COURSE IN URBAN DESIGN (URBANISTICS)

ogorc socialur moTxovnebTan qalaqis sivrciTgegmarebiTistruqturis Seusabamobis daZleviskenmimarTuli uwyveti procesis arsi; sruliwarmodgena Seuqmnas urbanuli reabilitaciisiseTi sakvanZo debulebis Sesaxeb, rogoricaaSeusabamo funqciebisa da Warbi satransportonakadebisagan qalaqis istoruli centris gantvirTvada mizidulobis axali polusebisformireba istoriuli cent ris gareT; mdgradiganviTarebis moTxovnebze dafuZnebuli urbanulirekonstruqciis principebi; qalaqT mSeneblobiTirekonstruqciisa da Ze gl Ta dacvis sferoSimoqmedi saer TaSoriso konvenciebi da qartiebi.akademiuri disciplina „urbanuli ganviTarebissociokulturuli safuZvlebis“ (wamyvaniprofesori vl. vardosaniZe) arqiteqturulsaganmanaTleblo procesSi Semotana ganapiroba urbanuli ganviTarebis viwro, teqnokratuli xedvis daZlevis saWiroebam.dRevandeli sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis erT-erTi umniSv nelovanesi tendenciaa humanisturi principebis prio ritetulobisdamkvidreba. amgvari tendencia gansakuTrebiT aqtualuria qalaqgegmarebiTi proeqtirebisa da urbanuli garemos formirebisprocesSi. arqiteqturuli obieqti yvelgan da yovelTvis asaxavda ara marto misi avtoris individualur xedvas, aramedsocialur-kulturul konteqstsac. amdenad, gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens studentis mier im principuli debulebisgacnobiereba, rom urbanuli garemo da misi Semadgeneli elementebi warmoadgens sazogadoebaSi mimdinare socialurkulturulipro cesebis materialurgansaxierebas.akademiuri disciplina „land Saf -turi arqiteqtura“ (wamyvani profesoriekaterine TevzaZe) miz nad isaxavsstudents Seas wavlos landSafturiproeqtirebis sa fu Zv lebi, landSafturiarqi teq turis ganviTarebis etapebi, stilebi,mimarTulebebi da tendenciebilandSaftur proeqtirebaSi; gaacnosstudentebs ucxouri da samamulo maga li-Tebi landSafturi arqiteqturis sferoSi;amasTan, nebismieri profe siuli amocanisgadawyvetisas gamoumuSaos garemoseulimidgomisa da sivrculi azrovnebisunari Tanamedrove farTo ekolo giurimoTxovnis WrilSi.akademiuri disciplina „qalaqT mSeneblobisTeoriis sa fuZv lebi“ (wamyvaniprofesori givi beriZe) miznad isaxavs155

ekaterine TevzaZeekaterine tevzadzestudents Seaswavlos qalaqTmSeneblobisTeoriis sawyisiprincipebi: dasaxlebuli adgilebisdagegmarebisa da ganaSenianebis,agreTve mTeli infra struqturisorganizacia.akademiuri disciplina „urbanulireabilitacia“ (wamyvani profesorigiorgi SaiSmelaSvili) miznad isaxavsstudents qalaqTmSeneblobiT TeoriuldisciplinebSi gamoumuSaosmiRebuli codnis „urbanulireabilitaciis“ (qalaqgegmarebiTiproeqtirebis specifikuri mimarTulebis) proeq tirebaSigamoyenebis Cvevebi; urbanuli reabilitaciis proeqtirebaSigaacnobierebinos iseTi fuZemdebluri debulebis gamoyenebismniSvneloba, rogoricaa ekonomikuri ganviTa rebis, socialurierTobis da garemos dacvis TanabarmniSvnelobisprincipis, ro gorc mdgradi ganvi Tarebis sabaziso winapirobisaRiareba; urbanuli rea bilitaciis, rogorc mdgradi ganvi-Tarebis mTavari instrumentis arsis Secnoba.akademiuri disciplina „qalaqis sainJinro mowyoba datransporti“ (wamyvani profesori oTar naxuc riSvili)miznad isaxavs moamzados profesiuli codniT aRWurviliqalaqgegmarebiTi proeqtirebis profilis mqone specialisti.gamo umuSaos mas kompleqsuri proeqtebis damuSavebisaskonceptualuri da sivrciT-gegmarebiTi azrovnebis unari.akademiuri disciplina _ „pro eq tirebis normatiuli dasaka nonmdeblo safuZvlebis“ mizania studentebisaTvis damoukidebeliarqiteqturuli saqmianobisTvisaucilebeli normatiulsakanonmdeblobazis swavleba;evropis urba nuli politikisa damdgradi ganviTarebisadmi miZRvnilisaerTaSoriso konvenciebisa daqartiebis mniSvnelobis gacnobiereba;profesiul eTikasa daqalaqgegmarebiT praqtikasTan