\\ sinTezdebian citoplazmuri HMG-CoA-dan;<br />
\\\ arian saukeTeso energetikuli substratebi RviZl<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong>;<br />
\\\ NADH/NAD+ maRali Sefardeb<strong>is</strong> dros D- hidroqsibutiratidan acetoacetati<br />
miiReba;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> s<strong>is</strong>xl<strong>is</strong> yvela lipoproteinul nawilaks gaaCnia erTidaigive<br />
struqtura, <strong>romeli</strong>c moicavs:<br />
\\ triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong>a da qolesterolestereb<strong>is</strong> hidrofobur<br />
birTvs<br />
\\\ cilebs, romelTa polaruli Tavebi miqceulia birTv<strong>is</strong>ken, xolo<br />
hidrofoburi jaWvebi gareTa zedapir<strong>is</strong>ken.<br />
\\\ apoproteini Seadgens lipoprotein<strong>is</strong> aracilovan nawils.<br />
\\\ lipoproteineb<strong>is</strong> saSualebiT xorcieldeba wyalSi xsnadi vitamineb<strong>is</strong><br />
transportireba
<strong>\\\\</strong> triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong> metabolizmTan dakavSirebiT marTebulia:<br />
\\\ triacilglicerolebi organizmSi mxolod s<strong>is</strong>xlSi mudmivad moZravi<br />
liporoteineb<strong>is</strong> SemadgenlobaSi gvxvdebian<br />
\\ triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong> mobilizacia qsovilebSi iwyeba<br />
hormonmgrZnobiare lipazas gaaqtivebiT SimSil<strong>is</strong> dros<br />
\\\ triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong> sinTezi Zlierdeba glukagon<strong>is</strong> zemoqmedebiT<br />
\\\ triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong> daSl<strong>is</strong> Sedegad aRiniSneba<br />
hipertriacilglicerolemia<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> <strong>debulebaa</strong> ara<strong>swori</strong> acetil-CoA karboqsilazas <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>?<br />
\\\ akatalizebs cximovani mJaveb<strong>is</strong> sinTez<strong>is</strong> siCqar<strong>is</strong> malimitirebel<br />
safexurs<br />
\\\ saWiroebs biotins<br />
\\ aqtivdeba palmitoil CoA-s mier<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong>i sinTez<strong>is</strong> induqtoria insulini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> I tip<strong>is</strong> hiperlipidemia xasiaTdeba triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong> Zalian maRali<br />
doniT qilomikroneb<strong>is</strong> dagroveb<strong>is</strong> gamo. Tu aseTi pacient<strong>is</strong> Srati<br />
dacentrifugdeba, sad aRmoCndeba lipiduri zoli?<br />
\\\ sinjar<strong>is</strong> Sua nawilSi<br />
\\\ sinjar<strong>is</strong> fskerTan<br />
\\\ sinjar<strong>is</strong> zeda naxevarSi, zedapir<strong>is</strong> qvemoT<br />
\\ sinjar<strong>is</strong> SigTavs<strong>is</strong> zedapirze<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> abetalipoproteinemia ar<strong>is</strong> daavadeba, roca qilomikronebi, VLDL, da LDL s<strong>is</strong>xlSi<br />
ar arsebobs. <strong>romeli</strong> apoproteini ver sinTezdeba am dros?<br />
\\\ ApoA –I<br />
\\ ApoB _100<br />
\\\ ApoC _II
\\\ ApoD<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel metabolur gzaSi ar SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas acetil-CoA?<br />
\\\ acetil<strong>is</strong> jguf<strong>is</strong> sruli daJangv<strong>is</strong> gzaSi energi<strong>is</strong> generaci<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ RviZlSi ketosxeuleb<strong>is</strong> sinTezSi<br />
\\\ grZeljaWviani cximovani mJaveb<strong>is</strong> sinTez<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ glukoz<strong>is</strong> don<strong>is</strong> Sesavsebad glukoneogenezSi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> <strong>swori</strong> <strong>debulebaa</strong>:<br />
\\\ hidrofiluri naerTebia<br />
\\\ naxSirwyleb<strong>is</strong> samarago formaa<br />
\\ maTi dagroveba iwvevs simsuqnes<br />
\\\ maT struqturaSi gliceroli mxolod 2 poziciaSia esTerizebuli<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> VLDL warmoiqmneba:<br />
\\ RviZlSi<br />
\\\ limfaSi<br />
\\\ nawlavebSi<br />
\\\ s<strong>is</strong>xlSi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel ganmartebas eTanxmebiT hormonmgrZnobiare lipazas <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>?<br />
\\\ lokalizebulia kunTovan qsovilSi<br />
\\ aqtiurdeba fosforilebiT glukagon<strong>is</strong>a da epinefrin<strong>is</strong> gavleniT<br />
\\\ inducirdeba insulin<strong>is</strong> zemoqmedebiT<br />
\\\ axorcielebs triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong> deponirebas<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> gza ar ar<strong>is</strong> CarTuli triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong> metabolizm<strong>is</strong><br />
regulirebaSi?
\\\ hormonmgrZnobiare lipazas fosforileba_defosforileba<br />
\\\ lipoproteinlipazas insulindamokidebuli inducireba<br />
\\ araspecifikuri lipidesTerazas gaaqtiveba naRvl<strong>is</strong> mJavebiT<br />
\\\ fosfatidatfosfatazas sinTez<strong>is</strong> gaZliereba steroideb<strong>is</strong> gavleniT<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> acetil-CoA+ HCO3_ + ATP ------ malonil-CoA + H2O + ADP + Pi aRniSnuli reaqcia<br />
ar<strong>is</strong>:<br />
\\ cximovanmJavas sinTez<strong>is</strong> ganmsazRvreli safexuri<br />
\\\ triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong> biosinTez<strong>is</strong> Sualeduri safexuri<br />
\\\ TCA cikl<strong>is</strong> winmswrebi reaqcia<br />
\\\ anaplezuri reaqci<strong>is</strong> magaliTi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> substratebidan iwyeba triacilglicerol<strong>is</strong> sinTezi?<br />
\\\ karbamoilfosfati + orniTini<br />
\\ acil-CoA + glicerol-3-fosfati<br />
\\\ acetil-CoA+ HCO3_<br />
\\\ acetil-CoA + oqsaloacetati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra mimarTulebiT ar igzavneba lipoliziT miRebuli Tav<strong>is</strong>ufali cximovani<br />
mJavebi?<br />
\\\ ConCx<strong>is</strong>a da gul<strong>is</strong> kunT<strong>is</strong>aken beta-daJangv<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ RviZl<strong>is</strong>aken ketosxeuleb<strong>is</strong> warmosaqmnelad<br />
\\\ RviZl<strong>is</strong>a da periferiuli qsovileb<strong>is</strong>aken esTerifikaci<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ Tirkmleb<strong>is</strong>aken SardiT eqskreci<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra procesiT uzrunvelyofs SimSilob<strong>is</strong> adaptacias Tav<strong>is</strong> tvini?<br />
\\\ glukozas anaerobuli daJangviT<br />
\\\ cximovani mJaveb<strong>is</strong> beta-daJangviT
\\ ketosxeuleb<strong>is</strong> daJangviT<br />
\\\ glicerol<strong>is</strong> daJangviT<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ras efuZneba farmakologiuri preparateb<strong>is</strong> _ statineb<strong>is</strong><br />
hipoqolesterolemiuri efeqti?<br />
\\ HMG-CoA reduqtazas inhibirebas<br />
\\\ HMG-CoA sinTazas gaaqtivebas<br />
\\\ acetoacetil-CoA Tiolazas inhibirebas<br />
\\\ mevalonatkinazas gaaqtivebas<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> plazmaSi <strong>romeli</strong> lipoprotein<strong>is</strong> koncentraciasa da gul<strong>is</strong> iSemiur daavadebas<br />
Sor<strong>is</strong> arsebobs ukukavSiri?<br />
\\\ LDL<br />
\\\ VLDL<br />
\\ HDL<br />
\\\ IDL<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> daavadeb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> ar<strong>is</strong> cudi prognozuli maCvenebeli plazmaSi LDL/HDL-s<br />
momateba?<br />
\\\ naRvel-kenWovani<br />
\\\ Sard-sasqeso organoeb<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ gul-s<strong>is</strong>xlZarRvTa<br />
\\\ pankreas<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> hiperqolesterolemi<strong>is</strong> samkurnalod gamoiyeneba qolestiramini da<br />
qolestipoli. ra meqanizmi uZevs safuZvlad maT samkurnalo efeqts?<br />
\\\ aferxeben endogenuri qolesterol<strong>is</strong> biosinTezs<br />
\\ ukavSirdebian naRvl<strong>is</strong> marilebs da xels uwyoben maT eqskrecias<br />
\\\ axdenen qolesterol<strong>is</strong> esTerificirebas
\\\ zrdian HDL-<strong>is</strong> dones plazmaSi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> sakvebSi arsebuli <strong>romeli</strong> komponent<strong>is</strong> monelebaSi monawileobs naRveli?<br />
\\\ cileb<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ pol<strong>is</strong>aqarideb<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ d<strong>is</strong>aqarideb<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> insulini/glukagon<strong>is</strong> maRali fardoba astimulirebs:<br />
\\ glikogen<strong>is</strong>a da triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong> Senaxvas<br />
\\\ glikogenolizsa da glukoneogenezs<br />
\\\ lipolizsa da ketogenezs<br />
\\\ proteolizsa da ketogenezs<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan <strong>romeli</strong> procesia lokalizebuli citoplazmaSi?<br />
\\ qolesterol<strong>is</strong> biosinTezi<br />
\\\ ketosxeuleb<strong>is</strong> biosinTezi<br />
\\\ trikarboqsilmJavaTa cikli<br />
\\\ cximovani mJaveb<strong>is</strong> beta-daJangva<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan <strong>romeli</strong> procesia lokalizebuli mitoqondriaSi?<br />
\\\ qolesterol<strong>is</strong> biosinTezi<br />
\\ ketosxeuleb<strong>is</strong> biosinTezi<br />
\\\ glikolizi<br />
\\\ glikogenezi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> reaqcia ar ar<strong>is</strong> uSualod CarTuli triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong><br />
biosinTezSi cximovan qsovilSi?
