urbanuli garemos sivrciTi mowyobis sakiTxebi Zveli Tbilisis ezoebis ...

saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetixelnaweris uflebiTavTandil diRmelaSviliurbanuli garemos sivrciTi mowyobis sakiTxebiZveli Tbilisis ezoebis magaliTzedoqtoris akademiuri xarisxismosapoveblad wardgenili disertaciisa v t o r e f e r a t iTbilisi2012 weli

disertacia Sesrulebulia saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetisarqiteqturis, urbanistikis da dizainis fakultetisarqiteqturis da qalaqTmSeneblobis (urbanistikis) akademiurdepartamentSisamecniero xelmZRvaneli:profesori nino xabeiSvilirecenzentebi:dacva Sedgeba 2012 wlis „ . . . „ . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . saaTzesaqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis arqiteqturis,urbanistikis da dizainis fakultetis sadisertacio sabWoskolegiis sxdomaze, korpusi 1, auditoria 403misamarTi: 0175, Tbilisi, kostavas q. # 72.disertaciis gacnoba SeiZleba stu-s biblioTekaSi,xolo avtoreferatis – stu-s vebgverdzesadisertacio sabWos swavluli mdivaniprofesorim.foCxua2

Temis aqtualoba. XX saukunis dasawyisidan kacobriobisgansakuTrebuli yuradRebis da Seswavlis sagnad iqcaarqiteqturis Zeglebis da zogadad kulturuli memkvidreobisdacva. am mxriv arc saqarTveloa gamonaklisi: miuxedavadganviTarebis urTulesi periodebisa igi ar adunebda yuradRebasTavisi unikaluri arqiteqturuli Zeglebis SesanarCuneblad. maT kvlevasa da siRrmiseul Seswavlas miuZRvnes Tavisifundamenturi naSromebi iseTma udidesma istorikosebma daxelovnebaTmcodneebma, rogorebic iyvnen iv. javaxiSvili, eq.TayaiSvili, g. CubinaSvili da S. amiranaSvili. am mecnierebismier Seiqmna saqarTvelos kulturuli memkvidreobis Seswavlisada dacvis ZiriTadi samecniero-meToduri baza. swored, amsafuZvelze ganaviTares da ganavrces TavianTi kvlevebiSemdgomi Taobis arqiteqtorebma, arqeologebma daxelovnebaTmcodneebma. iseTi gamoCenili mecnierebis naSromebiswyalobiT rogorebic iyvnen: i. ciciSvili, v. beriZe, v. cincaZe, T.kvirkvelia, n. janberiZe, l. sumbaZe da sxv. Cven vflobTsaqarTvelos da, kerZod, Zveli Tbilisis arqiteqturisistoriis, misi analizisa da aRweris Zvirfas masalas.sabWoTa kavSiris respublikebs Soris saqarTveloimyofeboda mowinave poziciebze kulturuli memkvidreobisSeswavlisa da dacvis sferoSi. swored aq, pirvelad 70-ianiwlebis dasawyisSi Seiqmna ZeglTa dacvis sammarTvelo, Semdeg kidepartamenti, romelSic mimdinareobda arqiteqturis Zeglebiskompleqsuri Seswavla, aRricxva da pasportizacia, maTirestavraciisa da dacvis samuSaoebi. am uwyebis warmatebulimuSaoba ganpirobebuli iyo misi damaarseblis, profesor i.ciciSvilis nayofieri moRvaweobiT. saqarTvelos arqiteqturuliZeglebis dacvisa da Seswavlis saqmeSi mniSvnelovani wvliliSeitanes g. CubinaSvilis saxelobis saqarTvelos xelovnebisistoriis institutis da sxva samecniero centrebis mkvlevarebmada specialistebma.70-iani wlebis Sua periodSi saTanado codnisa dagamocdilebis dagrovebam saSualeba misca saqarTvelos3

mTavrobas daewyo masStaburi sarekonstruqcio samuSaoebiTbilisis istoriul nawilSi. arqiteqtorebis S. yavlaSvilisada g. baTiaSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT ganaxlda da axalicxovreba daiwyo Zveli qalaqis iseTma uZveles ubnebma,rogorebic arian baraTaSvilis quCa da aRmarTi, Rvinis aRmarTi,meidanis ubani da sxva. am samuSaoebis Catarebam naTlad aCvenaTu raoden Zvirfasia istoriuli ganaSenianebis monakveTebi,gauxsna perspeqtiva istoriuli centris Semdgom ganviTarebis.sarestavracio samuSaoebi mniSvnelovani SewyvetiT SemdgomSicgrZeldeboda (Sardenis, leseliZis, sionis da sxva quCebi). essamuSaoebi farTod mimdinareobs dResdReobiTac: aRmaSeneblisgamziri, nariyalas raioni, kala, sololaki da sxva ubnebi.Tbilisis istoriuli ganaSenianebis restavraciis darekonstruqciis masStabebi, misi reabilitaciis problemebisadmisazogadoebis aqtiuri yuradReba ganapirobebs Cvens mierSerCeuli Temis mwvave aqtualobas.zemoTxsenebul mkvlevarebTan erTad bolo aTwleeulebisganmavlobaSi saqarTveloSi da, kerZod, TbilisSiarqiteqturuli Zeglebisa da urbanuli memkvidreobis dacvisSeswavlis sakiTxebs miuZRvnes TavianTi naSromebi T. CiCuam, T.gersamiam, e. TevzaZem, k. amirejibma, m. TumaniSvilma, m. maniam, g.SaiSmelaSvilma, g. saluqvaZem, l. TumaniSvilma, m. melqaZem dasxvebma.1985 wels saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier pirvelad dadgindaTbilisis arqiteqturuli Zeglebis sia, romlebSic gaerTianda700-ze meti Senoba-nageboba. 2008 wels SemuSavebuli Tbilisisistoriul-kulturuli sayrdeni gegmis safuZvelze saqarTvelosmTavrobis mier dadginda axali sia, romelSic ukve Tbilisisarqiteqtoruli Zeglebis raodenobam 1750-mde imata. yovelive esmiuTiTebs imaze, rom arqiteqturuli Zeglebis SenarCunebisproblemis simZafre moiTxovs gansakuTrebul yuradrebas damecnierul midgomas. Mmiuxedavad kvlevaTa sakmaod soliduriraodenobisa, arqiteqturuli Zeglebis ezoebis sivrciTiorganizaciis problema jer kidev ar gamxdara specialuri4

g) kvlevis obieqtis savele Seswavla da fotofiqsacia;d) kartografiuli masalis grafoanalitikuri Seswavla da maTiSedarebiTi analizi;e) kvlevis rezultatebis ganzogadeba da rekomendaciebisSedgena ezoebis arqiteqturuli saxis restavraciisa dareabilitaciisaTvis.kvlevis sazRvrebi qronologiis TvalsazrisiT irTavsTbilisis istoriul ganaSenianebas, romelic aRmocenda XIXsaukunis dasawyisSi da viTardeboda XX saukunis 20-ianwlebamde. teritoriulad kvlevis obieqtebi lokalizebuliaqalaqis ZeglTa dacvis zonaSi. saxlebi-warmomadgenlebiSerCeulia maTi ganlagebis mixedviT Tbilisis sxva da sxvaistoriul ubanSi da kvlevaSi arsebuli sacxovrebeli saxlebisZiriTadi morfotipebis Sesabamisad.kvlevis mecnieruli siaxle mdgomareobs imaSi, rompirvelad Seswavlis obieqts warmoadgens Zveli Tbilisisarqiteqtoruli Zeglebis - sacxovrebeli saxlebis ezoebi.sacxovrebeli saxlebis morfotipebze dayrdnobiT SemuSavdakvlevis obieqtis arqiteqturul-sivrcobrivi tipologia,gamokvleuli da aRwerilia ezoebis ZiriTadi struqturulielementebi da mocemulia rekomendaciebi maTi sivrcobriviorganizebis da restavraciis pirvandeli saxis aRsadgenad.miRebuli rezultatebis praqtikuli Rirebulebamdgomareobs meToduri miTiTebebisa da rekomendaciebisSemuSavebaSi arqiteqturis Zeglebis - sacxovrebeli saxlebisezoebSi sarestavracio samuSaoebis samecniero dasabuTebaSi,rekomendaciebis SedgenaSi ezoebis konkretuli magaliTebiT,samecniero informaciis momzadebaSi calkeuli obieqtebisarqiteqturul-istoriuli kvlevebis SedgenisaTvis, sacnobaroinformaciis Segrovebisa da sistematizaciaSi axali kvlevebisda saproeqto samuSaoebisaTvis Zveli Tbilisis sacxovrebelisaxlebis restavraciisaTvis.kvlevis struqtura Sedgeba 127 gverdiani teqsturinawilisagan: SesavaliT, ori TaviT da saerTo daskvnebiT, aseve6