mimarTebaSi _ qcevis kodeqsebiscodna; praqtikis warmarTvis daxelSekrulebis dadebis sakiTxebSi _arqiteqtor-urbanistis iuridiulipasuxismgeblobis gaazreba.oTar naxucriSviliotar nakhutsrishvilimimarTulebis mTavari sazrunavia studentis mier profesissocialuri misiis anu TiToeuli arqi teqtor-urbanistismier sazogadoebis winaSe sakuTari pasuxismgeblobisgacnobiereba.urbanistikis mimarTulebis 20-wliani istoria cxadyofsganv lil periodSi qarTuli urbanuli skolis winaSe„aRmocenebul“ fuZemdeblur gamowvevaTa cvlilebebs. kaTedrisdafuZnebis pirvel wlebSi aseT gamowvevas SeadgendasamocdaaTwliani sabWoTa qalaqTmSeneblobiTi praqtikissabazro ekonomikis pirobebTan Seguebis siZneleebi. meorefuZemdebluri gamowveva XXI saukunis dasawyisze modis.igi mdgradi ganviTarebis moTxovnebzea dafuZnebuli daaxali urbanistikis politikis gatarebas ukavSirdeba, racurbanistikis mimarTulebis mxridan adekvatur reagirebasiTxovs.aRniSnul konteqstSi, mdgradi ganviTarebis principebisada Rirebulebebis saswavlo programebSi, integrireba urbanistikismimarTulebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani veqtoria.am Tematikis prioritetuloba gamoxatulebas poulobs pedagogebismecnierul publikaciebSi, saleqcio kursebSi,samagistro da sadoqtoro SromebSi.tradiciuli xazviT-grafikuli unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba,rogorc adre, dResac rCeba urbanistikis mimarTulebiserTerT moTxovnad, Tumca Tanamedrove teqnologiebi da specializebuliprogramuli uzrunvelyofis ganviTareba aucilebelsxdis kompiuteriT sargeblobis aTvisebas urbanuliswavlebis yvela aspeqtSi.urbanistikis mimarTulebaze pedagogiuri moRvaweobisganu yofel nawils Seadgens samecniero kvlevebi, racsrulad Seesabameba msoflio arqiteqtorTa kavSirisa daiuneskos qartiis (1993 w.) moTxovnebs.samecniero moRvaweobis diapazoni, urbanuli ganviTarebislokalur sakiTxebTan erTad, moicavs qveynis sivrciTteritoriuli organizaciisaTvis sasicocxlo mniSvnelobisTematikas, kerZod wlebis ganmavlobaSi uyurad-Rebod mitovebuli gansaxlebisa da raionuli dagegmarebisaspeqtebs.dagrovili axali samecniero informaciis saswavloprocesSi akumulireba pozitiur asaxvas poulobs sa mec -156

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158niero moRvaweobis yvela ierarqiul doneze (student-Ta samecniero konferenciebi, swavlebis samagistroda sadoqtoro programebi).qalaqgegmarebiTi proeqtirebis, rogorc urbanistikismimar Tulebis ZiriTadi prioritetis srulyofisganuzomel resurss Seicavs mecnierul kvlevebzedafuZnebuli qa laq gegmarebiTi gadawyvetilebebisuzrunvelyofa. am re sursis srulyofili gamoyenebisTvalsazrisiT, saimedo tendenciad SeiZleba iqnesmiCneuli urbanistikis mimarTulebis pedagogebis,aRiarebuli praqtikosi qa laqmgegmareblebisa dacnobili „proeqtantebis“ (g. Savdia, p. ZinZibaZe, m. bolqvaZe, g. yifiani) aqtiur samecniero moRvaweobaSiCabmis bolo dros gamokveTili procesi.Zalze mniSvnelovani iyo kaTedris TanamSromlobagermaniis miwaTsargeblobis akademiisa dafolqsvagenis programebTan. Sedegad, 1997_2006wlebSi tardeboda qarTul-germanuli studenturi,yovelwliuri konkursebi Temaze: „gare avlabrisfrTxili rekonstruqcia“. aRsaniSnavia, romkonkursSi gamar jvebuli studentebi yovelwliuradgacnobiT praqtikas germaniaSi gadiodnen, xolo urbanistikis kaTedris axalgazrda pedagogebi germaniaSi vorqSofebisada staJirebisTvis igzavnebodnen. garda amisa, urbanistikis kaTedra sistematurad atarebda III_IV kursis studentTasakurso proeqtebis da sxva miznobriv konkursebs.1997 wels saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis arqi teqturis institutsa da germaniis qalaqTmSeneblobisa damiwaTmowyobis akademiis (Deutsche Akademie fur Stadtebau und Landsplanung –DASL) iniciativiT daiwyo erTobliviurbanuli proeqtis ganxorcieleba, rac