\\\ acil-CoA- s damateba diacilglicerolze<br />
\\\ acil-CoA- s damateba lizofosfatidatze<br />
\\ glicerol<strong>is</strong> fosforileba<br />
\\\ fosfatidmJavas hidrolizi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ras ganapirobebs glukagon/insulin<strong>is</strong> maRali Tanafardoba SimSilob<strong>is</strong> dros?<br />
\\\ cximovani mJaveb<strong>is</strong> beta-daJangv<strong>is</strong> inhibirebas<br />
\\\ lipogenez<strong>is</strong> gaZlierebas<br />
\\ ketogenez<strong>is</strong> stimulirebas<br />
\\\ naxSirwyleb<strong>is</strong> gardaqmnas cximebad<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> cila monawileobs lipolizSi?<br />
\\ perilipini<br />
\\\ periferini<br />
\\\ pepsini<br />
\\\ plazmini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> vitamin<strong>is</strong> sinTezi xdeba qolesterol<strong>is</strong>agan?<br />
\\\ E<br />
\\\ C<br />
\\\ PP<br />
\\ D<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> hormoneb<strong>is</strong> winamorbedia qolesteroli?<br />
\\\ gastrointestinuli<br />
\\ kortikosteroiduli<br />
\\\ Tiroiduli
\\\ paraTiroiduliF<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> fermenti akatalizebs cximovani mJaveb<strong>is</strong> biosinTez<strong>is</strong> procesSi<br />
acetil-CoA-dan malonil-CoA-s miRebas?<br />
\\\ acetiltransferaza;<br />
\\ acetil-CoAkarboqsilaza;<br />
\\\ malatdehidrogenaza;<br />
\\\ akonitaza;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> <strong>debulebaa</strong> <strong>swori</strong> lipideb<strong>is</strong> Sewov<strong>is</strong> procesTan dakavSirebiT?<br />
\\\ miceleb<strong>is</strong> daSl<strong>is</strong> Sedegad miRebuli naRvl<strong>is</strong> mJavebi gamoiyofa ganavalTan<br />
erTad;<br />
\\\ lipideb<strong>is</strong> daSl<strong>is</strong> yvela produqti saWiroebs transporterebs;<br />
\\ enterocitebSi resinTezirebuli TG qilomikroneb<strong>is</strong> saxiT difundirebs<br />
nawlav<strong>is</strong> limfur s<strong>is</strong>temaSi;<br />
\\\ absorbirebuli lipideb<strong>is</strong> transports uzrunvelyofs HDL;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerTi ar miiReba organizmSi qolesterol<strong>is</strong> gardaqmn<strong>is</strong>as?<br />
\\\ kortikosteroidebi;<br />
\\\ D3 provitamini;<br />
\\ A vitamini;<br />
\\\ naRvl<strong>is</strong> mJavebi;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> s<strong>is</strong>xl<strong>is</strong> plazm<strong>is</strong> lipoproteineb<strong>is</strong> metabolizm<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> damaxasiaTebelia:<br />
\\\ nawlavebSi resinTezirebuli TG VLDL-<strong>is</strong> SemadgenlobaSi transportirdeba;<br />
\\\ RviZlSi sinTezirebuli TG qilomikroneb<strong>is</strong> SemadgenlobaSi transportirdeba;<br />
\\\ TG-<strong>is</strong> yvelaze maRali SemcvelobiT xasiaTdeba HDL;<br />
\\ LDL monawileobs qolesterol<strong>is</strong>a da m<strong>is</strong>i eTereb<strong>is</strong> transportirebaSi;
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel mosazrebas eTanxmebiT LCAT-<strong>is</strong> _<br />
lecitinqolesterolaciltransferazas <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>?<br />
\\ akatalizebs HDL-<strong>is</strong> zedapirze moTavsebuli fosfolipideb<strong>is</strong>a da Tav<strong>is</strong>ufali<br />
qolesterol<strong>is</strong> urTierTqmedeb<strong>is</strong> reaqcias;<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong>i moqmedebiT miiReba triacilgliceroli;<br />
\\\ ApoB LCAT-<strong>is</strong> aqtivator<strong>is</strong> rols asrulebs;<br />
\\\ igi dakavSirebulia VLDL-Tan;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerTi ar ar<strong>is</strong> qolesterol<strong>is</strong> biosinTez<strong>is</strong> intermediati?<br />
\\\ beta-hidroqsi beta-meTilglutaril-CoA;<br />
\\\ mevalonati;<br />
\\ malonil-CoA;<br />
\\\ sqvaleni;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong>a qolesterol<strong>is</strong> biosinTez<strong>is</strong> maregulirebeli fermenti?<br />
\\\ HMG-CoA-sinTetaza<br />
\\\ acetiltransferaza<br />
\\ HMG-CoA-reduqtaza;<br />
\\\ mevalonatkinaza;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> <strong>debulebaa</strong> <strong>swori</strong> qolesterol<strong>is</strong> metabolizmiTan dakavSirebiT?<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong>i sinTezi mimdinareobs mitoqondriaSi;<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong>i biosinTez<strong>is</strong> maregulirebeli fermentia Tiolaza;<br />
\\ qolesteroliT yvelaze mdidaria LDL fraqcia;<br />
\\\ qolestrol<strong>is</strong> yvelaze mcire raodenobas Seicavs LDL;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerTebi warmoiqmneba pankreasuli lipazas moqmedeb<strong>is</strong> Sedegad?
\\\ triacilglicerolebi;<br />
\\ Tav<strong>is</strong>ufali cximovanmJavebi da 2-monoacilgliceroli;<br />
\\\ gliceroli, cximovanmJavebi da qolini;<br />
\\\ cximovanmJavebi da qolesteroli;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> debuleba ar ar<strong>is</strong> <strong>swori</strong> ketosxeuleb<strong>is</strong> metabolizmTan dakavSirebiT?<br />
\\\ ketogenezi RviZl<strong>is</strong> ujredeb<strong>is</strong> mitoqondriebSi mimdinareobs;<br />
\\\ ketogenez<strong>is</strong> intensivoba izrdeba lipoliz<strong>is</strong> gaZliereb<strong>is</strong> Sedegad;<br />
\\ RviZl<strong>is</strong> ujredebSi mimdinareobs maTi daJangva;<br />
\\\ diabet<strong>is</strong> dros adgili aqvs hiperketonemias;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> hormoni Trgunavs triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong> daSlas (lipolizs)?<br />
\\\ adrenalini;<br />
\\\ glukagoni;<br />
\\\ adrenokortikotropuli hormoni;<br />
\\ insulini;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> lipideb<strong>is</strong> momnelebel fermentebs ar miekuTvneba:<br />
\\\ fosfolipaza;<br />
\\\ qolesterolesTeraza;<br />
\\ peptidaza;<br />
\\\ lipaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> lipideb<strong>is</strong>a da naxSirwyleb<strong>is</strong> samarago formeb<strong>is</strong> Sedareb<strong>is</strong>as romel<br />
debulebas ar eTanxmebiT?<br />
\\ triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong> sruli daJangv<strong>is</strong>as gacilebiT naklebi ATP sinTezdeba,<br />
vidre glikogen<strong>is</strong> daJangv<strong>is</strong>as
\\\ triacilglicerolebi wyalTan asocireb<strong>is</strong> gareSe , xolo glikogeni ki Tav<strong>is</strong><br />
wonaze 2-jer met wyalTan dakavSirebuli formiT inaxeba<br />
\\\ cximi ver gamoiyeneba energi<strong>is</strong> wyarod Jangbad<strong>is</strong> ararsebob<strong>is</strong> pirobebSi<br />
\\\ cximi ufro nela mobilizdeba, vidre glikogeni<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> insulin<strong>is</strong> mimarT rez<strong>is</strong>tentob<strong>is</strong> ganviTareb<strong>is</strong> SemTxvevaSi tipi 2 diabetiT<br />
daavadebulTaTv<strong>is</strong> damaxasiaTebelia:<br />
\\\ simsuqne ar korelirebs insulinrez<strong>is</strong>tentobasTan<br />
\\\ qsovilebi insulin<strong>is</strong> signals zemgrZnobelobiT pasuxoben<br />
\\\ Tav<strong>is</strong>ufali cximovani mJaveb<strong>is</strong> koncentracia s<strong>is</strong>xlSi mkveTrad daqveiTebulia<br />
\\ glukozas utilizacia kunTebSi Semcirebulia.<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra klinikuri niSnebi ar axasiaTebs insulinrez<strong>is</strong>tentobas?<br />
\\\ s<strong>is</strong>xlSi glukozas don<strong>is</strong> momateba<br />
\\\ s<strong>is</strong>xlSi insulin<strong>is</strong> don<strong>is</strong> momateba<br />
\\\ simsuqne<br />
\\ Tav<strong>is</strong>ufali cximovani mJaveb<strong>is</strong> koncentraci<strong>is</strong> daqveiTeba s<strong>is</strong>xlSi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> lipideb<strong>is</strong> moneleb<strong>is</strong> procesi moicavs ramdenime fazas. dasaxelebulTagan<br />
<strong>romeli</strong> ar Seesabameba maT?<br />
\\\ sakveb<strong>is</strong> triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong> hidrolizi cximovan mJavebad da<br />
monoacilglicerolad<br />
\\\ lipideb<strong>is</strong> solubilizacia naRvl<strong>is</strong> mJavebiT<br />
\\\ epiTelur ujredebSi triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong> resinTezi<br />
\\ resinTezirebuli triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong> Calageba Zalian dabali simkvriv<strong>is</strong><br />
lipoproteinebad (VLDL)<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> simsuqn<strong>is</strong> gamomwvev mizezTagan mniSvnelovania Warbi da arabalansirebuli<br />
kveba. am problem<strong>is</strong> gadasaWrelad gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva preparati. aseTia,
magaliTad, orl<strong>is</strong>tati. m<strong>is</strong>i efeqti SeiZleba aixsnas qvemoT CamoTvlili<br />
debulebebiT, garda:<br />
\\\ igi triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong> arahidrolizebuli analogia<br />
\\ igi pankreasuli lipazas mZlavri aqtivatoria<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong>i miReba amcirebs lipideb<strong>is</strong> monelebas da absorbcias<br />
\\\ xels uwyobs zogierTi lipid<strong>is</strong> eqskrecias da iwvevs danayreb<strong>is</strong> SemgrZnebas<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> nakvebob<strong>is</strong> faz<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> damaxasiaTebelia:<br />
\\ sakveb<strong>is</strong>mieri, agreTve Warbi naxSirwyleb<strong>is</strong>a da aminomJaveb<strong>is</strong>agan RviZlSi<br />
sinTezirebuli cximovani mJaveb<strong>is</strong> Calageba triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong> saxiT<br />
\\\ triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong> aqtiuri hidrolizi adipocitebSi<br />