40 gverdiani grafikuli ilustraciebisagan, 3 gverdianibibliografiis da 145 gverdiani danarTebisagan.kvlevis Sedegebis aprobacia mimdinareobda mudmivikonsultaciiT Sesabamisi profilis specialistebTan. gaweulisamuSaos rezultatebi gadmocemul iqna or specialurseminarze. kvlevis daskvnebis mixedviT gamoica sami samecnierostatia da wardgenil iqna moxseneba or saerTaSorisosamecniero konferenciaze. statiebi da moxsenebebi sruladasaxaven naSromis Sinaarss da dacvaze warmodgenil samecnieroSedegebs.disertaciis pirvel TavSi mravali saerTaSorisoSeTanxmebebisa da sxva dokumentebis magaliTze naCvenebiakulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis mniSvneloba, kerZod kiarqiteqturuli Zeglebis roli Tanamedrove sazogadoebiscivilizebuli da harmoniuli ganviTarebisaTvis.aseTi dokumentebis ricxvs SegviZlia mivakuTvnoT, pirvelrigSi 1931 wels `aTenis qartiis“ miReb da 1972 wels iuneskoskonvenciis xelmowera msoflio kulturisa da bunebismemkvidreobis dacvis Sesaxeb. 1987 wels `saerTaSoriso qartiaistoriuli qalaqebis dasacavad~ kanonis miReba, 1993 welsevropis sabWos rekomendacia `arqiteqturuli memkvidreoba:investiciis meTodebi da dokumentacia evropaSi~, 2008 wels„iuneskos memkvidreobis dacvis Tanamedrove principebis“konvenciis gamoyeneba da sxva.damoukideblobis SeZenis Semdeg, rogorc demokratiulisaxelmwifo, saqarTvelo Tanmimdevrulad SeuerTda yvelamniSvnelovan SeTanxmebas, konvencias da qartias kulturulimemkvidreobis dacvasTan dakavSirebiT da valdebuli gaxdaSemoeRo Tavisi Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi kanonmdeblobasaerTaSoriso dokumentebTan Sesabamisad.saqarTveloSi arqiteqturuli memkvidreoba da Tbilisisistoriuli ganaSenianeba safuZvlianad iqna Seswavlili Semdegimecnierebis naSromebSi : v. beriZe, v. cincaZe, T. kvirkvelia, T.gersamia, e. TevzaZe, m. mania da sxv. arsebul naSromebs Soris7

yvelaze axlos warmodgenil kvlevasTan aris T. gersamiassadisertacio naSromi (1972 w.), romelic eZRvneboda Zveliqalaqis marjvena sanapiros istoriuli Senoba-nagebobebisrekonstruqciis sakiTxs da e. TevzaZis naSromi (1985 w.),romelSic gaxsnilia istoriuli ganaSenianebis mniSvnelobaTbilisis ganviTarebaSi XIX-XX s-is mijnaze, misi Tanamedrovemdgomareoba, aRdgenisa da rekonstruqciis problemebi, da racyvelaze mTavaria, naSromSi kargadaa gadmocemuli istoriulnagebobaTa Soris sacxovrebeli saxlebis ezoebis sivrcobriviganawilebis Sinaarsi da socialuri mniSvneloba. imsaxurebsaRvniSnas, l. TumaniSvilis uaxlesi sadisertacio naSromi,romelic eZRvneba Tbilisis arqiteqturul-kulturulimemkvidreobis dacvis Tanamedrove aspeqtebs.zemoaRniSnuli naSromebi iqca samecniero safuZvladwarmodgenili sadisertacio naSromisa, romlis Seswavlissagania Zveli qalaqis Senobebis ezoebis sivrciTi organizacia.sadisertacio naSromSi dawvrilebiTaa mocemuliganviTarebul qveynebSi dReisaTvis arsebuli gamocdilebaarqiteqturuli Zeglebis dacvis Sesaxeb mocemulikanonmdeblobis mimoxilva da Tanamedrove praqtika am dargSi.ase magaliTad, CvenTvis mniSvnelovania kanonmdebloba dapraqtika arqiteqturuli Zeglebis dacvis Sesaxeb qveynebisa: aSS,italia, safrangeTi, norvegia, niderlandebi, CineTi, poloneTida sxva.warmodgenili mimoxilva TvalnaTliv gvaCvenebssrulyofili restavraciis da adaptaciis SesaZleblobebs,arqiteqturuli Zeglebis warmatebul eqspluatacias TanamedrovepirobebSi. amasTan istoriuli nagebobebis reabilitaciisprocesSi da arqiteqturuli Zeglebis aRdgenaSi saxelmwifosfinansuri wili Seadgens 10-dan 40%-mde. ganviTarebuli sistemagrZelvadiani, dabalprocentiani ipoTekuri kreditebisa,kvalificiuri investorebis monawileoba da mosaxleobisaqtiuri CarTva reabilitaciis procesSi, exmarebadabalSemosavlian mflobelebs da axalgazrda ojaxebs8

Caataron warmatebuli sarestavracio samuSaoebi arqiteqturisZeglebSi. es gamocdileba yvelasaTvis xelmisawvdomia dasavsebiT misaRebia Tbilisis pirobebSi da saqarTvelos sxvaistoriul qalaqebSi.2007 wels miRebul iqna saqarTvelos `kanoni kulturulimemkvidreobis Sesaxeb~, romelSic detalurad iqna ganxiluliarqiteqturis Zeglebis dacvis, restavraciisa da adaptaciisZiriTadi principebi. 2008 da momdevno wlebSi specialistebTankonsultaciis gareSe, saqarTvelos parlamentis mier Setaniliqna am kanonSi cvlilebebi, romlebic ewinaaRmdegebodnensaerTaSoriso donis rig sakanonmdeblo aqtebs. ase magaliTad,axali cvlilebebis mixedviT SesaZlebeli gaxda Zeglismoculobis gazrda, `sazogadoebrivi interesis momatebis~SemTxvevaSi misi demontaJi, misi gadakeTeba, danawevreba dadaSla (misi Semdegi awyobis moxseniebis gareSe), Zeglebisdacvis zonis likvidacia, axali Senobebis gaCena Tavisufalteritoriaze, iq sadac manamde Senobebi ar iyo da a.s.S.zemoT CamoTvlili cvlilebebi bolo wlebSi realizebuliqna Tbilisis rig sarekonstruqcio ubnebSi: aRmamSeneblisgamziri, kalaubani, nariyala, sololaki da sxv. CatarebulisamuSaos Sedegad adgili aqvs didi raodenobiT auTenturisiZvelis Seuqcevad danakargebs. sagangaSoa, rom 2011 welsTbilisi iuneskos msoflio kulturuli memkvidreobis Zeglebissiidan gadatanil iqna ganadgurebis saSiSroebis qveS myofiobieqtebis siaSi.unda aRiniSnos rom, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu adgilobrivikanonmdebloba winaaRmdegobaSia saerTaSorisokanonmdeblobasTan, maSin upiratesoba unda mieniWossaerTaSoriso samarTlis normebs an qveyanam unda uari TqvasaRebul valdebulebebze.Cven vTvliT, rom axali Sesworebebi kanonSi kulturulimemkvidreobis Sesaxeb, anulirebul unda iqnes da SewydesTbilisis arqiteqturuli Zeglebis uxarisxo restavraciisprocesi.9

