Relatóriu servisu iha kampu Timor-Leste 1-27 Juñu 2009
Relatóriu servisu iha kampu Timor-Leste 1-27 Juñu 2009
Relatóriu servisu iha kampu Timor-Leste 1-27 Juñu 2009
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
Relatorio serviso <strong>iha</strong> <strong>kampu</strong> <strong>Timor</strong> <strong>Leste</strong> 1-<strong>27</strong> <strong>Juñu</strong> <strong>2009</strong><br />
Prof. Sue O’Connor (Departamentu Arkeolojia no Istoria Natural)<br />
No Dr Andrew McWilliam (Departamentu Antropolojia)<br />
Eskola Peskija ba Pasifiko no Asia<br />
Universidade Nasional Australia<br />
CANBERRA ACT 0200<br />
AUSTRALIA<br />
Serviso <strong>iha</strong> <strong>kampu</strong> hetan fundus husi komponentu Konselu Peskija Australia. Mudansa<br />
Kultura no Ambiente ba period jeolojia ikus liu: evidensia ba mudansa Iklima?’<br />
Project Description<br />
‘Mudansa Kultura no Ambiente ba period jeolojia ikus liu: evidensia ba mudansa<br />
klimatika? (Fundu Komponentu Konselu Peskija Australia DP0878735)<br />
Objetivu: Investigasaun ida ba mudansa klimatika, impaktu ba ambiental no adaptasaun<br />
umanu <strong>iha</strong> <strong>Timor</strong> <strong>Leste</strong> <strong>iha</strong> tinan 1000 nia laran sei hadian ita nia komprensaun kona ba<br />
problema hanesan ne,e <strong>iha</strong> ita nia regiaun. Ita nia iklima variavel loos ona no it abele hein<br />
mudansa klimatika <strong>iha</strong> future atu <strong>iha</strong> impaktu signifikante ba ita nia ambiente no<br />
komunidade. Kompriende mudansa klimatika <strong>iha</strong> pasado bele asiste planu ba <strong>iha</strong><br />
mudansa klimatika <strong>iha</strong> oin mai, liu liu <strong>iha</strong> area vulneravel <strong>iha</strong> kosta.<br />
Arkeolojista no jeografista halo ona proposta katak mudansa klimatika signifikante <strong>iha</strong><br />
rejiaun Indo –pasifiko entre tinan 800 to’o 400 liuba responsivel ba impaktu ne’ebe<br />
klean tebes no efeitu traumatika ambiental no konsekuensia sosial. Sira liga konstrusaun<br />
fortifikasaun asentamentu <strong>iha</strong> Regiaun pasifiku tomak ba estreso sosial indusidu husi<br />
mudansa klimatika <strong>iha</strong> tinan 1000 kotuk. Lape (2006, Lape no Chao 2008) halo ona<br />
argumentu hanesan ba moru asentamentu sira ne’ebe hada ho fatuk (lata paru) <strong>iha</strong> <strong>Timor</strong><br />
<strong>Leste</strong>. To’o ohin loron, maibe, seidauk bele demostra ligasaun kona kausa mudansa<br />
klimatika, afeitu ambiental no mudansa kultura. Ikan sela partikularmente sensitivo ba<br />
indikador ambiental no projeitu ne’e sei foka liu ba sira. Projeitu ne,e sei investiga fatin<br />
arkeologiko sira, asemblaje kalendariu etnografiko husi <strong>Timor</strong> <strong>Leste</strong>, atu dokumenta<br />
natureza no halo kalendariu ba mudansa kultural <strong>iha</strong> tinan 1000 ikus. Resultadu sira ne’e<br />
sei examina kontra dados sientifiko independente atu determina se mudansa klimatika<br />
ne’e loos nudar katalisador ba mudansa klimatika.<br />
Metodolojia: Projeitu ida ne’e hakarak estabelese natureza no kalendariu mudansa<br />
kultural <strong>iha</strong> rekordasaun arkeolojiko, ne’ebe bele informa mapa kronolojiko kona ba<br />
resolusaun klimatika no mudansa ambiental.Projeitu ne’e sei hare’e liu liu ba :<br />
1. Investiga kromolojia hahu’u no durasaun halo konstrusaun, no utilijasaun,<br />
asentamentu <strong>iha</strong> moru fatuk laran.