\\\ RviZlSi ketosxeuleb<strong>is</strong> sinTez<strong>is</strong> aqtivireba<br />
\\\ RviZlSi glukozas produqcia aranaxSirwylovani substrateb<strong>is</strong>agan<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> SimSil<strong>is</strong> faz<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> damaxasiaTebelia:<br />
\\\ glikogen<strong>is</strong>a da triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong> deponireba<br />
\\ kunTeb<strong>is</strong>a da Tav<strong>is</strong> tvin<strong>is</strong> mier ketosxeuleb<strong>is</strong> gamoyeneba energetikuli<br />
mizneb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ glukoneogenez<strong>is</strong> inhibireba RviZlSi<br />
\\\ s<strong>is</strong>xlSi Tav<strong>is</strong>ufali cximovani mJaveb<strong>is</strong>a da glicerol<strong>is</strong> koncentraci<strong>is</strong><br />
Semcireba<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glicerolidan glicerol-3 fosfat<strong>is</strong> miReba mas gamoyenebads gaxd<strong>is</strong><br />
glikolizur da glukoneogenezur gzebSi. ra fermenti uzrunvelyofs<br />
glicerol<strong>is</strong> fosforilirebas?<br />
\\ glicerolkinaza<br />
\\\ glicerol-3-fosfatdehidrogenaza<br />
\\\ gliceraldehidfosfatdehidrogenaza<br />
\\\ triozafosfatizomeraza
<strong>\\\\</strong> gliceroli _ glicerol-3-P - ...<br />
ra naerTi miiReba Semdgomi gardaqmniT, <strong>romeli</strong>c CaerTveba glikolizSi an<br />
glukoneogenezSi ujred<strong>is</strong> moTxovnileb<strong>is</strong> mixedviT?<br />
\\\ gliceraldehid-3- P<br />
\\\ fosfatidmJava<br />
\\\ 1,2-diacilgliceroli<br />
\\ dihidroqsiacetonfosfati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> gliceroneogenez<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> <strong>swori</strong> deblebaa:<br />
glicerol-3 -fosfat<strong>is</strong> warmoqmna am gzaSi mxolod glikolizzea gamokidebuli<br />
am process ar esaWiroeba krebs<strong>is</strong> cikl<strong>is</strong> intermediati (malati)<br />
wamyvani fermentia fosfoenolpiruvatkarboqsikinaza<br />
insulini Trgunavs am process.<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> cximovani mJaveb<strong>is</strong> beta-daJangv<strong>is</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> safexur<strong>is</strong> Seferxebaa<br />
mosalodneli acil-CoA dehidrogenazas genetikuri deficit<strong>is</strong> dros?<br />
\\ I<br />
\\\ II<br />
\\\ III<br />
\\\ IV<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> HMG-CoA liazuri reaqci<strong>is</strong> produqtebia:<br />
\\\ acetoacetil-CoA da acetil-CoA<br />
\\\ ori molekula acetil-CoA<br />
\\\ erTi molekula acetil-CoA<br />
\\ acetoacetati da acetil-CoA<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ketogenezsa da qolesterol<strong>is</strong> biosinTezSi gvxvdeba erTi da igive<br />
ferment<strong>is</strong> mitoqondriuli da citozoluri izoforma. es fermentia:<br />
\\\ beta-hidroqsibutiratdehidrogenaza<br />
\\\ HMG-CoA reduqtaza<br />
\\ HMG-CoA sinTaza<br />
\\\ HMG-CoA liaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> HMG-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2H + --- ? + CoA + 2 NADP +<br />
<strong>romeli</strong> naerTi miiReba aRniSnul reaqciaSi?<br />
\\\ qolesteroli
\\ mevalonati<br />
\\\ malonil-CoA<br />
\\\ acetoacetati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ipoveT <strong>swori</strong> debuleba palmitat<strong>is</strong> sinTez<strong>is</strong> aRwer<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> :<br />
\\\ malonil-CoA-s damateba cximovan mJavas sinTazaze iwvevs mzardi jaWv<strong>is</strong><br />
dagrZelebas sami naxSirbadiT<br />
\\ beta-ketoacil<strong>is</strong> naSTi 4’-fosfopanteTein<strong>is</strong> nawilze aRdgeba NADPH-<strong>is</strong><br />
mier<br />
\\\ palmitat<strong>is</strong> 16-naxSirbadiani jaWv<strong>is</strong> asawyobad acetil-CoA-s 7 molekula<br />
gamoiyeneba<br />
\\\ pirveli naerTi, <strong>romeli</strong>c emateba cx. mJavas sinTazas ar<strong>is</strong> malonil-CoA<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel debulebas eTanxmebiT lipoproteinlipazas <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>?<br />
\\\ intraujreduli fermentia<br />
\\\ aqtiurdeba cAMP damokidebuli fosforilirebiT<br />
\\\ moqmedebs cximovani qsovil<strong>is</strong> samarago triacilglicerolze<br />
\\ stimulirdeba ApoCII-<strong>is</strong> mier<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> CamoTvlilTagan <strong>romeli</strong> fermentuli reaqcia ar ar<strong>is</strong> NADPH-<strong>is</strong> donori<br />
cx.mJavas sinTazasaTv<strong>is</strong>?<br />
\\ glicerofosfatdehidrogenazuli<br />
\\\ malik-fermentuli<br />
\\\ glukoza-6-Pdehidrogenazuli<br />
\\\ fosfoglukonat-dehidrogenazuli<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> HMG-CoA reduqtazas daxasiaTeb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> <strong>debulebaa</strong> mcdari?<br />
\\\ <strong>is</strong> endoplazmuri bad<strong>is</strong> fermentia<br />
\\ saWiroebs NADH-s<br />
\\\ inhibirdeba fosforilirebiT<br />
\\\ akatalizebs qolesterol<strong>is</strong> biosinTez<strong>is</strong> ganmsazRvrel safexurs<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel ganmartebas ar eTanxmebiT apolipoproteineb<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>?<br />
\\\ <strong>is</strong>ini lipoproteineb<strong>is</strong> cilovani komponentebia<br />
\\\ maTi sinTezi RviZlsa da nawlavebSi xdeba<br />
\\ <strong>is</strong>ini lipoproteineb<strong>is</strong> lipiduri komponentebia<br />
\\\ SeiZleba Seasrulon ligand<strong>is</strong> roli ujredTa receptoreb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> da<br />
kofaqtor<strong>is</strong> roli <strong>fermentebi</strong>saTv<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> janmrTeli adamian<strong>is</strong> s<strong>is</strong>xl<strong>is</strong> plazmaSi SenarCunebulia qolesterol<strong>is</strong><br />
garkveuli done, raSic RviZli mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs. <strong>romeli</strong><br />
debuleba ewinaaRmdegeba RviZl<strong>is</strong> monawileobas qolesterol<strong>is</strong> homeostaz<strong>is</strong><br />
dacvaSi?<br />
\\\ sakvebSi qolesterol<strong>is</strong> dabali Semcvelob<strong>is</strong> sapasuxod RviZlSi<br />
endogenuri qolesterol<strong>is</strong> sinTezi Zlierdeba<br />
\\\ RviZli ar Seicavs qolesteroliT mdidari lipoproteinuli fraqci<strong>is</strong><br />
(LDL) receptorebs
\\\ RviZli ar<strong>is</strong> qolesterol<strong>is</strong> naRvl<strong>is</strong> mJavebad gardaqmn<strong>is</strong> ZiriTadi<br />
adgili<br />
\\ RviZlSi ar regulirdeba HMG-CoA reduqtazas aqtivoba<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> hiperqolesterolemi<strong>is</strong> samkurnalod gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva moqmedeb<strong>is</strong><br />
preparati. maTgan zogierTi ukavSirdeba naRvl<strong>is</strong> marilebs da zrd<strong>is</strong> maT<br />
eqskrecias. CamoTvlilTagan romels aqvs aseTi moqmedeb<strong>is</strong> meqanizmi?<br />
\\ qolestiramins<br />
\\\ lovastatins<br />
\\\ fluvastatins<br />
\\\ simvastatins<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> amoarCieT <strong>swori</strong> ganmarteba LDL-Si Semavali qolesterol<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong><br />
\\\ ujredSi SeRwev<strong>is</strong> Semdeg Trgunavs ACAT ( acil-CoA qolesterolacil<br />
transferazas) aqtivobas<br />
\\\ ujredSi SeRwev<strong>is</strong> Semdeg gardaiqmneba qolesterilesterebad LCAT -<strong>is</strong><br />
zemoqmedebiT<br />
\\ ujredSi akumulireb<strong>is</strong> Semdeg ainhibirebs LDL receptoreb<strong>is</strong> ganaxlebas<br />
\\\ igi periferiuli ujredebidan gamotanili qolesterolia<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> hormonmgrZnobiare lipazas aqtivobaze moqmedi faqtorebia yvela<br />
CamoTvlili, garda:<br />
\\\ cAMP damokidebuli proteinkinaza A-s mier fosforileba<br />
\\\ insulin<strong>is</strong> gavleniT defosforileba<br />
\\\ cila perilipin<strong>is</strong> fosforileba_defosforileba<br />
\\ naRvl<strong>is</strong> mJavas marilebiT gaaqtiveba<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel sindroms qmn<strong>is</strong> Semdeg simptomTa kompleqsi: centraluri<br />
simsuqne, hipertonia, hipertriacilglicerolemia, insulin<strong>is</strong> mimarT<br />
rez<strong>is</strong>tentoba?<br />
\\ metabolur sindroms<br />
\\\ fankon<strong>is</strong> sindroms<br />
\\\ vernike-korsakov<strong>is</strong> sindroms<br />
\\\ adipozo_genitalur sindroms<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> lipideb<strong>is</strong> moneleb<strong>is</strong> procesi moicavs ramdenime fazas. dasaxelebulTagan<br />
<strong>romeli</strong> ar Seesabameba maT?<br />
\\\ sakveb<strong>is</strong> triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong> hidrolizi cximovan mJavebad da<br />
monoacilglicerolad<br />
\\\ lipideb<strong>is</strong> solubilizacia naRvl<strong>is</strong> mJavebiT<br />
\\\ Nnawlav<strong>is</strong> epiTelur ujredebSi triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong> resinTezi<br />
\\ resinTezirebuli triacilgliceroleb<strong>is</strong> Calageba Zalian dabali simkvriv<strong>is</strong><br />
lipoproteinebad (VLDL)
<strong>\\\\</strong> ketogenezSi <strong>romeli</strong> naerT<strong>is</strong> gaxleCiT miiReba acetoacetati da<br />
acetil-CoA?<br />
\\\ suqcinil-CoA<br />
\\\ malonil-CoA<br />
\\ beta-hidroqsi-beta-meTilglutaril-CoA<br />
\\\ propionil-CoA<br />
cilebi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> aminomJaveb<strong>is</strong> ionizebad jgufebTan dakavSirebiT <strong>swori</strong>a:<br />