disertaciis meore Tavi eZRvneba miRebuli rezultatebisganxilvasa da gansjas, mocemulia Zveli qalaqis sacxovrebeliZegl-saxlebis ezoebis sivrcobrivi organizebis principebi.2008 wels saqarTvelos kulturis saministros dakveTiTSedgenil iqna `Tbilisis istoriul-kulturuli sayrdeni gegma~,romlis Tanaxmadac qalaqis istoriul nawilSi gamoiyo samidacviTi zona da 1750-ze meti istoriuli Senoba-nageboba ZeglisstatusiT, maT Soris 1422 sacxovrebeli saxli. amasTan, ammocemul naSromSi, naCvenebi iyo sacxovrebeli saxlebisZiriTadi morfotipebi da swored isini, garkveulimodificirebis Semdeg, Zveli Tbilisis ezoebis tipologiasdaedvnen safuZvlad. am tipologiis safuZvelia ezos, Senobisda quCis struqturuli Sefardeba da konfiguracia.miRebuli konfiguraciebis sistematizaciis Sedegaddafiqsirda ezoebis Semdegi tipebi: daxuruli tipis ezo, ezogaxsnili erTi, ori, sami mxridan da ezo saxlis garSemo. calkejgufad arian gamoyofili atipiuri ezoebi, romlebSic qaoturiganaSenianebis gamo SeuZlebelia tipologiuri niSnebis dadgena,aseve ezoebi, romlebic rTul reliefze arian ganlagebuli daaqvT urTierT dakavSirebuli ori an sami done.savele kvlevis da mravali ezos fotofiqsaciis Sedegadiqna SerCeuli ara nakleb sami obieqtisa TviToeuli tipisaTvisdetaluri analizisa da SeswavlisaTvis. maT Soris:- daxuruli tipis ezoebi (75 obieqti) - amaRlebis 23, borjomis12, asaTianis 23, asaTianis 13, furcelaZis 13;- erTi mxridan gaxsnili ezoebi (405 obieqti) – guduaSvilis m. 2,lermontovis 15, tabiZis 18, tabiZis 24, dadianis 34;- ori mxridan gaxsnili ezoebi (517 obieqti) – amaRlebis 8,a.WavWavaZis Cixi 1, dadianis 32, uznaZis 13;- sami mxridan gaxsnili ezoebi (340 obieqti) - dadianis 24,dadianis 30, amaRlebis 10;- ezo saxlis garSemo (85 obieqti) - aRmaSeneblis 149, WonkaZis 4,kargareTelis 6.10

- atipiuri ezoebi (32 obieqti) – ingoroyvas 14, ingoroyvas 20,winamZRvriSvilis 39.qvemoT moyvanilia aRwera ama Tu im tipis warmomadgenelisaxli-ezoebis aRwera da naCvenebia maTTvis damaxasiaTebeliTaviseburebani.daxuruli tipis ezoebi.1.1. amaRlebis q. № 23/12.saxli mdebareobs sololakis ubanSi, mis zeda nawilSi.dasaxleba Caisaxa XIX saukunis Sua wlebSi da TandaTanobiTganviTarda kojris gzis gaswvriv amaRlebis ekleiis mxares(quCis Zveli dasaxelebebia - voznesenskaia, daviTaSvilis). saxli# 23 figurirebs Tbilisis rukebze XIX saukunis Sua wlebidan.misi fasadis Zveli fotoebi quCis mxridan naCvenebia v.beriZisortomeulSi da aqvea mocemuli misi iersaxis mokle aRwera.orsarTuliani saxli naxevarsardafiT SemorCeniliamniSvnelovani cvlilebebis gareSe. yuradRebas iqcevs orimozrdili xis aivani, romelic quCis mxaresaa gamotanili.daxuruli tipis ezo garSemortymulia Ria aivnebiTgalereebiTmrgvali xis svetebiT da moajirebis mrgvalivebaliasinebiT meore sarTulze. pirveli sarTuli mTlianadSeminulia sxva da sxva dros. ezos siRrmeSi ganTavsebulia Riaxis kibe. aqve ezoSi aris mcire zomis gviandeli minaSenebi.saxli avariul mdgomareobaSia da saWiroebs gadaudebelrestavracias. saaRricxvo baraTi № 010508310.1.2. borjomis q. # 12.saxli ganlagebulia didubis ubanis dasawyisSi, romlicCamoyalibda XIX saukunis bolo mesamedSi. im drois rukebzesaxli naCvenebia da agebis TariRad iTvleba XIX saukunis 80-aniwlebi. borjomis quCaze gamodis mkacr klasikur stilSiSesrulebuli orsarTuliani saxlis fasadi, erTi sadarbazoTida ezoSi TaRiani SesasvleliT. daxuruli tipis ezoSi TaRisqveS ganTavsebulia kibe, aseve ori kibe ezos sivrceSia.ezodan ori sarTulidan pirveli mTlianad daxurulia danawilobriv Seminulia, meore sarTuli - Ria galerea-aivniT,11

kvadratuli kveTis svetebi da moajirebi ficris yru, brtyeliZelakebiT Semonaxulia SedarebiT ukeTesad. ezoSi aristalaveri, romelic cxel dReebSi iZleva Crdils. ezoSiasaerTo sargeblobis dasalevi wylis onkani. saxlismdgomareoba iZleva misi warmatebuli restavraciis saSualebas.aRdgenis Sedegad SeiZleba miviRoT saSualo klasis Tbilisuriqalaquri sacxovrebeli saxlis kargi nimuSi. saaRricxvo baraTi№ 0101011311.3. lado asaTianis q. # 23.saxli mdebareobs sololakis ubanSi, asaTianis quCaze(yofili bebuTovis, engelsis). agebis droa XX saukunis aTianiwlebi. saxli orsarTuliani iyo, mogvianebiT XX saukunis 30wlebSi saxlze daaSenes mesame sarTuli. quCis mxridan fasadiSeicavs klasikuri formebis da eqleqtikis stilis elementebs.saxls aqvs ori sadarbazo da ezoSi Sesasvleli TaRi. quCismxridan saxls aqvs ramdenime aivani rkinis moajirebiT.daxuruli tipis ezo viwro wagrZelebuli sworkuTxedisformisaa. ezos mTel perimetrze Ria tipis galerea-aivnebiaganTavsebuli, kvadratuli kveTis svetebiT da WvirulikapitelebiT. Mmoajirebi Sesrulebulia brtyeli dekoratiuliZelakebiT. ezoSi aris erTi Ria xis kibe pirdapiri marSebiT daufro gviandeli periodis ori mcire kibe. ezoSi aris saerTosargeblobis wylis onkani. galereebi nawilobriv Seminulia dakerZo sargeblobis saTavsebiT mowyobili. saxls aqvs naxevarsardafis saTavsebi, romlebic gamodian rogorc quCis, ise ezosmxares.saxli avariulia, Tumca gamagrebiTi samuSaoebisCatarebis Semdag, misi mdgomareoba damakmayofilebelia.misi sruli restavraciis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba miviRoTTbilisuri, mravalbiniani saSemosavlo sacxovrebeli saxlissaukeTeso nimuSi. saaRricxvo baraTi № 010405131.1.4. anton furcelaZis q. # 13.E erT erTi uZvelesi saxli ganTavsebulia gareTubanSi a.furcelaZis quCaze (yofili baronis). saxli agebulia XIX12

saukunis 50-an wlebSi. es saxli detalurad ari aRwerili daanazomebTan arTad warmodgenilia v.beriZis ortomeulSi. avtoriaRniSnavs saxlis arqiteqturuli Taviseburebebs da misisivrciTi gegmebis Rirebul elementebs. yuradRebas iqcevsfasadze ganTavsebuli oriarusiani xis aivani (zeda aivanimniSvnelovnad saxecvlilia) da fanjrebis rTuli dekori,sadarbazo da gasasvleli ezoSi.sacxovrebeli saxlis ezo samkuTxa formisaa, viwrosivrceSi ganTavsebulia ori sarTuli odesRac Ria aivnebiT(galereebiT) da ori gamijnuli kibiT. saxli sakmaodamortizirebulia, Tumca Zveli fotosuraTebis, dekoriselementebis anazomi naxazebis arseboba misi srulfasovanirestavraciis saSualebas iZleva da SeiZleba miviRoT rTulreliefze ganTavsebuli Tbilisuri sacxovrebeli saxlissaukeTeso nimuSi. saaRricxvo baraTi № 0104074061.5. lado asaTianis q. # 13saxli ganTavsebulia sololakSi l.asaTianis (yofilbebuTovis, engelsis) quCis dasawyisSi, kalaubnis sazRvarze.saxli agebulia XIX saukunis bolo mesamedSi (80-iani wlebisbolos). saxli orsarTuliania maRali beletaJiT (cokolissarTuli) da naxevarsardafiT, aqvs sami sadarbazo da TaRiezoSi Sesasvlelad.Ffasadi Sesrulebulia klasikuriarqiteqturuli da dekoratiuli formebiT. quCis mxridansaxls aqvs ramdenime aivani liTonis moajirebiT. ezooTxkuTxa, wagrZelebeli formisaa da garSemortymulisa kargadSenaxuli galereebiT, kvadraTuli kveTis svetebiT, romlebicmorTulia xeSi nakveTi ornamentebiani kapitelebiT. moajirebiSedgeba aseve dekoratiuli nakveTi zelakebiT.galereebi nawilobriv Seminulia, ezoSi ramdenimegviandeli minaSenia, saerTo sargeblobis wylis onkani daperimetrze ganlagebuli naxevarsardafebSi SesasvlelebiT. ezomTlianad dafarulia asfaltiT, mwvane nargavebis gareSe.saxlis fizikuri mdgomareoba damakmayofilebelia, aqTavisuflad SeiZleba Catardes srulfasovani rekonstruqcia.13