iTvaliswinebda qalaq Tbilisis istoriuli nawilis _ avlabris socialurfunqciurida arqiteqturul-gegmarebiTi ganaxlebis winadadebebis SemuSavebas. es TanamSromloba TiTqmis eqvsi weligagrZelda. proeqtis koordinatorebi iyvnen: germaniis mxridan DASL-is wevri, b-ni iost Srami, xolo saqarTvelosmxridan urbanistikis kaTedris profesori vladimer vardosaniZe.avlabris ubnis SerCeva ganapiroba Tbilisis am Zvel ubanSi Senoba-nagebobaTa didi nawilis mwvave avariulma mdgomareobamda mTliand ubnis urbanuli ganviTarebis aucileblobam.avlabris ganaxlebis proeqti institutis direqciam IV kurselTa saswavlo programaSi Seitana. samuSao or etapadmimdinareobda. qalaqgegmarebiTi rekonstruqciis sagnis programiT studentebi I semestrSi atarebdnen winasaproeqtokvleviT samuSaoebs, rac iTvaliswinebda avlabris SerCeuli teritoriis Seswavlas, ubnis istoriul, funqciur, vizualurkvlevas, fotofiqsacias, arqiteqturul anazomebs, Canaxatebs, satransporto qselis mdgomareobis dafiqsirebas,mosaxleobis socio logiur gamokiTxvas specialurad Sed genili anketis meSveobiT. Seswavlili masalis analizissafuZvelze SemuSavda saproeqto davaleba sakurso-sakonkurso proeqtirebisaTvis.II semestrSi mimdinareobda daproeqteba, romelic wari marTa jgufuri sistemiT. 4_5 studentisgan Semd gar jgufebsxelmZRvanelobdnen kaTedris wamyvani arqiteqtori pedagogebi, staJiorebi, aspirantebi. mogvianebiT am konkursSi Caebagermaniis qalaq kai zersauternis teqnikuri universitetis arqiteqturis fakulteti da amiT konkursma saerTaSorisostatusi miiRo. ‘

sakonkurso proeqtebs afasebda kompetenturi Jiuri, romelsac TanaTavmjdomareobdnen prof. giorgi SaiSmelaSvili,iost Srami, karl cigleri. konkursis Sedegad gare avlabris rekonstruqciis Temaze dagrovda mniSvnelovani analitikurida saproqto masala, romlis safuZvelze gamoica gamarjvebuli proeqtebis Semajamebeli ilustrirebuli albomebi(redaq torebi, prof. g. saluqvaZe, prof. T. maxaraSvili).2008 wlis TebervalSi berlinis teqnikuri universitetis qalaqgegmarebis fakultetis mowveviT germaniaSi vizitiTstumrad imyofeboda Cveni fakultetis studentebisagan Semdgari jgufi, romelmac monawileoba miiRo germanulqarTuliproeqt ”qalaqis frTxili rekonstruqciis” ganxorcielebaSi. germanel da stu-s studentebTan erTad amproeqtSi CarTulni iyvnen Tbilisis samxatvro akademiis studentebic.2007 wlis seqtembris bolos germanelTa TbilisSi vizitis dros moxda saproeqto teritoriis SerCeva, romelmac moicvadaviT aRmaSeneblis gamziris mimdebare ramdenime kvartali. samive umaRlesi saswavleblis studentebma damoukidebladSeimuSaves qalaqis am nawilis ganviTarebis sakuTari xedva da mTeli semestris ganmavlobaSi praq_tikulad ganaxorcielesqalaqgegmarebiTi proeqti, romelSic urbanuli ganviTarebis ierarqiulad sami sxvadasxva done aisaxa.germanelebis proeqti ZiriTadad warmoadgenda Teoriul winadadebebs frTxili rekonstruqciis sakiTxebSi. stu-sstudentTa namuSevari pirdapir da zustad pasu xobda qalaqTmSeneblobiTi rekonstruqciis proeqtis moTxovnebs. Zaliandidi efeqti moaxdina Cveni studentebis konkretulma detalurma istoriulma, socialurma da funqciurma kvlevebma,romlebic safuZvlad daedo saproeqto winadadebebs.amgvarad, am proeqtis saxiT Seiqmna imis vizualuri magaliTi, Tu risi gakeTeba SeiZleba arsebul samarT lebriv,administraciul, instituciur da finansur CarCoebSi. proeqtis gamofena da prezentacia, sxva 11 germanul proeqtTanerTad, berlinis teqnikur universitetSi Catarda 2008 wlis 13_14 Tebervals.metad sasiamovno da sapatioa, rom Jiurim, romlis SemadgenlobaSi evropaSi cnobili qalaqgegmarebiT ZeglTa dacvisspecialisti profesori gabi dolf-bonekaemperi (Professor Gabi Dolff-Bonekaemper) Sedioda, aRniSnul erTobliv proeqtsIadgili da saerTaSoriso diplomi miakuTvna.saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis arqiteqturis, urbanistikisa da dizainis fakultetis mxridan proeqtsxelmZRvanelobdnen profesori giorgi SaiSmelaSvili da arqiteqtori giorgi sulaberiZe. stu-is jgufSi Sediodnenstudentebi: Temur ninua, sofo paqsaSvili, ludmila Ciqovani, ia barTaia, sofo niniZe, Salva kikabiZe, mamuka kapanaZe damagda lekiSvili.159

