WJEC Certificate in Latin Literature Unit 9541 Latin Literature ...

WJECCertificate in Latin LiteratureUnit 9541Latin Literature ThemesTheme BGrowing Up in RomeStudent Study Book (without notes)UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGESCHOOL CLASSICS PROJECT

Cicero, Pro Caelio 25, 28, 30, 44, lines 1-4 (... disseruit)meus familiaris L. Herennius dixit multa de luxurie, multa delibidine, multa de vitiis iuventutis, multa de moribus. castigavit M.Caelium, sicut neminem umquam parens; multa de incontinentiaintemperantiaque disseruit.1 meus, mea, meum - myfamiliaris, familiaris - close friend, intimate friendL. = abbreviation of Lucius - LuciusHerennius, Herennii - Herenniusdico, dicere, dixi, dictus - say, speakmultus, multa, multum - much, manyde - about, concerning, on the subject ofluxuries, luxuriei - luxury, extravagancemultus, multa, multum - much, manyde - about, concerning, on the subject oflibido, libidinis - desire, lust, passion2 multus, multa, multum - much, manyde - about, concerning, on the subject ofvitium, vitii - fault, defect, error, shortcoming,viceiuventus, iuventutis - youthmultus, multa, multum - much, manyde - about, concerning, on the subject ofmos, moris - character, behaviour, moralscastigo, castigare, castigavi, castigatus -chastise, rebuke, reprimand, censureM. = abbreviation of Marcus - Marcus3 Caelius, Caelii - Caeliussicut - as, in such a way asnemo, neminis - no one, nobodyumquam - at any time, everparens, parentis - father, mother, parentmultus, multa, multum - much, manyde - about, concerning, on the subject ofincontinentia, incontinentiae - lack of selfcontrol,self-indulgence4 intemperantia, intemperantiae - unrestrainedbehaviour, licentiousnessdissero, disserere, disserui - discuss, set outin words, talk about2 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

NotesWJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome 3

Cicero, Pro Caelio 25, 28, 30, 44, lines 4-8 (equidem ... fuisse)equidem multos et vidi in hac civitateet audivi - non modo qui primoribus labris gustavissent genus hocvitae et extremis, ut dicitur, digitis attigissent, sed qui totamadulescentiam voluptatibus dedissent - emersisse aliquando etgraves homines atque illustres fuisse.54 equidem - indeed, I for my partmultus, multa, multum - manyet - andvideo, videre, vidi, visus - see, observe,noticein - in, withinhic, haec, hoc - thiscivitas, civitatis - city, state5 et - andaudio, audire, audivi, auditus - hearnon - notmodo - onlyqui, quae, quod - who, which, thatprimoris, primoris, primore - first, foremost,extremelabrum, labri - lipgusto, gustare, gustavi, gustatus - taste, sip,have some experience ofgenus, generis - kind, typehic, haec, hoc - this6 vita, vitae - life, way of lifeet - andextremus, extrema, extremum - extreme,very end ofut - asdico, dicere, dixi, dictus - say, tell, declaredigitus, digiti - fingerattingo, attingere, attigi, attactus - touch, reachsed - butqui, quae, quod - who, which, thattotus, tota, totum - all, the whole of, entire7 adulescentia, adulescentiae - youth (time of life)voluptas, voluptatis - delight, pleasure,enjoymentdo, dare, dedi, datus - give, give over toemergo, emergere, emersi - emerge, escapealiquando - sometimes, occasionally, atsome point, sooner or lateret - and8 gravis, gravis, grave - important, solemn, serioushomo, hominis - human being, person, manatque - and, and also, and evenillustris, illustris, illustre - famous, illustrioussum, esse, fui - be4 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

NotesWJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome 5

Cicero, Pro Caelio 25, 28, 30, 44, lines 9-11 (... utor)itaque severitati tuae non respondebo; deprecari vacationemadulescentiae veniamque petere non audeo; perfugiis aetatis nonutor;109 itaque - and so, therefore, consequentlyseveritas, severitatis - gravity, sternness,strictness, severitytuus, tua, tuum - your (singular)non - notrespondeo, respondere, respondi - reply,responddeprecor, deprecari, deprecatus sum - pleadfor, beg for, try to obtainvacatio, vacationis - exemption, immunity10 adulescentia, adulescentiae - youth (time oflife)venia, veniae - pardon, forgiveness,indulgencepeto, petere, petivi, petitus - seek, ask fornon - notaudeo, audere, ausus sum - dare, ventureperfugium, perfugii - refuge, asylum, excuseaetas, aetatis - agenon - not11 utor, uti, usus sum - (with ablative) use,make use of, employ6 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

NotesWJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome 7

Cicero, Pro Caelio 25, 28, 30, 44, lines 11-13 (tantum ... noceant)tantum peto ut, si qua est invidia communis hoc tempore aerisalieni, petulantiae, libidinum iuventutis - quam video esse magnam- ne huic aliorum peccata, ne aetatis ac temporum vitia noceant.11 tantum - only, just, merelypeto, petere, petivi, petitus - seek, askut - thatsi - ifqua - in some way, to some extentsum, esse, fui - beinvidia, invidiae - dislike, distaste, odiumcommunis, communis, commune - shared,common, general, publichic, haec, hoc - thistempus, temporis - time, periodaes, aeris - money12 alienus, aliena, alienum - another’s, ofsomeone elsepetulantia, petulantiae - boldness, effrontery,rudeness, immodestylibido, libidinis - desire, lust, passioniuventus, iuventutis - youthqui, quae, quod - who, which, thatvideo, videre, vidi, visus - see, observe,perceive, understandsum, esse, fui - bemagnus, magna, magnum - great, large, much13 ne - not, that nothic, haec, hoc - thisalius, alia, aliud - otherpeccatum, peccati - error, sinne - not, that notaetas, aetatis - age, period, generationac - andtempus, temporis - timevitium, vitii - fault, defect, error, shortcoming,vicenoceo, nocere, nocui - (with dative) harm,hurt, injure8 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

NotesWJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome 9

Cicero, Pro Caelio 25, 28, 30, 44, lines 13-17 (in ... tenuerunt)inM. Caelio enim nulla luxuries reperietur, nulli sumptus, nullum aesalienum, nulla conviviorum ac lustrorum libido. amores autem ethae deliciae, ut vocantur, quae infirmioribus animis molestaesolent esse, numquam hunc occupatum impeditumque tenuerunt.1513 in - in14 M. = abbreviation of Marcus - MarcusCaelius, Caelii - Caeliusenim - indeed, for, certainlynullus, nulla, nullum - not any, noluxuries, luxuriei - luxury, extravagancereperio, reperire, repperi, repertus - find,discovernullus, nulla, nullum - not any, nosumptus, sumptus - expense, lavishexpenditurenullus, nulla, nullum - not any, noaes, aeris - money15 alienus, aliena, alienum - another’s, ofsomeone elsenullus, nulla, nullum - not any, noconvivium, convivii - feast, entertainment,banquetac - andlustrum, lustri - den of vice, place ofdebaucherylibido, libidinis - desire, lust, passionamor, amoris - love, love affairautem - but, however; indeed, on the contraryet - and16 hic, haec, hoc - thisdeliciae, deliciarum - delight, pleasures,dallianceut - asvoco, vocare, vocavi, vocatus - call, namequi, quae, quod - who, which, thatinfirmus, infirma, infirmum - weak, feeble,irresoluteanimus, animi - mind, character, dispositionmolestus, molesta, molestum - troublesome,worrying, damaging17 soleo, solere, solitus sum - be accustomedto, be liable tosum, esse, fui - benumquam - at no time, neverhic, haec, hoc - thisoccupo, occupare, occupavi, occupatus -occupy, engrossimpedio, impedire, impedivi, impeditus -entangle, hamper, hinderteneo, tenere, tenui, tentus - hold, possess10 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

NotesWJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome 11

Horace, Satires 1.6, lines 1-5causa fuit pater his qui, macro pauper agello,noluit in Flavi ludum me mittere, magniquo pueri magnis e centurionibus orti,laevo suspensi loculos tabulamque lacerto,ibant octonos referentes Idibus aeris: 51 causa, causae - cause, reason, motivesum, esse, fui - bepater, patris - fatherhic, haec, hoc - thisqui, quae, quod - who, which, thatmacer, macra, macrum - lean, meagre, poorpauper, pauperis - pooragellus, agelli - little field, farm2 nolo, nolle, nolui - not to wish, not to want,be unwilling, refusein - to, intoFlavius, Flavi - Flaviusludus, ludi - school, elementary schoolego, mei - I, memitto, mittere, misi, missus - sendmagnus, magna, magnum - great, large, tall3 quo - (to) wherepuer, pueri - boy, sonmagnus, magna, magnum - great, large, talle - fromcenturio, centurionis - commander of acentury, captain, centurionorior, oriri, ortus sum - be born4 laevus, laeva, laevum - leftsuspendo, suspendere, suspendi, suspensus- hang, dangleloculus, loculi - bag or case for carryingwriting materialstabula, tabulae - writing-tabletlacertus, lacerti - shoulder, upper arm5 eo, ire, ii - go, walk, marchoctoni, octonae, octona - eight, eight eachrefero, referre, rettuli, relatus - carry, bring,pay an accountIdus, Idus - the Ides (15th day of March,May, July, October, 13th day of the othermonths)aes, aeris - copper, bronze, money12 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

NotesWJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome 13

Horace, Satires 1.6, lines 6-8 (... prognatos)sed puerum est ausus Romam portare, docendumartes quas doceat quivis eques atque senatorsemet prognatos.6 sed - but, however, yetpuer, pueri - boy, sonaudeo, audere, ausus sum - dare, ventureRoma, Romae - RomeRomam - to Romeporto, portare, portavi, portatus - take,conveydoceo, docere, docui, doctus - teach7 ars, artis - skill; (in a school) a subjectqui, quae, quod - who, which, thatdoceo, docere, docui, doctus - teachquivis, quaevis, quodvis/quidvis - anyone,anyone you might like to mentioneques, equitis - person of equestrian statusatque - and, and alsosenator, senatoris - member of the senate,senator8 se - himself, herself, itself, themselves (the-met suffix adds emphasis)prognatus, prognata, prognatum - child,offspring14 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

NotesWJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome 15

Horace, Satires 1.6, lines 8-10 (vestem ... illos)vestem servosque sequentes,in magno ut populo, si quis vidisset, avitaex re praeberi sumptus mihi crederet illos. 108 vestis, vestis - garments, clothing, clothesservus, servi - slavesequor, sequi, secutus sum - follow, attend9 in - in, amongmagnus, magna, magnum - great, largeut - as, as it werepopulus, populi - people, crowd, multitudesi - ifquis, quid - anyone, someonevideo, videre, vidi, visus - see, behold, observeavitus, avita, avitum - ancestral10 ex - from, by, on account ofres, rei - thing; business, property, profit,moneypraebeo, praebere, praebui, praebitus - offer,give, provide, supplysumptus, sumptus - expense, lavishexpenditureego, mei - I, mecredo, credere, credidi - think, believe, be ofthe opinionille, illa, illud - he, she, it; that16 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

NotesWJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome 17

Horace, Satires 1.6, lines 11-14ipse mihi custos incorruptissimus omnescircum doctores aderat. quid multa? pudicum,qui primus virtutis honos, servavit ab omninon solum facto, verum opprobrio quoque turpi;11 ipse, ipsa, ipsum - he, she, it; himself,herself, itselfego, mei - I, mecustos, custodis - guardian, protectorincorruptus, incorrupta, incorruptum - pure,uncorrupted, incorruptibleomnis, omnis, omne - all, every12 circum - around, about, amongdoctor, doctoris - teacher, instructor, traineradsum, adesse, adfui - be near, be presentquid - why?multus, multa, multum - much, manyquid multa - why should I say morepudicus, pudica, pudicum - chaste, virtuous13 qui, quae, quod - who, which, thatprimus, prima, primum - first, foremost, mostdistinguishedvirtus, virtutis - goodness, virtue, excellencehonos, honoris - honour, dignity, graceservo, servare, servavi, servatus - save,preserve, protect, keepab - fromomnis, omnis, omne - all, every14 non - notsolum - only, merelyfactum, facti - deedverum - butopprobrium, opprobrii - scandal, slanderquoque - also, tooturpis, turpis, turpe - ugly, disgraceful,dishonourable18 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

NotesWJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome 19

Horace, Satires 1.6, lines 15-17 (... sequerer)nec timuit sibi ne vitio quis verteret olimsi praeco parvas aut, ut fuit ipse, coactormercedes sequerer;1515 nec - nor, and nottimeo, timere, timui - fear, be afraidse - himself, herself, itself, themselvesne - that, lestvitium, vitii - fault, error, mistake, shortcomingquis, quid - anyone, someoneverto, vertere, verti, versus - turn, turnaroundolim - some day, sometime16 si - ifpraeco, praeconis - auctioneerparvus, parva, parvum - little, small, petty,meanaut - or, or elseut - assum, esse, fui - beipse, ipsa, ipsum - he, she, it; himself,herself, itselfcoactor, coactoris - collector (of money,taxes, etc.)17 merces, mercedis - wages, salarysequor, sequi, secutus sum - follow, go after,pursue, aim at20 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

NotesWJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome 21

Horace, Satires 1.6, lines 17-18 (neque ... maior)neque ego essem questus: at hoc nunclaus illi debetur et a me gratia maior.17 neque - nor, and notego, mei - I, mequeror, queri, questus sum - complain,protestqueror, queri, questus sum - complain,protestat - but, yet, on the contraryhoc - so, in this way, because of thisnunc - now18 laus, laudis - praiseille, illa, illud - he, she, it; thatdebeo, debere, debui, debitus - oweet - anda - fromego, mei - I, megratia, gratiae - thanksmaior, maior, maius - greater22 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

NotesWJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome 23

Petronius, Satyricon 46, lines 1-5 (... morbosus est)tu, Agamemnon, prae litteris fatuus es. aliquo die te persuadeam utad villam nostram venias? tibi discipulus crescit filius meus: iamquattuor partes dicit; si vixerit, habebis bonum discipulum. namquicquid illi vacat, caput de tabula non tollit. ingeniosus est, etiamsi in aves morbosus est. 51 tu, tui - you (singular)Agamemnon, Agamemnonis - Agamemnonprae - forlittera, litterae - literature, booksfatuus, fatua, fatuum - crazy, madsum, esse, fui - bealiqui, aliqua, aliquod - some, anydies, diei - daytu, tui - you (singular)persuadeo, persuadere, persuasi - persuade,convince, prevail uponut - to, that, in order that, so that2 ad - to, towardsvilla, villae - house, villanoster, nostra, nostrum - our, our ownvenio, venire, veni - cometu, tui - you (singular)discipulus, discipuli - pupil, disciple, traineecresco, crescere, crevi, cretus - grow, grow upfilius, filii - sonmeus, mea, meum - myiam - now, already3 quattuor - fourpars, partis - partdico, dicere, dixi, dictus - say, tellsi - ifvivo, vivere, vixi - live, stay alive, survivehabeo, habere, habui, habitus - have, possessbonus, bona, bonum - gooddiscipulus, discipuli - pupil, disciple, traineenam - for4 quisquis, quodquod/quicquid/quidquid -whoever, whateverille, illa, illud - he, she, it; thatvaco, vacare, vacavi - (of time) is available,is freecaput, capitis - headde - from, away from, out oftabula, tabulae - writing-tabletnon - nottollo, tollere, sustuli, sublatus - lift, raiseingeniosus, ingeniosa, ingeniosum - clever,smart, giftedsum, esse, fui - beetiam - even5 si - ifin - for, towardsavis, avis - birdmorbosus, morbosa, morbosum - sick withlove, mad aboutsum, esse, fui - be24 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

NotesWJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome 25

Petronius, Satyricon 46, lines 5-8 (ego ... appetere)ego illi tres cardeles occidi et dixi‘mustella eos comedit.’ invenit tamen alias nenias et libentissimepingit. ceterum iam litteris Graeculis calcem impingit et Latinascoepit non male appetere.55 ego, mei - I, I myselfille, illa, illud - he, she, it; thattres, tria - threecardelis, cardelis - goldfinchoccido, occidere, occidi, occisus - kill, slayet - anddico, dicere, dixi, dictus - say, tell6 mustella, mustellae - weaselis, ea, id - he, she, it; this, thatcomedo, comesse, comedi, comesus - eat,eat up, consumeinvenio, invenire, inveni, inventus - find, discovertamen - nevertheless, all the same, yetalius, alia, aliud - other, differentnenia, neniae - (in plural) silly things, trifles,trivial pastimeset - andlibenter - willingly, with pleasure7 pingo, pingere, pinxi, pictus - paintceterum - for the rest, but, besidesiam - now, alreadylittera, litterae - letter of the alphabet,literatureGraeculus, Graecula, Graeculum - Greek(often in a contemptuous sense)calx, calcis - heel, footimpingo, impingere, impegi, impactus -press, stampet - andLatinus, Latina, Latinum - Latin8 coepio, coepere, coepi - beginnon - notmale - badlyappeto, appetere, appetivi, appetitus - tackle,go for, attack, strive after26 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

NotesWJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome 27

Petronius, Satyricon 46, lines 8-12 (emi ... Orcus)emi ergo puero aliquot libros rubricatos,quia volo illum aliquid de iure gustare. habet haec res panem. sinoluerit, destinavi illum artificium docere - aut tonstrinum autpraeconem, aut certe causidicum - quod illi auferre possit nihil nisiOrcus.108 emo, emere, emi, emptus - buyergo - therefore, sopuer, pueri - boy, sonaliquot - some, a number ofliber, libri - book, volumerubricatus, rubricatum, rubricatum - withheadings drawn in red9 quia - becausevolo, velle, volui - want, wishille, illa, illud - he, she, it; thataliquis, aliquid - someone, somethingde - about, concerningius, iuris - law, legal systemgusto, gustare, gustavi - taste, have someexperience ofhabeo, habere, habui, habitus - have,providehic, haec, hoc - thisres, rei - thing, business, activitypanis, panis - bread, loaf, foodsi - if10 nolo, nolle, nolui - not to wish, not to want,be unwilling, refusedestino, destinare, destinavi, destinatus - fix,determine, decideille, illa, illud - he, she, it; thatartificium, artificii - trade, skilldoceo, docere, docui, doctus - teachaut - either, ortonstrinum, tonstrini - being a barber, acareer as a barberaut - either, or11 praeco, praeconis - auctioneeraut - either, orcerte - certainly, surely, at leastcausidicus, causidici - advocate, barristerqui, quae, quod - who, which, thatille, illa, illud - he, she, it; thataufero, auferre, abstuli, ablatus - take away,carry off, stealpossum, posse, potui - be able, have power, cannihil - nothingnisi - if not, unless, except12 Orcus, Orci - the god of the underworld, death28 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

NotesWJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome 29

Petronius, Satyricon 46, lines 12-13 (ideo ... moritur)ideo illi cotidie clamo: ‘fili, crede mihi, quicquid discis, tibidiscis. litterae thesaurus est, et artificium numquam moritur.’12 ideo - for that reason, thereforeille, illa, illud - he, she, it; thatcotidie - every day, dailyclamo, clamare, clamavi - shout, cryfilius, filii - soncredo, credere, credidi - (with dative) believe,trustego, mei - I, mequisquis, quicquid - whoever, whateverdisco, discere, didici - learn, acquireknowledge oftu, tui - you (singular)13 disco, discere, didici - learn, acquireknowledge oflittera, litterae - letter of the alphabet; (inplural) literature, booksthesaurus, thesauri - treasure chamber,treasure, storehousesum, esse, fui - beet - andartificium, artificii - trade, skillnumquam - nevermorior, mori, mortuus sum - die, fail30 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

NotesWJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome 31

Martial, Epigrams 5.34, lines 1-4hanc tibi, Fronto pater, genetrix Flaccilla, puellamoscula commendo deliciasque meas,parvula ne nigras horrescat Erotion umbrasoraque Tartarei prodigiosa canis.1 hic, haec, hoc - thistu, tui - you (singular)Fronto, Frontonis - Frontopater, patris - fathergenetrix, genetricis - motherFlaccilla, Flaccillae - Flaccillapuella, puellae - girl2 osculum, osculi - kisscommendo, commendare, commendavi,commendatus - entrustdeliciae, deliciarum - delight, darlingmeus, mea, meum - my3 parvulus, parvula, parvulum - small, littlene - notniger, nigra, nigrum - dark, sombre, ill-omenedhorresco, horrescere, horrui - shake withfear, tremble, shudder atErotion, Erotionis - Erotionumbra, umbrae - shade, ghost, phantom4 os, oris - mouth, mawTartareus, Tartarea, Tartareum - of theunderworld, infernal, Tartareanprodigiosus, prodigiosa, prodigiosum -strange, monstrouscanis, canis - dog, hound32 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

NotesWJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome 33

Martial, Epigrams 5.34, lines 5-8impletura fuit sextae modo frigora brumae,vixisset totidem ni minus illa dies.inter tam veteres ludat lasciva patronoset nomen blaeso garriat ore meum.55 impleo, implere, implevi, impletus - complete,fulfilsum, esse, fui - besextus, sexta, sextum - sixthmodo - only, just aboutfrigus, frigoris - chill, coldness, frostbruma, brumae - winter6 vivo, vivere, vixi - live, stay alive, survivetotidem - the same number as, as manyni - if ... notminus - less, too fewille, illa, illud - he, she, it; thatdies, diei - day7 inter - between, amongtam - sovetus, veteris - aged, oldludo, ludere, lusi, lusus - playlascivus, lasciva, lascivum - playful, mischievouspatronus, patroni - protector8 et - andnomen, nominis - nameblaesus, blaesa, blaesum - lispinggarrio, garrire, garrivi - chatter, jabberos, oris - mouthmeus, mea, meum - my34 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

NotesWJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome 35

Martial, Epigrams 5.34, lines 9-10mollia non rigidus caespes tegat ossa; nec illi,terra, gravis fueris: non fuit illa tibi.109 mollis, mollis, molle - tendernon - notrigidus, rigida, rigidum - stiff, hardcaespes, caespitis - turf, grasstego, tegere, texi, tectus - cover, hideos, ossis - bonenec - nor, and notille, illa, illud - he, she, it; that10 terra, terrae - earth, ground, soilgravis, gravis, grave - heavy, burdensomesum, esse, fui - benon - notsum, esse, fui - beille, illa, illud - he, she, it; thattu, tui - you (singular)36 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

NotesWJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome 37

Martial, Epigrams 10.62, lines 1-5ludi magister, parce simplici turbae:sic te frequentes audiant capillatiet delicatae diligat chorus mensae,nec calculator nec notarius veloxmaiore quisquam circulo coronetur. 51 ludus, ludi - school, elementary schoolmagister, magistri - masterparco, parcere, peperci - (with dative) sparesimplex, simplicis - simpleturba, turbae - crowd, group, flock2 sic - so, thus, in this waytu, tui - you (singular)frequens, frequentis - in a crowd, packedtogetheraudio, audire, audivi, auditus - hear, listencapillatus, capillata, capillatum - having long hair3 et - anddelicatus, delicata, delicatum - delicate,tender, youngdiligo, diligere, dilexi, dilectus - esteemhighly, hold dear, be fond of, lovechorus, chori - group, bandmensa, mensae - table4 nec - neither, nor, and notcalculator, calculatoris - teacher of arithmeticnec - neither, nor, and notnotarius, notarii - teacher of shorthandvelox, velocis - swift, rapid, speedy5 maior, maior, maius - greater, largerquisquam, quicquam - any, any one,anybody, anythingcirculus, circuli - circle, ring, group, companycorono, coronare, coronavi, coronatus -surround38 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

NotesWJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome 39

Martial, Epigrams 10.62, lines 6-7albae leone flammeo calent lucestostamque fervens Iulius coquit messem.6 albus, alba, album - bright, clearleo, leonis - lion, the constellation Leo (thedays are hottest when the sun is in thesign Leo from 23 July to 23 August)flammeus, flammea, flammeum - flaming,fierycaleo, calere, calui - be warm, be hot,lux, lucis - light, daylight, day7 torreo, torrere, torrui, tostus - parch, roast,scorch, burn, dry upfervens, ferventis - boiling hot, burning,blazingIulius, Iulii - (the month of) Julycoquo, coquere, coxi, coctus - cook, burn,parch, ripenmessis, messis - harvest, crop40 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

NotesWJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome 41

Martial, Epigrams 10.62, lines 8-12cirrata loris horridis Scythae pellis,qua vapulavit Marsyas Celaenaeus,ferulaeque tristes, sceptra paedagogorum,cessent et Idus dormiant in Octobres:aestate pueri si valent, satis discunt.108 cirratus, cirrata, cirratum - edged, fringedlorum, lori - thonghorridus, horrida, horridum - rough, bristly,horribleScythes, Scythae - a person from Scythia,Scythianpellis, pellis - leather9 qui, quae, quod - who, which, thatvapulo, vapulare, vapulavi, vapulatus - bebeaten, be thrashed, be floggedMarsyas, Marsyae - Marsyas, a satyr whochallenged Apollo to a trial of skill on the fluteCelaenaeus, Celaenaea, Celaenaeum - ofCelaenae, a town in Phrygia10 ferula, ferulae - whip or rod for punishingslaves or schoolboystristis, tristis, triste - grim, unpleasant, stern,harshsceptrum, sceptri - sceptre, staff, rodpaedagogus, paedagogi - paedagogus, aslave who took children to and from school11 cesso, cessare, cessavi - cease, be idle,leave offet - andIdus, Iduum - the Ides (15th day of March,May, July, October, 13th day of the othermonths)dormio, dormire, dormivi - sleep, restin - to, up to, untilOctober, Octobris - of October12 aestas, aestatis - summerpuer, pueri - boy, sonsi - ifvaleo, valere, valui - be healthy, be well, bestrongsatis - sufficient, enoughdisco, discere, didici - learn42 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

NotesWJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome 43

Martial, Epigrams 11.39, lines 1-2cunarum fueras motor, Charideme, mearumet pueri custos assiduusque comes.1 cunae, cunarum - cradlesum, esse, fui - bemotor, motoris - mover, person who rocks (acradle)Charidemus, Charidemi - Charidemusmeus, mea, meum - my2 et - andpuer, pueri - boycustos, custodis - guardian, protectorassiduus, assidua, assiduum - constant,perpetual, full-timecomes, comitis - companion, comrade,partner44 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

NotesWJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome 45

Martial, Epigrams 11.39, lines 3-6iam mihi nigrescunt tonsa sudaria barbaet queritur labris puncta puella meis;sed tibi non crevi: te noster vilicus horret,te dispensator, te domus ipsa pavet.53 iam - now, alreadyego, mei - I, menigresco, nigrescere, nigrui - become black,grow darktondeo, tondere, totondi, tonsus - clip, cut,shavesudarium, sudarii - handkerchief, towelbarba, barbae - beard4 et - andqueror, queri, questus sum - complain;protest that [or] atlabrum, labri - lippungo, pungere, pupugi, punctus - prick,piercepuella, puellae - girl, girlfriend, sweetheartmeus, mea, meum - my5 sed - but; however, yettu, tui - you (singular)non - notcresco, crescere, crevi, cretus - grow, grow uptu, tui - you (singular)noster, nostra, nostrum - ourvilicus, vilici - farm overseer, managerhorreo, horrere, horrui - shiver, tremble,shudder at6 tu, tui - you (singular)dispensator, dispensatoris - steward, treasurertu, tui - you (singular)domus, domi - house, homeipse, ipsa, ipsum - he, she, it; himself,herself, itself; the very ...paveo, pavere, pavi - be frightened, be terrified46 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

NotesWJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome 47

Martial, Epigrams 11.39, lines 7-10ludere nec nobis nec tu permittis amare;nil mihi vis et vis cuncta licere tibi.corripis, observas, quereris, suspiria ducis,et vix a ferulis temperat ira tua.107 ludo, ludere, lusi, lusus - playnec - neither, nor, and notnos - wenec - neither, nor, and nottu, tui - you (singular)permitto, permittere, permisi, permissus -allow, permitamo, amare, amavi, amatus - love, be in love8 nil - nothingego, mei - I, mevolo, velle, volui - be willing, wish, desire, wantet - andvolo, velle, volui - be willing, wish, desire, wantcunctus, cuncta, cunctum - alllicet, licere, licuit - it is permitted, it is allowedtu, tui - you (singular)9 corripio, corripere, corripui, correptus -snatch up, lay hold of, rebuke, chastiseobservo, observare, observavi, observatus -watch, observequeror, queri, questus sum - complain,grumble, protestsuspirium, suspirii - sighduco, ducere, duxi, ductus - draw in10 et - andvix - hardly, scarcely, not easily, with difficultya - fromferula, ferulae - whip or rod for punishingslaves or schoolboystempero, temperare, temperavi, temperatus -restrain oneself, refrain fromira, irae - anger, wrath, ragetuus, tua, tuum - your (singular)48 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

NotesWJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome 49

Martial, Epigrams 11.39, lines 11-16si Tyrios sumpsi cultus unxive capillos,exclamas ‘numquam fecerat ista pater’;et numeras nostros astricta fronte trientes,tamquam de cella sit cadus ille tua.desine; non possum libertum ferre Catonem.esse virum iam me dicet amica tibi.1511 si - ifTyrius, Tyria, Tyrium - of Tyre, Tyrian(referring to the famous purple dye)sumo, sumere, sumpsi, sumptus - take up,adopt, put oncultus, cultus - adornment, clothing, dressunguo, unguere, unxi, unctus - anoint with oilcapillus, capilli - hair12 exclamo, exclamare, exclamavi - call out, cryout, exclaimnumquam - at no time, neverfacio, facere, feci, factus - doiste, ista, istud - thatpater, patris - father13 et - andnumero, numerare, numeravi - count, numbernoster, nostra, nostrum - ourastringo, astringere, astrinxi, astrictus -tighten, knit, furrowfrons, frontis - forehead, browtriens, trientis - drinking cup14 tamquam - as if, just as ifde - from, out ofcella, cellae - cellar, storehousesum, esse, fui - be, exist, live; happen;remain; be possible [or] allowablecadus, cadi - large jar of wineille, illa, illud - he, she, it; thattuus, tua, tuum - your (singular)15 desino, desinere, desii - leave off, cease,stop, desistnon - notpossum, posse, potui - be able, canlibertus, liberti - freedmanfero, ferre, tuli, latus - bear, endureCato, Catonis - Cato (= M. Porcius Cato theElder, who was very serious and austere)16 sum, esse, fui - bevir, viri - man, a full-grown maniam - now, alreadyego, mei - I, medico, dicere, dixi, dictus - say, tell, declareamica, amicae - girlfriend, sweethearttu, tui - you (singular)50 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

NotesWJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome 51

Juvenal, Satire 14, lines 1-4plurima sunt, Fuscine, et fama digna sinistraquae monstrant ipsi pueris traduntque parentes.si damnosa senem iuvat alea, ludit et heresbullatus parvoque eadem movet arma fritillo.1 plurimus, plurima, plurimum - very much,very manysum, esse, fui - beFuscinus, Fuscini - Fuscinuset - andfama, famae - report, opiniondignus, digna, dignum - (with ablative)worthy of, deservingsinister, sinistra, sinistrum - bad, adverse,unfavourable2 qui, quae, quod - who, which, thatmonstro, monstrare, monstravi, monstratus -show, teachipse, ipsa, ipsum - he, she, it; himself,herself, itselfpuer, pueri - boy, sontrado, tradere, tradidi, traditus - hand over,pass on, hand down, bequeathparens, parentis - parent3 si - ifdamnosus, damnosa, damnosum -pernicious, destructive, damagingsenex, senis - old maniuvo, iuvare, iuvi, iutus - please, delightalea, aleae - dice, gamblingludo, ludere, lusi, lusus - playet - andheres, heredis - heir4 bullatus, bullata, bullatum - still a child,wearing the ‘bulla’ (an amulet)parvus, parva, parvum - little, smallidem, eadem, idem - the samemoveo, movere, movi, motus - move, shakearma, armorum - arms, toolsfritillus, fritilli - dice-box, box from which diceare thrown52 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

NotesWJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome 53

Juvenal, Satire 14, lines 5-9 (... gula)nec melius de se cuiquam sperare propinquoconcedet iuvenis, qui radere tubera terrae,boletum condire et eodem iure natantesmergere ficedulas didicit, nebulone parenteet cana monstrante gula.55 nec - nor, and notmelior, melior, melius - betterde - concerning, forse - himself, herself, itself, themselvesquisquam, quicquam - anyspero, sperare, speravi - look forward to,hope for, anticipatepropinquus, propinqui - relative, kinsman6 concedo, concedere, concessi, concessus -allow, permitiuvenis, iuvenis - youth, young manqui, quae, quod - who, which, thatrado, radere, rasi, rasus - scrape, peeltuber, tuberis - truffleterra, terrae - ground, soil7 boletus, boleti - mushroomcondio, condire, condivi, conditus - preserve,pickle, seasonet - andidem, eadem, idem - the sameius, iuris - juice, saucenato, natare, natavi - swim, float8 mergo, mergere, mersi, mersus - immerse,drownficedula, ficedulae - a small bird, the fig-peckerdisco, discere, didici - learnnebulo, nebulonis - rascal, scoundrel,worthless fellow, sorry wretchparens, parentis - father, parent9 et - andcanus, cana, canum - old, aged, greymonstro, monstrare, monstravi, monstratus -show, teachgula, gulae - gullet, throat54 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

NotesWJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome 55

Juvenal, Satire 14, lines 9-13 (cum ... culina)cum septimus annustransierit puerum, nondum omni dente renato,barbatos licet admoveas mille inde magistros,hinc totidem, cupiet lauto cenare paratusemper et a magna non degenerare culina.109 cum - when, as soon asseptimus, septima, septimum - seventhannus, anni - year10 transeo, transire, transii, transitus - passpuer, pueri - boy, sonnondum - not yetomnis, omnis, omne - all, everydens, dentis - toothrenascor, renasci, renatus sum - berenewed, be new again11 barbatus, barbata, barbatum - beardedlicet, licere, licuit, licitum est - one may, onecan; althoughadmoveo, admovere, admovi, admotus -bring, apply, use, lay onmille - a thousandinde - from that time, after that time, thereaftermagister, magistri - master, tutor, teacher12 hinc - from this place, from heretotidem - the same number, just as manycupio, cupere, cupivi, cupitus - long for,desire, wantlautus, lauta, lautum - fine, sumptuousceno, cenare, cenavi - dineparatus, paratus - preparation, provision13 semper - alwayset - anda - frommagnus, magna, magnum - great, grandnon - notdegenero, degenerare, degeneravi - departfrom, decline fromculina, culinae - kitchen, cuisine56 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

NotesWJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome 57

Juvenal, Satire 14, lines 14-16sic natura iubet: velocius et citius noscorrumpunt vitiorum exempla domestica, magniscum subeant animos auctoribus.1514 sic - so, thus, in this waynatura, naturae - nature, characteriubeo, iubere, iussi, iussus - bid, order,commandvelociter - swiftly, rapidly, speedilyet - andcito - quickly, swiftly, rapidlynos - we15 corrumpo, corrumpere, corrupi, corruptus -spoil, destroy, corrupt, seducevitium, vitii - fault, defect, error, shortcoming,viceexemplum, exempli - example, precedentdomesticus, domestica, domesticum -domestic, in the home, in the familymagnus, magna, magnum - great, grand, mighty16 cum - when, sincesubeo, subire, subii, subitus - come onsecretly, approach stealthily, steal intoanimus, animi - soul, mind, heartauctor, auctoris - author, promoter, champion58 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

NotesWJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome 59

Pliny, Letters 9.12, lines 1-2 (... emeret)castigabat quidam filium suum quod paulo sumptuosius equos etcanes emeret.1 castigo, castigare, castigavi, castigatus -chastise, punishquidam, quaedam, quoddam - a certainfilius, filii - sonsuus, sua, suum - his, his ownquod - because, on the grounds thatpaulo - by a little, somewhatsumptuose - expensively, extravagantly, atgreat costequus, equi - horseet - and2 canis, canis - dog, houndemo, emere, emi, emptus - buy60 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

NotesWJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome 61

Pliny, Letters 9.12, lines 2-6 (huic ... indulget)huic ego iuvene digresso dixi: ‘heus tu, numquamnefecisti, quod a patre corripi posset? “fecisti” dico. non interdumfacis quod filius tuus, si repente pater ille tu filius, pari gravitatereprehendat? non omnes homines aliquo errore ducuntur? non hicin illo sibi, in hoc alius indulget?’52 hic, haec, hoc - thisego, mei - I, meiuvenis, iuvenis - youth, young mandigredior, digredi, digressus sum - leave,depart, go awaydico, dicere, dixi, dictus - say, declareheus - hey! listen!tu, tui - you (singular)numquam - at no time, never3 facio, facere, feci, factus - doqui, quae, quod - who, which, thata - bypater, patris - fathercorripio, corripere, corripui, correptus -censure, rebuke, chastise, find fault withpossum, posse, potui - be able, canfacio, facere, feci, factus - dodico, dicere, dixi, dictus - say, declarenon - notinterdum - sometimes, now and then4 facio, facere, feci, factus - doqui, quae, quod - who, which, thatfilius, filii - sontuus, tua, tuum - your (singular)si - ifrepente - suddenly, unexpectedlypater, patris - fatherille, illa, illud - he, she, it; thattu, tui - you (singular)filius, filii - sonpar, paris - equal, matchinggravitas, gravitatis - severity, sternness,harshness, strictness, gravity5 reprehendo, reprehendere, reprehendi,reprehensus - censure, reprehend, rebukenon - notomnis, omnis, omne - all, everyhomo, hominis - human being, person, manaliqui, aliquae, aliquod - some, anyerror, erroris - error, mistake, faultduco, ducere, duxi, ductus - lead, mislead,deceivenon - nothic, haec, hoc - this6 in - inille, illa, illud - he, she, it; thatse - himself, herself, itself, themselvesin - inhic, haec, hoc - thisalius, alia, aliud - another, differentindulgeo, indulgere, indulsi - (with dative) belenient towards, indulge, forgive62 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

NotesWJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome 63

Pliny, Letters 9.12, lines 6-8 (haec ... tractares)haec ego, admonitus exemploimmodicae severitatis, tibi pro amore mutuo scripsi, ne quando tuquoque filium tuum acerbius duriusque tractares.6 hic, haec, hoc - thisego, mei - I, meadmoneo, admonere, admonui, admonitus -warn, remind, promptexemplum, exempli - example, precedent7 immodicus, immodica, immodicum -excessive, immoderateseveritas, severitatis - gravity, sternness,strictness, severitytu, tui - you (singular)pro - from, out of, for the sake ofamor, amoris - love, fondnessmutuus, mutua, mutuum - mutual, reciprocalscribo, scribere, scripsi, scriptus - writene - so that not, in order that not, lestquando - whentu, tui - you (singular)8 quoque - also, toofilius, filii - sontuus, tua, tuum - your (singular)acerbe - harshly, roughly, severely,unfeelinglydure - harshly, cruelly, sternly, inflexiblytracto, tractare, tractavi, tractatus - deal with,treat, handle64 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

NotesWJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome 65

Pliny, Letters 9.12, lines 8-10 (cogita ... patrem)cogita et illumpuerum esse et te fuisse, atque hoc quod es pater ita utere utmemineris et hominem esse te et hominis patrem.106 hic, haec, hoc - thisego, mei - I, meadmoneo, admonere, admonui, admonitus -warn, remind, promptexemplum, exempli - example, precedent7 immodicus, immodica, immodicum -excessive, immoderateseveritas, severitatis - gravity, sternness,strictness, severitytu, tui - you (singular)pro - from, out of, for the sake ofamor, amoris - love, fondnessmutuus, mutua, mutuum - mutual, reciprocalscribo, scribere, scripsi, scriptus - writene - so that not, in order that not, lestquando - whentu, tui - you (singular)8 quoque - also, toofilius, filii - sontuus, tua, tuum - your (singular)acerbe - harshly, roughly, severely,unfeelinglydure - harshly, cruelly, sternly, inflexiblytracto, tractare, tractavi, tractatus - deal with,treat, handle66 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

NotesWJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome 67

Tacitus, Agricola 4-5, lines 1-3 (... transegit)mater Iulia Procilla fuit, rarae castitatis. in huius sinuindulgentiaque educatus per omnem honestarum artium cultumpueritiam adulescentiamque transegit.1 mater, matris - motherIulia, Iuliae - JuliaProcilla, Procillae - Procillasum, esse, fui - berarus, rara, rarum - rare, unusualcastitas, castitatis - chastity, purityin - in, onhic, haec, hoc - thissinus, sinus - bosom, lap2 indulgentia, indulgentiae - kindness, gentlenesseduco, educare, educavi, educatus - bringup, rearper - through, in pursuit ofomnis, omnis, omne - all, everyhonestus, honesta, honestum - worthy, fine,honourablears, artis - skill, artcultus, cultus - culture, refinement, cultivation3 pueritia, pueritiae - boyhood, childhoodadulescentia, adulescentiae - youthtransigo, transigere, transegi, transactus -come through, conclude, finish, spend time68 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

NotesWJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome 69

Tacitus, Agricola 4-5, lines 3-7 (arecebat ... compositum)arcebat eum ab inlecebrispeccantium - praeter ipsius bonam integramque naturam - quodstatim parvulus sedem ac magistram studiorum Massiliam habuit,locum Graeca comitate et provinciali parsimonia mixtum ac benecompositum.53 arceo, arcere, arcui, arctus - keep, protectis, ea, id - he, she, it; this, thatab - from, away frominlecebra, inlecebrae - allurement, enticement4 pecco, peccare, peccavi - make a mistake,do wrong, commit a fault, sinpraeter - apart from, in addition to, beyondipse, ipsa, ipsum - he, she, it; himself,herself, itselfbonus, bona, bonum - good, virtuousinteger, integra, integrum - innocent, pure,uprightnatura, naturae - nature; characterquod - the fact that, that, because5 statim - right from the start, from the time of(being)parvulus, parvula, parvulum - quite young, asa childsedes, sedis - home, residenceac - andmagistra, magistrae - instructress, mistressstudium, studii - study, studying, learningMassilia, Massiliae - Massilia, a seaport town(modern Marseille)habeo, habere, habui, habitus - have6 locus, loci - place, locationGraecus, Graeca, Graecum - Greekcomitas, comitatis - courteousness, kindness,friendliness; good taste, eleganceet - andprovincialis, provincialis, provinciale -provincialparsimonia, parsimoniae - frugality, thrift,parsimony, economymisceo, miscere, miscui, mixtus - mix,mingle, blend, combineac - andbene - well, rightly, beautifully, pleasantly;opportunely7 compono, componere, composui,compositus - combine, adjust70 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

NotesWJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome 71

Tacitus, Agricola 4-5, lines 7-10 (memoria ... coercuisset)memoria teneo solitum ipsum narrare se prima iniuventa studium philosophiae acrius - ultra quam concessum estRomano ac senatori - hausisse, ni prudentia matris incensum acflagrantem animum coercuisset.107 memoria, memoriae - memory, recollectionteneo, tenere, tenui, tentus - hold, keepsoleo, solere, solitus sum - be accustomedto, be used to, be in the habit ofipse, ipsa, ipsum - he, she, it; himself,herself, itselfnarro, narrare, narravi, narratus - tell,narrate, describese - himself, herself, itself, themselvesprimus, prima, primum - first, earliestin - in8 iuventa, iuventae - youthstudium, studii - studyphilosophia, philosophiae - philosophyacriter - keenly, strongly, vigorously,enthusiasticallyultra - beyond, further, morequam - thanconcedo, concedere, concessi, concessum -permit, allow9 Romanus, Romana, Romanum - Romanac - and, and besidessenator, senatoris - member of the senate,senatorhaurio, haurire, hausi, haustus - drink in,imbibeni - if ... not, unlessprudentia, prudentiae - prudence, goodsensemater, matris - motherincendo, incendere, incendi, incensus -kindle, inflame, impassion, exciteac - and, and besides10 flagrans, flagrantis - blazing, glowing; ardent,passionateanimus, animi - mind, will, charactercoerceo, coercere, coercui, coercitus -restrain, control, keep in check72 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

NotesWJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome 73

Tacitus, Agricola 4-5, lines 11-15prima castrorum rudimenta in Britannia adprobavit. nec Agricolalicenter, more iuvenum qui militiam in lasciviam vertunt, nequesegniter titulum tribunatus et inscitiam ad voluptates et commeatusrettulit: sed noscere provinciam, nosci exercitui, discere a peritis,sequi optimos.1511 primus, prima, primum - first, earliestcastrum, castri - military servicerudimentum, rudimenti - first lesson, basictrainingin - inBritannia, Britanniae - Britainadprobo, adprobare, adprobavi, adprobatus- prove his worth at, prove himself at,complete satisfactorilynec - neither, nor, and notAgricola, Agricolae - Agricola, a Romancommander in Britain12 licenter - freely, without restraintmos, moris - manner, wayiuvenis, iuvenis - youth, young manqui, quae, quod - who, which, thatmilitia, militiae - military service, militarycareerin - to, into, towardslascivia, lasciviae - indiscipline, wantonness,lasciviousnessverto, vertere, verti, versus - turn, change,transformneque - neither, nor, and not13 segniter - half-heartedly, lazily, indolentlytitulus, tituli - title, ranktribunatus, tribunatus - the office of tribuneet - andinscitia, inscitiae - ignorance, inexperiencead - to, towardsvoluptas, voluptatis - pleasure, enjoymentet - andcommeatus, commeatus - leave of absence14 refero, referre, rettuli, relatus - put forward,propose, regard as an excusesed - butnosco, noscere, novi, notus - get to know,learn about, get acquainted withprovincia, provinciae - command,administration, provincenosco, noscere, novi, notus - get to know,learn about, get acquainted with, becomefamiliar withexercitus, exercitus - armydisco, discere, didici - learn, acquire knowledgea - fromperitus, perita, peritum - experienced,practised, expert, skilful15 sequor, sequi, secutus sum - follow, followthe example ofoptimus, optima, optimum - best74 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome

NotesWJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome 75

CopyrightIn the case of this publication, the CSCP is waiving normal copyright provisions in that copies of this material may bemade free of charge and without specific permission so long as they are for educational or personal use within the schoolor institution which purchases the publication. All other forms of copying (for example, for inclusion in another publication)are subject to specific permission from the Project.76 WJEC Latin Literature Unit 9541 B Growing Up in Rome