ezo, romelic pirvandeli saxiT iqneba aRdgenili, quCis mxrisfasadebTan da sadarbazoebis sakmaod Rirebul interierebTanerTad, warmoadgens Zveli Tbilisuri mravalbinianisacxovrebeli saxlis Rirebul nimuSs. saaRricxvo baraTi №0104051202. erTi mxridan gaxsnili ezoebi.2.1. lermontovis q. # 15.saxli ganTavsebulia sololakis ubanis centralur nawilSilermontovis quCaze (yofili nagornaia), agebis droa XIXsaukunis 60-iani wlebi, gviandeli minaSenebiT. es saxliaRwerilia v.beriZis ortomeulSi, sadac aseve motanilia XXsaukunis 60-iani wlebis dasawyisis fotoebi. am fotoebisSedareba dRevandel mdgomareobasTan gvaCvenebs cvlilebebs,romlebic ganicada saxlma ganvlil wlebSi.saxlSi gansakutrebul interess iwvevs ezos or mxaresganTavsebuli oriarusiani galereebi. galereebi SedarebiTukeTesadaa Semonaxuli. yuradRebas iqcevs maTi forma, mrgvalixis svetebi maRal bazebze, entazisiT da kapitelebiT. aseTivesoliduria rikulebi da kibeebi. am tipis Tbilisuri saxlisdamaxasiaTebel, faseul elements warmoadgens ori, erTmaneTisTavze ganlagebuli xis gadasasvlelebi, romlebic, rogorcfotoebidan Cans, iyo gaxsnili, amJamad ki nawilobrivdaxurulia.saxlis ori nawili, erT da orsarTuliani ganTavsebuliamaRal beletajebze, maT qveS naxevrsardafebia ezodanSesasvlelebiT. saxlis garegnuli ieri Zlier Secvliliagviandeli minaSenebiT ezos sivrceSi da ori daSenebiTsaxuravze.miuxedavad amisa saxlis saerTo mdgomareoba iZlevasaSualebas Cautardes sruli restavracia, ris SedegadacmiviRebT mSvenier magaliTs Zveli Tbilisuri saxlis – XIXsaukunis arqiteqturul ZeRls. saaRricxvo baraTi № 01050809114

2.2. galaktion tabiZis q. # 24/21.saxli mdebareobs sololakis ubanSi asaTianis (yofiliengelsis, bebuTovis) da tabiZis (yofili ganovskaias) quCebisgadakveTaze. saxlis agebis droa savaraudod XIX saukunis bolomeoTxedi (70-90–ni wlebi), mepatrone - e. ter-akofovi, samSenebloforma - andreoleti. es saxli aRwerilia v.beriZis ortomeulSida iqvea mocemuli wignis daweris periodis WiSkris dasadarbazos Sesasvlelis fotoebi. saxli orsarTuliania, maRalbeletaJze, aqvs gvian daSenebuli mesame sarTuli.saxli mdidruladaa morTuli arqiteqturuli elementebiT,Seicavs barokosa da klasicizmis stilistur Temebs. fasadismxridan aqvs mcire aivnebi liTonis moajirebiT, karnizebi,gamoyofilia impostebi, parapeti, Zerwva. Senobis kuTxeSiganTavsebulia arqiteqturuli elementi, romelic iSviaTadgvxvdeba: morgvalebuli erkeri, romlisac meore sarTulzemowyobili aqvs ukve sworkuTxovani formis kidev erTi erkeri.mcire zomis ezoSi TaRis meSveobiT vxvdebiT. ezos fasadiSedgeba naxevarsardafis donis da or-sam sarTulianigalereebiT, romlebic nawilobriv Seminulia. ezosarqiteqturaSi metnaklebad Rirebulia oTxkuTxa formis xiseleganturi svetebi Wviruli kapitelebiT da aseTive galereismoajirebiT. ezos centrSi izrdeba erTi Zalian maRaliwiwkovani xe.saxli avariul mdgomareobaSia, Tumca is imdenad Rirebulia,rom rogorc mniSvnelovani arqiteqturuli Zegli aRdgeniliunda iqnes srulad. saaRricxvo baraTi № 010405158.2.3. Salva dadianis q. # 34/17saxli mdebareobs kalaubanSi, dadianisa (yofiliveliaminovis) da asaTianis (yofili bebuTovis, engelsis) quCebisgadakveTaze. agebis TariRi - XIX saukunis 70-iani wlebia. saxliorsarTuliania. quCis mxridan garSemortymulia morgvalebuli,ganieri, xis aivniT. es aivani warmoadgens saxlis mTavarRirSesaniSnaobas. is Sedgeba xveuli dekoratiuli kolonebisgan,15

ganviTarebuli kapitelebisgan da svetebis Semkvreli Wvirulibadisgan.ezo quCaze gaxsnilia erTi mxridan da misgan aguriskedliTaa gamoyofili. ezoSi ori gadajvaredinebuli kibe damogvianebiT amoSenebuli da Seminuli, odesRac Ria galereebiaganlagebuli. ezoSi asave aris naxevarsardafSi Sesasvleebi dasaerTo sargeblobis wylis onkani. saxli Tavisi arqiteqturulixasiaTiT da dekoratiuli morTulobiT XIX saukunis Tbilisurisacxovrebeli saxlis TvalsaCino magaliTs warmoadgens darogorc arqiteqturis Zegli moiTxovs dacvas da srulrestavracias. saaRricxvo baraTi № 010405160.3. ori mxridan gaxsnili ezoebi.3.1. amaRlebis q. # 8.saxli mdebareobs sololakis ubnis zeda nawilSi,amaRlebis quCaze (yofili daviTaSvilis, kojris).es am quCaze agebuli erT-erTi yvelaze Zveli saxlia dasafiqrebelia rom XIX saukunis 50 wlebSia agebuli. saxli, misifoto da aRweriloba motanilia v.beriZis ortomeulSi. saxliorsarTuliania beletajiT, fanjrebi TaRovania, erTisadarbazoTi da yvelaze Rirebuli elementiT gadmokidebulixis aivani mrgvali svetebiT da sammagi TaRebiT maT Soris,romlebic amJamad Seminulia.quCidan Sesasvleli TaRovania, ezoSi aris spotmoedani daerTi didi wiwvovani xe. garSemo Ria galereebis ori iarusia,gviandeli SeminviT. didi cvlileba ganicada pirvelma sarTulmasadac rogorc Cans adre damxmare saTavsoebSi Sesasvlelebiiyo. galereebi nawilobriv SenarCunebulia Wviruli kapitelebiTxis svetebiT da mrgvali rikulebiT.saxli warmoadgens mniSvnelovan nimuSs Zveli Tbilisissacxovreblis arqitqturisa da rogorc arqiteqturis Zeglieqvemdebareba srul aRdgenas da restavracias pirvandeli saxiT.saaRricxvo baraTi № 010507039.16

3.2. aleqsandre WavWavaZis 1 Cixi # 1.saxli mdebareobs mTawmindis ubanSi al.WavWavaZis quCisCixSi (yofili podgornaias Cixi). saarqivo monacemebis Tanaxmades iyo ana rogovskaias saSemosavlo saxli, romelic aSenebuliiyo arqiteqtor m. neprincevis proeqtiT, aseve saarqivomasalebze dayrdnobiT XX saukunis dasawyisSi – 1913 wels.saxli ganTavsebulia ferdobze, aqvs wina da ukana ezoebi,SesasvlelSi WiSkariT da Weduri dekoratiuli karebiT. Senobisfasadze modernis arqiteqturuli stilis elementebia,TavSekavebuli – monumenturi formebiT, dekoriT mcenareulTemebze,ukana ezo kompaqturia, erT mxares sayrdeni kedelia. ezoSigamodis Ria galereebis ori iarusi modernis stilis svetebiTda dekoratiuli moajiriT.saxli kargadaa Semonaxuli, naklebia gviandeli minaSenebi,Tumca torecis fasadze Cans bzarebi. Senoba moiTxovsgamagrebas da srul restavracias. is gaxdeba mSvenieriarqiteqturuli Zegli XX saukunis dasawyisis TbilisissaSemosavlo saxlisa modernis an “art nuvos” stilSi.saaRricxvo baraTi № 010208344.3.3. Salva dadianis q. # 32.saxli mdebareobs kalaubanSi, dadianis (yofiliveliaminovis) quCaze. agebulia XIX saukunis 70-80-an wlebSi.saxli kuTxiseburia, erTi fasadi gamodis quCaze meore ezoSi.quCis mxaredan saxls aqvs maRali beletaJi, ezos mxridan kisaxli samsarTuliania. zeda or sarTuls gars ertymis farTo,Ria galereebi, xis mrgvali svetebiT da kapitelebiT. pirvelisarTuli moSenebulia, galereebi nawilobriv Seminuliagviandel periodSi.miuxedavad sakmaod mniSvnelovani fizikuri cveTisa saxlisrulad eqvemdebareba restavracias. am Tbilisurisacxovrebeli saxlis gansakuTrebul maxasiaTebels warmoadgensgamwvanebuli ezos sivrce. saaRricxvo baraTi № 010405137.17