\\\ mJavuri jguf<strong>is</strong> pKa ar ar<strong>is</strong> damokidebuli garemoze.<br />
\\ fuZe aminomJavebs axasiaTebT pKa-s SedarebiT maRali mniSvneloba.<br />
\\\ mJave aminomJavebs axasiaTebT pKa-s SedarebiT maRali mniSvneloba<br />
\\\ mJave aminomJavebi fiziologiur pirobebSi dadebiTad arian damuxtuli.<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> aminomJaveb<strong>is</strong> ionizebad jgufebTan dakavSirebiT <strong>swori</strong>a:<br />
\\\ mJavuri jguf<strong>is</strong> pKa ar ar<strong>is</strong> damokidebuli garemoze.<br />
\\\ fuZe aminomJavebs axasiaTebT pKa-s SedarebiT dabali mniSvneloba.<br />
\\ mJave aminomJavebs axasiaTebT pKa-s SedarebiT dabali mniSvneloba.<br />
\\\ fuZe aminomJavebi fiziologiur pirobebSi uaryofiTad arian damuxtuli.<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> riTia ganpirobebuli cileb<strong>is</strong> aqtivob<strong>is</strong> damokidebuleba pH-ze?<br />
\\ masSi ionizebadi karboqsil<strong>is</strong>a da aminojgufeb<strong>is</strong> arsebobiT<br />
\\\ peptiduri bmebiT<br />
\\\ hidrofoburobiT<br />
\\\ optikuri aqtivobiT
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> <strong>debulebaa</strong> <strong>swori</strong> cil<strong>is</strong> izoeleqtrul wertilTan (pI) dakavSirebiT?<br />
\\\ am mdgomareobaSi molekul<strong>is</strong> jamuri muxti +1 <strong>is</strong> tolia<br />
\\\ izoeleqtrul wertilSi cila uaryofiTadaa damuxtuli<br />
\\ izoeleqtrul wertilSi cil<strong>is</strong> jamuri muxti 0-<strong>is</strong> tolia<br />
\\\ pI-<strong>is</strong> mixedviT cileb<strong>is</strong> dayofa SeuZlebelia.<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> proces<strong>is</strong> darRveva SeiZleba gamoiwvios kolagen<strong>is</strong> struqtur<strong>is</strong><br />
Camoyalibeb<strong>is</strong>as glicin<strong>is</strong> sxva aminomJavaTi Canacvlebam?<br />
\\\ intrajaWvuri wyalbaduri bmeb<strong>is</strong> warmoqmn<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ d<strong>is</strong>ulfiduri bmeb<strong>is</strong> warmoqmn<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ sammagi spiral<strong>is</strong> warmoqmn<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ ganivi kovalenturi bmeb<strong>is</strong> warmoqmn<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> <strong>debulebaa</strong> keratinTan dakavSirebiT <strong>swori</strong>?<br />
\\\ ar axasiaTebs regularuli meoreuli struqtura<br />
\\\ warmoadgens erT polipeptidur jaWvs<br />
\\\ Seicavs didi raodenobiT prolins<br />
\\ alfa-jaWv<strong>is</strong> arapolaruli kideebi ayalibeben jaWvTaSor<strong>is</strong> hidrofobur<br />
urTierTqmedebebs<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> aminomJavas gardaqmniT warmoiqmneba ganivi kovalenturi bmebi<br />
kolagensa da elastinSi?<br />
\\\ glicin<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ valin<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ lizin<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ meTionin<strong>is</strong>
<strong>\\\\</strong> kolagen<strong>is</strong> struqturasTan dakavSirebiT <strong>swori</strong>a:<br />
\\\ kolageni Sedgeba 4 polipeptiduri jaWv<strong>is</strong>agan<br />
\\ axasiaTebs jaWvTaSor<strong>is</strong>i wyalbaduri bmebi<br />
\\\ wyalbaduri bmebi warmoiqmneba jaWvebs SigniT<br />
\\\ axasiaTebs jaWvTaSor<strong>is</strong>i d<strong>is</strong>ulfiduri bmeb<strong>is</strong> siWarbe<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> kolagen<strong>is</strong> SemadgenlobaSi Semavali <strong>romeli</strong> aminomJavas deficiti SeiZleba<br />
gamoiwvios C vitamin<strong>is</strong> naklebobam?<br />
\\ hidroqsiprolin<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ allizin<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ c<strong>is</strong>tin<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ meTionin<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> suravandiani avadmyof<strong>is</strong> kolagenSi hidroqsiprolin<strong>is</strong> deficiti iwvevs<br />
kolagen<strong>is</strong> destabilizacias, radgan:<br />
\\\ mcirdeba ganivi kovalenturi bmeb<strong>is</strong> raodenoba<br />
\\\ mcirdeba jaWveb<strong>is</strong> kideeb<strong>is</strong> hidrofoburoba<br />
\\ mcirdeba jaWvTaSor<strong>is</strong>i wyalbaduri bmeb<strong>is</strong> raodenoba<br />
\\\ mcirdeba prolin<strong>is</strong> naSTeb<strong>is</strong> steriuli urTierTganzidva<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong>a esenciuri aminomJava?<br />
\\ leicini<br />
\\\ alanini<br />
\\\ c<strong>is</strong>teini<br />
\\\ serini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> pepsini ar<strong>is</strong>:<br />
\\ cileb<strong>is</strong> momnelebeli fermenti;
\\\ pankreasuli fermenti;<br />
\\\ egzopeptidaza;<br />
\\\ zimogeni;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra pirobebSi aRiniSneba uaryofiTi azotovani balansi?<br />
\\\ intensiurad mzard organizmSi;<br />
\\\ orsulob<strong>is</strong> periodSi;<br />
\\\ laqtaci<strong>is</strong> periodSi;<br />
\\ cilovani SimSil<strong>is</strong> dros;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra pirobebSi aRiniSneba dadebiTi azotovani balansi?<br />
\\\ stres<strong>is</strong> dros;<br />
\\ orsulob<strong>is</strong> periodSi;<br />
\\\ xandazmulob<strong>is</strong> periodSi;<br />
\\\ cilovani SimSil<strong>is</strong> dros;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra ar<strong>is</strong> tripsini?<br />
\\ pankreasuli fermenti;<br />
\\\ lipideb<strong>is</strong> momnelebeli fermenti;<br />
\\\ pepsinogen<strong>is</strong> gaaqtiveb<strong>is</strong> Sedegad miRebuli fermenti;<br />
\\\ egzopeptidaza;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> deaminireb<strong>is</strong> proces<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> mcdari <strong>debulebaa</strong>:<br />
\\\ aminojgufeb<strong>is</strong> aqceptor<strong>is</strong> rols asrulebs alfa-ketoglutarati;<br />
\\ aminojgufeb<strong>is</strong> aqceptor<strong>is</strong> rols asrulebs acetoacetati;<br />
\\\ am procesSi monawileoben aminotransferazebi;<br />
\\\ JangviT deaminirebas yvelaze aqtiurad glutamati ganicd<strong>is</strong>;
<strong>\\\\</strong> CO2 + NH4+ + 2ATP + H2O ---- am reaqci<strong>is</strong> Sedegad miiReba:<br />
\\\ Sardovana<br />
\\\ argininsuqcinati<br />
\\ karbamoilfosfati<br />
\\\ arginini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> aminomJavaa Senacvlebadi?<br />
\\\ Val valini<br />
\\\ Leu lecini<br />
\\\ Met meTionini<br />
\\ Ala alanini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> fermenti aregulirebs Sardovanas cikls?<br />
\\\ arginaza<br />
\\\ argininsuqcinatliaza<br />
\\ karbamoilfosfatsinTetaza I<br />
\\\ karbamoilfosfatsinTetaza II<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel organoSi mimdinareobs detoqsikaci<strong>is</strong> procesebi?<br />
\\\ TirkmlebSi<br />
\\\ elenTaSi<br />
\\\ msxvil nawlavSi<br />
\\ RviZlSi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> substratidan warmoiqmneba TirkmlebSi amonium<strong>is</strong> marilebi?<br />
\\\ Sardovana
\\\ aspartati<br />
\\ glutamini<br />
\\\ asparagini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> vitamin<strong>is</strong> nawarmi monawileobs transaminireb<strong>is</strong> reaqciebSi?<br />
\\\ Tiamin<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ piridoqsin<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ panTotenmJavas<br />
\\\ riboflavin<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> ketomJava monawileobs deaminirebaSi?<br />
\\\ acetoacetati<br />
\\ alfa-ketoglutarati<br />
\\\ oqsaloacetati<br />
\\\ adipinmJava<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> SimSil<strong>is</strong> periodSi kunTeb<strong>is</strong> cila katabolizdeba aminomJavebad. ra process<br />
ar eqneba am dros adgili?<br />
\\\ alanini RviZlSi gamoiyeneba glukoneogenez<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>;<br />
\\\ alanini RviZlSi iZleva aminojgufs Sardovanas sinTez<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>;<br />
\\ alanini gamoiyeneba glukoneogenez<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> kunTebSi;<br />
\\\ glutamini monawileobs TirkmelSi Sard<strong>is</strong> buferireb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> ketomJava warmoiqmneba alaninaminotransferazuli reaqci<strong>is</strong> Sedegad?<br />
\\ piruvati<br />
\\\ aminolevulinati<br />
\\\ oqsaloacetati<br />
\\\ alfa-ketoglutarati
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra procesSi monawileobs RviZl<strong>is</strong> glutaminaza?<br />
\\ glutamin<strong>is</strong>gan glutamat<strong>is</strong> da amiak<strong>is</strong> warmoqmn<strong>is</strong> reaqciaSi;<br />
\\\ glutamin<strong>is</strong> miReb<strong>is</strong> reaqciaSi;<br />
\\\ amonium<strong>is</strong> transportirebaSi;<br />
\\\ Sardovanas biosinTezSi;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> amoarCieT Tirkml<strong>is</strong> glutaminazas <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> <strong>swori</strong> debuleba:<br />
\\\ es fermenti akatalizebs asparagin<strong>is</strong> daSlas;<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong>i moqmedebiT warmoiqmneba glutamini;<br />
\\ glutaminazur reaqcaSi warmoqmnili amiaki TirkmlebSi acidoziT gamowveuli<br />
mJave naerTeb<strong>is</strong> gasaneitraleblad gamoiyeneba;<br />
\\\ es fermenti monawileobs ureagenezSi;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> qsovilebidan amonium<strong>is</strong> transporti RviZl<strong>is</strong>aken xorcieldeba:<br />
\\ glutaminsinTetazur reaqciaSi warmoqmnili glutamin<strong>is</strong> saSualebiT;<br />
\\\ glutamatdehidrogenazuli reaqciiT miRebuli alfa-ketoglutarat<strong>is</strong><br />