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students with the existing international conventions and charters in thefield of urban reconstruction and protection of monuments.The introduction of the academic discipline “Socio-cultural principlesof urban development” (leading professor Vladimir Vardosanidze) wasconditioned by the necessity to overcome the narrow, technocraticoutlook on urban development. Imposition of the priority of humanistprinciples is the major trend of current social life. This tendency isparticularly relevant in the process of urban design and in formationof the urban environment. An architectural entity - at all times andeverywhere - is not only the expression of the individual vision of itsauthor, but of a socio-cultural context. Hence, the utmost importanceis given to making the student aware of one key concept: the urbanenvironment and its constituting elements represent a materialexpression of the socio-cultural processes taking place in the givensociety.The academic discipline “Landscape architecture” (leading professorEkaterine Tevzadze) aims at teaching the principles of landscape design,development stages, styles and directions of landscape architectureand its trends; it focuses on the international and national examples inthe field of landscape architecture; it strives to help students developenvironmental and spatial thinking when solving professional tasks, inthe context of current ecological challenges.The purpose of the academic discipline “Basics of theory of urbanplanning” (leading professor Givi Beridze) is to familiarize the studentswith the principles of theory of urban planning, i.e. organization ofsettlement planning and the infrastructure.Academic discipline “Urban rehabilitation” (leading professor GiorgiShaishmelashvili) aims at helping students develop the competenceof applying knowledge received from theoretical disciplines to thedesign practice of urban rehabilitation; the key principles the studentwill learn in this filed are: the principle of equal significance betweeneconomic development, social entity and protection of the environmentas a basic precondition for sustainable development; The student willcome to understanding that urban rehabilitation is a major instrumentfor sustainable development.Academic discipline “Transportation and infrastructure of cities”(leading professor Otar Nakhutsrishvili) has the goal to raise specialistshaving superior professional knowledge in the field of urban planningand to help the students develop conceptual and spatial thinking whenworking on complex projects.The purpose of academic discipline “Normative and legislative principlesof design” is to provide the students with knowledge on normative andlegislative basis, that are indispensable for independent architecturalpractice; to help students understand the significance of internationalconventions and charters dedicated to sustainable development andurban policy of Europe. With regards to professional ethics and urbanplanning practice, the student with learn the codes of conduct and legalresponsibility of an architect-urbanist in the sphere of professionalpractice and contract signing.The main concern of the Course lies in helping students become awareof the social mission of the profession and of the responsibility of