2. Investiga viabilidade asentamentu moru fatuk laran, nia funsaun, no nia relasaun ho<br />
fatin seluk ne’ebe hanesan, no distribuisaun ba rekursu ekonomia <strong>iha</strong> zona sira ne’e.<br />
3. Investiga mudansa taxa molusko no nia frekuensia husi numeru gruta ne’ebe<br />
konesidu, lokasaun selesionado no asentamentu aberto no moru fatuk laran kobre<br />
mileniu ikus.<br />
4. Investiga no rejisto data isotopiko obtido husi molusko <strong>iha</strong> fatin lahanesan.<br />
5. Investiga registrasaun fatin espeleotema husi gruta konesido hodi obtana registru<br />
udan ne’ebe kobre mileniu ikus no halo kalendariu hodi bele hetan kronolojia loloos ba<br />
aspeitu mudansa klimatika.<br />
6. Investiga no halo kalendariu polen, diatomas no registru karvaun vegetal husi numeru<br />
kosta ne’ebe hatene no pantano interior hodi hetan informasaun kona ba alterasaun<br />
klimatika, frekuensia keima no desmatamentu ho Holoseno ikus.<br />
7. Halo intervista ho populasaun local sobre utilijasaun ikan marisko no ikan husi resife<br />
koral no sira nia konesimentu kona ba mudansa klimatika <strong>iha</strong> sekulu pasado.<br />
8. Rejistu imformsaun istoriku kona ba asentametu <strong>iha</strong> moru fatuk laran.<br />
Iha <strong>2009</strong>, tinan 2 ba projeitu, ami nia abjetivo mak:<br />
1. Exkava moru fatuk asentamentu rua ne’ebe visita <strong>iha</strong> 2008, ida <strong>iha</strong> Moro no ida seluk<br />
<strong>iha</strong> Ira Ara, Lautem District. Fatin sira ne’e extensivamente fortifikada no parese <strong>iha</strong><br />
deposito profundidade, ne’e duni fatin diak ba investigasaun liu tan.<br />
2. Halao levantamentu ba asentamentu moru fatuk <strong>iha</strong> Tutuala no <strong>iha</strong> interio litoral,<br />
Vale mota Vero no no enkosta sul foho Paichao, Loiqueiro tuan (Luikere) no rejiaun<br />
floresta <strong>iha</strong> norte Mehara, Muapitine tuan no fatin konesidu ho povoado fortifikadu<br />
<strong>iha</strong> zona sul floresta Muapitine.<br />
3. Halao levantamentu ba gruta <strong>iha</strong> area Tutuala hodi identifika espeleotema ba<br />
amostrajen.<br />
4. Halao levantamentu faunal <strong>iha</strong> area Tutuala hodi determina espesie ne’ebe atualmente<br />
habita <strong>iha</strong> area ne’e.<br />
Field Team<br />
Membru ekipa <strong>kampu</strong> <strong>iha</strong> tinan <strong>2009</strong> Profesora Sue O’Connor, Dr Sally Brockwell, Dr<br />
Jack Fenner (arkeolojista,ANU), Dr Andrew McWilliam (Antropolojista, ANU), Dr Ken<br />
Aplin (faunal taxonomist, Sientista Federal no Organijasaun Peskija ba Industria,<br />
CSIRO), Miss Emma St Pierre (Peritus speleothem, Universidade Queensland) Mrs<br />
Carmeneza Dos Santos Monteiro (Los Palos) nudar tradutor. Iha Moro, ema ne’ebe mak<br />
hamaluk ami <strong>iha</strong> <strong>kampu</strong> mak funsionariu husi Gabinete do Secretário de Estado da<br />
Cultura (Abilio da C. Silva).<br />
Actividade 1-<strong>27</strong> <strong>Juñu</strong> <strong>2009</strong>
1-3 <strong>Juñu</strong>: O’Connor no Brockwell hasoru ho funsionariu husi Sekertariadu Kultura no<br />
DIresaun Nasional Florestal.<br />
4 <strong>Juñu</strong>: Viajen Moro<br />