saSualebiT<br />
\\\ valin<strong>is</strong> transaminireb<strong>is</strong> produqt<strong>is</strong> alfa-ketoizovalerat<strong>is</strong> saxiT<br />
\\\ yvela dasaxelebuli gziT;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> Sardovanas ciklSi karbamoilfosfatsinTetaza I akatalizebs Semdeg reaqcias:<br />
\\\ arginini + H2O ---- Sardovana + orniTini<br />
\\\ argininsuqcinati ---- arginini + fumarati<br />
\\ CO2 + NH4+ + 2ATP+ H2O ---- karbamoilfosfati + 2ADP+ Pi<br />
\\\ orniTini + karbamoilfosfati ---- citrulini + Pi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> Sardovanas ciklSi orniTintranskarbamoilaza akatalizebs Semdeg reaqcias:
\\\ arginini + H2O ---- Sardovana + orniTini<br />
\\\ argininsuqcinati ---- arginini + fumarati<br />
\\\ CO2 + NH4+ + 2ATP+ H2O ---- karbamoilfosfati + 2ADP+ Pi<br />
\\ orniTini + karbamoilfosfati ---- citrulini + Pi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> CamoTvlilTagan <strong>romeli</strong> aRwers yvelaze kargad polipeptid<strong>is</strong> alfa–<br />
spiralur ubans?<br />
\\\ marcxniv mbrunavia, 5,4 aminomJavaa xveulze<br />
\\\ marcxniv mbrunavia, 6,5 aminomJavaa xveulze<br />
\\ marjvniv mbrunavia, 3,6 aminomJavaa xveulze<br />
\\\ marjvniv mbrunavia, 7,0 aminomJavaa xveulze<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel reaqcias akatalizebs fermenti argininsuqcinatsinTetaza?<br />
\\ citrulini + aspartati + ATP ---- argininsuqcinati<br />
\\\ arginini + H2O ---- Sardovana + orniTini<br />
\\\ argininsuqcinati ---- arginini + fumarati<br />
\\\ CO2 + NH4+ + 2ATP+ H2O ---- karbamoilfosfati + 2ADP+ Pi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel reaqcias akatalizebs fermenti argin<strong>is</strong>uqcinatliaza?<br />
\\\ citrulini + aspartati ---- argininsuqcinati<br />
\\\ arginini + H2O ---- Sardovana + orniTini<br />
\\ argininsuqcinati ---- arginini + fumarati<br />
\\\ orniTini + karbamoilfosfati ---- citrulini + Pi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel reaqcias akatalizebs fermenti arginaza?<br />
\\ arginini + H2O ---- Sardovana + orniTini<br />
\\\ argininsuqcinati ---- arginini + fumarati<br />
\\\ CO2 + NH4+ + 2ATP+ H2O ---- karbamoilfosfati + 2ADP+ Pi<br />
\\\ orniTini + karbamoilfosfati ---- citrulini + Pi
<strong>\\\\</strong> karbamoilfosfatsinTetaza I-<strong>is</strong> alosteruli aqtivatoria:<br />
\\\ AMP<br />
\\\ ATP<br />
\\ N-acetilglutamati<br />
\\\ Sardovana<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> Sardovanas cikl<strong>is</strong> romel ferments esaWiroeba ATP-<strong>is</strong> energia?<br />
\\\ arginazas<br />
\\\ argininsuqcinatliazas<br />
\\ argininsuqcinatsinTetazas<br />
\\\ yvela maTgans<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel aminomJavas ar gaaCnia asimetriuli naxSirbadatomi?<br />
\\\ valini<br />
\\ glicini<br />
\\\ serini<br />
\\\ alanini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> aminomJavas saxiT transportirdeba amoniumi kunTebidan RviZlSi?<br />
\\\ serin<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ c<strong>is</strong>tein<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ alanin<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ triftofan<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> Sardovanas biosinTez<strong>is</strong> maregulirebeli fermentia:<br />
\\\ karbamoilfosfatsinTetaza II (citoplazmuri)
\\ karbamoilfosfatsinTetaza I (mitoqondriuli)<br />
\\\ HMG CoA-reduqtaza<br />
\\\ citratliaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> fibriluri cileb<strong>is</strong> funqciaa:<br />
\\\ satransporto<br />
\\ struqturuli<br />
\\\ katalizuri<br />
\\\ damcvelobiTi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> rogori cilaa kolageni?<br />
\\\ nervuli qsovil<strong>is</strong> ZiriTadi cila;<br />
\\ fibriluri cila;<br />
\\\ sasignalo funqcii<strong>is</strong> Semsrulebeli cila;<br />
\\\ transporteri cila;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> aminomJavas Semcveloba aRwevs 33%-s kolagen<strong>is</strong> molekulaSi?<br />
\\ glicin<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ valin<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ asparagin<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ glutamin<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> vitamini monawileobs prolin<strong>is</strong> hidroqsilirebaSi?<br />
\\\ B2<br />
\\\ D<br />
\\\ K<br />
\\ C
<strong>\\\\</strong> elastiniT mdidari qsovilebia:<br />
\\\ Zvali<br />
\\\ Tval<strong>is</strong> broli<br />
\\ filtv<strong>is</strong> qsovili da kani<br />
\\\ Tma da frCxilebi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ramdeni polipeptiduri jaWv<strong>is</strong>agan Sedgeba elastini?<br />
\\ 1<br />
\\\ 2<br />
\\\ 3<br />
\\\ 4<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> Tanmimdevroba Seesabameba peptiduri jaWv<strong>is</strong> atomeb<strong>is</strong><br />
Tanmimdevrobas peptid<strong>is</strong> ConCxSi?<br />
\\ -N-C-C-N-C-C-N-C-C<br />
\\\ -N-C-O-N-C-O-N-C-O-<br />
\\\ -N-C-C-O-N-C-C-O-N-C-C-O-<br />
\\\ -N-H-C-C-N-H-C-C-N-H-C-C-<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> gansakuTrebuli aminomJava gvxvdeba mxolod elastin<strong>is</strong><br />
SemadgenlobaSi?<br />
\\\ h<strong>is</strong>tidini<br />
\\\ asparagini<br />
\\ desmozini<br />
\\\ valini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> pepsin<strong>is</strong> substratia:<br />
\\\ saxamebeli<br />
\\ cila
\\\ lipidebi<br />
\\\ glikogeni<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> tripsin<strong>is</strong> substratia:<br />
\\\ qolesterol<strong>is</strong> eTerebi<br />
\\ cilebi<br />
\\\ saxamebeli<br />
\\\ glikogeni<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel aminomJavas SeuZlia cil<strong>is</strong> molekulaSi d<strong>is</strong>ulfiduri xidakeb<strong>is</strong><br />
warmoqmna?<br />
\\\ alanini<br />
\\ c<strong>is</strong>teini<br />
\\\ valini<br />
\\\ fenilanini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> cil<strong>is</strong> molekula Sedgeba erTi polipeptiduri jaWv<strong>is</strong>agan?<br />
\\\ hemoglobin<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ mioglobin<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ insulin<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ kolageni<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> cileb<strong>is</strong> foldingi gul<strong>is</strong>xmobs:<br />
\\\ peptiduri bmeb<strong>is</strong> warmoqmnas;<br />
\\ cil<strong>is</strong> mesameuli struqtur<strong>is</strong> formirebas;<br />
\\\ alfa-spiral<strong>is</strong> formirebas;<br />
\\\ beta-struqtur<strong>is</strong> formireba;
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> bmebi ar monawileoben cil<strong>is</strong> mesameuli struqtur<strong>is</strong> formirebaSi?<br />
\\\ wyalbaduri<br />
\\\ hidrofoburi bmebi<br />
\\\ kovalenturi<br />
\\ peptiduri<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> ganmartebaa globuluri cileb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> damaxasiaTebeli?<br />
\\\ hidrofiluri aminomJavebi ganTavsebulni arian SigniT;<br />
\\\ hidrofoburi aminomJavebi ganTavsebulni arian gareT;<br />
\\ mesameuli struqtura yalibdeba aminomJavebs Sor<strong>is</strong> hidrofoburi da<br />
eleqtrostatikuri urTierTqmedebebiT da wyalbaduri bmeb<strong>is</strong> warmoqmniT;<br />
\\\ cileb<strong>is</strong> rigiduli konformaci<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> saWiro ar ar<strong>is</strong> kovalenturi<br />
d<strong>is</strong>ulfiduri bmebi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> alchaimeriT daavadebuli pacienteb<strong>is</strong> autopsi<strong>is</strong> masala aCvenebs cil<strong>is</strong><br />
agregateb<strong>is</strong> grovas tvin<strong>is</strong> qsovilSi. <strong>romeli</strong> struqturuli Tv<strong>is</strong>eba iqneba<br />
damaxasiaTebeli am grov<strong>is</strong> cileb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>?<br />
\\ nakecfenovani β-struqtur<strong>is</strong> maRali Semcveloba;<br />
\\\ alfa-spiraluri struqtur<strong>is</strong> maRali Semcveloba;<br />
\\\ uwesrigo xveuleb<strong>is</strong> maRali Semcveloba;<br />
\\\ d<strong>is</strong>ulfiduri bmebi polipeptidur jaWvebs Sor<strong>is</strong>;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> <strong>debulebaa</strong> mcdari transmembranuli cileb<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>?<br />
\\\ transmembranuli cileb<strong>is</strong> domeinebi membran<strong>is</strong> orive mxarezea<br />
lokalizebuli;<br />
\\\ transmembranuli cilebi integraluria;<br />
\\ am cileb<strong>is</strong> hidrofiluri aminomJavebi dakavSirebulni arian membran<strong>is</strong><br />
lipidebTan;<br />
\\\ aseTi cileb<strong>is</strong> aminomJavebi membran<strong>is</strong> zedapirze qmnian maryuJebs<br />
(hormondamakavSirebel saits);<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra ar axasiaTebs beta-struqturas?<br />
\\\ garmoniviT dakecili forma, roml<strong>is</strong> Semadgeneli jaWveb<strong>is</strong> mimarTuleba<br />
SeiZleba iyos rogorc paraleluri, <strong>is</strong>e antiparaleluri;<br />
\\\ jaWvTaSor<strong>is</strong>i wyalbaduri bmebi;<br />
\\ stabilizaci<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> aucilebeli jaWvTaSor<strong>is</strong>i d<strong>is</strong>ulfiduri xidakeb<strong>is</strong><br />
arseboba;<br />
\\\ am struqtur<strong>is</strong> Semcvelob<strong>is</strong> gazrdiT cileb<strong>is</strong> hidrofoburoba izrdeba,<br />
riTac aixsneba PrPcs-<strong>is</strong> agregateb<strong>is</strong> warmoqmna prion-ciliT gamowveuli<br />
encefalopaTieb<strong>is</strong> dros<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong>a gogirdSemcveli aminomJava?