eacharchitect-urbanist towards the community.The 20 year history of the Course of Urbanistics clearly shows thefundamental change of the challenges rising before the Georgian schoolof urbanism. During the first years, when the chair was founded, thechallenge was adapting the seventy year old soviet practice of urbanplanning to the terms of market economy. The beginning of the XXI centurybrought the next fundamental challenge. It arose from the demands ofsustainable development and is in relation with implementing new urbanpolicy, that requires adequate response from the Course of Urbanistics.In this context, integrating the principles and values of sustainabledevelopment into academic program is the major vector or the Course.The priority of this topic finds its expression in the research papers andlecture courses of our professors and in graduate and doctoral thesisworks.Developing traditional drafting and graphical skills still is one of thedemands of the Course of Urbanistics; at the same time moderntechnologies and advances of specialized software, necessitatesknowledge of computer technologies in all fields of urban studies.The inseparable part of academic activities lies in conducting scientificresearch. The spectrum of research activities encompasses - inaddition to local problems of urban development - problematic ofutmost significance for the spatial and territorial organization of ourcountry, aspects of settlement and regional planning that have beenleft neglected for long time.The integration of the collected research data into academic processfinds a positive expression at all hierarchical levels of scientific activities(students’ scientific conferences, graduate and doctoral programs).The immeasurable resource of perfecting urban design as a keypriority of our Course lies in ensuring, that decision making in townplanning is based on scientific research. The recent engagement ofthe acknowledged practicing urbanists in active scientific activitiesshould be regarded as a positive tendency with regards to applyingthis resource.The collaboration of the Course with the German Academy for Townand Land Planning and the Volkswagen Foundation was of immenseimportance. The result of this collaboration were the annual studentcompetitions - “Cautious reconstruction of outer Avlabari” - taking placefrom 1997 until 2006. It is worth mentioning that the winners162

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of the competition had academic practice in Germany and the youngpedagogues of the chair visited Germany each year for workshops andinternships.In addition to these activities, the Chair of Urbanistics systematicallyholds 3rd and 4th year course project and other goal oriented studentcompetitions.In 1997, by the initiative of the Georgian Technical University and theGerman Academy for Town and Land Planning (Deutsche Akademiefur Stadtebau und Landsplanung – DASL) began the realization of thejoint urban project, that aimed at putting forward proposals for social,functional and architectural renewal of Avlabari - historic district ofTbilisi. This collaboration lasted nearly six years. The coordinators ofthe project were: from German side, professor Yost Schramm, memberof DASL and from Georgian side, Vladimir Vardosanidze, professor atthe chair of Urbanistics.The choice of the Avlabari district was motivated by the deplorablephysical condition of majority of buildings and by the necessity of urbandevelopment of the whole district.The Avlabari project was included in the curriculum of fourth academicyear. The work progressed in two stages. Following the academicprogram of “Urban reconstruction” the