3.4. dimitri uznaZis q. # 13.saxli mdebareobs mtkvris marcxena sanapiroze, uznaZis(yofili kamos) quCaze. agebulia XIX saukunis 50-ian wlebSi.aRniSnuli saxli figurirebs ermakovis Zvel fotoebze dadabeWdilia v.beriZis ortomeulSi. quCis mxridan saxliorsarTuliania maRal beletaJze da mdidrulad morTuliaarqiteqturuli detalebiT, sapireebiT da karnizebiT. karfanjarasaqvs rTuli moxatulobis alaTebi, sadarbazoebimTavrdeba Seisruli TaRebiT, fasadze ori farTo aivania xismrgvali svetebiT. aivnebze dakargulia Wviruli formisSemoRobva. ezos mxridan fasadi efro TavSekavebulia, aqvs Riagalereebi or iarusad, romlebic nawilobriv Seminulia ufrogviandel periodSi. sarTulebi dakavSirebulia ermaneTTanswormarSiani kibeebiT. ezoSi gviandeli minaSenebia. Ezosfasadze xis mrgvali svetebi kapitelebiT da moajirebi martivibrtyeli ficrebiT kargadaa Semonaxuli. ezoSi Sesasvleli TaRimorTulia liTonis Weduri dekoriT.saxli arqiteqturis Zeglia, igi ayalibebs mtkvris marcxenasanapiros ganaSenianebas istoriul xazs da eqvemdebarebasrulmasStabian restavracias. saaRricxvo baraTi № 010302131.4. sami mxridan gaxsnili ezoebi.4.1. Salva dadianis q. # 24.saxli agebulia XIX saukunis 80-an wlebSi kalaubanSi,dadianis (yofili veliaminovis) quCaze #24. saxli xazobrivikonfiguracisaa da aqvs saerTo ezo 24a nomerTan, romelicTavisTavad kuTxiseburi konfiguraciisaa. ezo odesRacgayofili iyo kedliT, romelic amJamad aRebulia. saxliorsarTuliania, cokolis sarTuliT da gviandeli daSenebulimeore sarTuliT. saxlis fasadi simetriulia, centrSiganTavsebuli sadarbazoTi, romlidanac vxvdebiT ezoSi. fasadimorTulia arqiteqturuli elementebiT : karnizebiT,pilastrebiT, rustikiT, mcire zomis aivnebiT, barokos stilisliTonis moajirebiT.18

didi vrceli ezo aerTianebs or saxls, fasadi ezosmxridan Sedgeba Ria galereebisgan or iarusad da mTlianadmoSenebuli pirveli sarTuliT. galereebi kvadratuli kveTissvetebiT, Wviruli kapitelebiT, moajirebi nakveTi xisganaadamzadebuli da kargadaa Semonaxuli. galereebSi ganTavsebuliaoriginaluri xis kibe romelic sarTulebs akavSirebs. gviandelimoSenebebi da Carevebi SedarebiT mcirea.saxli arqiteqturuli Zeglia da misi SedarebiT autenturimdgomareoba iZleva saSualebas, mcire danaxarjebiT moxdes misiwarmatebuli, srulmasStabiani restavracia. saaRricxvo baraTi№ 010405071.4.2 Salva dadianis q. # 30.saxli, romelic agebulia XIX saukunis 70-an wlebSimdebareobs kalaubanSi dadianis (yofili veliaminovis) quCis 30nomerSi. is xazovani konfiguraciisa da aqvs saerTo ezo #32saxlTan, romelic TavisTavad kuTxis orientaciisaa. saxliorsarTuliania, naxevarsardafiT. fasadi morTuliaarqiteqturuli elementebiT : kedlis svetebiT (piliastri),karnizebiT, rustikiT da erTi arc Tu didi zomis liTonismoajiriani aivniT.ezos mxridan fasadi Sedgeba or iarusiani Ria galereebiT,reliefis qanobze ganlagebuli mTlianad moSenebuli pirvelisarTuliT. galereebi kvadratuli kveTis svetebiT, kapitelebiT,moajiriT romelic diagonalurad ganlagebul xislartyebisagan damzadebulia – Semonaxulia kargad. galereebSixis originaluri kibea romelic sarTulebs erTmaneTTanakavSirebs. gviandeli periodis Carevebi SedarebiT mcirea.saxli warmoadgens arqitqeqturul Zegls da misi kargikonstruqciuli mdgomareoba iZleva saSualebas mciredanaxarjebid Catardes srulmasStabiani warmatebulirestavracia. saaRricxvo baraTi № 010405114.4.3. amaRlebis q. # 10.saxli xazovani konfiguraciisa, agebulia XIX saukunis 50-anwlebSi, mdebareobs amaRlebis (yofili daviTaSvilis,19

voznesenskaias) quCis dasawyisSi. quCis mxridan orsarTulianiamaRal beletaJze mdidruladaa morTuli arqiteqturulidetalebiT, karnizebiT da sapireebiT. fanjrebi da CarCoebisworkuTxa moxazulobisa, sadarbazoebi mTavrdeba liToniskonsoluri winfriT. fasadze erTi farTo aivania xis mrgvalisvetebiT, Wviruli kapitelebiT da moajirebiT.fasadi ezos mxridan SedarebiT mokrZalebulia, Sedgebanawilobriv mogvianobiT Seminuli Ria galereebis oriiarusisgan. sarTulebi dakavSirebulia swormarSiani xiskibeebiT. ezoSi gviandeli periodis minaSenebia. xis mrgvalisvetebi, Wviruli kapitelebi da moajirebi aseve xis mrgvalinakveTi rikulebiT, kargadaa Semonaxuli. ezoSi Sesasvlelisadarbazodanaa. ezoSi aseve aris Ria kibeebi swori da xveulimarSebiT. saxli arqiteqturul Zegls warmoadgens da misiSedarebiT autenturi mdgomareoba saSualebas iZleva mciredanaxarjebiT Cautardes warmatebuli srulmasStabianirestavracia. saaRricxvo baraTi № 010507027.5. ezo saxlis garSemo.5.1. daviT aRmaSeneblis gamziri # 149.saxli mdebareobs mtkvris marcxena sanafiroze,aRmaSeneblis gamziris # 149 (yofili mixailovis, plexanovis),warmoadgens arqiteqturis Zegls 1988 wlidan. orsarTulianisaxli agebulia XIX saukunis bolo aTwleulSi navTob mewarmisgukasovis mier, saxli erT ojaxisTvis iyo gankuTvnili, sabWoTaxelisuflebis dros saxlSi gaizarda ojaxebis ricxvi – amJamadiq oTxi ojaxi cxovrobs.saxli nakveTis siRrmeSia ganTavsebulia da aqvs wina daukana ezo, sameurneo nagebobebi, romlebic gadakeTebulia daamJamad gamoyenebulia rogorc sacxovrebeli. saxls aqvsgviandeli daSeneba. saxli atarebs iseTi arqiteqturulistilebis niSnebs, rogoricaa romantizmi da moderni. ezoSisaxlis win ganTavsebulia dekoratiuli Sadrevani qandaqebiT.saxli mdidrulad aris morTuli dekoratiuli elementebiT, xiskronSteinebiT da fanjrebis sapireebiT. ezoSi SesasvlelSi20