5-17 <strong>Juñu</strong>: Konsultasaun ho ofisiais local no Rai Nain Distritu Lautem (Moro, Ira Ara).<br />
Ho lisensa husi Rai Nain, ami hahu’u eskavasaun <strong>iha</strong> hela fatin moru laran <strong>iha</strong> Vasino <strong>iha</strong><br />
Moro (2008 Kartaun ba fatin O’Connor Moro 2)<br />
9-17 <strong>Juñu</strong> McWilliam, Fenner and Dos Santos Monteiro halo viajen ba Moro.<br />
McWilliam hala’o intervista ho populasaun kona ba utilijasaun hela fatin <strong>iha</strong> moru laran.<br />
Fenner uja estasaun total atu mapa hela fatin moru laran Vasino nian no Masui Iha Ira<br />
Ara (2008 Kartaun ba fatin Card O’Connor_Ira Ara). Rai Nain mos hatudu McWilliam,<br />
Brockwell no Fenner fatin hela fatin moru seluk <strong>iha</strong> area Moro-Ira Ara ne’ebe rekorda.<br />
(<strong>2009</strong> Kartaun fatin).<br />
13 <strong>Juñu</strong>: O’Connor no Dos Santos Monteiro fila ba Dili atu hasoru Aplin, Brush no St<br />
Pierre <strong>iha</strong> aero portu.<br />
15 <strong>Juñu</strong>: Konsulta ho Derasaun Florestal. O’Connor, Aplin, St Pierre, Brush no Dos<br />
Santos Monteiro viajen ba Tutuala.<br />
16-24 <strong>Juñu</strong>: O’Connor, Aplin, St Pierre, Brush no Dos Santos Monteiro halo survei ba<br />
gruta no faunal.<br />
18-20 <strong>Juñu</strong>: Brockwell, Fenner no McWilliam fila ba Dili atu relata ba Secretariado<br />
Kultura no haruka koleksaun husi eskavasaun ba Australia hodi halo analisa. Brockwell<br />
no Fenner sai husi Dili 20 <strong>Juñu</strong><br />
19-24 J <strong>Juñu</strong>: McWilliam viajen ba Tutuala.Konsulta ho ofisiais local no Rai nain.<br />
McWilliam no O’Connor hala’o survey ba moru hela fatin <strong>iha</strong> ailaran Vero.<br />
25-<strong>27</strong> <strong>Juñu</strong>: O’Connor, McWilliam, Aplin, St Pierre, Brush no Dos Santos Monteiro fila<br />
ba Dili. Sira hato’o relatorio ba Sekretariadu Kultura no Diresaun Nasional Florestal.<br />
O’Connor, Aplin, St Pierre, Brush sai husi Dili <strong>27</strong> <strong>Juñu</strong>. McWilliam nafatin <strong>iha</strong> Dili atu<br />
halo peskija ne’ebe la<strong>iha</strong> relasaun ho peskija ne’e.
Activities<br />
1. Moro<br />
Vasino ne’e fatin fortifikadu <strong>iha</strong> foho tutun <strong>iha</strong> knua Moro nia leten <strong>iha</strong> Lautem District.<br />
Hari’I <strong>iha</strong> nivel rua. Istoria oral indika katak ne’e utilija keleur ona molok tempo<br />
Portuges uluk uma 7 ka 8. Abandona tinan 200 liu ba. Foto <strong>iha</strong> anexo.<br />
Iha <strong>2009</strong>, ami exkava fatin ne’e. Metru ualu kuadradu ho forma exkavado, no hitu <strong>iha</strong><br />
nivel kraik liu no ida <strong>iha</strong> leten. Exkavasaun sira ne’e ho klean entre sentimetru 50 -80<br />
bainhira hetan fatuk boot. Nivel leten no kraik halo nia mapa hotu uja estasaun total<br />
(mapa sira).<br />
Konteudu exkavasaun sira ne’e konsiste husi karakol, keramika, balada nia ruin, fatuk<br />
artefato, karvaun vegetal, fini, no koncha marina. Konteudu sira ne’e oras ne’e <strong>iha</strong> ANU,<br />
<strong>iha</strong> Canberra atu halo data. Relatorio final sei elabora kuandu serviso remata.<br />
Vasino
Vasino
Lata Teinu ne’e lokalijau besik Estrada Moro <strong>iha</strong> natar leten. Iha deit rekisito fatuk<br />