\\\ valini<br />
\\\ glicini<br />
\\\ leicini<br />
\\ c<strong>is</strong>teini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong>a gogirdSemcveli aminomJava?<br />
\\ meTionini<br />
\\\ izoleicini<br />
\\\ aspartati<br />
\\\ h<strong>is</strong>tidini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong>a hidrofoburi aminomJava?<br />
\\\ aspartati<br />
\\\ asparagini<br />
\\ fenilalanini<br />
\\\ glutamini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> polarul (dadebiTad damuxtul) aminomJavebs miekuTvneba:<br />
\\ lizini<br />
\\\ leicini<br />
\\\ valini<br />
\\\ serini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> hidrofobur aminomJavebs miekuTvneba:<br />
\\ leicini<br />
\\\ serini<br />
\\\ Tirozini<br />
\\\ asparagini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> qvemoT CamoTvlili aminomJavebidan <strong>romeli</strong> miiReba posttranslaciuri<br />
modifikaciiT?<br />
\\\ lizini<br />
\\ hidroqsilizini<br />
\\\ aspartati<br />
\\\ alanini
<strong>\\\\</strong> qvemoT CamoTvlili aminomJavebidan <strong>romeli</strong> miiReba posttranslaciuri<br />
modifikaciiT?<br />
\\\ lizini<br />
\\ hidroqsiprolini<br />
\\\ meTionini<br />
\\\ tirozini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> uaryofiTad damuxtul aminomJavebs miekuTvneba:<br />
\\\ alanini<br />
\\ glutamati<br />
\\\ prolini<br />
\\\ meTionini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> cilas aqvs erTi transmembranuli domeini, <strong>romeli</strong>c mTlianad alfaspiralia.<br />
CamoTvlilTagan <strong>romeli</strong> aminomJavaa mosalodneli am<br />
transmembranul domeinSi?<br />
\\\ glutamati<br />
\\\ lizini<br />
\\ leicini<br />
\\\ arginini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> reaqcia mimdinareobs Sardovanas biosinTez<strong>is</strong> dros?<br />
\\\ karbamoil-fosfati + citrulini ---- orniTini<br />
\\ aspartati + citrulini + ATP ---- argininosuqcinati + AMP+PPi<br />
\\\ argininosuqcinati ---- aspartati + arginini<br />
\\\ CO2+NH4+ 2ADP ---- arginini+Sardovana<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra cvlilebebi viTardeba namgl<strong>is</strong>ebri anemi<strong>is</strong> dros?<br />
\\\ hemoglobin<strong>is</strong> struqturaSi aranairi cvlileba ar xdeba;<br />
\\ beta-jaWvSi me-6 aminomJava glutamati Secvlilia valiniT;<br />
\\\ eriTrocitebs aqvs sferos forma;<br />
\\\ jaWvSi Secvlilia 3 alfa aminomJava;
<strong>\\\\</strong> saWml<strong>is</strong> momnelebeli <strong>romeli</strong> fermenti avlens aqtiurobas kuWSi dabali pH<br />
pirobebSi?<br />
\\\ tripsini<br />
\\\ alfa-amilaza<br />
\\\ qimotripsini<br />
\\ pepsini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra process aregulirebs karbamoilfosfatsinTetaza I ?<br />
\\\ krebs<strong>is</strong> trikarboqsilur mJavaTa cikls;<br />
\\\ cximovanmJaveb<strong>is</strong> beta-oqsidacias;<br />
\\ Sardovanas cikls;<br />
\\\ glukoneogenezs;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glutamat<strong>is</strong> oqsidaciuri deaminireba ATP-s miReb<strong>is</strong> saSualebas iZleva.<br />
Sesabam<strong>is</strong>ad, glutamatdehidrogenazas alosteruli aqtivatorebi am procesSi<br />
arian:<br />
\\\ ATP; GTP<br />
\\ ADP; GDP<br />
\\\ CTP; CDP<br />
\\\ UTP; UDP<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> aminomJava iTvleba amonium<strong>is</strong> mTavar gadamtanad?<br />
\\\ Treonini<br />
\\\ arginini<br />
\\\ lizini<br />
\\ glutamini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glutaminsinTetazas substratebia:
\\ glutamati da amoniumi<br />
\\\ glutamini da wyali<br />
\\\ aspartati da amoniumi<br />
\\\ asparagini da wyali<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> fiziologiuri an paTologiuri mdgomareob<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> ar ar<strong>is</strong><br />
damaxasiaTebelikunT<strong>is</strong> cileb<strong>is</strong> masiuri daSla?<br />
\\\ SimSilob<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ damwvrob<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ orsulob<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ septicemi<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> qsovili warmoadgens Tav<strong>is</strong>ufali aminomJaveb<strong>is</strong> wyaros?<br />
\\\ nervuli<br />
\\ kunTovani<br />
\\\ Zvlovani<br />
\\\ epiTeluri<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> CamoTvlilTagan <strong>romeli</strong> naerTi aregulirebs Sardovanas sinTezs<br />
alosteriuli gziT?<br />
\\ N-acetilglutamati<br />
\\\ ATP<br />
\\\ NAD<br />
\\\ FAD<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> Sardovanas cikl<strong>is</strong> <strong>fermentebi</strong>s deficit<strong>is</strong>as mkurnalob<strong>is</strong> rogor taqtikas<br />
airCevdiT?<br />
\\\ sakveb racionSi cileb<strong>is</strong> raodenob<strong>is</strong> gazrdas
\\\ sakveb racionSi lipideb<strong>is</strong> raodenob<strong>is</strong> gazrdas<br />
\\\ sakveb racionSi naxSirwyleb<strong>is</strong> raodenob<strong>is</strong> Semcirebas<br />
\\ sakveb racionSi cileb<strong>is</strong> SezRudvas<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> CamoTvlilTagan <strong>romeli</strong>a zimogeni?<br />
\\\ amilaza<br />
\\ pepsinogeni<br />
\\\ tripsini<br />
\\\ lipaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> pankreas<strong>is</strong> <strong>fermentebi</strong>dan <strong>romeli</strong>a cileb<strong>is</strong> momnelebeli?<br />
\\ tripsini<br />
\\\ amilaza<br />
\\\ lipaza<br />
\\\ lipidesTeraza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> naerTi miiReba amonium<strong>is</strong> detoqsikaci<strong>is</strong> Sedegad ZuZumwovarTa<br />
organizmSi?<br />
\\ Sardovana<br />
\\\ SardmJava<br />
\\\ kreatini<br />
\\\ naRvl<strong>is</strong> mJava<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> fermenti ar monawileobs Sardovanas ciklSi?<br />
\\\ arginaza<br />
\\\ argininosuqcinatliaza<br />
\\ gliceraldehidfosfatdehidrogenaza<br />
\\\ karbamoilfosfatsinTetaza
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel debulebas eTanxmebiT kolagenSi ganivi kovalenturi bmeb<strong>is</strong> warmoqmn<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>Sesaxeb</strong>?<br />
\\\ es procesi mimdinareobs peptiduri jaWv<strong>is</strong> sinTez<strong>is</strong> dros<br />
\\\ saWiroebs hidroqsiprolins<br />
\\\ yalibdeba glicin<strong>is</strong> naSTebiT<br />
\\ moiTxovs lizin<strong>is</strong> zogierTi efsilon-aminojguf<strong>is</strong> gardaqmnas aldehidad<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> <strong>debulebaa</strong> WeSmariti glutamatdehidrogenazas <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>?<br />
\\\ monawileobs aminomJaveb<strong>is</strong> dekarboqsileb<strong>is</strong> reaqciebSi<br />
\\\ koferment<strong>is</strong> saxiT saWiroebs FAD-s<br />
\\ CarTavs da gamoaTav<strong>is</strong>uflebs amoniums<br />
\\\ ar eqvemdebareba alosterul regulacias<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> <strong>debulebaa</strong> <strong>swori</strong> glutamatdehidrogenazuli reaqciiT amonium<strong>is</strong><br />
warmoqmnasTan dakavSirebiT?<br />
\\\ saWiroebs NADH-s an NADPH-s<br />
\\\ mimdinareobs Sif<strong>is</strong> fuZ<strong>is</strong> intermediat<strong>is</strong> warmoqmniT<br />
\\ SesaZloa Sebrundes amonium<strong>is</strong> moxmareb<strong>is</strong> mimarTulebiT<br />
\\\ inhibirdeba, roca aqtiurdeba glukoneogenezi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong>a esenciuri aminomJava?<br />
\\ leicini<br />
\\\ alanini<br />
\\\ c<strong>is</strong>teini<br />
\\\ serini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> oqsaloacetati + glutamati ---------- X + Y
warmodgenil reaqciaSi <strong>romeli</strong>X da Y produqtebi miiReba?<br />
\\\ alanini, alfa-ketoglutarati<br />
\\\ glutamati, alfa-ketoglutarati<br />
\\ aspartati, alfa-ketoglutarati<br />
\\\ piruvati, aspartati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ipoveT <strong>swori</strong> pasuxi Sardovanas cikl<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>:<br />
\\\ SardovanaSi CarTuli azot<strong>is</strong> 2 atomi mowodebulia amonium<strong>is</strong>a da<br />
alanin<strong>is</strong>agan<br />
\\\ Sardovana warmoiqmneba orniTin<strong>is</strong> pirdapiri hidroliziT<br />
\\\ ATP ixarjeba argininsuqcinatliazur reaqciaSi<br />
\\ ciliT mdidari sakveb<strong>is</strong> miReb<strong>is</strong> Semdeg Sardovanas raodenoba izrdeba<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> amoarCieT Tirkml<strong>is</strong> glutaminazas <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> <strong>swori</strong> debuleba:<br />
\\\ es fermenti akatalizebs asparagin<strong>is</strong> daSlas;<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong>i moqmedebiT warmoiqmneba glutamini;<br />
\\ glutaminazur reaqcaSi warmoqmnili amiak<strong>is</strong> es rezervi TirkmlebSi acidoziT<br />
gamowveuli mJave naerTeb<strong>is</strong> gasaneitraleblad gamoiyeneba;<br />
\\\ es fermenti monawileobs ureagenezSi;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> aminomJava ar monawileobs transaminireb<strong>is</strong> reaqciebSi?<br />
\\\ glutamati<br />
\\\ alanini<br />
\\ lizini<br />
\\\ aspartati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong>a glutamatdehidrogenazas alosteruli aqtivatorebi glutamat<strong>is</strong><br />
daSl<strong>is</strong> reaqciaSi?<br />
\\ ADP da GDP
\\\ ATP da GTP<br />
\\\ UTP da ATP<br />
\\\ GMP da CTP<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> glutaminazas <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> mcdari <strong>debulebaa</strong>:<br />
\\\ igi akatalizebs amiduri jguf<strong>is</strong> mocilebas glutaminidan<br />
\\\ mas aqvs qsovilspecifikuri izozimebi<br />
\\ igi uzrunvelyofs glutamatidan glutamin<strong>is</strong> miRebas<br />
\\\ igi monawileobs ujredSor<strong>is</strong> ,,glutamin<strong>is</strong> ciklSi”<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel ujredebs aqvs dakarguli asparagin<strong>is</strong> sinTez<strong>is</strong> unari?<br />
\\\ kunTovan<br />
\\ leikemiur<br />
\\\ RviZl<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ Tirkml<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ZiriTadad ra ganapirobebs amiloiduri boWkoeb<strong>is</strong> warmoqmnas Tav<strong>is</strong> tvinSi<br />
prionuli daavadebeb<strong>is</strong> SemTxvevaSi?<br />