liTonis Weduri WiSkaria, lomis gamosaxulebiT. ukana ezoSiSeminuli galerea, xis kibe da sameurneo saTavsebi. yuradRebasiqcevs fasadis feradovani gadawyveta. saxli fasadis mxridan daezo amJamad mTlianad restavrirebulia, es saxli naTelinimuSia XIX saukunis Tbilisis sacxovrebeli ganaSenianebisa.saaRricxvo baraTi № 010102301.5.2. daniel WonqaZis q. # 4 – gergeTis q. # 10.saxli sololakis ubanSi mdebareobs, WonqaZis quCazexolo ukana fasadi gamodis gergeTis (yofili gudoviCis,sakonsulos) quCaze. agebulia 1903 wels ana osipis asulimadaTovis dakveTiT. igi gancalkavebul nakveTze mdgomi kerZosaxlia, agebulia rTul reliefze, aqvs ramdenime done daganTavsebulia nakveTis centralur nawilSi. saxlisamsarTuliania, agebulia modernis stilSi. mdidruladaadekorirebuli arqiteqturuli detalebiT, aqvs aivnebi, erkerebi,karnizebi, kronSteinebi, faxverki da sxva.ezoSi Sesasvleli WonqaZis quCidanaa, kedelSi mowyobilidekoratiuli gasasvleliT da kibiT. ezos ukana nawilSi iyosameurneo nagebobebi, sadac droTa ganmavlobaSi gaCndnengviandeli minaSenebi da gadakeTebebi. dRemde SenarCunebuliaRia galereebis elementebi svetebiT da dekoratiuli TaRebiT.ezoSi aseve SenarCunebulia mwvane nargavebi, keTilmowyobisa daRobis alementebi. egreTwodebuli „madaTovis“ saxli Tbilisuriarqiteqturis unikalur Zegls warmoadgens da eqvemdebarebasrulmasStabian restavracias. saaRricxvo baraTi № 010508153.5.3. ia kargareTelis q. # 6.saxli mdebareobs kargareTelis (yofili niJniaia sadovaias)aRmaSeneblis (yofili aleqsanderdorfis, plexanovis) ubanSi. isgancalkevebul nakveTze mdgomi kerZo (osobniaki) saxlia daekuTvnoda princ oldenburgelis ojaxs. saxli agebulia 1895wels arqiteqtor paul Sternis proeqtiT da gviandeli gotikisstils miekuTvneba. is orsarTuliania maRali cokolzenaxevarsardafiT, koSkebiT da maRali qanobiani frangulirenesansis stilis saxuraviT.21

saxli uxvadaa dekorirebuli qvaSi rustikiT, terasiT,rTuli fanjrebis alaTebiT da xis detalebiT. ezos aqvsdekoratiuli Robe, svetebiT da liTonis RobiT da WeduriWiSkriT. sabWoTa periodSi Senobaze gakeTda miSeneba, romelicamJamad ZiriTadi Senobis arqiteqturul stilSia moqceuli. ukveCvens droSi gverdiT agebuli iqna xuTsarTuliani sacxovrebelisaxli da mowyobilia kinosa da TeaTris moRvaweTa memorialuribaRi.saxli da misi saZirkveli gareTa mxridan gamagrebuli darestavrirebulia, Tumca SenarCunebulia gviandeli minaSenebi dagadakeTebebi. saxli warmoadgens XIX saukunis bolo periodisTbilisuri arqiteqtulis mniSvnelovan Zegls. saaRricxvobaraTi № 010102343.6. saxlebi atipiuri ezoebiT.6.1. pavle ingoroyvas q. # 14.saxli #14 mdebareobs p.ingoroyvas (yofili ZerJinskis,laboratornaias) quCis dasawyisSi, sololakisa da mTawmindisistiriuli ubnebis sazRvarze. saxli XIX saukunis bolosaaagebuli, savaraudoa 80-ian wlebSi da miniWebuli aqvsarqiteqturis Zeglis statusi. is samsarTuliania, aqvs orisadarbazo, romlebic mdidruladaa dekorirebuli. orivesadarbazos aqvs liuneti – gamanaTebeli fanrebi. igimravalbiniani saSemosavlo saxli iyo. Senobis fasadi morTuliaklasicizmisa da barokos stilis arqiteqturuli detalebiT.fasadze ori memorialuri dafaa mweral pavle ingorokvasa dakompozitor mikael tariverdievis, romlebic sxva da sxvawlebSi cxovrobdnen da moRvaweobdnen aRniSnul saxlSi. saxlisezo ganlagebulia rTul reliefze, misi sami done erTmaneTTanqvis kibiT arian dakavSirebuli. kibeebi kargadaa Semonaxuli,maTi mTavari Rirseba mdgomareobs masSi, rom ostaturadagamoyenebuli reliefi da uSualod ukavSirdeba sam iarusadganTavsebul xis galereebs, romlebic gare artyia ezos. ezoSiyuredRebas iqcevs kargad mofiqrebuli mezoblebis TavSeyris dadasvenebis adgilebi da gamwvaneba.22

ezos sivrcis mdidruli arqiteqturuli gadawyveta, misigeoplastika da farTe xveuli samdoniani kibe, Zveli mwvanenargavebi da Ria galereebis sami iarusi aniWeben mas unikaluriTbilisuri ezos interieris xarisxs, romelic eqvemdebarebamkacr dacvas da xarisxian restavracias. saaRricxvo baraTi №0104080196.2. pavle ingoroyvas q. # 20.saxli # 20 mdebareobs CitaZisa da ingoroyvas quCebiskuTxeSi yofili amierkavkasiis saxkomsabWos Senobismopirdapire mxares (arq. n. severovi). saxli agebuli iyo generalaga bek-agalarovis ojaxisTvis, romelic XIX saukunis bolos(1895 wlamde) kavkasiaSi mefisnacvalis mrCeveli da mTargmneliiyo. saxlis arqiteqturis Zeglis statusi aqvs, masSi sxva dasxva saxelmwifo dawesebulebebi da sacxovrebeli binebiimyofeboda. is gamoirCeva daxvewili, natifi arqiteqturulimorTulobebiT. fasadze yuradRebas iqceva Sesasvleli portikisvetebiT, bareliefebi, karnizebi, metalis Weduri moajirebi,mZlavri frontoni larnakebiT, sadarbazo marmarilos kibiT,romlic zemodan lunetiT naTTeba. saxli modernis stilisarqiteqturis naTeli nimuSia.saxlis ezo ganTavsebulia rTul reliefze, simaRleTadidi sxvaobiT. mas aqvs ori ZiriTadi da erTi gardamavali done.doneebi erTmaneTTan dakavSirebulia didi Qqvis kibiT, qvistumboebiT da liTonis moajiriT. kibis QqveS dekoratiuliwyaroa naxevarwriuli auziT. ezos zeda done perimetrzeSemortymulia xis Ria galereebiT. ezoSi uxvadaa dekoratiulielementebi da gamwvaneba.miuxedavad imisa rom Senoba arqiteqturis Zeglia, ezoSimravladaa gviandeli minaSenebebi da kibeebi. Senobis fasadzeramdenime Rrma bzaria, saxli da ezo eqvemdebareba restavraciasda pirvandeli saxiT aRdgenas. saaRricxvo baraTi № 010408007.23

6.3. mixeil winamZRvriSvilis q. # 39.saxli #39 mdebareobs m.winamZRvriSvilis (yofilikl.cetkinis, elizavetinskaias) da k.nadiraZis (yofili Tevdores)quCebis gadakveTaze, qalaqis marcxena sanapiroze, voroncov –plexanovis Zvel ubanSi. miwis nakveTi Tavidan ter sarkis bekosazariancs ekuTnoda, 1911 wels agebuli saxlis mepatrone kiiyo vinme jagitiani. saxls unikaluri gegmareba aqvs, romelsacTbilisis arqiteqturaSi analogi ar gaaCnia. nakveTis kuTxeebSiganTavsebulia ori srulad erTnairi samsarTuliani saxli,romlebic mTel perimetrze SeerTbulia erTsarTulianinagebobiT, romelSic adre ganTavsebuli iyo sakonditro. amJamaderTsarTulian nawilSi ganTavsebulia Rvinis da antikvariatismaRaziebi. ezo kvadratuli formisa da nagebobebis SidanawilSia. ezodan erTsarTuliani nawilis saxuravze adisxveuli kibe, saxuravi erTdros eqsploatirebadi iyo damowyobil iyo Zveli Tbilisuri banis saxuravis principiT daamiT ezos meore dones qmnida, da ezos saerTo farTiizrdeboda. unda vaRiaroT rom es iyo friad originaluri dagonebamaxvili gadawyveta.or simetriul samsarTulian Senobas modernis stiliserTnairi fasadebi aqvs, qvis aivnebiT, kronSteinebiT,dekoratiuli naZerwiT da maRali frontoniT. saxlebs aqvTgviandeli minaSenebi da daSenebebi.ezos fasadi imiTa saintereso, rom Tavidanve gaformebuliiyo Seminuli galereebiT, gamoweuli nawilebiT damorgvalebuli kuTxeebiT. saxls aqvs sami liTonis xveuli kibe,maTgan ori SenobaSia. erTsarTulian nawils aqvs moajiridekoratiul baliustradis saxiT, romelic xuravs ezoSiSesasvlelebs (Tavidan iyo ori Sesasvleli ezoSi), liTonisWeduri WiSkariT. ezoSi mis centralur nawilSi xarobsramdenime maRali kiparisi, iqvea saerTO sargeblobis wylisonkani. garkveul interess warmoadgenen naxevarsardafisSesasvlelebi ezos mxridan.24