barak ne’ebe halo parede lakon t<strong>iha</strong> ona, remedus deit mak nia evidensia. Lutu sira hetan<br />
istraga durante tempo Portuges hodi hari’i dalan kiik ba Moro, ne’ebe halo tuir dalan<br />
moderna. Iha ne’ebe <strong>iha</strong> lutu, nia a’as la too metru ida. La posivel atu halo mapa ba lutu<br />
sira tamba la<strong>iha</strong> fatuk barak atu define sira.<br />
Lata Teinu
2. Ira Ara<br />
Masui ne’e fatin fortifikadu haleu ho moru fatuk boot <strong>iha</strong> faesia a’as husia tasi, <strong>iha</strong> Ira<br />
Ara nia liur. Ne’e <strong>iha</strong> karakteristiku barak, inklui rate no fatuk sirkulo. Superfise hetan<br />
various fatuk artefaktu, keramika no kaska marino. Ami mapa fatin ne’e ho estasaun<br />
total.<br />
Masui
Masui
Vasuku Fatin fortifikadu <strong>iha</strong> foho tutun besik industria ikan <strong>iha</strong> Ira Ara. So parte norte<br />
deit mak bele ba defesa, husi ne’ebe hateke tu’un ba tasi. Husi Sul rai monu no sai t<strong>iha</strong> ailaran.<br />
Istoria oral haktuir katak ne’e laos Pa’a makolo. Ne’e knuaa ho lutu deit. Iha mota<br />
besik maibe maran ona <strong>iha</strong> tinan barak liu ba. Fatin ne’e ho strutura kabuar <strong>iha</strong> foho<br />
tutun, hari’i <strong>iha</strong> nível balun. Iha moru interas oin oin, barak liu hada ho fatuk ida. Maibe,<br />
ida a’as to’o metru 1.5. Moru ne’e hari’i hanesan fortifikadu ho moru rua hari’i hada ho<br />
fatuk boot no priensa ho fatuk kiik . Iha rate balun.<br />
Vasuku
3. Tutuala<br />
Ba semana tolu <strong>servisu</strong> <strong>iha</strong> <strong>kampu</strong> CI O’Connor no Mrs Dos Santos halao viajen ba Dili<br />
hodi hasoru Dr Aplin, Emma St Pierre no peritu gruta nian, John Brush. Apresentasaun<br />
sobre peskija espeleotema hato’o ba Sr Manuel Mendes, Chefe gabinete, no funsionariu<br />
sira seluk husi area protejido no Parke National Ministerio Agrikultura no Peska <strong>Timor</strong><br />
<strong>Leste</strong> nian no funsionariu parke nasional rua ne’ebe designada atu akompana ekipa<br />
durante levantamentu <strong>iha</strong> <strong>kampu</strong>. Semana rua tuir mai pasa <strong>iha</strong> rejiaun Lautem halao<br />
levantamentu ba gruta sira ne’ebe karik <strong>iha</strong> espeleotema ativo ne’ebe bele utilija ba hodi<br />
obtana asinatura iklima ba rejiaun ne’e. Infelismente, maske gruta liu rua nulu mak hetan<br />
examinasaun la<strong>iha</strong> espeleotema ativo ne’ebe hetan. Peskija mos halao ba deposito<br />
natureza ati examina kestaun fauna ne’ebe extinsaun. Iha material balun ne’ebe<br />
promisorio kolekta husi Aplin. Enkuanto halao survei fila fali Lene Hara gravura oin oin<br />
ne’ebe previamente deskonesida mosu (ka hetan). Artigu ida sobre datasaun ba arte ne’e<br />
“Beila nia oin mosu: Hetan no datasaun pintura rupestre Idade –Pleistocene <strong>iha</strong> Gruta<br />
Lene Hara Cave , <strong>Timor</strong> <strong>Leste</strong> ” Simu ona ba publikasaun <strong>iha</strong> Antiquity.<br />
Lene Hara
4. Vale (ai-laran) Vero<br />
Professor O’Connor no Dr McWilliam rejistra lokalijasaun no deskrisaun fatin barak no<br />
vale, inkluido:<br />
Haka Paku Leki Lokalija <strong>iha</strong> afloramentu kalkario natural ne’ebe kompostu ho<br />