\\\ PrP–<strong>is</strong> pirveladi struqtur<strong>is</strong> darRveva<br />
\\\ PrP–<strong>is</strong> jamuri muxt<strong>is</strong> gazrda<br />
\\\ PrP–<strong>is</strong> damokleba<br />
\\ PrP–<strong>is</strong> hidrofilurob<strong>is</strong> hidrofoburobiT Secvla<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> riTi SeiZleba iyos gamowveuli prionuli cileb<strong>is</strong> normaluri konformaci<strong>is</strong><br />
gardaqmna toqsikur konformaciad.<br />
\\ ori alfa–spiraluri nawil<strong>is</strong> gardaqmniT beta–jaWvur konformaciad<br />
\\\ beta–jaWvur konformaci<strong>is</strong> alfa–spiralad transformaciiT<br />
\\\ maTi konformaci<strong>is</strong> gardaqmniT poliprolin II tip<strong>is</strong> spiralad
\\\ d<strong>is</strong>ulfiduri bmeb<strong>is</strong> gawyvetiT<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> cil<strong>is</strong> foldingTan dakavSirebiT ar ar<strong>is</strong> <strong>swori</strong>:<br />
\\ cil<strong>is</strong> foldingi ar ar<strong>is</strong> damokidebuli pirvelad struqturaze<br />
\\\ ujredebi Seicaven folding<strong>is</strong> xelSemwyob cilebs<br />
\\\ gamlRvali globul<strong>is</strong> mdgomareobaSi meoreuli struqtur<strong>is</strong> elementebi<br />
gadaadgildebian erTmaneT<strong>is</strong> mimarT<br />
\\\ Saperoninebi saWiroeben ATP-<strong>is</strong> energias.<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> cil<strong>is</strong> foldingTan dakavSirebiT mcdari mosazrebaa:<br />
\\\ cil<strong>is</strong> foldingi natiur konformaciad ganpirobebulia pirveladi struqturiT<br />
\\ iniciaci<strong>is</strong> saitebi warmoadgenen polipeptiduri jaWv<strong>is</strong> sworxazovan, x<strong>is</strong>t<br />
ubnebs<br />
\\\ Saperonebi xels uwyoben cil<strong>is</strong> foldings<br />
\\\ Saperoninebi saWiroeben ATP-<strong>is</strong> energias<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> cil<strong>is</strong> folding<strong>is</strong> procesSi gadamwyveti roli aqvs:<br />
\\\ cil<strong>is</strong> jamur muxts<br />
\\ arakovalentur Zalebs<br />
\\\ molekulur wonas<br />
\\\ polipeptidur sigrZes<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> kavSirebi ar warmoiqmneba cil<strong>is</strong> folding<strong>is</strong> procesSi?<br />
\\ peptiduri bmebi<br />
\\\ wyalbaduri bmebi<br />
\\\ hidrofoburi urTierTqmedebebi<br />
\\\ eleqtrostatikuri urTierTqmedebebi
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> aminomJavaa mosalodneli cil<strong>is</strong> transmembranul domeinSi<br />
\\\ prolini<br />
\\\ glutamati<br />
\\\ lizini<br />
\\ valini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> aminomJavaa ufro mosalodneli globuluri cileb<strong>is</strong> zedapirze?<br />
\\ aspartati<br />
\\\ leicini<br />
\\\ valini<br />
\\\ fenilalanini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> aspartat<strong>is</strong> jamuri muxti pH 7.4-ze ar<strong>is</strong> :<br />
\\ -1<br />
\\\ -2<br />
\\\ +2<br />
\\\ +1<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> lizin<strong>is</strong> jamuri muxti pH 7.4-ze ar<strong>is</strong> :<br />
\\\ -1<br />
\\\ -2<br />
\\\ +2<br />
\\ +1<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> cil<strong>is</strong> mesameuli struqtura gul<strong>is</strong>xmobs:<br />
\\\ aminomJavaTa Tanmimdevrobas<br />
\\ cil<strong>is</strong> sivrciT konformacias
\\\ suberTeulTa asociacias<br />
\\\ regularuli struqtureb<strong>is</strong> tips<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> cil<strong>is</strong> meoreuli struqtur<strong>is</strong> warmoqmnaSi gadamwyveti roli eniWeba:<br />
\\\ d<strong>is</strong>ulfidur bmebs<br />
\\ wyalbadur bmebs<br />
\\\ eleqtrostatikur Zalebs<br />
\\\ hidrofobur urTierTobebs<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> cil<strong>is</strong> meoTxeuli struqtura gul<strong>is</strong>xmobs:<br />
\\\ aminomJavaTa Tanmimdevrobas<br />
\\\ struqturul motivebs<br />
\\ suberTeulTa asociacias<br />
\\\ d<strong>is</strong>ulfiduri xidakeb<strong>is</strong> ganlagebas<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> Tu garkveuli aminomJava xSirad gvxvdeba sxvadasxva saxeobeb<strong>is</strong> erTnairi<br />
cileb<strong>is</strong> erTi da igive poziciaSi, <strong>is</strong> ar<strong>is</strong>:<br />
\\\ variabeluri aminomJava<br />
\\\ dadebiTad damuxtuli aminomJava<br />
\\\ uaryofiTad damuxtuli aminomJava<br />
\\ invariantuli aminomJava<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> HbS-Tan dakavSirebiT <strong>swori</strong>a:<br />
\\\ HbS-forma warmoiqmneba HbA1-Si konservatuli CanacvlebiT<br />
\\\ HbS-Si polaruli aminomJava Canacvlebulia sxva polaruli aminomJavaTi<br />
\\ HbS-<strong>is</strong> precipitacia ganpirobebulia HbA1-Tan SedarebiT m<strong>is</strong>i hidrofoburob<strong>is</strong><br />
gazrdiT<br />
\\\ HbS Sedgeba 2alfa da 2gama jaWv<strong>is</strong>agan
<strong>\\\\</strong> insulinTan dakavSirebiT ar ar<strong>is</strong> <strong>swori</strong>:<br />
\\\ proinsulini warmoadgens erT polipeptidur jaWvs<br />
\\\ proinsulinSic da insulinSic 3 d<strong>is</strong>ulfiduri bmaa.<br />
\\\ insulinSi 2 polipeptiduri jaWvia.<br />
\\ adamian<strong>is</strong> da Ror<strong>is</strong> insulineb<strong>is</strong> msgavseba ganpirobebulia aminomJavaTa<br />
TanmimdevrobaSi cvlilebeb<strong>is</strong> arakonservatulobiT.<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> cileb<strong>is</strong> aqtivob<strong>is</strong> pH-ze damokidebuleba ganpirobebulia:<br />
\\ masSi mJava da fuZe jgufeb<strong>is</strong> arsebobiT<br />
\\\ peptiduri bmebiT<br />
\\\ hidrofoburobiT<br />
\\\ optikuri aqtivobiT<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> proces<strong>is</strong> darRveva SeiZleba gamoiwvios kolagen<strong>is</strong> struqtur<strong>is</strong><br />
Camoyalibeb<strong>is</strong>as glicin<strong>is</strong> sxva aminomJavaTi Canacvlebam?<br />
\\\ intrajaWvuri wyalbaduri bmeb<strong>is</strong> warmoqmn<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ d<strong>is</strong>ulfiduri bmeb<strong>is</strong> warmoqmn<strong>is</strong><br />
\\ sammagi spiral<strong>is</strong> warmoqmn<strong>is</strong><br />
\\\ ganivi kovalenturi bmeb<strong>is</strong> warmoqmn<strong>is</strong><br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> CamoTvlilTagan <strong>romeli</strong> ar miekuTvneba fibrilur cilebs?<br />
\\\ kolageni<br />
\\\ tropomiozini<br />
\\ hemoglobini<br />
\\\ elastini
<strong>\\\\</strong> kolagen<strong>is</strong> spiral<strong>is</strong> CamoyalibebaSi romel aminomJavebs ak<strong>is</strong>ria ZiriTadi<br />
roli?<br />
\\\ alanins da fenilalanins<br />
\\ prolins da glicins<br />
\\\ tirozins da valins<br />
\\\ arginins da glutamins<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> aminomJavebia damaxasiaTebeli elastin<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong>?<br />
\\\ leicini da izoleicini<br />
\\\ alanini da fenilalanini<br />
\\ desmozini da izodesmozini<br />
\\\ asparagini da asparaginmJava<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> aminomJaveb<strong>is</strong> rogori ganawilebaa keratin<strong>is</strong> SvidnaSTian tandemur<br />
ganmeorebaSi?<br />
\\\ pirveli da meoTxe aminomJava hidrofoburia, xolo mexuTe da meSvidepolaruli<br />
\\ pirveli da meoTxe aminomJava polarulia, xolo mexuTe da meSvidehidrofoburi<br />
\\\ pirveli da mexuTe aminomJava hidrofoburia, xolo meoTxe da meSvidepolaruli<br />
\\\ pirveli da meSvide aminomJava hidrofoburia, xolo meoTxe da mexuTe –<br />
polaruli.<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra rols asruleben Saperonebi?<br />
\\\ xels uwyoben cileb<strong>is</strong> agregacias wylian garemoSi, riTac cvlian folding<strong>is</strong><br />
saboloo gamosavals.<br />
\\ icaven cilas agregaci<strong>is</strong>agan, sanam moxdeba sruli jaWv<strong>is</strong> sinTezi da daiwyeba<br />
foldingi<br />
\\\ monawileoben cileb<strong>is</strong>, cximeb<strong>is</strong>a da naxSirwyleb<strong>is</strong> moneleb<strong>is</strong> procesSi
\\\ ganapirobeben prolin<strong>is</strong> hidroqsiprolinad gardaqmnas.<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> Tv<strong>is</strong>eba ar axasiaTebs fibrilur cilebs?<br />
\\\ meoreuli struqtur<strong>is</strong> didi raodenoba<br />
\\ wyalSi kargi xsnadoba<br />
\\\ wagrZelebuli, Zaf<strong>is</strong>eburi forma<br />
\\\ struqturuli funqcia<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel qsovilSi gvxvdeba kolageni yvelaze maRali procentuli<br />
SemcvelobiT?<br />
\\ kanSi<br />
\\\ RviZlSi<br />
\\\ filtvebSi<br />
\\\ ZvalSi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> warmoebuli aminomJava gvxvdeba kolagenSi?<br />
\\\ c<strong>is</strong>teini<br />
\\\ desmozini<br />
\\\ izodesmozini<br />
\\ hidroqsiprolini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> aminomJava ganapirobebs jaWvTaSor<strong>is</strong> hidrofobur urTierTqmedebebs<br />
kolagen<strong>is</strong> superspiralur struqturaSi?<br />
\\\ prolini<br />
\\\ alanini<br />
\\ glicini<br />
\\\ h<strong>is</strong>tidini
<strong>\\\\</strong> ramdeni polipeptiduri jaWv<strong>is</strong>agan Sedgeba kolagen<strong>is</strong> (tropokolagen<strong>is</strong>)<br />
molekula?<br />
\\\ 1<br />
\\ 3<br />
\\\ 4<br />
\\\ 20<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> aminomJava Warbobs kolagenSi?<br />
\\\ meTionini<br />
\\ prolini<br />
\\\ triptofani<br />
\\\ valini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ramdeni polipeptiduri jaWv<strong>is</strong>agan Sedgeba alfa–keratini?<br />
\\\ 1<br />
\\\ 5<br />
\\\ 7<br />
\\ 3<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> kolagen<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> amoarCieT ara<strong>swori</strong> debuleba:<br />
\\\ kolagens aqvs sammagi superspiraluri struqtura<br />
\\ kolagen<strong>is</strong> spiralizebuli jaWveb<strong>is</strong> SigniT warmoiqmneba wyalbaduri bmebi<br />
\\\ superspiral<strong>is</strong> warmoqmnaSi glicini mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs hidrofoburi<br />
kideeb<strong>is</strong> warmoqmn<strong>is</strong> gamo.<br />
\\\ kolagen<strong>is</strong> spiralizebul jaWvebs Sor<strong>is</strong> warmoiqmneba wyalbaduri bmebi.<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> elastin<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> mcdari <strong>debulebaa</strong>:<br />
\\ elastins regularuli daxveuli struqtura aqvs.