aRwerili ezo XX saukunis dasawyisis Tbilisurisacxovreblis arqiteqturis unikaluri nimuSia, romelicsaxelmwifo dacvis qveSaa da srulad unda iyos restavrirebulida gawmendili gviandeli TviTneburi minaSenebis dadaSenebisagan. saaRricxvo baraTi № 010302004.Zveli Tbilisis ezoebis Tanamedrove mdgomareobis,SemorCenili saarqivo masalebis detaluri analiziT, maTitipologiuri niSnebiT da maTi struqturuli TvisebebisgamovleniT SesaZlebeli gaxda Camoyalibebuliyo rigimecnieruli debulebisa, romlebsac aqvs RirebulimeTodologiuri mniSvneloba istoriuli ganaSenianebisSeswavlis, sarestavracio samuSaoebis procesSi gadawyvetilebismiRebisas.DsaerTo daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi1. istoriul retrospeqtivaSi vlindeba Tbilisuri ezoebisganviTarebis Semdegi Taviseburebebi. XIX saukunis pirvelnaxevarSi sacxovrebeli saxlebis ezoebi metwilad gamodian RianawiliT quCis mxares, xolo XIX saukunis bolosaTvis da XXsaukunis dasawyisisaTvis ezoebi ixeven nakveTis siRrmeSi daquCisken rogorc wesi iyureba Senobis fasadi. amasTan TuSenobis fasadi Seicavs evropuli arqiteqturis elementebsmcire zomis liTonis aivnebiT da dekoriT, ezos fasadi piriqiTgadawyvetilia samxreTuli arqiteqturis tradiciebSi – xis, Riagalereebis iarusebiT, xveuli an swori kibeebiT da sxva da sxvaformis gadasasvlelebiT.2. Tbilisuri ezoebis arqiteqturuli saxe mniSvnelovnadSeicvala sabWoTa xelisuflebis dros. cvlilebebis sawyisietapi dakavSirebulia mobinadreTa simWidroebis gazrdasTan –xdeboda binebis kanonieri mflobelebis masiuri gamosaxleba anSemWidroveba da ganTavisuflebul farTSi proletariatis daglexobis warmomadgenelTa Sesaxleba. mobinadreTa raodenibisgansakuTrebuli zrdis Sedegad ezoebSi gamovlinda Semdegimetamorfozebi:25

- macxovreblebma daiwyes sacxovrebeli farTis gazrda Riagalereebis Seminvis xarjze;- macxovreblebma masiurad daiwyes mTeli sarTulebis daSenebaramac SemdgomSi gamoiwvia Senobebis amortizaciis daCqareba;- droTa ganmavlobaSi ezoebSi gamoCndnen egrewodebuli„parazitebi“ – miSenebebi da nawilobriv – daSenebebi, sameurneofligelebi, etlebis saTavsebi da sadgomebi iqcnensacxovreblad;- sacxovreblad aseve iyenebden naxevarsardafebis saTavsoebs,romlebic adre sameurneo saWiroebisTvis iyo gankuTvnili;- ezos sivrceSi bolo drois mniSvnelovani cvlilebebidakavSirebulia didi odenobiT Ria avtosadgomebsa daavtofarexebis gaCenasTan.unda aRiniSnos, rom ideologiuri mosazrebebiT sabWoTaxelisufleba ar atarebda gamagrebiT da sarestavraciosamuSaoebs, riTac xels uwyobda Zveli qalaqis istoriuliqsovilis nekrozs, amiT xelisufleba axerxebda eTnikuraderTsaxa ubnebis daSlas da iRebda ra avariul fonds,aTavisuflebda adgils axali mSeneblobebisaTvis.3. damoukideblobis mopovebis kvaldakval saqarTvelomiurTda yvela mniSnelovan saerTaSoriso konvencias da qartiaskulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis dargSi. disertaciaSimocemulia am dokumentebis da ganviTarebuli qveynebiserovnuli ZegldacviTi kanonmdeblobis mimoxilva.2007 wels miRebul iqna saqarTvelos kanonis „kulturulimemkvidreobis Sesaxeb“ axali redaqcia, xolo 2008 da SemdgomwlebSi masSi Sevida rigi cvlilebebisa, romlis SinaarsiwinaaRmdegobaSia moqmed saerTaSoriso wesebTan. Aamcvlilebebis safuZvelze TbilisSi ganxorcieldasarestavracio samuSaoTa didi moculobebi, ris Sedegad amubnebSi istoriul ganaSenianebam dakarga avTenturobis maRalixarisxi. Ees sakanonmdrblo xarvezebi saswrafod arisgamosasworebeli.26

4. Zveli qalaqis ezoebis istoriuli TaviseburebebisSeswavliT da analiziT unda moxdes ezoebis garemosstruqturuli organizeba ori sivrciTi veqtoriT:horizontaluri da vertikalluri mimarTulebiT. AammimarTulebebs gaaCnia gegmarebiTi elementebis Tavisikonkretuli Semadgenloba, rac sxva da sxva xarisxiTdamaxasiaTebelia yvela tipis ezosaTvis.horizontalur sibrtyeSi ganviTarebis aspeqtSi sivrciTigadawyveta Sedgeba iseTi elementebisagan, rogoricaa SemoRobvaquCis mxridan, WiSkari. sakuTriv ezo rogorc wesi oTxkuTxaformisaa, dafarulia qvis wyobiT an asfaltiT, aris mwvanenargavebi, wiwvovani an foTlovani xeebi, dekoratiuli buCqnari,talaverebi, yvavilebi. ezoSi SeiZleba iyos baseini dekoratiuliqandaqebiT, wyaro an onkani sasmeli wyliT, bavSvebis saTamaSomoedani, dasvenebisa da Sexvedrebis zona ufrosebisaTvis, didezoebSi SeiZleba gaCndes sportuli moedani.vertikaluri mimarTulebiT gadawyvetis aspeqtSi ezossivrce Sedgeba iseTi elementebisgan, rogoricaa sardafis danaxevarsardafis doneebi, morgebili reliefis daxrazesameurneo daniSnulebiT (sawyobebi, sainJinro qselebi), maTSiezos mxridan SesasvlelebiT, sacxovrebeli saxlis pirveli(beletaJi), meore, mesame da meoTxe (iSviaTad) sarTulebiromlebic ezos fasads Seadgenen da Ria aivnebiTaa Semosuli,xis iatagebiT, svetebiTa da moajiriT, SesasvlelebiTanfiladiT ganlagebul sacxovrebel saTavsoebSi.galereebis iarusebi erTmaneTTan xis an liTonis xveuli answormarSiani kibeebiT da gadasasvlelebiTaa dakavSirebuli.sxveni daxrili saxuravis qveS rogorc wesi gamoiyeneba rogorcsacxovrebeli mansardi an sameurneo daniSnulebiT.5. arqiteqturis Zeglis da misi mniSnelovani nawilis –ezos restavraciis ZiriTadi principebi unda iyos:– ezos pirvandeli saxis sruli aRdgena zusti mecnieruliSeswavlis safuZvelze, misi arqiteqturul-mxaTvruliRirsebebis gamovleniT;27