students conducted researchactivities in the first semester; it included: studying the selected siteof the district, historic, functional, visual study, making photographicdocumentation, architectural surveys and sketches, fixation of existingtransport network, sociological survey of the inhabitants with the helpof prepared questionnaire. The project task was formulated based onthe analysis of the gathered materials.The second semester was dedicated to design; it was carried out byseveral competing groups, that included 4-5 students each and guidedby the leading pedagogue architects, interns and Ph.D. students of thechair.Later, the Faculty of Architecture of the Kaiserslautern TechnicalUniversity joined the project; hence, with participation of students fromGermany, the competition acquired international status.University had a working visit to Germany; the group participatedin German-Georgian project “Cautious reconstruction of the city”.Together with students from Germany and GTU, the students fromTbilisi State Academy of Arts were also involved in the project.At the end of September 2007, as the students from Germany visitedTbilisi, the site for the project was chosen; it included the districtsneighboring the prospect of David Aghmashenebeli. The studentsfrom the three universities independently elaborated their vision for thedevelopment of this part of the city and during the whole semester theycompleted an urban project, that reflected three different hierarchicalstages of urban development.The project proposed by the German side represented theoreticalproposals in the field of cautious reconstruction. The work of thestudents from GTU provided a direct and well defined answer to theproject demand of urban reconstruction. Concrete and detailed historic,social and functional research, upon which the project proposal wasbased, done by our students made an immense impression.Hence, this project was an exemplary demonstration of what can bedone within the limits of existing legal, administrative, institutional andfinancial framework.The exhibition and presentation of the project, together with other 11projects completed by the German side, took place on 13-14 February2008.With great pleasure and sense of honor, we say that the jury, thatincluded renowned specialist in the field of protection of urbanmonuments, Professor Gabi Dolff-Bonekaemper, granted to thementioned joint project first place award and an international diploma.The project supervisors from the Faculty of Architecture, Urbanisticsand Design were professors Giorgi Shaishmelashvili and GiorgiSulaberidze. The student group included: Temur Ninua, SophoPaksashvili, Ludmila Chikovani, Ia Bartaia, Sopho Ninidze, ShalvaKikabidze, Mamuka Kapanadze and Magda Lekishvili.The competition projects were evaluated by the competent jury, thechairmen of which were professors Giorgi Shaishmelashvili, YostSchramm and Karl Ziegler. The result of the competitions includessignificant analytical and design materials on topic of Outer Avlabarireconstruction;The illustrated albums reviewing the German-Georgian competitionwinning projects for “Cautious reconstruction of outer Avlabari” wereperiodically published (editors: professors Giorgi Salukvadze, TengizMakharashvili).In February 2008, with an invitation from Faculty of Town Planningof Berlin Technical University, a group of students of the Faculty ofArchitecture, Urban Planning and Design of Georgian Technical164

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166Tbilisis istoriuli raionis (plexanovis gamz.) frTxili ganaxleba / Careful renovation of historical part of Tbilisi (Plekhanovi ave.)