\\\ elastini qsovilebs aZlevs gaWimv<strong>is</strong> unars gawyvet<strong>is</strong> gareSe.<br />
\\\ elastini fibriluri cilaa.<br />
\\\ desmozini kovalenturad gardi-gardmo kravs elastin<strong>is</strong> polipeptidur<br />
jaWvebs.<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra axasiaTebs fibrilur cilebs?<br />
\\ wyalSi cudi xsnadoba.<br />
\\\ sferuli forma<br />
\\\ dinamikuri funqcia<br />
\\\ katalizuri aqtivoba<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> elastin<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> ara<strong>swori</strong>a:<br />
\\\ elastinSi gvxvdeba warmoebuli aminomJavebi, romelTaganc aRsaniSnavia<br />
desmozini da izodesmozini<br />
\\\ elastini qsovileba aniWebs drekadobas gawyvet<strong>is</strong> gareSe<br />
\\ mas gaaCnia regularuli meoreuli struqtura<br />
\\\ elastini didi raodenobiT gvxvdeba kanSi, saylapavSi, myesebSi, filtvebSi da<br />
sxv.<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra ar axasiaTebs keratin<strong>is</strong> struqturas?<br />
\\\ polipeptiduri jaWveb<strong>is</strong> alfa-spiraluri konformacia<br />
\\ prolin<strong>is</strong>a da hidroqsiprolin<strong>is</strong> didi raodenoba<br />
\\\ 2 an 3 polipeptiduri jaWv<strong>is</strong>agan Camoyalibebuli superspiraluri struqtura<br />
\\\ 7 aminomJavuri naST<strong>is</strong>agan Semdgari ganmeorebadi segmentebi<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> amoarCieT Tirkml<strong>is</strong> glutaminazas <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> <strong>swori</strong> debuleba:<br />
\\\ es fermenti akatalizebs asparagin<strong>is</strong> daSlas;<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong>i moqmedebiT warmoiqmneba glutamini;
\\ igi gvxvdeba RviZlsa da TirkmelebSi<br />
\\\ es fermenti monawileobs ureagenezSi;<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> Sardovanas cikl<strong>is</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> fermenti regulirdeba alosteruli efeqtoriT?<br />
\\\ arginaza<br />
\\\ argininsuqcinatliaza<br />
\\ karbamoilfosfatsinTetaza I<br />
\\\ orniTinkarbamoiltransferaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> aminomJavebiT warmoiqmneba desmozini?<br />
\\ allizineb<strong>is</strong>a da lizin<strong>is</strong> urTierTqmedebiT<br />
\\\ allizineb<strong>is</strong>a da arginin<strong>is</strong> urTierTqmedebiT<br />
\\\ allizineb<strong>is</strong>a da aspartat<strong>is</strong> urTierTqmedebiT<br />
\\\ allizineb<strong>is</strong>a da alanin<strong>is</strong> urTierTqmedebiT<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel peptidur bmebze moqmedebs pepsini?<br />
\\\ hidrofiluri aminomJavebiT warmoqmnil<br />
\\\ damuxtuli aminomJavebiT warmoqmnil<br />
\\ hidrofoburi da aromatuli aminomJavebiT warmoqmnil<br />
\\\ yvela sax<strong>is</strong> aminomJavebiT warmoqmnil<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel peptidur bmebze moqmedebs tripsini?<br />
\\\ hidrofiluri aminomJavebiT warmoqmnil<br />
\\\ damuxtuli aminomJavebiT warmoqmnil<br />
\\ hidrofoburi da aromatuli aminomJavebiT warmoqmnil<br />
\\\ yvela sax<strong>is</strong> aminomJavebiT warmoqmnil<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> vitamini monawileobs kolagen<strong>is</strong> biosinTezSi?
\\\ D<br />
\\\ B1<br />
\\\ B2<br />
\\ C<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> qvemoT CamoTvlili cilebidan <strong>romeli</strong>a glikoproteini?<br />
\\\ hemoglobini<br />
\\\ insulini<br />
\\ kolageni<br />
\\\ keratini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> qvemoT CamoTvlili naerTebidan <strong>romeli</strong> ar warmoadgens Sardovanas cikl<strong>is</strong><br />
intermediats?<br />
\\\ arginini<br />
\\\ citrulini<br />
\\ glutamini<br />
\\\ orniTini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> aminomJavebi akavSireben Sardovanas cikls krebs<strong>is</strong> ciklTan?<br />
\\\ citrati, izocitrati<br />
\\ fumarati, aspartati<br />
\\\ oqsaloacetati, malati<br />
\\\ suqcinati, malati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> qvemoT CamoTvlili aminomJavebidan <strong>romeli</strong>a ketogenuri?<br />
\\\ alanini<br />
\\\ c<strong>is</strong>teini
\\ lizini<br />
\\\ arginini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> qvemoT CamoTvlili aminomJavebidan <strong>romeli</strong>a ketogenuri?<br />
\\\ tirozini<br />
\\\ c<strong>is</strong>teini<br />
\\ leicini<br />
\\\ asparagini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> pankreasul peptidazebs ar miekuTvneba:<br />
\\\ tripsini<br />
\\\ qimotripsini<br />
\\ aminopeptidaza<br />
\\\ elastaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> cileb<strong>is</strong> momnelebeli pankreasuli <strong>fermentebi</strong>dan romels aaqtivebs<br />
enterokinaza?<br />
\\ tripsini<br />
\\\ qimotripsini<br />
\\\ karboqsipeptidaza<br />
\\\ elastaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel vitamins Seicavs piridoqsalfosfati?<br />
\\\ B1<br />
\\\ B2<br />
\\\ B3<br />
\\ B6
<strong>\\\\</strong> pankreas<strong>is</strong> wven<strong>is</strong> <strong>fermentebi</strong>dan <strong>romeli</strong> ar monawileobs cileb<strong>is</strong> monelebaSi?<br />
\\\ tripsini<br />
\\\ qimotripsini<br />
\\ amilaza<br />
\\\ elastaza<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> ketomJavaa aminojgufeb<strong>is</strong> ZiriTadi aqceptori aminomJaveb<strong>is</strong><br />
deaminireb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>?<br />
\\ alfa-ketoglutarati<br />
\\\ oqsaloacetati<br />
\\\ piruvati<br />
\\\ adipinmJava<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> aminomJava ar monawileobs transaminireb<strong>is</strong> reaqciaSi?<br />
\\\ aspartati<br />
\\\ leicini<br />
\\ Treonini<br />
\\\ glutamati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> aminomJava ar monawileobs transaminireb<strong>is</strong> reaqciaSi?<br />
\\\ aspartati<br />
\\\ alanini<br />
\\ Treonini glutamati<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong>a glutamatdehidrogenazas kofermenti?<br />
\\ NAD<br />
\\\ FAD
\\\ TPP<br />
\\\ CoA<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> <strong>romeli</strong> aminomJavas dezaminireba uzrunvelyofs aminomJaveb<strong>is</strong> umetesob<strong>is</strong>agan<br />
amiak<strong>is</strong> Camocilebas?<br />
\\\ alanini<br />
\\ glutamati<br />
\\\ aspartati<br />
\\\ valini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> CamoTvlilTagan romel aminomJavas CasvamT sqemaSi: aminomJava ---<br />
piruvati --- acetilCoA<br />
\\ alanini da glutamini<br />
\\\ fenilalanini da c<strong>is</strong>teini<br />
\\\ serini da alanini<br />
\\\ prolini da lizini<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> CamoTvlilTagan <strong>romeli</strong> daavadeba ar miekuTvneba kolagen<strong>is</strong> ara<strong>swori</strong><br />
sinTeziT gamowveuls?<br />
\\\ elers-danlos<strong>is</strong> sindromi<br />
\\\ osteogenes<strong>is</strong> imperfecta<br />
\\ suravandi<br />
\\\ namgl<strong>is</strong>eburi anemia<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> CamoTvlil sindromTagan <strong>romeli</strong>a aminoaciduri<strong>is</strong> magaliTi?<br />
\\ fenilketonuria<br />
\\\ glukozuria<br />
\\\ ketonuria<br />
\\\ hematuria<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> romel aminoacidurias axasiaTebs c<strong>is</strong>tin<strong>is</strong>, fuZe aminomJaveb<strong>is</strong> da<br />
warmoebuli aminomJava orniTin<strong>is</strong> didi raodenobiT gamoyofa SardSi?<br />
\\\ fenilketonurias<br />
\\ c<strong>is</strong>tinurias<br />
\\\ alkaptonurias
\\\ fankon<strong>is</strong> sindroms<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> amoniumidan Sardovanas warmoqmn<strong>is</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> ar ar<strong>is</strong> <strong>swori</strong>:<br />
\\\ aspartati warmoadgens Sardovanas azot<strong>is</strong> erTerT wyaros<br />
\\ orniTintranskarboilaza akatalizebs siCqar<strong>is</strong> ganmsazRvrel safexurs<br />
\\\ es ar<strong>is</strong> energetikulad Zviri procesi, <strong>romeli</strong>c iyenebs ATP-s<br />
\\\ m<strong>is</strong>i intermediatebiT SesaZlebelia TCA ciklTan kavSiri<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> ra procesebia mosalodneli, rodesac aRiniSneba<br />
fenilalaninhidroqsilazas deficiti?<br />
\\\ mas cvl<strong>is</strong> tirozinhidroqsilaza da fenilalanin<strong>is</strong> done rCeba<br />
ucvleli<br />
\\ gamoiyofa fenilalanin<strong>is</strong> transaminirebiT miRebuli produqti<br />
\\\ fenilalanini katabolizdeba monoaminoqsidazas mier<br />
\\\ tirozini sinTezdeba sxva alternatiuli gziT<br />
<strong>\\\\</strong> kan<strong>is</strong>a da Tm<strong>is</strong> fer<strong>is</strong> kontroldeba mravali genetikuri lokusiT.<br />
Romeli ferment<strong>is</strong> genetikuri deficit aRiniSneba albinizm<strong>is</strong> dros?<br />
\\\ homogentizinoqsidazas<br />
\\\ tirozinaminotransferazas<br />
\\\ fenilalanin hidroqsilazas<br />
\\ tirozinazas
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