atrapalhado sontes boot no fatuk formadu ho bolsu natural no resinto. Fatin prinsipal mak<br />
prominiente ho fatuk a’as ne’ebe mak asentamentu antigu Renu no Aca Cao Ratu.<br />
Tuir mitolojia – funu fera <strong>iha</strong> tempu pasadu entre Marapaki/Keveresi no Renu, <strong>iha</strong><br />
ne’ebe grupo Marapaki/ keveresi derotadu no halai ba Tutuala – asume nain ba area norte<br />
mota Vero nia ibun (Serei lafae) inklui foho sorin Pati Patinu. Marapaki husu sira nia<br />
aliado, Zenlai atu ataka fatin fortifikadu <strong>iha</strong> Haka Paku Leki no durante konfrontasaun<br />
atakante sira manaje hodi sunu funu nain Renu nia akampamentu – no nia mate <strong>iha</strong> ahi<br />
laran, sira seluk halai ba Ili haraku (hare’e ba rekordasaun seluk) no husu protesaun husi<br />
grupo funu nain, Aca Cao Ratu ne’ebe <strong>iha</strong> tempo ne’eba sei forsa. Tan ne’e Marapaki /<br />
Zenlai retira no konkorda ba marka balija husi mota Varo kraik – Sere lafai (Praia<br />
Norte)no Sere moko (Praia Sul).<br />
Haka Paku Leki
Hi Maka Loli Fatin ne’e lokalijado <strong>iha</strong> kalkario a’as hare’e tun ba asentamentu prinsipal<br />
<strong>iha</strong> Tutuala. Asesu husi Sul ho meio ho dalan klot. Fortaleja ne’e <strong>iha</strong> kompartimetu fatuk<br />
rua ne’ebe distintivo , <strong>iha</strong> kraik fatin ba seremonia moris no sakrifikasaun ba grupu<br />
Vacumura. Iha leten, konsideradu hanesan lulik liu, hela fatin ba lulik – maibe <strong>iha</strong><br />
exemplo di’ak tebes ba Sepu fatin tebe no rate hada ho fatuk ne’ebe boot tebes.<br />
Hi Maka Loli
Ili Haraku besik Pitilete Fatin fortifikado elevado boot duni ba asentamentu hamutuk<br />
metru 4 moru fatuk maran no atrapalhado ho afloramentu fatuk boot.. Serie kaisa parede<br />
<strong>iha</strong> nivel konstrusaun. Evidensia fundasaun uma antigu no rate sira. Martinho Dos Santos<br />
hatene rate ida ne’ebe nia avo husi nia inan nia. Istoria mitika Renu Ratu no istoria<br />
ailaran Vero konesido entre membru katuas husi grupo kustodia. Sentru a’as liu husi<br />
akampamentu moru asosiado ho grupo senior (irin) Renu Ratu bainhira sira muda husi<br />
Haku Paka Leki hafoin funu ho Marapaki Ratu.<br />
Ili Haraku
Jeri Horo, mos besik Pitilete, Fatin ne’e <strong>iha</strong> primaveira natural ho depresaun rasa (la<br />
naruk). Besik ne’e <strong>iha</strong> primaveira seluk ne’ebe asuwain sira uja atu fase ran <strong>iha</strong> sira nia<br />
isin hafoin funu. Fatin ne’e asosiado ho funu anterior entre Tututala Ratu no Zenlai Ratu<br />
antes sekulu 20. Tempu balun liu ba’a fatin ritual ense ho –dalaruma asosia ho<br />
konversaun ba katolisismo. (foto)<br />
Maiana besik Pitilete ho estrutura haleu ho fatuk jeralmente <strong>iha</strong> foho tutun ho moro<br />
bada. Entrada prinsipal klot loke husi sudoeste – ho profusaun ba defesa aihoris kaktus<br />
<strong>iha</strong> sorin sorin.Fatin ne’e karakteritika fortifikasaun ida ho multa exemplu fatin ba tebe<br />
sirkular Sepu ho( metru 7 <strong>iha</strong> diameter). (foto)<br />
Malae Laca (mos konesido nudar Kota) Lokalija <strong>iha</strong> elevasaun kiik <strong>iha</strong> area ai-laran boot<br />