- ezoebis upirobo gawmenda gviandeli memkvidreobisagan:miSenebebis, daSenebebis, avtofarexebis da sxva“parazitebisagan”;- ezoebis safasado nawilebis mzidi konstruqciebiselementebis gamagreba da sainJinro-teqnikuri qselebisreabilitacia;- ezoebis teritoriebis gamwvaneba da keTilmowyoba;- bavSvebisa da mozdilebis dasvenebisa da garTobis adgilebismowyoba;- sadac SesaZlebelia sportuli moednis mowyoba imSemTxvevaSi Tu ar iqneba darRveuli ezos istoriuliistoeiuli sivrcis arqiteqturul-mxatvruli mTlianoba.6. arqiteqturuli Zeglebis restavraciis saerTaSorisogamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT da Tanamedrove moTxovnebisgaTvaliscinebiT, unda dadgindes, rom ezos sivrceSidauSvebelia avtofarexebis mowyoba (maT Soris miwisqveSa, axalinagebobebis (miSenebebis, daSenebebis) warmoqna, sarecxis saSrobikonstruqciebis mowyoba, kondicionerebis gare elementebi,satelevizio antenebis, saventilacio gamwovi arxebis da sxvagabarituli teqnologiuri mowyobilobebis montaJi. eselementebi SeZlebisdagvarad vizualurad mainc unda iqnesizolirebuli da ar unda uSlides ezos namdviliarqiteqturul-mxatvruli saxis srulfasovan aRqmas7. winamdebare naSromSi mocemuli sacxovrebeli saxlebisezoebis tipologiis samecniero Rirebuleba mdgomareobsTbilisuri saxlis im Taviseburebebis gamovlenaSi, romelicTavisi ganumeorebeli specifikiT gamoarCevs mas SavizRvisa daxmelTaSuazRvis regionebis sacxovrebel arqiteqturisagan.ezos sivrcis organizaciis tipologiuri Taviseburebebiscodna gvexmareba ufro zustad movaxdinoT ama Tu imistoriuli saxlis da misi nawilebis identificireba misireabilitaciis, rekonstruqciisa Tu restavraciis procesSi.8. disertaciaSi detalurad Seswavlili magaliTebiSeiZleba gaxdes Zveli qalaqis sacxovrebeli saxlebis –28

arqiteqturuli Zeglebis konservaciis da restavraciisproeqtebis Sedgenis safuZveli. Catarebuli kvlevebis ZiriTadidebulebebi SeiZleba CarTuli iqnes sacnobaro-normatiulliteraturaSi specialistebisaTvis, romlebic dakavebuli arianTbilisis istoriuli ganaSenianebis mecnieruli kvleviT anrealuri proeqtirebiTnaSromSi ganxiluli sakiTxebi ar zRudaven mocemuliTematilis ganviTerebas rogorc mecnierul mimarTulebas.miRebuli Sedegebi saSualebas iZleva gagrZeldes Ziebebicodnis gasaRrmaveblad qalaqis kulturuli memkvidreobisnawilSi da istoriuli ganaSenianebis socialur-ekonomikuri daqalaqgegmarebiTi reabilitaciis mniSvnelovani sakiTxebiskompleqsis gadawyvetisas.sadisertacio Temaze gamoqveynebuli samecniero naSromebi:1. diRmelaSvili a. sivrciTi integracia da qalaquri garemosmravalferovneba. saqarTvelos ganaTlebis mecnierebaTaakademiis Jurnal “moambis” damateba, “Sromebi” № 2 (17), 2010.2. diRmelaSvili a. Zveli Tbilisis ezoebis istoriuli saxisSenarCuneba. saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti,”ganaTleba”№ 3, 2011.3. diRmelaSvili a. Zveli Tbilisis ezoebis sivrciTiorganizacia da tipologia. saqarTvelos teqnikuriuniversiteti,”ganaTleba”, № 1(4), 2012.saerTaSoriso konferenciebze gakeTebuli moxsenebebi:1. diRmelaSvili a. Zveli Tbilisis ezoebis istoriuli saxisSenarCuneba (1 premia). saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti.studenTa 79-e Ria saerTaSoriso samecniero konferencia, 2011.2. diRmelaSvili a. aSS-is qalaqebis istoriuli garemoszogierTi sakiTxi. iv.javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisissaxelmwifo universiteti, amerikismcodneobis XIIyovelwliuri saerTaSoriso samecniero konferencia, 2011.29

A b s t r a c tGreat attention of the public to problems of rehabilitation and reconstruction ofhistorical building of Tbilisi, preservation of its unique shape define for today a sharpurgency of the theme chosen by us. Last decades questions of studying of protectionof monuments of architecture and a town-planning heritage in Georgia and, inparticular in Tbilisi, were devoted by I.Tsitsishvili, V.Beridze, V.Tsintsadze,T.Kvirkvelija, T.Chichua, T.Gersamija, E.Tevzadze, M.Manija's works and otherscientists. The essence and the maintenance of their works are given in the literaturereview.In 1985 the Government of Georgia had been confirmed for the first time the listof monuments of architecture of Tbilisi into which have entered more than 700buildings and constructions. On the basis of the historical and cultural basic plandeveloped in 2008 of Tbilisi, the Government of Georgia had been confirmed the listof architectural monuments of Tbilisi which quantity has increased already to 1750,from them 1422 – apartment houses. Despite solid enough quantity of scientificresearches, problems of the spatial organization of inhabited court yard in historicalbuilding and, especially for architecture houses-monuments, yet didn't become objectof special scientific research. The dissertational work presented to protection isdevoted this actual problem.Object of research of the given dissertation is located in a historical part of a cityof Tbilisi the housing estate consisting in basic from the apartment houses and isconcrete – the major structurally functional part of these houses – inhabited courtyard and thus the main attention addresses on the houses having the status ofmonuments of architecture.The research objective consists in scientific studying and the analysis of a currentstate of court yard of inhabited houses-monuments of architecture in a historical partof Tbilisi and in working out of recommendations about their spatial organizationtaking into account modern requirements of protection of a cultural heritage.Scientific novelty of research consists that for the first time the object of researchselects court yard of apartment houses – monuments of architecture of old Tbilisi. Onthe basis of morphotypes of apartment houses the architecturally-spatial typology ofobjects of research is developed, the basic structural elements of court yard areinvestigated and described and recommendations about their spatial organization aremade. To restoration and restoration of their initial shape.In the dissertation the detailed review of the legislation in the field of protectionof monuments of architecture and modern practice in this area of some the developedcountries is given. So, for example, the great interest for us is represented by thelegislation and practice of restoration of monuments of architecture of such countriesas the USA, Italy, France, Norway, the Netherlands, China, Poland, etc.In 2007 the Law on a cultural heritage »Georgia in which main principles ofprotection, restorations and adaptations of monuments of architecture have been indetails registered has been accepted«. In 2008 and the next years to this law theParliament of Georgia without consultations of experts had been made changes whichhave appeared in the contradiction with a number of acts of the international levelregulating process of protection of monuments. We consider that new amendments tothe law on a cultural heritage it is necessary to cancel and stop process of poor-qualityrestoration of monuments of architecture of Tbilisi.As a result of natural inspection and photofixing of a considerable quantity ofcourt yard of an old city, have been studied and selected as court yard-representatives30

not less than three objects of each type for the detailed analysis and studying. Amongthem:- Court yard of the closed type (75 objects) - Amaglebis 23, Borzhomsky 12,Asatiani 23, Asatiani 13, Purtseladze 13;- Court yard opened on the one hand (405 objects) – Lermontov 15,Таbidze 18, Tabidze 24, Dadiani 34;- Court yard opened from two parties (517 objects) – Amaglebis 8, 1 deadlockChavchavadze 1, Dadiani 32, Uznadze 13;- Court yard opened from three parties (340 objects) – Dadiani 24, Dadiani 30,Amaglebis 10;- The court yard surrounding the house (85 objects) – Agmashenebeli 149,Chonkadze 4, Kargareteli 6.The architectural shape of Tbilisi yards has been considerably changed in days ofthe Soviet power. The first stage of changes is connected with "consolidation"process: mass eviction of lawful owners and mass installation in houses ofrepresentatives of the proletariat and the peasantry. As a result of excessive increasein quantity of residents in yards the following metamorphoses were shown:- residents began to increase a living space at the expense of a glazing of opengalleries;- residents everywhere began to build on the whole floors that caused further theaccelerated amortization of buildings;- over time in yards there were so-called "parasites" - extensions and partialsuperstructures, in housing carriage sheds and stalls were altered;- under housing also semibasement rooms which have been earlier intended foreconomic needs were altered;- emergence of a large number of private cars on open parking and in garagesbecame the last considerable change.As a result of studying and the analysis of historical features of inhabited yards ofthe old city, it is necessary to allocate two spatial directions of the structuralorganization of domestic space: horizontal and vertical, planirovochnyj elementshaving the concrete set, in different degree of characteristic yards for all types.Restoration of initial shape of yards, their release from late stratifications,reduction of quantity of residents to optimum number, updating of engineeringinfrastructure and strengthening of designs should become the main principle ofproduction of recovery operations. The typology of yards of houses shown in thiswork – architecture monuments has general scientific value as reveals concretefeatures of Tbilisi house having the unique specifics in comparison with architectureof houses of our region, the countries of the Black Sea pool and the Mediterranean.The knowledge of features of typology and the spatial organization of domestic spacehelps to identify precisely this or that historical building in the course of itsrehabilitation, reconstruction or restoration.31