no ai-boot sira moris fila fali.Fatin ne’e <strong>iha</strong> osidente sorin mota Veru ibun no rai lolon<br />
husi tasi Maca. Fatin lutu aprosimadamente metru 30 * 50 no <strong>iha</strong> plataforma ida ho<br />
fatuk <strong>iha</strong> sentru, hanesan uma fatin. Posibelmente dapur <strong>iha</strong> sorin Sul.<br />
(foto)<br />
Mua Cao<br />
Situada <strong>iha</strong> sorin sul tasi ibun Valu <strong>iha</strong> tereno deklive ho vista ba tasi no ilha Jaco. Fatin<br />
ne’e tempu uluk reforsada ho fatuk, maibe uituan deit mak hela ba prova. Fatuk sira ne’e<br />
kala uja atu hari,I lutu ba to’os <strong>iha</strong> area ne’e. Forte dehan fatin prinsipal atu kontrola<br />
komersiu hotu <strong>iha</strong> tasi ibun Valu <strong>iha</strong> tempu istoriku. Zenlai (no Maleki <strong>iha</strong> asentamentu<br />
besik Lopo Malai) kontrola pousa <strong>iha</strong> Valu no monopoloja komersio ho ema liur. Mua<br />
Cao okupa hafoin Zenlai sai husi fortifikasaun <strong>iha</strong> Jaco – tan ne,e konesidu ho naran<br />
Pitilete-Laivai. Mitolojia ida dehan katak bainhira Muacau hetan atake husi Tutuala Ratu<br />
nia ansioso atu apropria riko soin balun ne’ebe Zenlai akumula t<strong>iha</strong> ona husi komersio,<br />
Morador sira hakoi sira nia soin maibe fatin ne’e lakon t<strong>iha</strong> ona (Foto)<br />
Mapulo Ro Malae.<br />
Fatuk boot hada <strong>iha</strong> foho leten, konstrui ho nivel variu ho sentru oin oin. Iha numeru<br />
konstrusaun ne’ebe hada ho fatuk maran. Moru ne’e klaramente hada ho estrutura<br />
fortifikada inklui forma indireita ida ho dalan tama kloot ba <strong>iha</strong> fatin prinsipal. Iha rate<br />
barak <strong>iha</strong> parte prinsipal, ho fatin sentru ritual rua ne’ebe distinta asosiado ba grupu Ratu<br />
Kukulori no ida seluk grupo Kiki Moru ne’ebe tuir istoria subgrupo husi Ratu Koavaca<br />
ne’ebe molok ne’e hela <strong>iha</strong> ne’eba. Iha buat distintu fundamental rua ba tebe (Sepu)<br />
nudar evidensia, juntamente ho portu ritual distintu (TEI), ne’ebe <strong>iha</strong> propriedade lulik<br />
ne’ebe forte(Foto).
Mapulo
Analisa<br />
Analisa husi sasan sira ne’ebe hetan <strong>iha</strong> Vasino sei kontinua hela <strong>iha</strong> laboratoriu <strong>iha</strong><br />
Arkeolojia no Istoria Natural <strong>iha</strong> ANU no halo data ba karvaun <strong>iha</strong> iskola ba<br />
investigasaun siensia rai, ne,ebe mos <strong>iha</strong> ANU. Resultadu publikasaun sei disponivel<br />
lalais se posivel. Deskrisaun detalla kona ba fatin sira disponivel husi karta fatin idak<br />
idak nian.<br />
Acknowledgements<br />
Cultural surveys and excavation were undertaken under the auspices of the Ministério da<br />
Educação, Gabinete do Secretário de Estado da Cultura and since 2008 permits have been<br />
obtained from Ministerio Agricultura e Pescas, Secretario do Estado de Agricultura e<br />
Arboricultura, Direcção Nacional de Floresta for work within the park. We would like to<br />
extend our general thanks and appreciation to the Ministry staff who assisted us in the<br />
course of this research. We would also like to acknowledge that without the support of<br />
the people of Moro, Ira Ara and Tutuala, this research would not have been possible.
Change language